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characterization and large-scale expression of the recombinant cysteine proteinase from adult clonorchis sinensis.cysteine proteinases play important roles in the pathogenesis of several parasitic infections and have been proposed as targets for the structure-based approach of drug design. as the first step toward applying this strategy to design inhibitors as antiparasitic agents for clonorchis sinensis, we overexpressed and characterized the 24-kda cysteine proteinase from adult worms. first, the partial cysteine proteinase gene from c. sinensis was cloned by performing reverse transcription polymerase ch ...200111780837
case report: paragonimiasis westermani with seroconversion from immunoglobulin (ig) m to igg antibody with the clinical course.a 66-year-old man visited our hospital with primary complaint of cough. chest roentgenogram showed slight pleural effusion and pneumothorax in the left lung. eosinophilia (22.8%) was also found in his peripheral blood. multiple-dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) for the detection of parasite-specific immunoglobulin (ig) g antibody was used to screen his serum against various parasitic diseases, but no significant binding was observed with any of the 12 parasite antigens examined, ...200111791983
erhaia (gastropoda: rissooidea): phylogenetic relationships and the question of paragonimus coevolution in asia.the human lung fluke paragonimus is transmitted by gastropod taxa of two superfamilies: ceritheoidea and rissooidea. the question whether or not paragonimus shows the same specificity of host-parasite coevolved relationship as the human blood fluke schistosoma was inspired by the finding of two sympatric snail species as hosts for paragonimus skrjabini in fujian province, china: gammatricula and erhaia. the former species can clearly be classified as pomatiopsidae: triculinae. the latter has pre ...200011220760
gene sequencing for identification of paragonimus eggs from a human case.to identify the etiologic agent from a paragonimiasis patient using molecular techniques.200012567661
cloning and expression of a cysteine proteinase gene from paragonimus westermani adult worms.a gene encoding a cysteine proteinase from paragonimus westermani has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the cysteine proteinase cdna fragment was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from the conserved active site of the cysteine proteinase. the 5' and 3' regions of the gene were amplified using a pcr technique for the rapid amplification of cdna ends. the cloned gene has an open reading frame of 687 b ...200010780554
paragonimiasis westermani with multifocal lesions in lungs and skin.we report a case of paragonimus westermani infection with a reticulonodular lesion in the right lung, left pleural effusion, and a mobile subcutaneous mass. analyses of pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) showed marked eosinophilia and high levels of eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin (il)-5. transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the presence of pneumonia with mild eosinophilic infiltration but remarkable lymphocytic infiltration. in this patient, high il-5 levels in ...200010830191
paragonimus westermani: a cytosolic glutathione s-transferase of a sigma-class in adult stage.we purified cytosolic glutathione s-transferase (gst) of adult paragonimus westermani monitoring its activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). the enzyme was purified 18.4-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with 21% recovery rate through a three-step procedure. the purified enzyme (pw28gst) has a subunit molecular weight of 28 kda with an isoelectric point at 4.6. monoclonal antibody (anti-pw28gst) against pw28gst did not cross-react with gsts from other helminths. cdna library was cons ...200010831383
persisting antibody reaction in paragonimiasis after praziquantel treatment is elicited mainly by egg antigens.antibody responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from patients with active and chronic paragonimiasis and in sera from patients on whom follow-up studies were done after praziquantel treatment were analyzed using antigens of paragonimus westermani prepared from eggs, metacercariae, juveniles of 4- and 7-week old, adult worms and recombinant protein of 28 kda cruzipain-like cysteine protease (rpw28ccp). the patient sera/csfs of active and chronic paragonimiasis revealed strong an ...200010905068
partial characterization of a 17 kda protein of clonorchis sinensis.a 17 kda protein from clonorchis sinensis adults was purified by a procedure including sephacryl s-200 hr gel filtration and q-sepharose anion exchange chromatography. the protein was proved to be a cysteine protease as it showed hydrolytic activity toward cbz-phe-arg-amc in the presence of dithiothreitol and was inhibited by specific inhibitors such as iodoacetic acid or trans epoxy-succinly-l-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino) butane. the polyclonal antibody raised against the protein reacted to 17 kda ...200010905071
excretory-secretory product of paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae inhibits superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with igg.it is well known that the cysteine proteases in excretory-secretory product (esp) of paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (pwnem) are capable of degrading igg in vitro. recent evidence suggests that the igg-coated surface, such as found on parasites, is one of the most effective physiologic stimuli for granulocyte activation. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of excretory-secretory product (esp) of pwnem on superoxide production of granulocytes stimulate ...200010905073
[the organ pathology in the acute stage of tissue helminthiases: the role of eosinophilia of the blood and tissues, blood immunoglobulins e and g4 and immune response-inducing factors].the pathogenesis of organic lesions in the early phase of tissue-dwelling helminthic infections has been analyzed and discussed by taking into account the previous findings [8, 9, 12], the results of current clinical and immunological studies [10, 11, 60] in the light of a fundamental literature data review. the products secreted by invasive helminthic larvae and the substances expressed onto their cuticula tegument surface mimic nonspecific [34, 43] and specific [21, 28, 33, 42] modulators of h ...200010981403
separation of calcareous corpuscles from plerocercoids of spirometra mansoni and their binding proteins.calcareous corpuscles, known as mineral concretions in platyhelminthes, may have special biological functions. in the present study we succeeded in the quantitative separation of calcareous corpuscles in plerocercoids of spirometra mansoni (sparganum) using ficoll. purified calcareous corpuscles were reacted with crude extracts of platyhelminthes, including sparganum. proteins commonly binding to calcareous corpuscles were molecules of 10, 17, 22, and 35 kda. a 95-kda molecule was found to bind ...200011002990
