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rapid and sensitive multiplex detection of burkholderia pseudomallei-specific antibodies in melioidosis patients based on a protein microarray approach.the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis with a high case-fatality rate in tropical and subtropical regions. direct pathogen detection can be difficult, and therefore an indirect serological test which might aid early diagnosis is desirable. however, current tests for antibodies against b. pseudomallei, including the reference indirect haemagglutination assay (iha), lack sensitivity, specificity and standardization. consequently, serological ...201627427979
improved multilocus sequence typing of burkholderia pseudomallei and closely related species.the burkholderiapseudomallei multilocus sequence typing (mlst) database (http://pubmlst.org/bpseudomallei/) contains the largest global sequence repository for b. pseudomallei and its closest genetic relatives. using conventional mlst and in silico mlst data derived from publicly available whole-genome sequences, we first defined the phylogenetic relatedness of b. pseudomallei and its nearest neighbours. based on this analysis, we propose that the recently described b. pseudomallei complex (bpc) ...201627412128
experimental phage therapy for burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen intrinsically resistant to a variety of antibiotics. phages have been developed for use as an alternative treatment therapy, particularly for bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics. in this study, we investigated the use of phages to treat cells infected with b. pseudomallei. phage c34 isolated from seawater was purified and characterised on the basis of its host range and morphology usin ...201627387381
burkholderia pseudomallei rapidly infects the brain stem and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve after intranasal inoculation.infection with burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in australia and 40% in southeast asia). neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (cns) is unknown. we have previously demonstrated that b. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within ...201627382023
brainstem micro-abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in a 10-month-old infant: a case report.melioidosis is an uncommon tropical infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. neurological complications of melioidosis are extremely uncommon in infants. a 10-month-old girl is described who presented with disseminated melioidosis with subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, hepatomegaly and a lung cavity, and developed a left medial rectus palsy. cranial mri demonstrated mid-brain, pontine and basal ganglia micro-abscesses. therapy with meropenem and cotrimoxazole led to resolution of t ...201627376438
burkholderia pseudomallei differentially regulates host innate immune response genes for intracellular survival in lung epithelial cells.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis poses a serious threat to humankind. b. pseudomallei secretes numerous virulence proteins that alter host cell functions to escape from intracellular immune sensors. however, the events underlying disease pathogenesis are poorly understood.201627367858
melioidosis in travelers returning from vietnam to france. 201627532771
burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm promotes adhesion, internalization and stimulates proinflammatory cytokines in human epithelial a549 cells.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. inhalational exposure leading to pulmonary melioidosis is the most common clinical manifestation with significant mortality. however, the role of b. pseudomallei biofilm phenotype during bacterial-host interaction remains unclear. we hypothesize that biofilm phenotype may play a role in such interactions. in this study, b. pseudomallei h777 (biofilm wild type), b. pseudomallei m10 (biofilm mutant) and b. pseudomallei ...201627529172
melioidosis: a rare cause of liver abscess.case presentation. this is a case of a 44-year-old male, farmer, known to be diabetic, presenting with two-week history of vague abdominal pain associated with high grade fever. abdominal ct scan showed localized liver abscess at segment 8 measuring 7.5 × 6.8 × 6.1 cm. patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic ultrasound guided pigtail insertion for drainage of abscess. culture studies showed moderate growth of burkholderia pseudomallei in which the patient completed seven days of iv meropenem ...201627529039
burkholderia thailandensis: growth and laboratory maintenance.burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium found in tropical soils. closely related to several human pathogens, its ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth in the laboratory, and low virulence make b. thailandensis a commonly used model organism. this unit describes the fundamental protocols for in vitro growth and maintenance of b. thailandensis in the laboratory. © 2016 by john wiley & sons, inc.201627517336
melioidosis: series of eight cases.melioidosis caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is a very serious infection and has been sporadically reported from the indian subcontinent. this disease entity can have acute and chronic presentations involving different organ systems. the purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors, clinical presentations, therapy and outcome of culture proven cases of melioidosis.201627735148
identification of candidate host cell factors required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei.intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor bima. located at one pole of the bacterium, bima recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to bima-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. we identified a group of cellular proteins tha ...201627934296
glibenclamide impairs responses of neutrophils against burkholderia pseudomallei by reduction of intracellular glutathione.the major risk factor for melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by b. pseudomallei, is diabetes mellitus. more than half of diabetic melioidosis patients in thailand were prescribed glibenclamide. recent evidence demonstrates that glibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) of diabetic individuals in response to this bacterial infection. however, the mechanisms by which glibenclamide affects cytokine production are unknown. we found that ...201627713554
burkholderia pseudomallei resistance to antibiotics in biofilm-induced conditions is related to efflux pumps.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has been found to increase its resistance to antibiotics when growing as a biofilm. the resistance is related to several mechanisms. one of the possible mechanisms is the efflux pump. using bioinformatics analysis, it was found that bpsl1661, bpsl1664 and bpsl1665 were orthologous genes of the efflux transporter encoding genes for biofilm-related antibiotic resistance, pa1874-pa1877 genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1. expres ...201627702426
