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distribution of orf2 and orf3 genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), the essential infectious agent in pcvd (porcine circovirus diseases) circulates at high rates among domestic pig and wild boar populations. wild boars may be viremic and shed the virus with excretions and secretions, and thus serve as a reservoir for domestic pig pcv-2 infection. we hypothesize that pcv-2 strains circulating in wild boars and in domestic pigs are significantly different and thus, partially independent. to prove this hypothesis, the present study inv ...201020869816
fda: benefits of rotavirus vaccination outweigh potential contamination risk. 201020606142
distribution and characterization of il-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pcv2-infected pigs.distribution and characterization of interlukin-10 (il-10)-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were evaluated in accordance with pcv2 antigen detection. after screening a total of 56 pigs showing the symptoms of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), 15 pigs were pcv2 positive and 5 pigs, which showed stronger positive signals over multiples tissues were further investigated. this study showed that in pcv2-infected lymp ...201020706023
neutralization of infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) by capsid-binding 2'f-rna aptamers.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvd), which is responsible for economic losses in the swine industry. the capsid protein of pcv2 has important role for virus neutralization that blocks viral infection. to develop the therapeutic agents, two 2'f-rna aptamers that bound to the pcv2 capsid protein with nanomole affinity were isolated from a 2'f-rna library by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex ...201020615431
pathogenicity and molecular characterization of emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vietnam in 2007.in 2007, vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the 'porcine high fever disease' that occurred in china during 2006. analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). additionally, escherichia coli and streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. gen ...201020629970
a mouse model to study infection against porcine circovirus type 2: viral distribution and lesions in mouse.little information is known about viral distribution and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in species other than swine. it is still a debated topic whether the pcv2 could be infected and caused clinical lesions. our study is aimed to estimate the susceptibility of kunming mouse to pcv2. forty-eight, 6-week-old kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups. group a (c1-c12) was inoculated with pk-15 cell culture as a control group. group b (spcv1-12) was inoculated orally and ...201020630105
phylogenetic analysis of six isolates of beak and feather disease virus from african grey parrots in portugal.beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), a member of the genus circovirus, was detected in six dead african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus) in portugal. the complete nucleotide sequences of these six bfdvs (pt05, pt08, pt08-2, pt08-3, pt09, and pt09-2) were determined and analyzed. the seven open reading frames (orfs) described for other bfdvs were detected in all strains, except for pt05 and pt08, in which orfs 4 and 7 are absent. bayesian inference of phylogeny based on complete genomes of bf ...201020945789
field efficacy of an inactivated bivalent influenza vaccine in a multi-site swine production system during an outbreak of systemic porcine circovirus associated disease.swine influenza (si) is a disease of significance for the swine industry, and vaccination is often recommended as a way to reduce its impact on production. the efficacy of si vaccines is well established under experimental conditions, but information about field efficacy is scarce. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial inactivated bivalent (h1n1/h3n2) vaccine under conditions of natural exposure to a field si variant. to accomplish our goal we used a randomized ...201020592840
cytotoxicity of orf3 proteins from a nonpathogenic and a pathogenic porcine circovirus.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is associated with significant and serious swine diseases worldwide, while pcv1 appears to be a nonpathogenic virus. previous studies demonstrated that the orf3 protein of pcv2 (pcv2orf3) was involved in pcv2 pathogenesis via its proapoptotic capability (j. liu, i. chen, q. du, h. chua, and j. kwang, j. virol. 80:5065-5073, 2006). if pcv2orf3-induced apoptosis is a determinant of virulence, pcv1orf3 is hypothesized to lack this ability. the properties o ...201020810737
genomic analysis of porcine circovirus type-2 isolates in alberta pigs demonstrating clinical porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad).nineteen pigs with clinical signs of porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad) on 5 alberta pig farms were examined pathologically, including gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv-2) and sequence analysis was performed on tissue samples of 12 animals. results showed that new strains of porcine circovirus type-2 genogroup b were present in most pigs that were positive for pcv-2. furthermore, a mixed infec ...201020592846
porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap and rep proteins are involved in the development of cell-mediated immunity upon pcv2 infection.the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the capside (cap) and replicase (rep) proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) as well as the whole pcv2 (both pcv2a and pcv2b genotypes) in the induction of cell-mediated immunity upon infection. at 6 weeks of age, six pigs were intranasally inoculated with the stoon 1010 (stoon) isolate (pcv2a) and seven with the sp-7-10-54-13 (sp) isolate (pcv2b). none of the pigs developed clinical disease but the sp group had significantly high ...201020566220
replacement of the replication factors of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2 with those of pcv type 1 greatly enhances viral replication in vitro.porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1), originally isolated as a contaminant of pk-15 cells, is nonpathogenic, whereas porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes an economically important disease in pigs. to determine the factors affecting virus replication, we constructed chimeric viruses by swapping open reading frame 1 (orf1) (rep) or the origin of replication (ori) between pcv1 and pcv2 and compared the replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses in pk-15 cells. the results showed that the repli ...201020573809