proteolytic activity of cysteine protease in excretory-secretory product of paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae pivotally regulates il-8 production of human eosinophils.this study investigated the effect of the excretory-secretory product (esp) of paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (pwnem) on il-8 production of human mature eosinophils. treatment of eosinophils with lower concentrations (0.3 and 1 microg/ml) of the esp significantly (p < 0.01) induced il-8 production, whereas treatment of cells with higher concentrations (3 and 10 microg/ml) did not. this effect of the esp was concentration-dependent. interestingly, the amount of il-8 productio ...200011012979
structural and immunological characteristics of a 28-kilodalton cruzipain-like cysteine protease of paragonimus westermani expressed in the definitive host stage.a complete cdna sequence encoding a 28-kda cruzipain-like cysteine protease of adult paragonimus westermani, termed pw28ccp, was isolated from an adult cdna library. the cdna contained a single open reading frame of 975 bp encoding 325 amino acids, which exhibited the structural motif and domain organization characteristic of cysteine proteases of non-cathepsin bs including a hydrophobic signal sequence, an erfnin motif, and essential cysteine residues as well as active sites in the mature catal ...200011063501
genomes of paragonimus westermani and related species: current state of knowledge.there have been few investigations of genomes of paragonimus westermani and related species. most studies have focussed on questions such as the identities of species and relationships among them, origins and relationships of strains with different ploidy states, and the characterisation of genes producing immunologically significant proteins. in the context of these questions, work on the karyotypes, nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is reviewed.200010731565
excretory-secretory product of newly excysted metacercariae of paragonimus westermani directly induces eosinophil apoptosis.eosinophils are important effector cells in host defense against parasites. excretory-secretory product (esp) produced by helminthic worms plays important roles in the uptake of nutrients, migration in the host tissue, and in immune modulation. however, little is known about the ability of the esp to directly trigger eosinophil apoptosis. this study investigated whether the esp of newly excysted metacercariae of paragonimus westermani could induce apoptosis in human eosinophils. apoptosis was as ...200010743354
pathologic quiz case. pulmonary infestation by paragonimus westermani. 200011100074
shared epitope for monoclonal ir162 between anisakis simplex larvae and clonorchis sinensis and cross-reactivity between antigens.ir162 is a rat monoclonal ige antibody (mab). in the investigation of rat ige production, the antigens recognized by ir162 (ir-ags) were found to be expressed by a variety of helminthic parasites. by western blot analysis, ir162 detected bands in crude extracts of anisakis simplex larvae, clonorchis sinensis, paragonimus westermani, plerocercoids of spirometra mansoni, and toxocara canis. excretory-secretory material from a. simplex larvae also contained a protein recognized by ir162. ir162 mab ...200011128497
molecular phylogeographic studies on paragonimus westermani in asia.the lung fluke, paragonimus westermani (kerbert, 1878), is widely distributed in asia, and exhibits much variation in its biological properties. previous phylogenetic studies using dna sequences have demonstrated that samples from north-east asia form a tight group distinct from samples from south asia (philippines, thailand, malaysia). among countries from the latter region, considerable molecular diversity was observed. this was investigated further using additional dna sequences (partial mito ...200011138020
paragonimiasis and the genus paragonimus.the review concentrates on literature that has appeared since the 1960s. since then, numerous species of paragonimus have been described, mainly from asia but also from africa and the americas. some of these cause disease in humans. recent information on life cycles and routes of transmission is summarized. all described species and their hosts are listed, with synonyms where known. for well-known species such as paragonimus westermani, subspecific taxa and strains are reviewed and genetic studi ...199910050273
infection status of paragonimus westermani metacercariae in crayfish (cambaroides similis) collected from bogildo (islet), wando-gun, chollanam-do, korea.during the period from october 1996 to november 1998, the infection status of paragonimus westermani metacercariae in freshwater crayfish (cambaroides similis) collected from bogildo (islet). wando-gun, chollanam-do, which is known for an endemic area of p. westermani in korea, were examined. the average infection rate of paragonimus metacercariae in crayfish was 88.6%, and mean number of metacercariae per infected crayfish was 30.2. this metacercarial density was the highest in the group of wei ...199910188385
intra- and interindividual variation in its1 of paragonimus westermani (trematoda: digenea) and related species: implications for phylogenetic studies.we investigated the utility of the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (its1) for phylogenetic studies on trematodes of the genus paragonimus. numerous clones containing its1 pcr products were sequenced for p. miyazakii, p. macrorchis, and members of the p. ohirai and p. westermani species complexes. some additional data were obtained by direct sequencing of pcr products. the its1 is composed of three distinct regions: the short 5' end, followed by a tract of approximately 120 nucleotide ...199910222162
genetic diversity in parthenogenetic triploid paragonimus westermani.paragonimus westermani is a medically important foodborne trematode occurring throughout southeast asia. we have used molecular techniques to test the hypothesis that the parthenogenetic triploid form of p. westermani has arisen only once. sources of data for comparison were: (a) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (its); and (b) 'fingerprint' patterns observed when genomic digests were probed with simple sequence repeats (att)10 and (atgt) ...199910579435
cloning of a cysteine proteinase gene from acanthamoeba culbertsoni.free living amoeba, including pathogenic acanthamoeba culbertsoni, are widely distributed in soil and fresh water. it has been found that cysteine proteinases are more active in pathogenic strains of amoeba whereas serine proteinases are found in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. cysteine proteinases thus play important roles in the pathogenesis of several parasitic infections and have been proposed as targets for the structure-based strategy of drug design. as the first step toward app ...199910597037