soil nutrient depletion is associated with the presence of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium and the cause of melioidosis, which kills an estimated 89,000 people per year worldwide. agricultural workers are at high risk of infection due to repeated exposure to the bacterium. little is known about the soil physicochemical properties associated with the presence or absence of the organism. here, we evaluated the soil physicochemical properties and presence of b. pseudomallei in 6,100 soil samples collected from 61 rice fields in thail ...201627694236
nematode peptides with host-directed anti-inflammatory activity rescue caenorhabditis elegans from a burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is among a growing number of bacterial pathogens that are increasingly antibiotic resistant. antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been investigated as an alternative approach to treat microbial infections, as generally, there is a lower likelihood that a pathogen will develop resistance to amps. in this study, 36 candidate caenorhabditis elegans genes that encode secreted peptides of <150 amino acids and previously shown to be overexpr ...201627672387
analyses of the distribution patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei and associated phages in soil samples in thailand suggest that phage presence reduces the frequency of bacterial isolation.burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil saprophytic bacterium that causes melioidosis. the infection occurs through cutaneous inoculation, inhalation or ingestion. bacteriophages (phages) in the same ecosystem may significantly impact the biology of this bacterium in the environment, and in their culturability in the laboratory.201627668750
burkholderia pseudomallei: challenges for the clinical microbiology laboratory.melioidosis is a potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei clinical diagnosis of melioidosis can be challenging since there is no pathognomonic clinical syndrome, and the organism is often misidentified by methods used routinely in clinical laboratories. although the disease is more prevalent in thailand and northern australia, sporadic cases may be encountered in areas where it is not endemic, including the united states. since the organism is considered a ti ...201627654336
involvement of l-selectin expression in burkholderia pseudomallei-infected monocytes invading the brain during murine melioidosis.the development of neurologic melioidosis was linked to the elicitation of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected l-selectin(hi)cd11b(+) balb/c cells in our previous study. however, whether monocytic l-selectin (cd62l, encoded by the sell gene) is a key factor remains uncertain. in the present study, after establishing multi-organ foci via hematogenous routes, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei gfp steadily persisted in blood, splenic, hepatic and bone marrow (bm) ly6c monocytes; however, the circ ...201627646437
formulation and characterization of nanocluster ceftazidime for the treatment of acute pulmonary melioidosis.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is responsible for a high proportion of human pneumonia and fatal bacteremia in the endemic areas of the world and is highly resistant to most commonly available antibiotics. studies have shown that prophylactic antibiotic treatment, when administered 24 h following bacterial challenge, can prevent infection in a murine model. prophylactic treatment against this disease using a pulmonary antibiotic formulation ...201627639659
eukaryotic pathways targeted by the type iii secretion system effector protein, bipc, involved in the intracellular lifecycle of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent for melioidosis, is known to secrete a type iii secretion system (ttss) protein into the host's internal milieu. one of the ttss effector protein, bipc, has been shown to play an important role in the b. pseudomallei pathogenesis. to identify the host response profile that was directly or indirectly regulated by this protein, genome-wide transcriptome approach was used to examine the gene expression profiles of infected mice. the transcriptome ana ...201627634329
characterization of secreted sphingosine-1-phosphate lyases required for virulence and intracellular survival of burkholderia pseudomallei.sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, plays a critical role in the orchestration of immune responses. s1p levels within the mammalian host are tightly regulated, in part through the activity of s1p lyase (s1pl) which catalyses its irreversible degradation. herein, we describe the identification and characterization of secreted s1pl orthologues encoded by the facultative intracellular bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. these bacterial ...201627632710
a case on acute burkholderia pseudomallei pericarditis. 201627625102
flexible vs rigid epitope conformations for diagnostic- and vaccine-oriented applications: novel insights from the burkholderia pseudomallei bpsl2765 pal3 epitope.peptides seldom retain stable conformations if separated from their native protein structure. in an immunological context, this potentially affects the development of selective peptide-based bioprobes and, from a vaccine perspective, poses inherent limits in the elicitation of cross-reactive antibodies by candidate epitopes. here, a 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole-mediated stapling strategy was used to stabilize the native α-helical fold of the pal3 peptidic epitope from the protein antigen pal ...201627623032
development, synthesis and structure-activity-relationships of inhibitors of the macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) proteins of legionella pneumophila and burkholderia pseudomallei.the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and legionella pneumophila cause severe diseases like melioidosis and legionnaire's disease with high mortality rates despite antibiotic treatment. due to increasing antibiotic resistances against these and other gram-negative bacteria, alternative therapeutical strategies are in urgent demand. as a virulence factor, the macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) protein constitutes an attractive target. the mip proteins of b. pseudomallei and l. pneumophila ...201627591009
predicted global distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis.burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis, is commonly found in soil in southeast asia and northern australia(1,2). melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse clinical manifestations and the inadequacy of conventional bacterial identification methods(3). the bacterium is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and treatment with ineffective antimicrobials may result in case fatality rates (cfrs) exceeding 70%(4,5). the im ...201627571754