genomic expression profiling in lymph nodes with lymphoid depletion from porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease, such as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which involves lymphocyte depletion. however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of lymphoid depletion. to gain insight into the interaction between virus and host cells, microarrays were used to analyse changes in genomic expression in lymph nodes following pcv2 infection of pigs, together with negative controls. total rna was su ...201020573857
a unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) in south africa.beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) infects psittaciformes worldwide. we provide an annotated sequence record of three full-length unique genomes of bfdv isolates from budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) from a breeding farm in south africa. the isolates share >99% nucleotide sequence identity with each other and approximately 96% nucleotide sequence identity to two recent isolates (melopsittacus undulatus) from thailand but ...201020127375
detection and genotyping of porcine circovirus in naturally infected pigs by oligo-microarray.a rapid and reliable method for the identification of porcine circovirus (pcv) genotypes based on oligonucleotide microarray hybridization has been developed. the genotype-specific oligonucleotides (22-30 mer) immobilized on the surface of glass slides were selected to bind to the multiple target sites within the replication gene that are conserved among individual pcv genotypes. cy5-labeled dna targets were amplified in a pcr with primers common to both genotypes. the identification of pcv geno ...201020137797
novel circular dna viruses in stool samples of wild-living chimpanzees.viral particles in stool samples from wild-living chimpanzees were analysed using random pcr amplification and sequencing. sequences encoding proteins distantly related to the replicase protein of single-stranded circular dna viruses were identified. inverse pcr was used to amplify and sequence multiple small circular dna viral genomes. the viral genomes were related in size and genome organization to vertebrate circoviruses and plant geminiviruses but with a different location for the stem-loop ...201019759238
immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity against porcine circovirus type 2.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is essential but not sufficient for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence in pigs. the outcome of pcv2 infection depends on the specific immune responses that are developing during the infection. diseased pigs are immunosupressed and unable to mount effective immune responses to clear the virus from circulation. in the final stage, pmws-affected pigs suffer from extensive lymphoid lesions and altered cytokine expression patterns in peripher ...201020451259
fast diagnosis and quantification for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) using real-time polymerase chain reaction.the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, caused by the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), is a major disease that poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. the purpose of this study was to establish a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the quantification of pcv-2 and to enable the rapid differentiation of porcine circoviruses type 1 and 2 (pcv-1 and pcv-2). such a method would significantly speed up the process of clinical diagnosis, and could also be used ...201020457423
detection of porcine circovirus in rodents - short communication.porcine circoviruses (pcv) are present worldwide, infecting domestic pigs and wild boars alike. studies under laboratory conditions indicated that pcv can be taken up by mice and the virus can replicate in these animals. the possible role of rodents in maintaining and transmitting pcv2 infection in the field has not been investigated yet. the present study reports the detection of pcv2, the pathogenic form of the virus, in mice and rats. a number of rodents, such as mice, rats and voles, were co ...201020460225
porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) induces cell proliferation, fusion, and chemokine expression in swine monocytic cells in vitro.granulomatous lymphadenitis is one of the pathognomonic lesions in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. this unique lesion has not been reported in direct association with viral infection in pigs. the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) alone is able to induce functional modulation in porcine monocytic cells in vitro to elucidate its possible role in the development of granulomatous inflammation. it was found that t ...201020492892
prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in japan.to investigate the transition in concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and antibody for these viruses in serum, serum samples were collected from 29 pigs on weaning day and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 53, 84, and 120 days after weaning. the concentration of circulated prrsv and pcv2 in serum was measured by real-time rt-pcr and real-time pcr, respectively. the specific antibody for prrsv and pcv2 was measured using elisa. prrsv wa ...201020163685
porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs.long-term pcv2 infection and/or concurrent infection with genotypes pcv2a and pcv2b may play a role in the development of clinical porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). to evaluate this premise, 24 11-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: negative controls, a single inoculation with pcv2a, single inoculation followed by re-inoculation with a homologous pcv2a strain, or repeated inoculations with heterologous strains (pcv2a, pcv2b). pigs ...201020167193
a novel genotype of beak and feather disease virus in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus).beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) is a causative agent for psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd), which shows a characteristic feather disorder in psittacine birds. nineteen budgerigars, which were clinically suspected to have pbfd, were examined by two polymerase chain reactions (pcr), which target each of open reading frames (orfs) v1 and c1. all of the 19 samples were detected bfdv by the pcr targeting orf c1, whereas only two of them were detected by the pcr targeting orf v1. it was ...201020658313
ultrasensitive detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with many diseases especially postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which has brought huge economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. viral detection will pave the way for this disease prevention. herein, we developed a facile, rapid and ultrasensitive method for detection of pcv2 based on gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia). the gold(iii), dissolved from the gold nanoparticle-monoclonal antibody conjugate, serve ...201020508880