changes of splenocyte ifn-gamma mrna synthesis in rats infected with paragonimus westermani.changes in the expression level of splenocyte ifn-gamma mrna of sprague-dawley (sd) rats infected with paragonimus westermani were analyzed by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by southern blot. the template rna was extracted from the splenocytes of rats infected with 20 metacercariae of p. westermani. the products of competitive rt-pcr were subjected to southern blot and enhanced chemiluminescence (ecl), and analyzed with a densitometer. in comparison ...199910634046
update on hepatobiliary and pulmonary flukes.hepatobiliary and pulmonary trematodes continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. this article provides a selected update on the clinical features, diagnosis, immunology, treatment, and control of infections caused by clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis species, fasciola hepatica, and paragonimus species. although recent molecular studies have elucidated novel mechanisms of immune evasion in paragonimus westermani and f. hepatica, there are no immediate prospects for a vaccin ...199911095819
[a clinical research for eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongyliasis].to improve the awareness of angiostrongyliasis.199911798667
experimental observation of effects of triclabendazole on paragonimus westermani infection in dogs.to observe the therapeutic effects of triclabendazole in the treatment of dogs with paragonimiasis westermani.199911593536
[effect of triclabendazole on the ultrastructure of body wall and vitelline cells of paragonimus westermani].to observe the ultrastructural changes in the body wall and the vitelline cells of paragonimus westermani in vitro and in vivo before and after triclabendazole treatment.199912563729
[biological characteristics of the juvenile paragonimus westermani].to observe the biological characteristics of the juvenile of paragonimus westermani.199912563738
[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against clonorchis sinensis].to develop and identify monoclonal antibody (mcab) against adult clonorchis sinensis.199812078207
[discussion on two ecological aspects of paragonimus westermani cercaria]. 199812078297
scanning electron microscopy of newly excysted metacercariae of paragonimus westermani-like, nakhon nayok, thailand.scanning electron microscope (sem) observation of surface structure was done on newly excysted metacercariae of paragonimus westermani-like (nakhon nayok, thailand). the surface of the body was covered with numerous single-pointed tegumentary spines, large dome-shaped papillae, small one with a pit, and small one with a smooth surface were situated around the suckers. there were 27 to 30 of the small dome-shaped papillae with a pit around the oral sucker and 10 to 13 of the small ones with a smo ...199810772558
human lung fluke paragonimus heterotremus: differential diagnosis between paragonimus heterotremus and paragonimus westermani infections by eitb.the specificity of three major polypeptides (35, 33 and 32.5 kd) from paragonimus heterotremus antigens prepared from ether-extracted adult worms was tested against sera from heterologous infections as well as against p. westermani-infected sera. only the 35 kd polypeptide was not present, its antigenic determinant being bound to the antibodies from all p. westermani-infected cases. its cross-reactivity against various sera from heterologous helminthiases and other lung infections showed that it ...19989484969
paragonimiasis westermani presenting as an asymptomatic nodular lesion in the lung: report of a case.a 57-year-old man with a history of having consumed fresh-water crab 8 months previously presented with a solitary mass lesion in the left lung without any symptoms. since neoplastic disease could not be ruled out, an open biopsy was performed, and histological examination confirmed a definite diagnosis of paragonimiasis. a high level of the anti-paragonimus westermani antibody was detected in the sera of the patient, but this level decreased substantially 3 months after chemotherapy with bithio ...19989505330
a clonorchis sinensis-specific antigen that detects active human clonorchiasis.a clonorchis sinensis-specific antigen in excretory-secretory product of c. sinensis (cse) was assessed in human clonorchiasis by immunoblot. thirty and 7 kda antigens of cse2, one of four different batches of cses reacted strongly with infection sera from clonorchiasis patients; however, the antigens reacted weakly with 6-month post-treatment sera from praziquantel-cured cases, but were still highly detected by the sera from praziquantel-failed patients, indicating that the 30 and 7 kda antigen ...19989529862
identification of a new fluke allergen identified by monoclonal ige antibodies for paragonimus miyazakii.ige-producing hybridomas were acquired from fusing splenic cells to myeloma cells of balb/c mice infected with paragonimus miyazakii. with the use of the monoclonal antibody (mab)xige obtained, the localization of the allergen in p. miyazakii, as well as its molecular weight, was evaluated. the allergen was present in the gut epithelium and luminal contents of adult flukes. because this allergen was absent in the related species paragonimus westermani and paragonimus ohirai, we believe that it i ...19989576503
immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass and ige responses in human paragonimiases caused by three different species.in 40 cases of human paragonimiases caused by paragonimus westermani (20 cases), p. miyazakii (10 cases), and p. skrjabini (10 cases), responses of serum immunoglobulin g (igg), igg subclasses, and ige were analyzed by immunoblotting with crude antigens prepared from egg, 4-week-old juvenile, and adult forms of p. westermani. the 32- and 35-kda proteins in the adult extracts showed specific reactions regardless of the causative species (39 of 40 cases; 98%). sera of patients infected with p. wes ...19989665951
cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis and fascioliasis.an elisa was developed using chicken cystatin as a capture agent for the immunodiagnosis of paragonimiasis and fascioliasis. the assay detected specific antibodies to fluke cysteine proteinases without the need for purified proteinases. an elisa plate was sensitized with chicken egg white cystatin, incubated with excretory-secretory (es) products of adult flukes, and standard elisa procedures were then followed. the elisa plates incubated with the es products of paragonimus westermani and fascio ...19989715948
