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lys-49 phospholipase a2 homologs from venoms of deinagkistrodon acutus and trimeresurus mucrosquamatus have identical protein sequence.the complete amino acid sequences of the lys-49 pla2s from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus (from taiwan and china) and trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (taiwan habu) were solved by a facile cdna cloning and sequencing method. the deduced amino acid sequences of the lys-49 pla2s of both venoms are identical, suggesting close phylogenic relationship between this two snake species of different genera. in addition, by cloning and cdna sequencing, the mrna coding for a arg-49 pla2 homolog of low expre ...19968735248
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of haemorrhagin iv from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus.haemorrhagin iv, a medium molecular weight haemorrhagin from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus (aahiv), has been purified and crystallized. the molecular weight and isoelectric point of aahiv are 44 kda and pi 5.0, respectively. the crystal belongs to space group c222(1) with unit-cell dimensions of a = 124.2, b = 114.5, c = 98.4 a, and could o diffract x-rays to 3.0 a, resolution. there are one or two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit.199615299713
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of haemorrhagin i from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus.haemorrhagin i from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus (aahi) has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method. the crystals belong to space group p4(1)2(1)2 or p4(3)2(1)2 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 63.61 and c = 95.69 a. there is one molecule in the asymmetric unit. data to 2.35 a resolution have been collected using a single-crystal.199615299746
study on the action mechanism of hemorrhagin i from agkistrodon acutus venom. 19968726075
[armillifer agkistrodontis disease: report of case].a case of armillifer agkistrodontis disease was reported. armillifer agkistrodontis is a species of the armillifer genus of the linguatulida order and parasitizing agkistrodon acutus. according to literature reviewed, there has been no report of this disease caused by infection of armillifer agkistrodontis in human being prior to this case all over the world. the clinical features of this disease are long-term high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mild anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, eosinophilia in ...19969592342
molecular cloning and deduced primary structures of acidic and basic phospholipases a2 from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus.this paper presents the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas encoding three acidic phospholipases a2 and one basic phospholipase a2 from deinagkistrodon acutus venom. the deduced primary structure of the basic enzyme is closest to that of the basic neurotoxic enzyme from trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom, while the acidic phospholipases from d. acutus have highest sequence similarity to that from agkistrodon halys pallas. the phylogeny of this monotypic species is discussed.19968931260
primary structure of ac1-proteinase from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus (hundred-pace snake) from taiwan.the entire amino acid sequence of ac1-proteinase from deinagkistrodon acutus venom was determined by using lysyl endopeptidase, metalloendopeptidase, trypsin and v8 protease. the hemorrhagic toxin had a typical zinc-chelating sequence his-glu-x-x-his found in thermolysin.19957655443
functional and sequence characterization of agkicetin, a new glycoprotein ib antagonist isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom. offf2p4.a new glycoprotein ib (gpib) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of agkistrodon acutus and characterized. it is a disulfide-linked heterodimer consisting subunits of 15 and 14 kda. the subunits are homologous to each other and to other snake venom proteins of the c-type (ca(2+)-dependent) lectin superfamily. agkicetin behaved as a potent antagonist of von willebrand factor (vwf)-induced platelet agglutination (ic50 = 12.5 nm) and bound specifically to gpib of fixed platelets with ...19957755623
[radiolabelling and assay of chinese agkistrodon acutus venom with carrier-free na 125i].chinese agkistroden acutus venom (caav) was radiolabelled with carrier-free na 125i by the method of iodogen. the specific activity and radiochemical purity for radiolabelled products were 4236.5 x 10(10) bq/mmol and 98%, respectively. each caav molecule carried 0.52 125i atom. physical and chemical characterization of radiolabelled caav was similar to unradiolabelled caav. binding analysis showed that 125i-caav was bound to platelet in a saturable manner. binding sites per platelet were 13,255 ...19957657328
[experimental study of chinese agkistrodon acutus venom in activation of rabbit platelets in vivo].fourteen albino rabbits, male and female, were allocated randomly into two groups: control group which had intravenous infusion of normal saline, and experimental group which had intravenous infusion of chinese agkistrodon acutus venom (caav) 0.075 mg/kg. platelet was reduced, plasma pf4 activity and 5-ht concentration increased, 5-ht content in platelets was reduced in the experimental group 10, 20, and 50 minutes after the infusion. it had a significant difference (p < 0.01), compared with tha ...19948070769
the properties of the purified fibrinolytic principle from agkistrodon acutus snake venom. 1993193216