an investigation of the pathology and pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in denmark.respiratory infections are among the most important diseases of growing pigs. in order to elucidate the multifactorial aetiology of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) in denmark, lungs from 148 finishing pigs with cranioventral bronchopneumonia (case group) and 60 pigs without lung lesions (control group) were collected from abattoirs. the pathogens involved in prdc and their interactions were identified and linked to the histopathological diagnosis. the lung samples were cultured for ba ...201020181357
molecular characterization, induced expression, and transcriptional regulation of porcine s100a12 gene.the s100a12 gene belongs to the s100 family of genes, which are specific to vertebrates. it is involved in many inflammatory diseases of human and has been considered as a powerful diagnostic gene. in the present study, we identified the porcine s100a12 (ps100a12) gene, provided evidence that ps100a12 is located on chromosome 4 and is closely linked to sw512. we show that ps100a12 is expressed preferentially in immune organs/tissues, e.g., bone marrow, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes. expressio ...201020189650
simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was designed for the simultaneous detection of four viruses involved in reproductive and respiratory failure in pigs: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). each of the four pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purified plasmi ...201019131259
airborne porcine circovirus in canadian swine confinement buildings.porcine circovirus type 2 has been linked to many diseases, such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and can be found in most commercial swine confinement buildings around the world. although the exact role of the virus in the appearance of disease in animals is not fully understood, the mechanisms responsible for the transmission of the virus are currently believed to happen mostly by contact. nevertheless, the possibility of airborne transmission cannot be rejected. this study invest ...201019773132
immunohistochemical detection of aetiological agents of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in italian pigs.proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a form of interstitial pneumonia that occurs in weaning and post-weaning pigs. pnp is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type ii pneumocytes and coagulative necrosis and granular debris within alveolar spaces. canadian and european studies suggest that the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are the main causes of the disease, but aujezsky's disease virus (adv) and swine inf ...201019631945
systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent porcine circovirus-2 infection in a pig.systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) was diagnosed in a fattening pig. clinical examination of the herd showed that up to 30% of the pigs of this weight group suffered from severe respiratory signs including sneezing and coughing, with a mortality rate of up to 5%. gross necropsy examination revealed severe interstitial pneumonia and generalized lymphadenopathy. on microscopical examination there was necrotizing inflammation of the lung, adrenal gland ...201019740479
occurrence and tissue distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 identified by immunohistochemistry in danish finishing pigs at slaughter.infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) may be subclinical or lead to the development of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd), which includes the entities of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). pcv2 infection and pmws occur in the early post-weaning period and are also recognized in finishing pigs of 12-19 weeks of age. the aim of the present study was to assess the role of pcv2 infection in disease of finishing pigs. accord ...201019744669
genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in republic of korea.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, 38 pcv2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in republic of korea were sequenced and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two pcv2 groups with at least four subgroups (1a, 1c, 2d, and 2e). most cases obtained from pmws-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clin ...201019744683
porcine parvovirus- and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred indian pigs.the objective of this study was to detect the presence of porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in a farm showing reproductive failure and increased mortality in neonatal piglets by histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction, and demonstration of viral antigen and nucleic acid. out of 594 piglets farrowed by 70 first-parity gilts, nine (1.51%) mummified fetuses, 13 (2.19%) stillborn, and 572 (96.3%) live-born piglets were recorded. the average litter size at birt ...201019763866
time course differential gene expression in response to porcine circovirus type 2 subclinical infection.this study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the essential causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and pigs inoculated with 10(5.2) tcid(50) of the burgos pcv2 isolate (n = 16). one control and three inoculated pigs were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post-infecti ...201019825344
the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is dispensable for virus infection but evidence of reduced pathogenicity is limited in pigs infected by an orf3-null pcv2 mutant.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in pigs. the open reading frame (orf) 3 of pcv2 reportedly induces apoptosis and is associated with pcv2 pathogenicity. in this study, we first created an orf3-null pcv2 mutant (mupcv2) by site-directed mutagenesis and demonstrated that the dimerized plasmid dna of mupcv2 clone is infectious when injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into pigs. subsequently, by using a well-characterized p ...201019852989
cytokine mrna expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from piglets experimentally co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) significantly impact the swine industry worldwide. co-infections with these viruses are common and several lines of evidence suggest that both prrsv and pcv2 modify host immune responses that facilitate infection. this study examined cytokine mrna expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from piglets experimentally co-infected with prrsv and pcv2 to define the influence of co ...201019854008
vascular lesions in pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b.vasculitis is a hallmark lesion of the severe form of systemic porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in 2 experimental studies with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b (pcv2b), 2 pigs developed fatal pcvad with acute vasculitis, and 5 related pigs developed chronic lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic peri- and endarteritis. five of these pigs (1 with acute vasculitis and 4 with chronic vasculitis) had also been inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv1) or bvdv1-like vir ...201020080495
porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) induces a procoagulant state in naturally infected swine and in cultured endothelial cells.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd). pcvd is an emerging disease that has been reported worldwide, associated with wasting, lymphoid depletion, enteritis, pneumonia, vasculitis, ischemic lesions, and necrotizing dermatitis. although pcvd causes considerable economic losses, the pathogenesis of pcv2 has not been fully understood. the aim of the present work was to study the participation of hemostatic system and of vascular endothelium i ...201019733020
efficacy of different protocols of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws).in order to control growing problems associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) several vaccines for piglets or sows were introduced recently. an objective of the study was to compare an efficacy of three different vaccination protocols in the herd with acute postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) outbreak affecting 3-month-old pigs. all of three applied protocols, namely vaccination of sows, piglets or sows and piglets with circovac proved to be efficacious in controlling of pm ...201019910048
differential effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on pcv2 genotypes at japanese pig farms.infection of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes a variety of disorders collectively referred to as porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvads). pcv2 isolates can be classified into two major types: pcv2a and pcv2b. in the present study, effects of vaccination on antibody titers in sera, pcv2 viremia, and shedding of pcv2 in feces were studied on japanese commercial pig farms where vaccination of piglets against pcv2 was performed using commercially available vaccines. the effe ...201019915335
recombinant prrsv expressing porcine circovirus sequence reveals novel aspect of transcriptional control of porcine arterivirus.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) expresses its genes via a set of nested subgenomic (sg) mrnas. such discontinuous transcription is unique yet poorly understood for arterivirus. the utilization of transcription-regulating sequence (trs) remains a puzzle, as many trs-like sequences exist in viral genome, yet only six or seven sg mrnas were transcribed in arterivirus infected cells. to investigate the transcriptional control of the porcine arterivirus, a recombinant prrs ...201019951727
bone marrow depletion with haemorrhagic diathesis in calves in germany: characterization of the disease and preliminary investigations on its aetiology.since 2007 a new fatal haemorrhagic diathesis in calves has been observed in all areas of germany. analysis of 56 cases submitted for necropsy allowed its characterization. calves fell ill within the first month of life independent of breed and sex. only single or a few animals per herd were affected. petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in many organs and tissues, particularly in skin, subcutis and gastrointestinal tract, were major findings in all animals. microscopically a severe depletion o ...201020135908
development and validation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of prrsv.to establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), four primers specific to six regions of the n gene were designed. after amplification in an isothermal water bath for 1 h, samples containing prrsv generated the expected ladder-like products while porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, and swine testis cells generated no pr ...201019911264
a study on the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in dutch fattening pigs with respiratory diseases.this study was set up to get more insights in the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections in dutch fattening farms in an endemic pcv2-situation with no clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in part a of the study, in total 29 commercial fattening farms with varying percentages of pneumonia and pleurisy at slaughter were examined. blood samples were collected at random by cross-sectional sampling; 10 in the age of 10-12 weeks, 10 at th ...201019913367
comparison of the effectiveness of passive (dam) versus active (piglet) immunization against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and impact of passively derived pcv2 vaccine-induced immunity on vaccination.the objectives of this study were (1) to compare the efficacy of two different pcv2 vaccination protocols (colostrum-derived immunity versus piglet vaccination) in a conventional pcv2 growing pig challenge model and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of vaccinating piglets with the same vaccine used in the dams. two different commercially available vaccines (vac1; vac2) were used in the same experiment. seventy-eight piglets born to vaccinated or non-vaccinated sows were divided into 8 groups. a propo ...201019913369
multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) of pcv2 genomes: applications on detection, sequencing and virus isolation.multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) was used to amplify porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genomes isolated from tissues of pigs with signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). two of the amplified pcv2 genomes were cloned in prokaryotic plasmids and sequenced. both were nearly identical (1767 nt) except for one silent substitution in the region coding for the capsid protein (orf2). in addition, they showed high nucleotide sequence similarity with pcv2 isolates f ...201019917510
pmws in pigs in iceland. 201020154323
infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza virus.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and swine influenza virus (siv) are important pathogens for porcine respiratory disease complex, which is economically significant worldwide. the pathogenesis of pcv2-siv coinfection is unknown. in this study, we focused on establishing a challenge model for pcv2 to determine whether siv influences pcv2 replication and increases the severity of pcv2-associated disease. cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intratracheally with cell culture medi ...201020158948
development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp).a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ...201019931578
detection of truncated circular dna species in escherichia coli with a pcv2-containing plasmid with a single pcv2 origin of replication.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus that causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. cloning of the pcv2 genome in a plasmid allows the construction of infectious clones. our objective was to clone single pcv2 genomes from an isolate containing a mixture of strains, in a plasmid in order to obtain pure pcv2 strains.201019955818