effects of anti-ige mab on serum ige, fc epsilon rii/cd23 expression on splenic b cells and worm burden in mice infected with paragonimus westermani.it is generally accepted that parasite-specific ige plays a crucial role in host defense against helminthic parasites. however, the role of high levels of nonspecific ige in helminthic infections is still controversial. to investigate the role of nonspecific ige in primary infections with p. westermani, the effect of anti-ige mab treatment on serum ige, fc epsilon rii/cd23 expression and worm burden in paragonimus-infected mice were examined. in mice treated with anti-ige antibody, the total ige ...19979100439
activities of different cysteine proteases of paragonimus westermani in cleaving human igg.cleaving host immunoglobulins is a well known mechanism of evading host immune reactions exploited by helminth parasites. secreted cysteine proteases of helminth are a part of enzymes cleaving host igg. paragonimus westermani produces at least six different species of the cysteine protease in its developmental stages. this study was undertaken to evaluate comparatively the activities against human igg by the different enzymes. when the metacercariae, which secrete 27 and 28 kda cysteine protease ...19979241989
cloning of a cysteine proteinase cdna of adult paragonimus westermani by polymerase chain reaction.cysteine proteinase cdna fragment from adult mammalian trematode, paragonimus westermani was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from conserved cysteine proteinase sequences. the 5' and the 3' regions of the cysteine proteinase gene were amplified using the pcr protocol for the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). it has an open reading frame of 804 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence consists of 268 amino aci ...19979264019
variation of antigenic proteins of eggs and developmental stages of paragonimus westermani.diagnosis of early paragonimiasis is difficult because parasitological evidence is not easily obtained. antibody tests have been proposed as a good substitute for classical diagnostic techniques. using the crude extracts of paragonimus westermani eggs, metacercariae, 4- and 7-week juveniles, and 16-week adults as antigens, we observed the early antibody responses. sera were obtained from 4 experimental cats, fed 50 metacercariae each, at intervals until 13 weeks post-infection. antibody (igg) re ...19979335185
geographical genetic structure within the human lung fluke, paragonimus westermani, detected from dna sequences.nucleotide sequences were obtained for the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene repeat and for part of the mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene from geographical isolates of paragonimus westermani from japan, china, korea, taiwan, the philippines, peninsular malaysia and thailand. sequences were obtained from several other species of paragonimus for comparative purposes. two groups were recognized within p. westermani: an ne group (china, japan, korea, taiwan) wh ...19979364568
cysteine protease activities during maturation stages of paragonimus westermani.in mature paragonimus westermani, specific activity of parasitic cysteine protease declines. to clarify which of the known 17-, 27-, and 28-kda enzyme activities is decreased, the cysteine proteases were purified from the crude extracts of metacercariae, 4- and 7-wk juveniles, and 16-wk adults by gel filtration, ion-exchange, and affinity matrix chromatographies; the enzyme activity was monitored with the fluorogenic substrate, cbz-phe-arg-amc. in addition to 3 known enzymes, 2 other cysteine pr ...19979379296
discovery of encysted paragonimus westermani eggs in the omentum of an asymptomatic elderly woman.we report a case of asymptomatic chronic infiltrate of the omentum by eggs of paragonimus westermani in an elderly woman who had immigrated to taiwan from mainland china 46 years ago. the patient had a habit of eating raw freshwater crabs from the lakes of eastern china during her period of residence in that country. she stopped eating raw crabs after coming to taiwan 20 years ago. during surgery for a peptic ulcer complicated by severe bleeding in 1995, her omentum was found to contain many sma ...19979392605
dermal mast cell responses in paragonimus westermani-infected mice.this study was carried out to determine whether dermal mast cell responses to paragonimus westermani in an abnormal host, the mouse, were dependent on the site of metacercarial inoculation. in mice during subcutaneous infection, the number of dermal mast cells were increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the first week (38.3/mm2) and then persisted at a high level until the sixth week (45.2/mm2) of infection compared with pbs-injected (control) mice (range: 19.4-25.1/mm2). in mice during oral infe ...19979446907
antigen detection assay to monitor the efficacy of praziquantel for treatment of paragonimus westermani infections. 19968730310
[paragonimus westermani pulmonary distomatosis in gabon. first case]. 19968760633
production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 by splenocytes in mice infected with paragonimus westermani.the th cytokine responses of spleen cells stimulated with con a from mice infected with paragonimus westermani were examined. the spleen cell culture supernatants were assayed for th1-specific ifn-gamma and th2-specific il-4. cytokine responses for il-4 peaked at three days (410 +/- 60.9 pg/ml), persisted at a high level until the second week (343 +/- 59.0 pg/ml), and then decreased slowly four and six weeks after infection. ifn-gamma production by splenocytes only increased during the first wee ...19968843694
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using cysteine proteinase antigens for immunodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis.an enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (elisa) using worm extract antigens from lung flukes of paragonimus westermani provided good sensitivity to sera from patients with paragonimiasis westermani but high cross-reactivity with sera from most fascioliasis patients and some patients with onchocerciasis or clonorchiasis. to improve the specificity, we tested an elisa using fluke cysteine proteinases as antigens. cysteine proteinases were partially purified from the excretory/secretory products of p. ...19968916802
the oocyte of triploid fluke receiving intrusion of sperm from a diploid fluke--evidence for the origin of tetraploids in paragonimus westermani.an experiment was conducted to elucidate the origin of tetraploids (2n = 4x = 44) of paragonimus westermani that occur together with diploid (2n = 2x = 22) and triploid (2n = 3x = 33) types in liaoning province, the people's republic of china. metacercariae of the diploid type, obtained from hyogo prefecture, japan, and those of the triploid type from tsushima, nagasaki prefecture, japan, were mixed and inoculated into dogs and cats. the following results were obtained. the flukes were found in ...19968973404