coagulation factor x inhibitor from hundred-pace snake (deinagkistrodon acutus) venom.deinagkistrodon acutus venom contains a collection of anticoagulant proteins that has been reported to prevent prothrombinase assembly (teng and seegers, 1981, thromb. res. 23, 255). a partial sequence indicates that these proteins are related to the functionally equivalent protein in trimeresurus flavoviridis (atoda et al., 1991, j. biochem. 106, 808). inhibition of prothrombinase, the complex of factors xa and va combined with phospholipids, is expressed in bovine, human, and rat plasmas as in ...19938310445
[alpha 2 megaloglobulin inhibits the activation of rabbit platelet by chinese agkistrodon acutus venom].an in vitro study of alpha 2-mengaloglobulin (alpha 2mg) in the inhibition of the activation of washed rabbit platelet by chinese agkistrodon acutus venom (caav) was reported. results showed that caav induced aggregation rate of washed rabbit platelet was positively related to the caav concentration, and the maximal aggregation rate was 43.8 +/- 9.9% at the concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. meanwhile the release of serotonin (5-ht) and platelet factor 4(pf4) from the platelet reached maximum a ...19921284793
identification of effective component from a traditional herbal medicine and the inhibitory effects on experimental glomerular lesion in mice.effective constituents for renal disease were partially purified from a herbal prescription. the efficacy on renal diseases was examined using an experimental model system of glomerular lesion in mice induced by agkistrodon acutus venom (ac1-p). the extract of boiling water of the herbal prescription (p-3) was first fractionated by ether into an acidic fraction and a mixture of basic and neutral fractions. the acidic fraction was proved to be more effective and then further examined by thin laye ...19921558873
a pathologic study on the inhibitory effects of a herbal medicine against the glomerular lesion induced by agkistrodon venom in mice.the inhibitory effects of a prescription of herbal medicine, tentatively named p-3, were studied pathologically in an experimental model of the glomerular lesion induced by purified snake agkistrodon acutus venom proteinase (ac1-p) in mice. ac1-p was intravenously inoculated at a single ld50 dose. in the treated group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with an extract of p-3 at a designated time once every two days from 2 days before to 1 week after ac1-p inoculation. the control group mice w ...19911830797
characterization of ac1-proteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (hundred-pace snake) from taiwan.1. ac1-proteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus was isolated in a homogeneous form by a previously published method. 2. ac1-proteinase possessed lethal, hemorrhagic, caseinolytic, azocaseinolytic, azoalbumin hydrolytic and hide powder azure hydrolytic activities. 3. the toxin also hydrolyzed the oxidized b chain of insulin and fibrinogen. the cleavage sites in the oxidized b chain of insulin were identified as ala(14)-leu(15) and tyr(16)-leu(17). the a alpha chain of fibrinogen was digest ...19912044839
[the influence of chinese agkistrodon acutus enzyme (caae) on the functions of washed human platelets].the effects of the activation and influence of caae on washed human platelets were investigated. our findings were: (1) caae could induce aggregation and alpha-granule release reaction in the washed human platelet suspension; thus it could activate the platelets; (2) the aggregation effect of caae was inhibited by albumin and affected by ca2+, mg2+ concentration; (3) heparin and/or at iii did not inhibit the aggregation activation of caae, but alpha 2mg markedly inhibited it; (4) the aggregation ...19911814829
immunological properties of the fibrinolytic enzyme (fibrolase) from southern copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) venom and its purification by immunoaffinity chromatography.an antibody to the fibrinolytic enzyme in southern copperhead venom was produced by immunizing rabbits with chromatographically purified enzyme. the antibody was purified from rabbit blood by ammonium sulfate fractionation and protein-a affinity chromatography. the purified antibody reacted only with the fibrinolytic enzyme in southern copperhead venom as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. western immunoblotting revealed that several snake venoms, including agkistrodon pi ...19911926169
[coronary thrombolysis with defibrase].clinical use of defibrase (df), a fibrinolytic agent from venom of agkistrodon acutus, was investigated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ami). patients with ami were randomized to tow groups, one receiving conventional therapy and df, the other a control group having conventional treatment only. the patients in the df group received intravenous df 0.05 u or 0.075 u/kg over 1 hour immediately after the attack and 0.025 u/kg over 4 hours on the 5 th and 10 th day. the control patients ...19902209234
isolation of an acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (five pace snake) and its effect on platelet aggregation.a phospholipase a2 from the venom of the snake agkistrodon acutus was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) as a single band by page and sds-page. the estimated mol.wt was 16,400 by sds-page and 16,900 by gel filtration and the isoelectric point was 4.9. the ten n-terminal amino acid residues are homologous to those of the acidic phospholipases a2 from other crotalid venoms. the purified enzyme showed a potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggreg ...19892749764