differential production of type i ifn determines the reciprocal levels of il-10 and proinflammatory cytokines produced by c57bl/6 and balb/c macrophages.pattern recognition receptors detect microbial products and induce cytokines, which shape the immunological response. il-12, tnf-α, and il-1β are proinflammatory cytokines, which are essential for resistance against infection, but when produced at high levels they may contribute to immunopathology. in contrast, il-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which dampens proinflammatory responses, but it can also lead to defective pathogen clearance. the regulation of these cytokines is therefore centr ...201627549173
a comparison of the immunological potency of burkholderia lipopolysaccharides in endotoxemic balb/c mice.lipopolysaccharide is one of the virulence factors of the soil-borne pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei, b. thailandensis, b. cenocepacia and b. multivorans, which cause septic melioidosis (often in b. pseudomallei infections but rarely in b. thailandensis infections) or cepacia syndromes (commonly in b. cenocepacia infections but rarely in b. multivorans infections). the inflammatory responses in burkholderia lps-induced endotoxemia were evaluated in this study. prior to induction, the conserv ...201627862204
pediatric suppurative parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei.suppurative parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei has been rarely found outside endemic areas.201627843446
chronic melioidosis presenting with multiple abscesses.melioidosis is common in australia and southeast asia and is increasingly recognized in india. it presents in various forms which are difficult to identify and often mimics suppurative infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, malignancy and systemic rheumatic diseases. presentation may vary from local disease to disseminated abscesses, pneumonia and sepsis. disease is common and severe in diabetics. we describe a case of diabetic man presenting with fever, septic shock, peri-articular nodule ...201627822380
antimicrobial activity of tachyplesin 1 against burkholderia pseudomallei: an in vitro and in silico approach.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many conventional antibiotics. therefore, alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (amps) are extensively studied to combat this issue. our study aims to identify and understand the mode of action of the potential amp(s) that are effective against b. pseudomallei in both planktonic and biofilm state as well as to predict the possible binding targets on using in vitro and in silico ...201627812400
a burkholderia pseudomallei infection imported from eritrea to israel.although it has been predicted that melioidosis is probably endemic in the horn of africa, no confirmed cases have ever been detected in the region. we have recently isolated burkholderia pseudomallei from an eritrean patient in israel. the isolate was assigned a novel multilocus sequence type (st-1479). the observation has important epidemiological implications in an era of massive human migration.201627573625
septicemic melioidosis in a transplant recipient causing graft dysfunction.melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in the northern australia and south-east asia. it is an emerging disease in the indian subcontinent. melioidosis tends to run a potentially lethal course in immunocompromised individuals and data in renal transplantation are scarce. the clinical presentation of melioidosis is diverse, mimicking several other infectious diseases. diagnosis could be delayed in transplant recipients. choice and duration of antimicrob ...201627795637
immune modulation as an effective adjunct post-exposure therapeutic for b. pseudomallei.melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and is potentially fatal. despite a growing global burden and high fatality rate, little is known about the disease. recent studies demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibition is an effective post-exposure therapeutic for pulmonary melioidosis, which works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin e2 (pge2). this treatment, while effective, was conducted using an experimental cox-2 inhibitor t ...201627792775
cutaneous melioidosis.melioidosis is an emerging infection in india. it usually presents as pneumonia. melioidosis presenting as cutaneous lesions is uncommon. we present a case of cutaneous melioidosis from southern india. cutaneous melioidosis can present as an ulcer, pustule or as crusted erythematous lesions. a 22-year-old gentleman known case of diabetes mellitus was admitted in our hospital with an ulcer over the left thigh. discharge from the ulcer grew burkholderia pseudomallei. he was successfully treated wi ...201627790560
comparison of five commercial nucleic acid extraction kits for the pcr-based detection of burkholderia pseudomallei dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.the extraction and further processing of nucleic acids (na) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues for microbiological diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approaches is challenging. here, we assessed the effects of five different commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits on the results of real-time pcr. ffpe samples from organs of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected swiss mice were subjected to processing with five different extraction kits from qiagen (ffpe dna tis ...201627766174
trojan horse l-selectin monocytes: a portal of burkholderia pseudomallei entry into the brain. 201627763813
melioidosis: a greater threat than previously suspected?research released in 2016 shows that the global burden of burkholderia pseudomallei infection is probably much higher than previously suspected. better testing and reporting are needed if we are to detect outbreaks and diminish deadly delays in treatment. worldwide, researchers need support for vaccine development, particularly for public health vaccines to protect people and animals in endemic areas. because melioidosis can infect so many species, collaboration and communication between human a ...201627436814
therapeutic administration of a monoclonal anti-il-1β antibody protects against experimental melioidosis.melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia and northern australia. the nlrp3 inflammasome and its downstream product interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) have been proposed to play crucial roles in melioidosis. in this study, we characterized the role of il-1β more closely and we assessed its therapeutic potential.201627219859