a cysteine protease of paragonimus westermani eggs.protease activity was identified in crude extracts of paragonimus westermani eggs which were purified from infected dog lungs, isolated on 14 weeks after metacercarial challenge. the eggs were used after removing possibly contaminated host or worm tissues on their shell surfaces. in the crude egg extracts, high proteolytic activities against carboxybenzoyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide (cbz-phe-arg-mna) and azocoll were detected whereas those against succinyl-alanyl-prolyl- p ...19958591010
tetraploids of the lung fluke paragonimus westermani found in china.two groups of paragonimus westermani (tematoda: platyhelminthes) exist in nature: diploids and triploids. generally, these two groups live allopatrically, but in kuandian, liaoning province, in the republic of china, they live sympatrically. in our chinese experiment on paragonimus we used metacercariae of p. westermani, which we collected in kuandian, xigutai, and performed a cytological analysis. the results were as follows: (1) the p. westermani in xigutai lived sympatrically as diploids and ...19957479656
purification and characterization of acid cysteine protease from metacercariae of the mammalian trematode parasite paragonimus westermani.acid cysteine protease was purified from metacercariae of the mammalian trematode parasite paragonimus westermani. the purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 27 kda and was a monomeric polypeptide. the protease had an absolute requirement for a reducing agent for full activity towards fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled hemoglobin, and it was active in the acidic ph range, with an optimum ph of 4.0. while acidic proteolysis was insensitive to the aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin a, activity ...19957588793
extraordinarily high eosinophilia and elevated serum interleukin-5 level observed in a patient infected with paragonimus westermani.although eosinophilia is one of the typical clinical features of some helminth infections, the degree of eosinophilia in helminthiasis is usually 10% to 30% with a total white blood cell count of 10,000 to 20,000/mm3. here we report a case of extraordinarily high eosinophilia (91%; absolute eosinophil count, 84,000/mm3) caused by paragonimus westermani infection. to determine the mechanisms of eosinophilia, the levels of several eosinophilopoietic cytokines in the patient's sera were measured du ...19957630699
excystment of paragonimus westermani metacercariae by endogenous cysteine protease.to infect definitive or paratenic hosts, metacercariae of paragonimus westermani should excyst in the host intestine. optimum conditions for the excystment have been known to be ph 8-9 and a temperature of 40 c. under these conditions, excystment of p. westermani metacercariae was accelerated in the presence of 1 mm dithiothreitol (dtt). the dtt acceleration was antagonized dose-dependently by cysteine protease inhibitors of l-trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (e-64, 2-20 microm) ...19957707186
[the biology of paragonimus westermani ichunensis in the maritime territory. experimental research].it has been experimentally found that larval and pulmonary paragonimiasis types are caused by the trematode paragonimus westermani ichunensis. the development of either paragonimiasis in nontypical definitive hosts depends on the stage of larval development when they penetrate into the mammal. only the p. westermani ichunensis trematode is likely to develop with the participation of juga mollusks on the territory of the primorye.19947715551
[report on the first nationwide survey of the distribution of human parasites in china. 1. regional distribution of parasite species].a nationwide (taiwan province not included) survey of the distribution of human parasites in china during 1988-1992 was conducted under the auspices of the ministry of public health, with stratified masses randomly sampling. a total of 2,848 pilot sites in 726 counties with a population of 1,477,742 were surveyed, according to unified standard, unified diagnostic method and control quality. the overall infection rate of parasites was 62. 632%. among them, the infection rate was over 50% in 17 pr ...19947720194
[the epizootiological problems of trematodiases in the maritime territory].five species of trematodes: metagonimus yokogawai, m. katsuradai, centrocestus armatus, nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi and paragonimus westermani ichunensis which are able to infect man have been found to develop with the participation of mollusks of the juga genus from the rivers of the maritime territory. some epizootiological aspects of the infections caused by these trematodes are considered in the paper.19947799852
characterization of a cysteine proteinase from adult worms of paragonimus westermani.paragonimus westermani, the lung fluke, is known to migrate to the pulmonary tissue of mammalian hosts and causes pathological changes in the lungs. an acidic thiol-dependent proteinase with a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 daltons was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. on sds-page, the molecular weight of the enzyme was 17,500 daltons. isoelectric point was 6.45. the enzyme was similar to the acidic cysteine proteinase of verte ...19947834240
infectivity of paragonimus westermani developing in a final host to another final host.in the definitive hosts, metacercariae of paragonimus westermani excyst in host duodenum, penetrate intestinal wall, migrate peritoneal and thoracic cavities, and develop to sexual maturity in 8 weeks. this study was undertaken to examine the age of the maturing p. westermani when their infectivity to the other definitive hosts was retained. on 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after feeding the metacercariae to cats through a gastric tube, the developing worms were harvested. the juveniles of differ ...19947834247
mitochondrial dna differentiation of japanese diploid and triploid paragonimus westermani.restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial dna was carried out in order to differentiate diploid and triploid types of paragonimus westermani originating from japan. it was found that out of 16 restriction enzymes. psti, haeiii and rsai revealed consistently different cleavage patterns between the two types.19947911816
[parasitic circulating antigens in hosts with filaria bancrofti].the elisa and dot-elisa with rabbit anti-setaria labial-papillosa antibody were applied to determine circulating antigens of filaria bancrofti. the total positive rate was 96% (24/25) in the sera of patients with microfilaremia from endemic areas, anhui province. the total positive rate of urines was 60% (15/25) in the same patients. the positive rates of the milks were both 100% (4/4) in the same patients. the conformity rate was 100% and 75% respectively for positive sera and urines (15 cases) ...19947922752
