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an easy method for comparing antibody affinities to related antigens.four different aleutian disease virus (adv) isolates were coated to 1/4" polystyrene balls. the binding capacity of these balls against different mouse hybridoma antibodies prepared against each of the adv isolates was investigated in two ways. the different adv-coated balls were either mixed in a tube (competition between balls for antibody), or they were allowed to react separately with antibody (no competition). the difference in competitive and non-competitive binding values allows a compari ...19836306992
characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from cells infected with aleutian disease virus.viral dna was extracted from crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells infected with aleutian disease virus (adv) and labeled with [ 3h ]thymidine. the sedimentation coefficient in alkaline sucrose gradients was 16s corresponding to a molecular weight of 1.5 x 10(6). the buoyant densities of dna from infected and control cells were determined by isopyknic sedimentation in cscl and nai gradients. two additional peaks of [ 3h ]dna were found in infected cells, but not in control cell extracts. fractiona ...19836309040
molecular cloning of the aleutian disease virus genome: expression of aleutian disease virus antigens by a recombinant plasmid.three nonoverlapping segments representing approximately 80% of the 4.8-kilobase pair aleutian disease virus (adv-g) duplex genome were molecularly cloned into either bacteriophage m13mp9 (m13bm2 = 0.07 to 0.15 map unit; m13bm1 = 0.15 to 0.54 map unit) or plasmid puc8 (pbm1 = 0.54 to 0.88 map units). in addition the 0.54- to 0.88-map unit segment of a danish isolate of adv (dk adv) was also cloned into puc8 (pbm2). the recombinant plasmids pbm1 and pbm2 induced expression of several polypeptides ...19836313959
sensitive radioimmune assay for measuring aleutian disease virus antigen and antibody.a solid-phase, one-step radioimmune assay was developed which could detect as little as 0.02 microliter of a standard aleutian disease virus antigen preparation, approximately 3.2 ng of viral protein. virus antigen was measured in different mink organs and cell types during experimental intraperitoneal infection. the gut and kidney were the first organs in which virus antigen could be detected (day 3 to 6 after infection). on day 6 or later virus antigen was found in spleen, liver, kidney, lymph ...19836195178
autoimmunity in aleutian disease: contribution of antiviral and anti-dna antibody to hypergammaglobulinemia.the contributions to aleutian disease gammopathy of specific antiviral antibody and an autoimmune component, anti-dna antibody, were studied with pastel ranch mink naturally infected with aleutian disease virus. specific antibody activities were determined by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmune assay, respectively. gamma globulin levels (percent gamma) were determined by serum electrophoresis. within an infected mink population, it was possible to predict the level of gammopathy ...19836192083
comparative pathogenicity of four strains of aleutian disease virus for pastel and sapphire mink.information was sought on the comparative pathogenicity of four north american strains (isolates) of aleutian disease virus for royal pastel (a non-aleutian genotype) and sapphire (an aleutian genotype) mink. the four strains (utah-1, ontario [canada], montana, and pullman [washington]), all of mink origin, were inoculated intraperitoneally and intranasally in serial 10-fold dilutions. as indicated by the appearance of specific antibody (counterimmunoelectrophoresis test), all strains readily in ...19836193063
demonstration of aleutian disease virus-specific lymphocyte response in mink with progressive aleutian disease: comparison of sapphire and pastel mink infected with different virus strains.lymphocyte blastogenesis was used to study the antiviral lymphocyte response of sapphire (aleutian) and pastel (nonaleutian) mink inoculated with pullman or utah 1 aleutian disease virus (adv). both mink genotypes developed a virus-specific response when inoculated with utah 1 adv. in contrast, after inoculation of pullman adv, sapphire mink had a positive virus-specific response, whereas pastel mink did not. response occurred late after infection (8 wk) and correlated with the development of pr ...19836193194