a new isolate of beak and feather disease virus from endemic wild red-fronted parakeets (cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in new zealand.psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) is a viral disease distributed worldwide with a potentially critical impact on many rare parrots. while efforts have been made to determine its prevalence in wild and captive psittacines, only limited work has been done to document complete genomes of its causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (bfdv). here, we describe five full genomes of bfdv isolated from wild specimens of an endemic new zealand parrot, the red-fronted parakeet (cyanoramphus ...201020180139
porcine circovirus type 2 orf3 protein competes with p53 in binding to pirh2 and mediates the deregulation of p53 homeostasis.the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis in virus-infected cells and is not essential for virus replication. the orf3 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the pcv2 infection in mouse models and spf piglets. the orf3 protein interacts with the porcine homologue of pirh2 (ppirh2), a p53-induced ubiquitin-protein e3 ligase, which regulates p53 ubiquitination. here, we present our study analyzing the details of the molecular interaction between these th ...201020004925
multiple diverse circoviruses infect farm animals and are commonly found in human and chimpanzee feces.circoviruses are known to infect birds and pigs and can cause a wide range of severe symptoms with significant economic impact. using viral metagenomics, we identified circovirus-like dna sequences and characterized 15 circular viral dna genomes in stool samples from humans in pakistan, nigeria, tunisia, and the united states and from wild chimpanzees. distinct genomic features and phylogenetic analysis indicate that some viral genomes were part of a previously unrecognized genus in the circovir ...201020007276
dietary aluminosilicate supplement enhances immune activity in mice and reinforces clearance of porcine circovirus type 2 in experimentally infected pigs.aluminosilicate is the major component of clay minerals such as zeolite, bentonite and clinoptilolite. the minerals possess a number of beneficial activities, especially in regulating the immune system. the aims of the present study were to evaluate immune enhancing effects of dietary aluminosilicate supplement (das) in mice, and to demonstrate clearance effects of das against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of an antibi ...201020022715
replication efficiency of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids derived from porcine circovirus 2 in eukaryotic cells.in this study, a method was developed to measure replication rates of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids in eukaryotic cells. this method is based on the discriminative quantitation of mboi-resistant, non-replicated input plasmids and dpni-resistant, replicated plasmids. to do so, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replicon-based plasmids were constructed. these plasmids contained the pcv2 origin of replication, the pcv2 rep promoter and the pcv2 rep gene. the results show that the replication ...201020026194
first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba.to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ...201020031180
genetic analysis of beak and feather disease virus derived from a cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus) in japan.psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd), which is caused by beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), has been reported in a wide range of psittacine species, except the cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus), in which pbfd has rarely been reported. we detected bfdv from a case of pbfd in a cockatiel in the present study. the virus was designated co-ja. the whole genome sequence of co-ja had from 86 to 98% homology with bfdvs in psittacine species. co-ja clustered with isolates derived from other coc ...201020035119
genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains isolated between 2001 and 2009: genotype pcv2b predominate in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome occurrences in eastern china.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in the present study, we obtained sequences of 31 pcv2 isolates from different farms of 11 provinces of eastern china and analyzed the genetic characterization of 136 eastern china-derivate pcv2 isolated during 2001-2009. the results showed that these pcv2 isolates could be divided into two groups, pcv2b (108 of 1a/1b, 19 of 1c) and pcv2a (1 of 2a, 2 of 2d, 6 of 2e). among the ...201020043196
qualitative and quantitative distribution of pcv2 in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), has been detected in north american and european wild boars at prevalences arguing for high circulation rates among populations. systematic data on the qualitative distribution of pcv2 infections and on pcvd (pcv2 diseases) in wild boars are rare, however, and quantitative data about viral loads are missing. to be able to judge the pcv2/pcvd situation in wild boars, evaluation of the nationwide ...201020346600
isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8.investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ...201020362007
lack of evidence for circovirus involvement in bovine neonatal pancytopenia. 201020364016
viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus.metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ...201020375174
immunity conferred by an experimental vaccine based on the recombinant pcv2 cap protein expressed in trichoplusia ni-larvae.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination has been recently included as a measure to control postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the field. aiming to obtain a more affordable vaccine to be extensively implemented in the field, a highly efficient non-fermentative expression platform based on trichoplusia ni (t. ni) larvae was used to produce a baculovirus-derived recombinant pcv2 cap protein (rcap) for vaccine purposes. vaccination of pigs with rcap induced solid protection ag ...201020056179
subcellular immunolocalization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in lymph nodes from pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws).post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is one of the most significant porcine diseases worldwide. the causative agent is porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the smallest virus known to infect animals. data related to the structural and ultrastructural aspects of this infectious disease are sparse and there is little knowledge of the subcellular localization of pcv2 and its replication in the tissues of pigs naturally affected by pmws. the present study describes the cellular localizati ...201020096850