cloning of a cdna encoding a neutral thiol protease from paragonimus westermani metacercariae. 19947935613
paragonimus westermani ova in pleural effusion. 19947956671
experimental transfer of paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes.in order to investigate the experimental transfer of paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes, 13 rats and 23 mice were inoculated with a total of 115 (1 mature and 114 immature) worms of p. westermani subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. the age of worms before transfer was 25-193 days. the transfer was performed immediately after worm collection from rodents which were killed at various intervals from 4 to 144 days after infection. the l ...19948006383
sparganum infections in normal adult population and epileptic patients in korea: a seroepidemiologic observation.a seroepidemiologic observation of anti-spirometra erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) antibody (igg) in serum was made in normal adult and epileptic patients in korea from february, 1987 to september, 1990. sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anti-sparganum antibody together with anti-taenia solium metacestode, and anti-paragonimus westermani antibodies. sera reacted positively to sparganum antigen only were considered. positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 85 ...19948025037
respiratory chain of the lung fluke paragonimus westermani: facultative anaerobic mitochondria.the respiratory chain of adult paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke, was characterized in isolated mitochondria. the fluke mitochondria exhibited cyanide- and antimycin a-sensitive succinate oxidase activity at a rate of 16.8 nmol o2 min-1 mg-1 protein. the succinate oxidation was shown to be stimulated by adp and linked to the formation of membrane potential. the specific activities of oxidoreductases composing the succinate oxidase system, i.e., succinate-ubiquinone and succinate--cytochrome c ...19948031121
immunosuppression by a neutral thiol protease from parasitic helminth larvae in mice.the composition and immunological suppression of a novel proteinaceous material, a neutral thiol protease (ntp), isolated from the metacercaria of the helminth paragonimus westermani are reported. from cdna cloning and sequencing, the protease was found to be composed of 215 amino acid residues and closely resembled the known cysteine proteases. treatment of adult mice with the enzyme suppressed the delayed footpad reaction and haemagglutinin antibody production, and reduced expression of the ma ...19948072769
[two cases of paragonimus westermani in one family].a 68-year-old woman and her 28-year-old son ate some rare fresh-water crabs (eriocheir japonicus). the son became ill one month later with pleural effusion. after 10 months the mother's symptoms included cough, hemosputum and a nodular shadow on her chest x-ray. eosinophilia was present and the ouchterlony test showed strong bands toward paragonimus westermani antigen in both patients. they were diagnosed as having paragonimiasis westermani. the symptoms stopped after bithionol administration an ...19948084104
[second report on intestinal parasites among the patients of seoul paik hospital (1984-1992)].the results of fecal examination for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in seoul paik hospital during 1984-1992 are reported. fecal specimens of a total of 52,552 out- or inpatients were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and/or direct smear method. the overall egg positive rate of helminths was 6.5% and the cyst positive rate of protozoa 2.5%. the egg positive rate (number of positive cases) for each species of helminth was; clonorchis sinensis 3.2% (1,667), trichuris trichiura 2.0% (1,089 ...19948167105
changes of ige production, splenic helper and suppressor t lymphocytes in mice infected with paragonimus westermani.effects of paragonims westermani infection were observed in mice on the change of serum ige level, the number of peripheral eosinophils and the distribution of thy 1.2+ (cd3), l3t4+ (cd4), and lyt-2+ (cd8) splenic t lymphocytes without mitogen stimulation. balb/c mice were infected with 20 metacercariae of p. westermani each. total serum ige increased at 3 weeks after the infection and reached a peak on week 4 and maintained high levels of ige until the 23rd week. peripheral eosinophil numbers i ...19938241082
characterization of a peroxidase in excretory-secretory product of adult paragonimus westermani.when activity of peroxidase in adult paragonimus westermani was monitored using o-dianisidine and h2o2 as substrates, its specific activity was 1.5 times higher in excretory-secretory product (esp) than in crude extract. the enzyme was purified by two purification steps of sephacryl s-300 superfine gel permeation and deae-trisacryl m anion exchange chromatographies. its activity increased 16.9 fold with 32.3% recovery. the enzyme was inhibited totally by 1 millimoles of dithiothreitol (dtt), 2-m ...19938241085
protein composition and antigenicity of the tegument from paragonimus westermani.to ascertain that tegument of paragonimus westermani has specific antigenic proteins, the tegumental fraction was isolated from 10-month-old worms by 0.1% digitonin solution, and subjected to sds-page and immunoblot. component proteins of tegumental syncytium comprised of 94, 74 (76-66), 62, 54, 44, 42, 38, 28, 26, 25, 24, 17, 15.5 and 13. 5 kda proteins. of them, the 94, 44 and 42 kda proteins were more specific to tegument, especially the 94 kda protein was the most prevailing one. in immunobl ...19938241086
[a case of pelvic paragonimiasis combined with myoma uteri and pelvic inflammatory disease].paragonimus westermani is a lung fluke of humans that is usually found in the lungs but may be found elsewhere in many unusual locations. a case of pelvic paragonimiasis was found incidentally by surgical intervention of inflammatory disease and myoma uteri. she was a 51-year-old korean woman complaining of lower abdominal pain and intermittent vaginal spotting. numerous paragonimus ova were observed in the resected omentum in the pelvis after total abdominal hysterectomy. it is suggested that p ...19938241090
trematode infections. opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, and paragonimiasis.the parasitic diseases of the liver and lung are caused by trematodes or flukes--opisthorchis viverrini, o. felineus, fasciola hepatica, and paragonimus westermani. humans get infected by eating the second intermediate host of the fluke, for example, fish, crab, or water plant. the disease runs a chronic course. the diagnosis is made by the recover of eggs in stools or sputum, or by serodiagnosis. praziquantel is the drug of choice except in falcioliaisis.19938254167