inhibition of precipitation in counter current electrophoresis. a sensitive method for detection of mink antibodies to aleutian disease virus.inhibition of precipitation in counter current electrophoresis was at least 32 more sensitive when compared to the normal counter current electrophoresis for the demonstration of mink antibodies against aleutian disease virus (adv). adv antigen can be produced from mink organs or in cell culture. the reactivity of the two types of antigen in the two kinds of counter current electrophoresis methods is described in this report. when 22 mink sera were titrated in normal counter current electrophore ...19827080835
aleutian disease in ferrets.when 32 antibody-free ferrets were inoculated with the highly mink-virulent utah-1 strain of aleutian disease virus (adv), most developed adv antibody starting 15 days after infection, but the antibody titers were much lower than those seen in mink. relatively small amounts of adv were demonstrated in crfk cell culture, using ferret spleen and lymph node homogenates only 4 to 10 days after experimental infection, but low-level viral persistence for 180 days was shown by mink inoculation. the fer ...19826176546
detection of antibody in aleutian disease of mink: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.experiments were undertaken to investigate the potential of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a screening test for the diagnosis of the 2 known naturally occurring forms of aleutian disease of mink. anti-aleutian disease virus (adv) antibody activity was not detectable in the sera of mink with nonprogressive aleutian disease despite the demonstration of antibody by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) in the same sera. anti-adv antibody was detectable in 93% of sera from mink at v ...19826283966
identification of a nonvirion protein of aleutian disease virus: mink with aleutian disease have antibody to both virion and nonvirion proteins.we studied aleutian disease virus polypeptides in crandall feline kidney (crfk) cells. when crfk cells labeled with [35s]methionine at 60 h postinfection were studied by immunoprecipitation with sera from infected mink, the major aleutian disease virus virion polypeptides (p85 and p75) were consistently identified, as was a 71,000-dalton nonvirion protein (p71). the peptide maps of p85 and p75 were similar, but the map of p71 was different. p85, p75, and p71 were all precipitated by sera from al ...19826287034
intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue in mink infected with aleutian disease virus.pulmonary lymphoid tissue was studied histologically in mink infected experimentally and naturally with aleutian disease virus, an infection characterised by systemic lymphoid tissue hyperplasia. lymphoid tissue hyperplasia was observed in the lamina propria of the bronchial tree, in perivascular tissue, in interlobular septae and subpleurally by day 42 after experimental aerosol infection. four forms of pulmonary lymphoid tissue were recognised: lymphoepithelial nodules or bronchus-associated l ...19827079603
ocular lesions in mink affected with aleutian disease.uveitis, characterized by infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells, was the principal ocular lesion in 122 sapphire and pastel mink affected with experimental aleutian disease. it was present to various degrees in all but five mink examined five to 164 weeks after inoculation (intraperitoneal or intranasal) with any of four north american strains of aleutian disease virus. the uveitis, mostly iridocyclitis, was accompanied often by protein-rich fluid in the anterior chamber and less often by ...19827200277
evaluation of chemical disinfectants for aleutian disease virus of mink.nine chemicals and commercial disinfectants were tested for inactivation of aleutian disease virus of mink. in the presence of distilled water, a commercial disinfectant (o-syl), halogen derivatives (iodophor and sodium hypochlorite), and glutaraldehyde (2.0%) inactivated 4 log10 (based on 0.25 ml) of the virus within 10 minutes at 23 c. formalin (2.0%) and o-syl were slower to inactivate the virus, but achieved a 4 log10 reduction in titer by 30 minutes' contact time. in the presence of 10% bov ...19816266294
characterization of aleutian disease virus as a parvovirus.we characterized a strain of aleutian disease virus adapted to growth in crandall feline kidney cells at 31.8 degrees c. when purified from infected cells, aleutian disease virus had a density in cscl of 1.42 to 1.44 g/ml and was 24 to 26 nm in diameter. [3h]thymidine could be incorporated into the viral genome, and the viral dna was then studied. in alkaline sucrose gradients, aleutian disease virus dna was a single species that cosedimented at 15.5s with single-stranded dna from adeno-associat ...19806252342
antibodies to aleutian disease virus in human sera. 19806255045
anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody associated with persistent infection of mink with aleutian disease virus.anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) antibody was quantitated in sera from mink infected with aleutian disease virus (adv). during the course of the disease after experimental infection, the amount of anti-dna antibody increased 60% initially, but then decreased to an intermediate level when measured 2.5 months later. the percentage of serum immunoglobulin, however, steadily increased over 3.5-fold during this period, resulting in the characteristic gammopathy. correlation between the level of anti- ...19806260652
purification and characterization of aleutian disease virus.virus was isolated from infected mink organs by a combination of tissue homogenization, fluorocarbon extraction and ultracentrifugation. the final preparation was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electronmicroscopy. virions had a capsid diameter of 22 nm. preparative agarose electrophoresis separated virions from contaminating ferritin. crossed immunoelectrophoresis of virus gave a single precipitate with sera from infected mink. crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis with intermedi ...19806261524
multiple myeloma in a mink handler following exposure to aleutian disease.aleutian disease of mink is a viral illness characterized by systemic plasmocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia. some affected mink develop a monoclonal gammaglobulin spike and bence-jones proteinuria. a case of multiple myeloma in a mink handler with a 15-year history of exposure to aleutian mink is presented. previously reported cases of possible aleutian disease (ad) in man are discussed and the pathogenesis of ad reviewed. aleutian disease virus (adv) may produce asymptomatic infection in exp ...1979222431
protides of the mustelidae: immunoresponse of mustelids to aleutian mink disease virus.members of north american mustelidae were tested for their response to inoculation with 10(6) infective doses of aleutian disease virus. in subfamily mustelinae, 3 species in the genus mustela (m vision, m erminea, and m putorius) and 2 species in genus martes (ma pennanti and ma americana) responded immunologically with some features resembling aleutian disease in mink. in subfamily mephitinae, only mephitis mephitis responded, and others of the subfamily did not, nor did members of subfamilies ...1978208431
characteristics of inapparent aleutian disease virus infection in mink.inapparent of nonprogressive aleutian disease virus (adv) infection is a subclinical but persistent virus infection of mink. mink with the inapparent type of adv infection when subjected to stress did not develop the progessive form of the disease. however, when challenged with a large dose of the virus, these mink did develop progressive aleutian disease indicating that they were not highly resistant to the virus. sera of mink with either the progressive of the inapparent type of adv infection ...1978206934
eradication of aleutian disease of mink by eliminating positive counterimmunoelectrophoresis test reactors.the counterimmunoelectrophorsis test was applied on three aleutian disease virus-infected mink ranches for the detection of specific aleutian disease virus antibody. all mink on the ranches were tested during the pelting season and before the breeding season for 4 consecutive years. aleutian disease has been eliminated from the three commercial mink ranches by culling out all mink that were positive for aleutian disease virus antibody.1978203601
transmission of aleutian disease from mink with inapparent infections.in apparent or nonprogressive aleutian disease virus infection was considered a subclinical but persistent viral infection in which infected mink did not develop tissue lesions, hypergammaglobulinemia, or high antibody titers. transmission of aleutian disease virus from mink with this type of infection was measured. mink with inapparent aleutian disease appeared healthy and had normal gamma-globulin values, but were capable of transmitting the disease by direct and indirect horizontal contact. t ...1978204235
reduced severity of lesions in mink infected transplacentally with aleutian disease virus.inoculation of mink late in the second trimester of pregnancy with aleutian disease virus (adv) produces a persistent infection in the offspring. when these mink were analyzed at 83 days of age and compared with adolescent mink infected for a similar length of time, the transplacentally infected mink show: 1) a marked reduction in plasmacytosis, immunoglobulin level and specific adv antibody; 2) increased amounts of infectious adv and numbers of cells containing viral antigen; 3) a marked reduct ...197770474