in vivo distribution and clearance of purified capsular polysaccharide from burkholderia pseudomallei in a murine model.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infection prominent in northern australia and southeast asia. the "gold standard" for melioidosis diagnosis is bacterial isolation, which takes several days to complete. the resulting delay in diagnosis leads to delayed treatments, which could result in death. in an attempt to develop better methods for early diagnosis of melioidosis, b. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (cps) was identified as an important diagnostic b ...201627941991
goodpasture disease as a consequence of melioidosis.we describe a case of anti-glomerular basement membrane (gbm) antibody-mediated disease in association with concomitant burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) bacteraemia. the temporal profile of the illness and initial absence of circulating anti-gbm antibodies, in light of the subsequent definitive histological diagnosis of anti-gbm disease, makes this case interesting and unusual. additionally, there have been no prior case reports suggesting melioidosis as a cause of biopsy-proven glomerulo ...201627981771
melioidosis parotitis in children.a recent paper published in jvatitd reporting a child in hainan with parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei misleadingly described parotitis as a rare manifestation of melioidosis. in fact, it is one of the commonest forms of paediatric melioidosis seen in other parts of southeast asia, although interestingly not in australia.201627980534
two-phase bactericidal mechanism of silver nanoparticles against burkholderia pseudomallei.silver nanoparticles (agnps) have a strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. the killing mechanism of agnps involves direct physical membrane destruction and subsequent molecular damage from both agnps and released ag+. burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an endemic infectious disease primarily found in northern australia and southeast asia. b. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to most common antibiotics. in this study, the antimi ...201627977746
utility of a lateral flow immunoassay (lfi) to detect burkholderia pseudomallei in soil samples.culture is the gold standard for the detection of environmental b. pseudomallei. in general, soil specimens are cultured in enrichment broth for 2 days, and then the culture broth is streaked on an agar plate and incubated further for 7 days. however, identifying b. pseudomallei on the agar plates among other soil microbes requires expertise and experience. here, we evaluate a lateral flow immunoassay (lfi) developed to detect b. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (cps) in clinical samples as ...201627973567
community-acquired pneumonia in the asia-pacific region.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. aging population, dense urbanization, and poor access to health care make the asia-pacific region vulnerable to cap. the high incidence of cap poses a significant health and economic burden in this region. common etiologic agents in other global regions including streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and respiratory vir ...201627960208
community-acquired pneumonia: a global perspective.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a global disease responsible for a large proportion of deaths and having significant economic cost. as diagnostic tools have increased in sensitivity, our understanding of the etiology of cap has begun to change with a significant increase in confirmed viral infections and the recognition that multiple pathogens are frequently present. empiric therapy remains the standard of care and guidelines are mostly based on published data from the united states or eur ...201627960204
evolution of bopa gene in burkholderia: a case of convergent evolution as a mechanism for bacterial autophagy evasion.autophagy is an important defense mechanism targeting intracellular bacteria to restrict their survival and growth. on the other hand, several intracellular pathogens have developed an antiautophagy mechanism to facilitate their own replication or intracellular survival. up to now, no information about the origin or evolution of the antiautophagic genes in bacteria is available. bopa is an effector protein secreted by burkholderia pseudomallei via the type three secretion system, and it has been ...201628018913
a predicted cation transporter protein, bpss1228, is involved in intracellular behaviour of burkholderia pseudomallei in a human lung epithelial cell line (a549).burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal infectious disease in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. the intracellular behaviour of this pathogen in host cells has been reported to impact the severity of melioidosis, including the development of septicaemia, a consequence of pneumonia melioidosis. we previously identified a predicted cation transporter protein, bpss1228, that participates in the transitional stage of this intracellular pathogen. for further analy ...201628003338
non-caseating granulomatous infective spondylitis: melioidotic spondylitis.retrospective clinical analysis.201627994782
unravelling the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity among burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from south india using multi-locus sequence typing.there is a slow but steady rise in the case detection rates of melioidosis from various parts of the indian sub-continent in the past two decades. however, the epidemiology of the disease in india and the surrounding south asian countries remains far from well elucidated. multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) is a useful epidemiological tool to study the genetic relatedness of bacterial isolates both with-in and across the countries. with this background, we studied the molecular epidemiology of 32 ...201627992477
whole-genome sequencing of a quarter-century melioidosis outbreak in temperate australia uncovers a region of low-prevalence endemicity.melioidosis, caused by the highly recombinogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease with high mortality. tracing the origin of melioidosis outbreaks and understanding how the bacterium spreads and persists in the environment are essential to protecting public and veterinary health and reducing mortality associated with outbreaks. we used whole-genome sequencing to compare isolates from a historical quarter-century outbreak that occurred between 1966 and 1991 in the avon valley, we ...201628348862
burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secreted protein bipc: role in actin modulation and translocation activities required for the bacterial intracellular lifecycle.melioidosis, an infection caused by the facultative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, has been classified as an emerging disease with the number of patients steadily increasing at an alarming rate. b. pseudomalleipossess various virulence determinants that allow them to invade the host and evade the host immune response, such as the type iii secretion systems (ttss). the products of this specialized secretion system are particularly important for the b. pseudomallei infection. la ...201628028452