studies on host specificity in paragonimus westermani: ultrastructural study of inflammatory reactions to the parasite in rat muscles.inflammatory reactions to the lung fluke, paragonimus westermani, in an abnormal host, the rat, were studied by electron microscopy. inflammatory cells accumulated around the worms in rat muscles, but the reaction varied significantly in intensity as well as distribution of inflammatory cells from worm to worm in the same and different hosts. in an accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates around the worm, eosinophils were more commonly seen, and neutrophils and macrophages were fewer in number. ...19938300285
[a case of paragonimiasis westermani diagnosed on the observation of parasitic ova in bronchial washing fluid and successfully treated with praziquantel].a 41-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of cough and dirty hemosputum. roentgenogram and ct scan of the chest revealed a cavitary nodule in the s1+2 of the left lung. after administration of antibiotics (cfix, aspc, fmox, cldm), the cavities were disappeared but the size of the nodule remained unchanged. because the possibility of lung cancer could not be excluded, we underwent transbronchial brushing and bronchial lavage. then, parasitic ova of paragonimus westermani was detected in b ...19938320468
serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis by elisa-inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies.elisa-inhibition test using paragonimus westermani specific monoclonal antibody (mab) was investigated to improve the diagnostic specificity of paragonimiasis. by cell fusion, one hybridoma clone secreting anti-p. westermani specific mab was selected (pwa-14), which reacted on bands of 28 kda, 42.5 kda, 89 kda and 120.5 kda. ifa showed pwa-14 was located at the vitelline follicles. by micro-elisa, 100% of 22 paragonimiasis cases were found positive, but 5 of 40 clonorchiasis cases (12.5%), 3 of ...19938343456
experimental infection of paragonimus westermani in mice and rats.to determine the infectivity and maturity of metacercariae of paragonimus westermani after keeping at low temperature for a long period, 45 mice and 45 rats were each infected with 20 metacercariae which were kept at 4 degrees c for 8 to 234 days. the worm recovery in mice increased with age of worm and reached a peak of 32% at 41-50 days and then decreased with age. the rate in rats first decreased to a lowest point of 6% at 71-100 days and then increased with age. in 42 infected mice and 41 in ...19938343461
diagnosis of active paragonimus westermani infections with a monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection assay.we evaluated the performance of dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays designed to detect species- and stage-specific antigens of paragonimus westermani in sera with monoclonal antibodies as serodiagnostic tests for active paragonimiasis. sera from all donors with parasitologically confirmed infections with p. westermani contained adult worm antigens, as did a high proportion of sera from persons suspected to be infected with this parasite. a smaller proportion of these sera also contained metac ...19938372955
antigenic protein fractions of metagonimus yokogawai reacting with patient sera.antibody test is sometimes necessary for the diagnosis of acute human metagonimiasis because eggs may not be detected in stool. the antibody test (elisa) was evaluated for its significance by reacting human sera from clinically diagnosed metagonimiasis, fascioliasis, clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis with 4 crude extracts of metagonimus yokogawai (metacercariae), adults of fasciola hepatica, clonorchis sinensis and paragonimus westermani. by elisa, 10 of 11 metagonimiasis sera showed the highest ...19938512898
diploid paragonimus westermani: the experimental completion of its life-cycle.experimental completion of the life-cycle of paragonimus westermani (trematoda: troglotrematidae) (diploid type) from egg to adult has been achieved in the laboratory for the first time. a dog was fed metacercariae of p. westermani from naturally infected freshwater crabs. geothelphusa dehaani. the adult flukes were recovered and their eggs were incubated in water at 28 degrees c, hatching after 20 days. laboratory reared marsh snails, semisulcospira libertina, were exposed to miracidia from emb ...19938132968
paragonimiasis in manipur.a survey was undertaken in the east district of imphal valley of manipur, india, using an intradermal test with saline extract of adult paragonimus westermani as test antigen to find out the prevalence of paragonimiasis and some of the epidemiological factors attributable to it. a total of 3,467 individuals of both sexes aged five years and above were tested. a total of 2934 persons admitted eating crabs and among them 234 were found reactive to paragonimus antigen. the prevalence rate observed ...19938144207
[comparison of the repetitive dna sequences between paragonimus westermani and pagumogonimus skrjabini from six areas].the genomic dna of the two lung flukes (p. westermani and p. skrjabini) from six areas was digested separately by three restriction endonucleases bamhi, hae iii and hind iii, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. repetitive dna were visualized as distinct bands in stained gels. restriction fragment length differences were detected between the two species. the majority of bands of repetitive dna were similar with minor differences within the same species collected from different areas, upon di ...19938082267
[observation on metacercariae of paragonimus westermani by transmission electron microscopy].the ultrastructure of metacercariae of paragonimus westermani was observed by transmission electron microscopy. the worm is composed of integument, parenchyma, gut and excretory sac. the integument consists of tegument, muscular layer and tegumental cell. the tegument, a syncytium, includes tegumental membrane, tegumental cytoplasm, and basal plasma membrane. on the surface of the tegument, many finger-like processes with branches and spines can be readily identified. the spines projecting beyon ...19921307281
activities of scavenging enzymes of oxygen radicals in early maturation stages of paragonimus westermani.in early maturation stages of paragonimus westermani (metacercariae, 4-, 8-, 12-week old worms), activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, were examined. specific activity of catalase was the highest in metacercariae and decreasing with age. that of superoxide dismutase was higher in metacercariae and 4-week worms. specific activity of peroxidase was at its peak in 4-week worms while that of glutathione peroxidase was in 8-w ...19921338422