selection of method is crucial for the diagnosis of porcine circovirus type 2 associated reproductive failures.during a 2-month period a newly repopulated danish pig herd experienced an increase in numbers of stillborn and mummies, caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) associated reproductive failure. based on recordings of data over time, the progression of the clinical outbreak was studied and the diagnostic value of different techniques was evaluated. foetal hearts (38 cases and 13 controls) were examined by immunohistochemistry (ihc) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detectio ...201020097019
emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus in swine (pcv): a type 1 and type 2 pcv recombinant.in late september 2008, tissue samples from piglets experiencing an acute outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic service of the university of montreal. several diagnostic assays were performed including a multiplex real-time quantitative pcr assay (mrtqpcr) for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2a and 2b genotypes in the lung and lymph nodes. the pig samples were found to be positive for pcv2a ...201020097492
lux real-time pcr assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2.light upon extension real-time pcr (lux real-time pcr) assay was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the primers flanking a 114 bp fragment were selected from orf1. the optimized assay could detect 20 viral copies of pbluescript sk+ plasmid containing inserted pcv2 dna. the dynamic range of quantitative analysis covered a 7-order interval ranging from 20 to 2 x 10(8) genome equivalents per assay with the best results in the range from 2 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(7) viral cop ...201020138916
dna-binding specificity determinants of replication proteins encoded by eukaryotic ssdna viruses are adjacent to widely separated rcr conserved motifs.eukaryotic ssdna viruses encode a rolling-circle replication (rcr) initiation protein, rep, which binds to iterated dna elements functioning as essential elements for virus-specific replication. by using the iterons of all known circoviruses, nanoviruses and nanovirus-like satellites as heuristic devices, we have identified certain amino acid residues that presumably determine the dna-binding specificity of their rep proteins. these putative "specificity determinants" (spds) cluster in two discr ...201020422235
colostral transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2): reproduction of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs fed milk from pcv-2-infected sows with post-natal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation.post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was reproduced in pigs fed colostrum and milk from porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2)-infected sows and infected post-natally with porcine parvovirus (ppv) or immunostimulated. pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with either pcv-2 (n=5) or pcv-2-free pk-15 cell lysates (control, n=10) 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date. newborn piglets from five of the control sows were introduced to pcv-2-infected sows (n=6 for each sow) and allowed to ...201020147521
characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies recognizing n-terminus of rep of porcine circovirus type 2.two genotypes of porcine circovirus (pcv) have been described, the non-pathogenic pcv1 and the pathogenic pcv2 in pigs. pcv-orf1 encodes rep and rep' proteins which have identical n-terminal sequence (repn) within each pcv strain, but repn has only 88% similarity between pcv1 and pcv2. purified repn of pcv2 was used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). 11 mabs were screened out and established, and they were divided into two groups according to western blot and ifa results. o ...201020152863
molecular detection of genotype 3 porcine hepatitis e virus in aborted fetuses and their sows.by reverse transcription (rt)-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), hepatitis e virus (hev) rna was simultaneously detected in the livers of aborted fetuses and in fecal and serum samples from their sows, obtained from two of 14 farms tested. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that these hevs belonged to genotype 3 hev. hev rna was detected by real-time rt-pcr at 2.0 x 10(3)-2.8 x 10(4) viral copies/microl in the hev-positive samples. all hev-positive fetuses tested positive for porcine ...201020458510
swine virus-specific cytotoxic cells producing ifngamma under different conditions of virus antigenic stimulation.flow cytometry is a useful tool to determine both the phenotype and function of immune cells during vaccination and viral infection. since cytokine release is a hallmark of cell activation, detection of intracellular interferon (ifn)gamma in cytotoxic cd8alpha+ cells under physiological conditions and after aujeszky's disease virus (adv)- or porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-swine interaction was carried out. blood samples were collected from healthy 10-month-old pigs, adv- or pcv2-vaccinated pig ...201020512626
development of in situ hybridization assay that differentiates between two genotypes of porcine circovirus-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.the aim of the current study was to develop a nonradioactive in situ hybridization assay that can differentiate between genotypes 2a and 2b of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. two different digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes were designed from the pcv-2 open reading frame 2 sequences. the pcv-2a-specific probe did not hybridize with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes ...201020224081
quantitative detection of porcine torque teno virus in porcine circovirus-2-negative and porcine circovirus-associated disease-affected pigs.torque teno virus (ttv) is a recently identified virus that has a wide range of host tropisms from humans to shrews. human ttv and torque teno mini virus are distributed worldwide, and their high prevalence in human populations has been reported. pigs have their own species-specific ttv, and like human ttv, a high prevalence of porcine ttv also has been reported. despite its high prevalence, the role of ttv-related disease or syndrome in humans and pigs has not been determined. in the swine indu ...201020224089
possible pathogenic interplay between chlamydia suis, chlamydophila abortus and pcv-2 on a pig production farm.a concurrent outbreak of chlamydial disease in boars, sows and gilts and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in weaned piglets was investigated on a large pig production farm in estonia. chlamydia suis dna was detected in conjunctival swabs from boars, sows and gilts, but also in the faeces of boars and sows. chlamydophila abortus dna was found in semen, and in conjunctival swabs from sows; dna was demonstrated by microarrays. serum samples from boars were examined using a chlamydi ...201020228367