molecular tracking investigation of melioidosis cases reveals regional endemicity in hainan, china.sporadic cases of melioidosis have been reported in hainan, china for decades; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no accurate source-identification investigations confirming that melioidosis is endemic. four indigenous melioidosis cases were identified, which prompted the performance of contact microbiologic and molecular techniques to evaluate endemicity. environmental samples were collected from various locations surrounding each patient's residence. the samples were screened for ...201628105344
dbsecsys 2.0: a database of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei secretion systems.burkholderia mallei and b. pseudomallei are the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. b. mallei and b. pseudomallei are closely related genetically; b. mallei evolved from an ancestral strain of b. pseudomallei by genome reduction and adaptation to an obligate intracellular lifestyle. although these two bacteria cause different diseases, they share multiple virulence factors, including bacterial secretion systems, which repr ...201627650316
developing peptide mimotopes of capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides protective antigens of pathogenic burkholderia bacteria.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) and burkholderia mallei (bm) are two species of pathogenic burkholderia bacteria. our laboratory previously identified four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that reacted against burkholderia capsular polysaccharides (ps) and lipopolysaccharides (lps) and effectively protected against a lethal dose of bp/bm infections in mice. in this study, we used phage display panning against three different phage peptide libraries to select phage clones specifically recognized by ea ...201627328059
glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses.glanders is the contagious zoonotic disease caused by infection with burkholderia mallei. it affects primarily horses, donkeys and mules. the disease was eradicated from large areas of the western world in the early 20th century, but, over the last 10-20 years, has emerged and re-emerged in areas in which it was previously unknown or had been eradicated. although glanders was previously thought to manifest in only acute or chronic presentations, it now appears that b. mallei can produce latent i ...201627288893
melioidosis and glanders modulation of the innate immune system: barriers to current and future vaccine approaches.burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are pathogenic bacteria causing fatal infections in animals and humans. both organisms are classified as tier 1 select agents owing to their highly fatal nature, potential/prior use as bioweapons, severity of disease via respiratory exposure, intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, and lack of a current vaccine. disease manifestations range from acute septicemia to chronic infection, wherein the facultative intracellular lifestyle of these organisms ...201627010618
the art of persistence-the secrets to burkholderia chronic infections.the gram-negative proteobacteria genus burkholderia encompasses multiple bacterial species that are pathogenic to humans and other vertebrates. two pathogenic species of interest within this genus are burkholderia pseudomallei (bpm) and the b. cepacia complex (bcc); the former is the causative agent of melioidosis in humans and other mammals, and the latter is associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. one understudied and shared characteristic of these two pathogenic groups is the ...201627440810
choline catabolism in burkholderia thailandensis is regulated by multiple glutamine amidotransferase 1-containing arac family transcriptional regulators.burkholderia thailandensis is a soil-dwelling bacterium that shares many metabolic pathways with the ecologically similar, but evolutionarily distant, pseudomonas aeruginosa among the diverse nutrients it can utilize is choline, metabolizable to the osmoprotectant glycine betaine and subsequently catabolized as a source of carbon and nitrogen, similar to p. aeruginosa orthologs of genes in the choline catabolic pathway in these two bacteria showed distinct differences in gene arrangement as well ...201627381916
identification of an ompw homologue in burkholderia pseudomallei, a protective vaccine antigen against melioidosis.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is associated with a range of clinical manifestations, including sepsis and fatal pneumonia and is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. treatment can be challenging and control of infection involves prolonged antibiotic therapy, yet there are no approved vaccines available to prevent infection. our aim was to develop and assess the potential of a prophylactic vaccine candidate targeted against melioidosis. the id ...201627091689
rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, and burkholderia pseudomallei by use of laser light scattering technology.rapid methods to determine antimicrobial susceptibility would assist in the timely distribution of effective treatment or postexposure prophylaxis in the aftermath of the release of bacterial biothreat agents such as bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, or burkholderia pseudomallei conventional susceptibility tests require 16 to 48 h of incubation, depending on the bacterial species. we evaluated a method that is based on laser light scattering technology that measures cell density in real time. ...201626984973
accurate identification of members of the burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis sputum.the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of closely related species which includes opportunistic pathogens causing chronic respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients, or individuals affected by cystic fibrosis (cf). other burkholderia species causing infection in the cf population are burkholderia gladioli and burkholderia pseudomallei. traditional phenotypic analyses have been demonstrated to be inadequate for reliable identifications of isolates of bcc and b. gladioli. a pan ...201626671758
antibiotic resistance in burkholderia species.the genus burkholderia comprises metabolically diverse and adaptable gram-negative bacteria, which thrive in often adversarial environments. a few members of the genus are prominent opportunistic pathogens. these include burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei of the b. pseudomallei complex, which cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively. burkholderia cenocepacia, burkholderia multivorans, and burkholderia vietnamiensis belong to the burkholderia cepacia complex and affect mostly c ...201627620956