[a case of paragonimiasis westermani with pleural effusion eight months after migrating subcutaneous induration of the abdominal wall].patients with paragonimiasis westermani show a typical ring form or nodular shadow on chest x-ray, cough, sputum, and hemosputum. recently, case reports of paragonimiasis westermani, accompanied by pneumothorax and pleural effusion, as for paragonimiasis miyazakii, have been increasing. paragonimus westermani often causes an ectopic infection in various organs such as the peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, pericardium, liver, adrenal gland and brain. cutaneous paragonimiasis is considered one of ...19921387180
[comparative analysis of amino acids of metacercaria and larvae of diploid and triploid of paragonimus westermani].the diploid type of paragonimus westermani in heilongjiang province and triploid type of p. westermani in liaoning province were examined for amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). eleven kinds of amino-acids of diploid type and 15 kinds of triploid type were found in metacercaria; 15 kinds amino acids of diploid type and 16 kinds of triploid type were detected in larvae. the amino acids were more abundant in larvae than in metacercaria and more in the triploid than in the ...19921394896
effect of cobalt-60 irradiation on the infectivity of paragonimus westermani metacercariae.a study was made to observe the effect of cobalt-60 irradiation on the viability of paragonimus westermani metacercariae in sinopotamon chekiangense crabs. the crabs were collected in mountain regions of the zhejiang province of china in which paragonimiasis is endemic. adult cats and albino mice were infected with metacercariae irradiated at different doses. dissection of the host animals was conducted 90 or 30 days, respectively, after infection for recovery of lung flukes. anti-metacercariae ...19921403430
a comparative ultrastructural and histochemical study of the metacercarial cyst walls of four species of paragonimus (troglotrematidae: trematoda).the metacercarial cyst walls of paragonimus westermani, p. miyazakii, p. ohirai, and p. iloktsuenensis were examined using ultrastructural and histochemical techniques. the cyst walls of p. westermani, p. miyazakii, and p. ohirai were found to have five distinct layers, whereas the wall of p. iloktsuenensis had only two. the so-called outer cyst wall recognized on light microscopy by miyazaki (1961) was composed of layers i-iii and the so-called inner cyst wall comprised layers iv and v. the out ...19921438130
electrophoretic evidence of a hybrid origin for tetraploid paragonimus westermani discovered in northeastern china. 19921438142
pulmonary paragonimiasis. report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.we report a case of paragonimiasis in a nigerian woman evaluated for symptoms of chronic respiratory disease five years after chemotherapy for primary lymphoma of the breast. fine needle aspiration of one of two fibrocavitary pulmonary lesions yielded thick, brown material in which ova diagnostic of paragonimus westermani were identified cytologically. this disease is unusual in natives of north america but is seen in travelers and immigrants from asia, africa, and south and central america, whe ...19921546510
[antigenic localities in the tissues of paragonimus westermani by developmental stages using immunogold labeling method].in order to observe the antigenic localization in the tissues of paragonimus westermani of developmental stages, immunogold labeling method was applied using serum of the cats which were infected with isolated metacercariae from cambaroides similis. the sectioned worm tissues from each developmental stage were embedded in lowicryl hm 20 medium, stained with infected serum igg and protein a gold complex (particle size: 12 nm) and observed by electron microscopy. in the young adult worm tissue of ...19921576108
[blastogenesis of splenic lymphocytes to specific antigens and pha in paragonimus westermani infected mice].paragonimus westermani is a common fluke in korea. the present study aimed to observe the cell mediated immune response in experimental paragonimiasis of mice. the mouse (balb/c) was orally inoculated with 40 metacercariae of p. westermani from cambaroides similis. during the infection (1, 2, 4, 6 weeks) of mouse, blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes to p. westermani adult antigen, metacercaria antigen, and pha were observed. sera from infected and noninfected mice added to normal mouse s ...19921576112
reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes four and six of paragonimus westermani from the philippines.c-banding patterns have been observed in 14 specimens of paragonimus westermani from jaro, leyte, the philippines. one of them showed mutations of 2 chromosomes in spreads. comparative analysis of c-banding patterns between the individual and standard type clarified that the mutant resulted from a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 4 and 6.19921597807
tissue origin of soluble component proteins in saline extract of adult paragonimus westermani.tissue origin of individual component proteins in crude extract of adult paragonimus westermani was investigated. major soluble component proteins were separated by disc-page in 8% slab gel. by predefined rf values, strips of gel containing each band protein was cut out. each band protein was eluted by electrophoresis. monospecific antibodies were prepared by immunizing rabbits with each band protein. when peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining was done, antiserum to band 1 reacted to content ...19921627508
characterization of stage-specific antigens of paragonimus westermani.in order to develop a serodiagnostic assay to detect antigens of paragonimus westermani in biological specimens, we generated monoclonal antibodies to antigens of metacercariae and adult worms, and partially characterized the epitopes recognized by representative mabs. metacercarial stage-specific determinants were periodate-sensitive and protease-resistant, indicating that they are carbohydrate epitopes. in contrast, adult worm-specific determinants resisted periodate treatment but were sensiti ...19911705104
the localization of allergens of paragonimus westermani by pleural exudates from patients.the allergens of the lung fluke paragonimus westermani were localized by indirect immunostaining in adult fluke sections using pleural exudates from 3 patients with p. westermani. immunostaining performed by using pleural exudate with the highest level of specific ige revealed that the p. westermani major allergen (or allergens) was located in the gut epithelium and luminal contents and that minor allergens were in the tegument and parenchyma. the antigens recognized by specific igg were located ...19911779297
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