cross-neutralization of thrombin-like enzymes in snake venoms by polyvalent antivenoms.five polyvalent antivenoms (crotalidae; orient, north, central and south africa) were tested for their ability to neutralize the thrombin-like activity of snake venoms (bitis gabonica, agkistrodon acutus, bothrops asper, b. atrox, crotalus adamanteus). considerable cross-neutralization was observed. anti-coagulase antibodies were isolated from an antivenom by affinity chromatography using a purified enzyme from bitis gabonica venom. these antibodies neutralized the activity of most snake venom c ...19892629180
characterization of clotting factors from agkistrodon acutus venom.1. four clotting factors, cf-1(c), cf-2(c), cf-1(t) and cf-2(t) were isolated from agkistrodon acutus (collected on mainland china and taiwan) venom by komori et al. (1987). it was reported that all factors possessed coagulant activity in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, although they showed different chemical properties and antigenicities. 2. their role in the clot formation system was clarified and compared with that of thrombin. clotting factors from a. acutus venom released only fibri ...19882896611
[purification and characterization of depressor component of agkistrodon acutus venom]. 19883195344
comparison of the platelet aggregation induced by three thrombin-like enzymes of snake venoms and thrombin.platelet aggregation induced by three thrombin-like enzymes of snake venoms was compared with that by thrombin. acutin was isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom and thrombocytin and batroxobin were from bothrops atrox venom. the fibrinogen-clotting activities were 700, 170 and 7 u/mg for batroxobin, acutin and thrombocytin, respectively. they induced aggregation and atp release of washed rabbit platelets. the aggregating activity of thrombin was 10(2), 10(4) and 10(5) times more potent than tho ...19883291184
properties of nad glycohydrolase purified from five-pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom.nad glycohydrolase (nadase) (e.c. 3.2.2.5) from five-pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity through a 4-step isolation procedure, including column chromatography using deae-sephadex a-50, sephadex g-75, cm sephadex c-50 and sephadex g-100. the final product was 11.8-fold purified with a 3.9% yield. the pure enzyme showed maximal activity at about 40 degrees c with optimal ph at 7.5. it was a glycoprotein with a pi of 7.6. its mol. wt was respectively 98 ...19882845606
[the sandwich elisa for the thrombin-like enzyme of agkistrodon acutus venom]. 19863751595
characterization of ac3-proteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (hundred-pace snake).ac3-proteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus was isolated in a homogeneous form by a previously published method. ac3-proteinase possessed lethal, hemorrhagic, caseinolytic, azocaseinolytic, dimethylcaseinolytic and hide powder azure hydrolytic activities. these activities were inhibited when ac3-proteinase was incubated with the metal chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n'-tetraacetic acid (egta), tetraethylenepentamine (tep), 1, ...19863539657
platelet aggregation inhibitors from agkistrodon acutus snake venom.among all the purified components from a. acutus venom, including adpase, 5'-nucleotidase, phospholipase a2 and fibrinogenases, only the venom adpase (50-100 micrograms/ml) shows marked inhibitory action on adp (10 microm)-, collagen (10 micrograms/ml)- and sodium arachidonate (100 microm)-induced platelet aggregations of rabbit platelet-rich plasma. the venom 5'-nucleotidase (100 micrograms/ml) inhibited adp-induced platelet aggregation by 31 +/- 4% (n = 4, p less than 0.05). fibrinogenolytic e ...19863031852
studies on the chemical modification of hemorrhagic toxin i from five pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom.the chemical modification of hemorrhagic toxin i (aahi) from agkistrodon acutus has been studied. inactivation was observed upon modification of 3 out of 7 histidine residues with diethyl pyrocarbonate. the his residues are deblocked, accompanied by a return of activity, upon treatment with neutral hydroxylamine. the circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated toxin and the native toxin are the same, indicating that modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate doe ...19854024138
effect of calcium on proteolytic activity and conformation of hemorrhagic toxin i from five pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom.aahi, a proteolytic hemorrhagic toxin from a. acutus venom, contains one g-atom zn per mole protein and 2 g-atoms ca per mole protein. aahi is activated by calcium and slightly inhibited by zinc. when treated with edta, aahi is completely inactivated. when dialyzed against 1,10-o-phenanthroline, 50-80% of the metal content and activities are lost, while 90% of the hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities are retained when dialyzed against 1,10-o-phenanthroline containing 5mm ca2+. the results sugg ...19846395446
comparative study of agkistrodon acutus venoms from china and taiwan.three hemorrhagic toxins (ac1-, ac2- and ac3-proteinases) were isolated from the lyophilized venom of agkistrodon acutus from china using gel filtration on a sephadex g-75 column, followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-sephadex a-50, deae-sephacel and deae-cellulose. homogeneity was established by the formation of a single band in acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) acrylamide gel electrophoresis. three hemorrhagic toxins possesse ...19846149878
classification of agkistrodon species in china.the wide geographical distribution of agkistrodon and the slight morphological differences among the snakes of the genus agkistrodon in china have posed a problem to taxonomists. we have employed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological diffusion techniques for comparison of the venoms of different species and subspecies of agkistrodon from various localities. the electrophoretic patterns of the proteins of the venoms were different from each other, but showed certain relations withi ...19846426095