gipsy: genomic island prediction software.bacteria are highly diverse organisms that are able to adapt to a broad range of environments and hosts due to their high genomic plasticity. horizontal gene transfer plays a pivotal role in this genome plasticity and in evolution by leaps through the incorporation of large blocks of genome sequences, ordinarily known as genomic islands (geis). geis may harbor genes encoding virulence, metabolism, antibiotic resistance and symbiosis-related functions, namely pathogenicity islands (pais), metabol ...201626376473
bee venom (apis mellifera) an effective potential alternative to gentamicin for specific bacteria strains: bee venom an effective potential for bacteria.mellitine, a major component of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera), is more active against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. moreover, bv has been reported to have multiple effects, including antibacterial, antivirus, and anti-inflammation effects, in various types of cells. in addition, wasp venom has been reported to have antibacterial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bv against selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains of me ...201627695631
phylogenomic analysis reveals an asian origin for african burkholderia pseudomallei and further supports melioidosis endemicity in africa.burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental bacterium that causes the deadly disease melioidosis, is endemic in northern australia and southeast asia. an increasing number of melioidosis cases are being reported in other tropical regions, including africa and the indian ocean islands. b. pseudomallei first emerged in australia, with subsequent rare dissemination event(s) to southeast asia; however, its dispersal to other regions is not yet well understood. we used large-scale comparative genomic ...201627303718
characterization of new virulence factors involved in the intracellular growth and survival of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has complex and poorly understood extracellular and intracellular lifestyles. we used transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (tradis) to retrospectively analyze a transposon library that had previously been screened through a balb/c mouse model to identify genes important for growth and survival in vivo. this allowed us to identify the insertion sites and phenotypes of negatively selected mutants that were previously overlooke ...201626712202
a retrospective analysis of melioidosis in cambodian children, 2009-2013.melioidiosis, infection by burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important but frequently under-recognised cause of morbidity and mortality in southeast asia and elsewhere in the tropics. data on the epidemiology of paediatric melioidosis in cambodia are extremely limited.201627871233
a quadruplex real-time pcr assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of the most relevant members of the b. pseudomallei complex: b. mallei, b. pseudomallei, and b. thailandensis.the burkholderia pseudomallei complex classically consisted of b. mallei, b. pseudomallei, and b. thailandensis, but has now expanded to include b. oklahomensis, b. humptydooensis, and three unassigned burkholderia clades. methods for detecting and differentiating the b. pseudomallei complex has been the topic of recent research due to phenotypic and genotypic similarities of these species. b. mallei and b. pseudomallei are recognized as cdc tier 1 select agents, and are the causative agents of ...201627736903
maldi-tof ms contribution to diagnosis of melioidosis in a nonendemic country in three french travellers.melioidosis is an endemic disease in southeast asia and northern australia. an increasing number of cases are being reported in nonendemic countries, making the diagnosis less obvious. we discuss the identification of burkholderia pseudomallei using matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry on the occasion of recent cases of imported melioidosis in french travellers.201627222715
characterization of homologous sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase isoforms in the bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei.sphingolipids (sls) are ubiquitous elements in eukaryotic membranes and are also found in some bacterial and viral species. as well as playing an integral structural role, sls also act as potent signaling molecules involved in numerous cellular pathways and have been linked to many human diseases. a central sl signaling molecule is sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p), whose breakdown is catalyzed by s1p lyase (s1pl), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of s1p to ...201627784725
physicochemical properties influencing presence of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil from small ruminant farms in peninsular malaysia.soil is considered to be a major reservoir of burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment. this paper investigates soil physicochemical properties that may influence presence of b. pseudomallei in soil samples from small ruminant farms in peninsular malaysia. soil samples were collected from the farms and cultured for b. pseudomallei. the texture, organic matter and water contents, ph, elemental contents, cation exchange capacities, carbon, sulfur and nitrogen contents were determined. analysis ...201627635652
enhanced surveillance for fatal dengue-like acute febrile illness in puerto rico, 2010-2012.dengue is a leading cause of morbidity throughout the tropics; however, accurate population-based estimates of mortality rates are not available.201627727271
molecular evidence of burkholderia pseudomallei genotypes based on geographical distribution.background. central intermediary metabolism (cim) in bacteria is defined as a set of metabolic biochemical reactions within a cell, which is essential for the cell to survive in response to environmental perturbations. the genes associated with cim are commonly found in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. as these genes are involved in vital metabolic processes of bacteria, we explored the efficiency of the genes in genotypic characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates, compar ...201626998408
perturbation of the two-component signal transduction system, bprrs, results in attenuated virulence and motility defects in burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe invasive disease of humans and animals. initial screening of a b. pseudomallei signature-tagged mutagenesis library identified an attenuated mutant with a transposon insertion in a gene encoding the sensor component of an uncharacterised two-component signal transduction system (tcsts), which we designated bprrs.201627147217