selected swine viral pathogens in indoor pigs in spain. seroprevalence and farm-level characteristics.a serosurvey on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus ge protein (adv ge), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was carried out in spanish pig herds. the serosurvey consisted of two studies. first, a retrospective study assessed the proportion of seropositive boar, sow and fattening pig herds and their seroprevalences to prrsv, siv, adv ge and ppv from 2003 to 2005 and to pcv2 from 2000 to 2005. ...201020569418
dynamics of serum antibodies to and load of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs in three finishing herds, affected or not by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.despite that pmws commonly affects pigs aged eight to sixteen weeks; most studies of pmws have been conducted during the period before transfer to finishing herds. this study focused on pcv2 load and antibody dynamics in finishing herds with different pmws status.201020302632
identification and molecular cloning of a novel porcine parvovirus.a novel porcine parvovirus, ppv4, was identified in the lung lavage of a diseased pig coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2. this virus exhibits limited similarity to its closest relative, bovine parvovirus 2, but resembles viruses of the genus bocavirus (bovine parvovirus, canine minute virus and human bocavirus) that encode an additional orf3. the orf3 of ppv4 is predicted to encode a protein of 204 amino acid residues, which is similar in size to the orf3-encoded proteins of the bocavirus ...201020339886
genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 strains present in cuban swine herds.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) considered as one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. one of the main risk factors reported for the development of pmws is the pcv2 genotype. the presence of pcv2 in cuban swine herds has been reported recently. however, genetic information about these viruses is not available yet. hence, the objectives of this study were to classify the cuban porcine circovirus typ ...201020347107
increased numbers of myeloid and lymphoid il-10 producing cells in spleen of pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a worldwide distributed pig disease. the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pmws is considered crucial. previous studies have shown a cytokine profile suggesting t immunosuppression and indicating that interleukin 10 (il-10) may play an important role during pcv2 infection. nine 11- to 12-week-old conventional pigs were obtained from commercial farms loca ...201020381172
pathologic and virologic findings in mid-gestational porcine foetuses after experimental inoculation with pcv2a or pcv2b.two major genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been described: pcv2a and pcv2b. previous studies mainly used pcv2a to experimentally reproduce reproductive failure in sows. this study aims to determine the clinical and virological outcome of surgical inoculation of 55-day-old immuno-incompetent porcine foetuses with pcv2a or pcv2b. twelve foetuses were inoculated with pcv2: three with the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-associated pcv2a strain stoon-1010, three w ...201020395077
dual heterologous porcine circovirus genogroup 2a/2b infection induces severe disease in germ-free pigs.our primary objectives were to determine: the relative virulence of porcine circovirus (pcv) 2a and pcv2b, if heterologous infection induces severe illness, and the relative concentration of pcv2a and pcv2b in tissues of heterologously infected pigs. in experiment 1, 18 germ-free piglets served as controls or were infected with pcv2a or pcv2b. half were immune stimulated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (2aklh, 2bklh). no piglets demonstrated severe ...201020409649
orf3 of porcine circovirus 2 enhances the in vitro and in vivo spread of the of the virus.the orf3 protein of the pathogenic porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis of the virus-infected cells. in pcv2-infected piglets, orf3 induces b and cd4 t lymphocyte depletion and lymphoid organ destruction and the orf3-deficient pcv2 is attenuated in its pathogenicity (virology, 383 (2009), 338). in addition to its role in causing the apoptosis of the immune cells, characteristic of the pcv2 infection associated disease conditions, the orf3 also plays a role in the systemic dissemination o ...201021144544
further comments on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and nomenclature. 201021112703
immunopathological characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 infection-associated follicular changes in inguinal lymph nodes using high-throughput tissue microarray.the immunopathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in conventional pigs is complicated by various environmental factors and individual variation and is difficult to be completely reproduced experimentally. in the present field-based study, a tissue microarray (tma) consisting of a series of lymphoid follicles having different pcv2-loads was constructed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded superficial inguinal lymph nodes (lns) from 102 pigs. using the tma, a wide range of ...201021126833
shedding pattern and serological profile of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived and farm-raised pigs.six 5-week-old porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-free, cesarean-derived, colostrums-deprived (cdcd) pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10(6) tcid(50) of pcv2. four cdcd pigs were untreated cohabitants. forty farm-raised pigs from two pcv2-contaminated herds were randomly selected for pcv2 trace investigations. blood, nasal, oropharyngeal and fecal samples were collected from all tested pigs weekly. the pcv2 dna shed at 6-11 and 7-12 weeks of age for pcv2-inoculated pigs and cohabitants, respe ...201021139354
distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.the lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of north bačka county were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in serbia. all of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). all pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (ihc) and pcr analysis. the presence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) ...201021087918
analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 detected in rotarix vaccine.a metagenomic analysis of live human vaccines has recently demonstrated the presence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) dna in the paediatric vaccine rotarix used in the prevention of acute gastroenteritis. using real-time pcr for pcv1, titres of pcv1 dna in several batches of rotarix were found to be in the order of 6-7 log(10) copies per dose. pre-treatment of the reconstituted vaccine with the nuclease benzonase, followed by extraction of nucleic acid and quantification of pcv1 dna by real-t ...201021093497
shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after experimental infection.the objective of this study was to determine the amount and infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions following experimental infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals until 69 days post-inoculation (dpi) from five pcv2-experimentally inoculated pigs (trial 1). to assess the infectivity of the pcv2 present in excretions, secretions, and on a hypodermic needle, 26 pcv2-naïve pigs (trial 2) were inoculated wit ...201021111547
shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after natural exposure.the objective of this study was to determine the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions over time following natural pcv2 infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals starting at 28 days post-farrowing (dpf) until 209 dpf from four pigs naturally infected with pcv2. pcv2 dna was detected in all sample types. there were no differences in the amount of pcv2 dna present in different sample types over time. pcv2 dna ...201021111548
epidemiology and horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2).porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small, non-enveloped, circular, single-stranded dna virus of economic importance in the swine industry worldwide. based on the sequence analyses of pcv2 strains, isolates can be divided into five subtypes (pcv2a-e). pcv2 is an ubiquitous virus based on serological and viremia data from countries worldwide. in addition, pcv2 dna was discovered in archived samples prior to the first recognition of clinical disease. recently, a worldwide shift in pcv2 subtype f ...201021087576
prevalence of porcine circoviruses in transylvanian wild boars, detected by real-time pcr--short communication.porcine circoviruses (pcv) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of pcv in other suid species. based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that pcv1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to pcv2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of pmws. studies including pcv2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. t ...201021087917
apoptosis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) hepatitis in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2).the degree of apoptosis in the livers of pigs with hepatitis due to naturally-occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was evaluated semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical detection of the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 (ccasp3). the amount and distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virus in the liver was evaluated using in situ hybridisation. livers with mild, stage i hepatitis exhibited similar degrees of apoptosis to controls; those with stage ii lesions h ...201020817515
detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the ns1 gene.a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (ppv). two primers and a taqman probe for the non-structural protein ns1 gene were designed. the detection limit was 1 x 10² dna copies/μl, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever vir ...201021126330
one dose of a porcine circovirus 2 subunit vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects against porcine circovirus-associated disease under field conditions.this study investigated the efficacy of a one-dose porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) subunit vaccine based on the pcv2 cap protein expressed in a baculovirus system on two different farms at which a history of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvd) was present. morbidity, mortality, average daily weight gain, carcass weight, pcv2 load in serum and vaccine immunogenicity were assessed. serology to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was perform ...201021216540
effect of vaccination of boars against porcine circovirus type 2 on ejaculate characteristics, serum antibody titers, viremia, and semen virus shedding.the objective of this research was to determine the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on ejaculate characteristics, pcv2-specific antibody titers in serum, viremia, and viral shedding in the semen of pcv2-positive boars. before vaccination, all boars were confirmed by pcr to be naturally infected with pcv2. the boars were vaccinated with a commercial killed vaccine against pcv2 (n = 5) or served as controls and received 2 ml of 0.9% saline (n = 5). semen and blood sa ...201021169515
global genetic diversity and geographical and host-species distribution of beak and feather disease virus isolates.psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) has a broad host range and is widespread in wild and captive psittacine populations in asia, africa, the americas, europe and australasia. beak and feather disease circovirus (bfdv) is the causative agent. bfdv has an ∼2 kb single stranded circular dna genome encoding just two proteins (rep and cp). in this study we provide support for demarcation of bfdv strains by phylogenetic analysis of 65 complete genomes from databases and 22 new bfdv sequences is ...201021177924
possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals.circoviruses consist of highly prevalent and genetically diverse porcine and avian pathogens. the genomes of cycloviruses, a proposed new genus in the family circoviridae, were recently identified in human and chimpanzee faeces. here, six cyclovirus and four circovirus genomes from the tissues of chickens, goats, cows, and a bat were amplified and sequenced using rolling-circle amplification and inverse pcr. a goat cyclovirus was nearly identical to a cyclovirus from a cow. usa beef contained ci ...201021177928
observations of variable inter-observer agreement for clinical evaluation of faecal consistency in grow-finishing pigs.inter-observer agreement for assessment of faecal consistency in pigs was evaluated using a scoring system with 3 categories. in a pilot study, 3 observers performed an examination of faecal samples post-collection. the samples were obtained from pigs (12-13 weeks old) in 4 herds with a history of diarrhoea associated with lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira spp. and/or porcine circovirus type 2. observer 1 examined all the faecal samples from the 4 herds. observer 2 only examined the faecal s ...201021183234
post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) clinical expression under field conditions is modulated by the pig genetic background.post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a worldwide distributed disease of multifactorial origin and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as its essential infectious aetiology. pig genetic background has been pointed to influence disease expression. in the present study, three different boar lines, namely a (100% pietrain), b (50% large white × 50% pietrain) and c (25% large white × 75% duroc), were used to inseminate sows from the same genetic line (37.5% large whi ...201021215535
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