expression of aleutian mink disease antigen in cell culture.infection of crfk feline kidney cells with aleutian disease vurus leads to production of virus-induced antigen(s) in the nucleus which could be demonstrated by the fluorescent-antibody technique. the number of fluorescent nuclei was lineraly dependent on the dilution of the inoculum, but rarely exceeded 20% of the cells. aleutian disease nuclear antigen was only transiently detectable. the virus-induced antigen was detected after infection of cells of several divergent species; however, the crfk ...1977188765
isolation of aleutian disease virus of mink in cell culture.aleutian disease virus, the causative agent of a persistent infection in mink, was isolated in a continuous line of feline renal cells when the cultures were maintained at reduced temperature (31.8 degrees). after serial in vitro passage of the virus at this temperature it had an optimum replication temperature of 37 degrees. an immunofluorescence focus assay was found to be suitable for virus quantitation. the cultured virus reproduced aleutian disease in mink, and the virus could be reisolated ...1977192696
demonstration of heavy and light density populations of aleutian disease virus.a highly purified and concentrated suspension of aleutian disease virus was prepared from large quantities of early infected mink tissues using repeated fluorocarbon extraction procedures. equilibrium centrifugation of the aleutian disease virus preparation in a cesium chloride gradient yielded three distinct bands at buoyant densities of 1.295, 1.332, and 1.405--1.416 g/cm(3). electron microscopic observations of these three bands revealed mainly empty particles in the first band. in the second ...1977193625
characterization of the protein and nucleic acid of aleutian disease virus.aleutian disease virus (adv) was extracted and purified from infected mink. nucleic acid extracted from the virus was examined in an electron microscope. three different sizes of molecule, with approximate lengths of 1.2, 0.55, and 0.25 micron, were observed. the ratios of the large molecules to the small molecules were similar in all the particles prepared under different conditions. equilibrium cscl density gradient centrifugation showed that adv nucleic acid had a buoyant density of 1.733 g/c ...1977196113
detection and localization of aleutian disease virus and its antigens in vivo by immunoferritin technique.tissues from mink infected with aleutian disease virus were examined by the electron microscope for the presence of virus particles. virus-like particles, measuring 22 nm in diameter, were observed in macrophages of spleen, mesenteric lymph node and in kupffer cells in liver of mink ten to 13 days after infection. the virus-like particles were usually present in vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of macrophages and kupffer cells and, occasionally, similar particles were observed inside the nucleus. c ...1977200318
detection of inapparent aleutian disease virus infection in mink.the normal serum gamma-globulin centration of mink from the ontario veterinary college field station was 13.2 +/- 2.6% of total serum proteins. mink serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 21%, which represented 3 standard deviations above the normal mean, were considered to be hypergammaglobulinemic. about 39% of pastel mink infected naturally with aleutin disease virus (adv) exhibited an inapparent or nonprogressive infection. these nonprogressivley infected mink had serum gamma-globulin val ...1977201189
properties of aleutian disease virus assayed with feline kidney cells.properties of aleutian disease virus (adv) were studied using feline kidney cells, line crfk, to assay virus by the induction of nuclear antigen. adv nuclear antigen was detected by immunofluorescent staining. titers of virus obtained from mink spleens at 10-8 days after infection were usually between 10(3) and 10(5) infectious units per gram of spleen. adv was purified by fluorocarbon extraction, differential centrifugation, biogel a-15 chromatography and cscl equilibrium centrifugation. the mo ...1977202229
purification and structure of aleutian disease virus. 1976182559
aleutian disease of mink: production of 14c-labeled antiviral antibodies by mink lymphoid cells in vitro.lymphoid cells from mink infected with aleutian disease virus produced labeled, specific antiviral antibody when incubated in medium containing [14c]tyrosine.19761248874
in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin and anti-viral antibody in aleutian disease viral infection of mink.lymphoid cells from aleutian disease virus (adv)-infected and noninfected mink were cultured in vitro and the synthesis of ig m, igg, and viral-specific antibody measured. compared to noninfected mink, lymph node cells from mink with aleutian disease (ad) contained a higher percentage of plasma cells and immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes, synthesized significantly more igg, and produced detectable quantities of adv-specific antibody. no significant difference in igm synthesis was observed.1976993592
pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink: identification of nonpersistent infections.aleutian disease virus usually produces a persistent infection and progressive immune comples disease in mink of the aleutian genotype. study of aleutian disease virus infection in non-aleutian mink showed that about one-quarter developed nonpersistent infections by the virus, and that the nonpersistence was not genetically determined by the host. the nonpersistently infected mink developed only a transient elevation of serum gamma globulin, and much lower specific aleutian disease virus antibod ...1975803925
[pathogenesis of aleutian mink disease. vii. chronic hepatitis with bile duct proliferation].aleutian disease is a chronic persistent viral infection of mink characterized by hypergammaglobulinema, generalized plasmacytosis, sclerosing glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis, and plasma cell hepatitis with bile duct proliferation. the development of hepatic lesions was studied both light- and electron-microscopically in mink experimentally infected with aleutian disease virus. fifteen normal and 99 mink experimentally infected with aleutian disease virus were used. experimental mink were kill ...1975242113
lymphocyte abnormalities in aleutian disease virus infection of mink: decreased t lymphocyte responses and increased b lymphocyte levels in persistent viral infection.persistence of virus and a marked hypergammaglobulinemia are consistent features observed in mink with aleutian disease virus infection. these events may result from altered lymphocyte function in infected mink. to test this possibility we determined the ability of lymphocytes from infected mink to respond to phytolectins (pha and con a), and a specific antigen (klh) in a lymphocyte transformation test and quantitated the number of lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin. infected mink had a ...19751097504
purification and ultrastructure of aleutian disease virus of mink. 1975804146
characterization of aleutian mink disease virus. 1975166493
aleutian disease of mink: the antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to aleutian disease virus.the specific antiviral antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to pullman strain of adv has been examined. sapphire mink inoculated with from 300,000-3 ld50 developed high levels of specific antibody and ad. pastel mink inoculated with parallel doses of adv also produced antibody but did not develop ad. the low incidence of ad in pastel mink inoculated with pullman strain of adv is probably related to factors other than antiviral antibody.197551871
the influence of genotype on the development of glomerular lesions in mink with aleutian disease virus.in an attempt to document progression rate differences in the development of glomerular lesions in mink infected with aleutian disease virus (adv), the glomeruli of aleutian and non-aleutian mink experimentally infected with adv were evaluated by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. the animals were also examined for the presence of interstitial infiltrate, neutrophils, and arterial lesions. one hundred percent of the aleutian mink had glomerular cell proliferation and interstitial infil ...197553016
isolation, purification and structure of aleutian disease virus by immunological techniques. 19734197346
pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink: nature of the antiglobulin reaction and elution of antibody from erythrocytes and glomeruli of infected mink.erythrocytes from mink chronically infected with aleutian disease virus (adv) gave positive antiglobulin reactions with rabbit anti-mink immunoglobulin (ig)g, anti-mink c3, and anti-mink serum, but did not react with anti-mink igm. the strongest reaction was observed with anti-mink c3. immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that serum from rabbits injected with erythrocytes from adv-infected mink gave a precipitin line with normal mink serum in the beta globulin region corresponding to c3. when norm ...19734199157
demonstration of aleutian mink disease virus in cell culture. 19734201043
the pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink. 3. immune complex arteritis.mink chronically infected with aleutian disease virus develop a severe necrotizing arteritis affecting muscular arteries. acute, subacute and healing lesions may be found. extracellular deposits of host immunoglobulin and complement and, after acid elution, viral antigen can be shown by immunofluorescence technics in areas of fibrinoid necrosis and between proliferating endothelial cells. no intracellular viral antigen was found, indicating that the virus probably does not replicate in vascular ...19734576760
antibody-forming cells and serum hemolysin responses of pastel and sapphire mink inoculated with aleutian disease virus.the effect of aleutian disease virus (adv) on serum hemolysin titers and antibody-forming cells in lymph nodes and spleens of sapphire and pastel mink inoculated with goat erythrocytes (g-rbc) was investigated. adv injected 1 day after primary antigenic stimulation with g-rbc did not depress the immune responses of either color phase for a period of 26 days. however, when g-rbc were injected 47 days after adv, both the number of antibody-forming cells and hemolysin titers were more markedly depr ...19734584051
isolation of aleutian mink disease virus by affinity chromatography.affinity chromatography was used to isolate the aleutian disease virus of mink. dissociation of the immunoadsorbent-virus complex with 0.75 molar sodium chloride and then with a glycine-hydrochloride gradient released infective particles resembling picornaviruses. the elution profile suggests that two different types of virus-antibody complexes are formed, one dissociated by sodium chloride and another that requires glycine-hydrochloride in addition to sodium chloride for release of virus.19734629857
the persistence of aleutian disease virus in the mosquito aedes fitchii. 19734633583
aleutian disease of mink. prevention of lesions by immunosuppression.mink that were homozygous recessive for the aleutian gene (aa) were inoculated with aleutian disease virus (adv) and simultaneously treated with cyclophosphamide (cy). control mink were inoculated with adv. all mink were injected with bovine serum albumin (bsa) and their anti-bsa antibody response was measured to monitor the influence of drug therapy on the humoral antibody response. formation of anti-bsa antibody was markedly suppressed and the hypergammaglobulinemia and development of ad lesio ...19724551296
natural antibodies in sera of mink before and after the development of aleutian disease (viral plasmacytosis).the effect of infection of mink with aleutian disease virus on the level of natural antibodies in the serum was investigated. the level of natural antibodies to chicken red blood cells was increased following infection but there was no correlation between the degree of hypergamma globulinemia in the diseased mink and the increase in titers. on the other hand, serum levels of natural hemolytic antibodies to sheep red blood cells in mink did not increase during the course of aleutian disease. thes ...19704097853
the immunoglobulins in aleutian disease (viral plasmacytosis) of mink. different types of hypergammaglobulinemias.mink infected with the aleutian disease virus developed different types of hypergammaglobulinemias according to the incidence of immunoglobulin classes. usually, increases of immunoglobulin in serum of infected mink occurred over a broad spectrum as a general increase in the immunoglobulins. in some infected animals a predominantly selective increase was demonstrated with only certain immunoglobulin classes being present at elevated levels. selective increases of immunoglobulin classes were obse ...19704097854
the pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink. i. in vivo viral replication and the host antibody response to viral antigen.mink inoculated with 1 x 10(5)id(50) of aleutian disease virus revealed very high virus titers in the tissues 8-18 days later. the highest virus titers observed were 5 x 10(8)id(50) per g of spleen and 1 x 10(9)id(50) per g of liver 10 days after inoculation. concomitant with the increase in infectious virus titers, viral antigen(s) was found in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the spleen and lymph nodes and in kupffer cells in the liver. antiviral antibody was assayed by indirect immunofluoresce ...19694979953
metabolism and function of gamma globulin in aleutian disease of mink.aleutian disease-affected mink, which are markedly hypergammaglobulinemic, show a decreased half-life of the serum gamma globulin indicating that the hyperglobulinemia is due to increased production. no evidence that the gamma globulin was antibody to the infectious agent, to autologous or isologous tissues, or to antigens the animal was responding to prior to development of the disease was obtained. the increased gamma globulin was found to be of the 6.4s variety, and gamma globulin containing ...196514319405
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