burkholderia genome mining for nonribosomal peptide synthetases reveals a great potential for novel siderophores and lipopeptides synthesis.burkholderia is an important genus encompassing a variety of species, including pathogenic strains as well as strains that promote plant growth. we have carried out a global strategy, which combined two complementary approaches. the first one is genome guided with deep analysis of genome sequences and the second one is assay guided with experiments to support the predictions obtained in silico. this efficient screening for new secondary metabolites, performed on 48 gapless genomes of burkholderi ...201627060604
burkholderia pseudomallei-derived mir-3473 enhances nf-κb via targeting traf3 and is associated with different inflammatory responses compared to burkholderia thailandensis in murine macrophages.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of melioidosis, a kind of tropical disease. burkholderia thailandensis (bt), with a high sequence similarity to bp, is thought to be an avirulent organism. since there are numerous similarities between bp and bt, their differences in pathogenesis of host response and related mechanism are still undermined. in recent years, micrornas have been researched in many diseases, but seldom involved in bacterial infection, bacteria-host interaction or ...201627894256
protection against experimental melioidosis with a synthetic manno-heptopyranose hexasaccharide glycoconjugate.melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic areas. antibiotic treatment is protracted and not always successful; even with appropriate therapy, up to 40% of individuals presenting with melioidosis in thailand succumb to infection. in these circumstances, an effective vaccine has the potential to have a dramatic impact on both the scale and the severity of disease. currently, no vaccines are ...201627124182
burkholderia pseudomallei colony morphotypes show a synchronized metabolic pattern after acute infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is a water and soil bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. a characteristic feature of this bacterium is the formation of different colony morphologies which can be isolated from environmental samples as well as from clinical samples, but can also be induced in vitro. previous studies indicate that morphotypes can differ in a number of characteristics such as resistance to oxidative stress, cellular adhesion and intracellular replication. yet the metabolic fe ...201626943908
unprecedented melioidosis cases in northern australia caused by an asian burkholderia pseudomallei strain identified by using large-scale comparative genomics.melioidosis is a disease of humans and animals that is caused by the saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. once thought to be confined to certain locations, the known presence of b. pseudomallei is expanding as more regions of endemicity are uncovered. there is no vaccine for melioidosis, and even with antibiotic administration, the mortality rate is as high as 40% in some regions that are endemic for the infection. despite high levels of recombination, phylogenetic reconstruction of ...201626607593
prevalence and identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and near-neighbor species in the malabar coastal region of india.accurate identification of pathogens with biowarfare importance requires detection tools that specifically differentiate them from near-neighbor species. burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of a fatal disease melioidosis, is one such biothreat agent whose differentiation from its near-neighbor species is always a challenge. this is because of its phenotypic similarity with other burkholderia species which have a wide spread geographical distribution with shared environmental niches. m ...201627632353
metabolomic profiling of plasma from melioidosis patients using uhplc-qtof ms reveals novel biomarkers for diagnosis.to identify potential biomarkers for improving diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared plasma metabolome profiles of melioidosis patients compared to patients with other bacteremia and controls without active infection, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. principal component analysis (pca) showed that the metabolomic profiles of melioidosis patients are distinguishable from bacteremia patients and controls. using mu ...201626927094
cloning, expression, and characterization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase from the burkholderia pseudomallei phage st79.the lytic phage st79 of burkholderia pseudomallei can lyse a broad range of its host including antibiotic resistant isolates from within using a set of proteins, holin, lysb, lysc and endolysin, a peptidoglycan (pg) hydrolase enzyme. the phage st79 endolysin gene identified as peptidase m15a was cloned, expressed and purified to evaluate its potential to lyse pathogenic bacteria. the molecular size of the purified enzyme is approximately 18 kda and the in silico study cited here indicated the pr ...201627637947
environmental free-living amoebae isolated from soil in khon kaen, thailand, antagonize burkholderia pseudomallei.presence of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and water is correlated with endemicity of melioidosis in southeast asia and northern australia. several biological and physico-chemical factors have been shown to influence persistence of b. pseudomallei in the environment of endemic areas. this study was the first to evaluate the interaction of b. pseudomallei with soil amoebae isolated from b. pseudomallei-positive soil site in khon kaen, thailand. four species of amoebae, paravahlkampfia ustiana, ...201627898739
biocidal and sporicidal efficacy of pathoster(®) 0.35% and pathoster(®) 0.50% against bacterial agents in potential bioterrorism use.the use of products that can neutralize or significantly reduce the microbial load and that are not harmful to human health and the environment represents a milestone in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases. peracetic acid, besides being an excellent sterilizing and sporicidal agent, is harmless to humans and the environment when it is used in a common dosage. however, the high costs and loss of efficacy of the product very quickly after its reconstitution limit its use. we evalua ...201627482880
novel phospholipase a2 inhibitors from python serum are potent peptide antibiotics.antimicrobial peptides (amps) play a vital role in defense against resistant bacteria. in this study, eight different amps synthesized from python reticulatus serum protein were tested for bactericidal activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, burkholderia pseudomallei (khw and tes strains), and proteus vulgaris) using a disc-diffusion method (20 μg/disc). among the tested peptides, phospholipase a2 inhibitory peptide (pip)-18[59-76], β-asp65-pip[5 ...201525583073