purification of a proteinase (ac5-proteinase) and characterization of hemorrhagic toxins from the venom of the hundred-pace snake (agkistrodon acutus).ac5-proteinase (15.2 mg) was isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom (1 g) by column chromatography on sephadex g-75, cm-sephadex c-50 and cm-cellulose. ac5-proteinase was homogeneous by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at ph 4.3 and also by sds-disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ac1-, ac2-, ac3- and ac5-proteinases possessed lethal and hemorrhagic activities, but ac4-proteinase had no lethal activity. these activities were inhibited completely by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( ...19846433514
[anti-ophidic toxin action of agkistrodon acutus serum]. 19826219541
presence of zinc in proteolytic hemorrhagic toxin isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom.1. hemorrhagic toxin (ac1-proteinase) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (formosa) and the zinc content was determined (1.15 mol/mol protein). the results we extensively compared with hemorrhagic toxin e of crotalus atrox venom (u.s.a.). comparable results were obtained for zinc content, hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities for native hemorrhagic toxins from two different venoms. it is of interest that the zinc content of hemorrhagic toxins is identical even though the venoms ar ...19826125319
111 cases of snake-bite (agkistrodon acutus guenther) treated by combined traditional chinese and western medicine. 19826765699
[isolation of venom from agkistrodon acutus and assay of biological activities of thrombin-like enzyme and other fractions (author's transl)]. 19826211897
purification and partial characterization of hyaluronidase from five pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom.a hyaluronidase (ec 3.2.1. 35) was isolated and purified from agkistrodon acutus venom. the purification procedure included cm-sephadex c-50 chromatography, gel-filtration on sephadex g-75 and cm-sephadex c-25 chromatography. the purified preparation of the enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at ph 4.3, a 45-fold purification being obtained. the hyaluronidase was a glycoprotein (positive pas staining) with a molecular weight of 33,000 and a pi of 10.3. no hemorrhagic act ...19827164113
[clinical observation of 21 cases of agkistrodon acutus (guenther) bite complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. 19817341095
purification and characterization of hemorrhagic components from agkistrodon acutus (hundred pace snake) venom. 19817302954
agkistrodon acutus snake venom inhibits prothrombinase complex formation. 19817302928
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. vi. purification and properties of anticoagulant factors of anticoagulant 1 and 2 in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 19807441491
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. vii. purification of hemorrhagic principle ac4-proteinase in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 19807003094
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. v. purification of lethal protein ac3-proteinase in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 1979397338
the clotting activity of the thrombin-like enzyme of agkistrodon acutus (hundred-pace snake) venom. 1979473246
in vivo effects of the purified thrombin-like and anticoagulant principles of agkistrodon acutus (hundred pace snake) venom. 1978153013
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. iv. purification of lethal protein ac2-proteinase in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 1978739392
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. iii. purification and properties of arginine esterase which posesses clotting activity in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 1978712547
[enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. ii. purification of lethal protein ac1-proteinase in the venom of agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. 1977560456
the effects of the purified thrombin-like and anticoagulant principles of agkistrodon acutus venom on blood coagulation in vivo. 19761258068
purification and characterization of the fibrinolytic principle of agkistrodon acutus venom.by means of deae-sephadex a-50 column chromatography, agkistrodon acutus venom was separated into twelve fractions. the fibrinolytic activity was concentrated in fraction 9. this fraction was rechromatographed on sephadex g-75 three times and a single peak was obtained. the patterns of microzone and disc electrophoresis also showed a single band. a single, symmetrical boundary with a value of 2.44 s was obtained by ultracentrifugation, the molecular weight of which was estimated to be 24 100, an ...19768112
inhibition of the thrombin-like principle of agkistrodon acutus venom by group-specific enzyme inhibitors. 19744439419
the effect of the purified anticoagulant principle of agkistrodon acutus venom on blood coagulation. 19734721930
purification and properties of the coagulant and anticoagulant principles of agkistrodon acutus venom. 19724512914
purification and properties of the anticoagulant principle of agkistrodon acutus venom. 19725069588
purification and properties of the thrombin-like principle of agkistrodon acutus venom and its comparison with bovine thrombin. 19715167421
isolation of coagulant and anticoagulant principles from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. 19675618974
new pentastomida, sambonia parapodum n. sp. from varanus salvator, and armillifer agkistrodontis n. sp. from agkistrodon acutus. 19665936511
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