type 3 secretion system cluster 3 is a critical virulence determinant for lung-specific melioidosis.burkholderia pseudomallei, the bacterial agent of melioidosis, causes disease through inhalation of infectious particles, and is classified as a tier 1 select agent. optical diagnostic imaging has demonstrated that murine respiratory disease models are subject to significant upper respiratory tract (urt) colonization. because human melioidosis is not associated with urt colonization as a prominent presentation, we hypothesized that lung-specific delivery of b. pseudomallei may enhance our abilit ...201525569630
a prospective study of melioidosis after environmental exposure of healthy participants to burkholderia pseudomallei during a muddy endurance challenge.in a prospective study of 123 healthy adults competing in a mud-exposing endurance challenge in the melioidosis-endemic tropical north of the northern territory of australia, there were no asymptomatic seroconversions to burkholderia pseudomallei using indirect hemagglutination assay. however, one competitor developed melioidosis attributable to infection acquired during the event.201525624406
transcriptome analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei t6ss identifies hcp1 as a potential serodiagnostic marker.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is able to survive extreme environments and utilizes various virulence factors for survival and pathogenicity. to compete and survive within these different ecological niches, b. pseudomallei has evolved specialized pathways, including the type vi secretion systems (t6sss), that have a role in pathogenesis as well as interbacterial interactions. we examined the expression profile of b. pseudomallei t6ss six gene clusters during infec ...201525616255
burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secretion system cluster 3 atpase bsas, a chemotherapeutic target for small-molecule atpase inhibitors.melioidosis is an infectious disease of high mortality for humans and other animal species; it is prevalent in tropical regions worldwide. the pathogenesis of melioidosis depends on the ability of its causative agent, the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, to enter and survive in host cells. b. pseudomallei can escape from the phagosome into the cytosol of phagocytic cells where it replicates and acquires actin-mediated motility, avoiding killing by the autophagy-dependent proces ...201525605762
the first autochthonous case of human melioidosis in reunion island. 201525596804
cutaneous melioidosis in a healthy danish man after travelling to south-east asia.a healthy danish man presented with infected prepatellar bursitis 8 months after being involved in a car accident in malaysia resulting in exposure of a laceration of his knee to stagnant water. tissue samples grew burkholderia pseudomallei and diagnostic work up revealed no secondary foci. the patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement and 3 months of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. at 6 months follow-up the patient was without relapse.201525596295
plasmacytoid dendritic cell bactericidal activity against burkholderia pseudomallei.melioidosis sepsis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is associated with high mortality due to an overwhelming inflammatory response. plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) are potent producers of type i interferons (ifn). this study investigated whether pdc and type i ifn play a role during the early stages of b. pseudomallei infection. human and murine pdc internalised and killed b. pseudomallei as efficiently as murine conventional dc (cdc). pdc derived from b. pseudomallei-susceptible (balb/c ...201525532693
burkholderia pseudomallei sequence type 562 in china and australia. 201525531912
association of melioidosis incidence with rainfall and humidity, singapore, 2003-2012.soil has been considered the natural reservoir for the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, which causes melioidosis. we examined 550 melioidosis cases that occurred during a 10-year period in the highly urbanized city of singapore, where soil exposure is rare, and found that rainfall and humidity levels were associated with disease incidence.201525531547
neurotropic threat characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei strains.the death rate for neurologic melioidosis is high. whether certain burkholderia pseudomallei strains are more likely than other strains to cause central nervous system infection and whether route of infection influences the neurotropic threat remain unclear. therefore, we compared the virulence and dissemination of australian clinical isolates collected during october 1989-october 2012 from patients with neurologic and nonneurologic melioidosis after intranasal and subcutaneous infection of mice ...201525530166
clinical, environmental, and serologic surveillance studies of melioidosis in gabon, 2012-2013.burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental gram-negative bacillus, is the causative agent of melioidosis and a bio-threat agent. reports of b. pseudomallei isolation from soil and animals in east and west africa suggest that melioidosis might be more widely distributed than previously thought. because it has been found in equatorial areas with tropical climates, we hypothesized that b. pseudomallei could exist in gabon. during 2012-2013, we conducted a seroprevalance study in which we set up mi ...201525530077
structure-based design of a b cell antigen from b. pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a severe endemic disease in south-east asia, causing septicemia and organ failure with high mortality rates. current treatments and diagnostic approaches are largely ineffective. the development of new diagnostic tools and vaccines toward effective therapeutic opportunities against b. pseudomallei is therefore an urgent priority. in the framework of a multidisciplinary project tackling melioidosis through reverse and structural v ...201525495888
cloning, expression and purification of outer membrane protein (ompa) of burkholderia pseudomallei and evaluation of its potential for serodiagnosis of melioidosis.melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease in india and caused by gram-negative, soil saprophyte bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei. this disease is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia, and sporadic cases of melioidosis are also reported from southern states of india. the present study reports the cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant protein outer membrane protein a (ompa) of b. pseudomallei and its evaluation in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) ...201525488273
seroepidemiology of melioidosis in children from a remote region of papua new guinea.the balimo region in papua new guinea has previously been identified as melioidosis-endemic with a predilection for children. where health resources are scarce, seroepidemiology can be used to assess exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei and therefore risk of acquiring melioidosis.201525487725
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