Publications

morphology of the ampullae of lorenzini in juvenile freshwater carcharhinus leucas.	ampullae of lorenzini were examined from juvenile carcharhinus leucas (831-1,045 mm total length) captured from freshwater regions of the brisbane river. the ampullary organ structure differs from all other previously described ampullae in the canal wall structure, the general shape of the ampullary canal, and the apically nucleated supportive cells. ampullary pores of 140-205 µm in diameter are distributed over the surface of the head region with 2,681 and 2,913 pores present in two sharks that ...	2015	25515416
a large family of avrlm6-like genes in the apple and pear scab pathogens, venturia inaequalis and venturia pirina.	venturia inaequalis and v. pirina are dothideomycete fungi that cause apple scab and pear scab disease, respectively. whole genome sequencing of v. inaequalis and v. pirina isolates has revealed predicted proteins with sequence similarity to avrlm6, a leptosphaeria maculans effector that triggers a resistance response in brassica napus and b. juncea carrying the resistance gene, rlm6. avrlm6-like genes are present as large families (>15 members) in all sequenced strains of v. inaequalis and v. p ...	2015	26635823
uroperitoneum in cattle: ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment.	this review describes causes, clinical signs, metabolic changes in serum and peritoneal fluid, diagnosis and treatment of uroperitoneum. rupture of the bladder or urachus is the most common cause of uroperitoneum. the main clinical sign is a pear-shaped enlargement of the abdomen accompanied by gradual deterioration in demeanour and appetite. ultrasonography shows massive accumulation of anechoic abdominal fluid and organs suspended in the fluid. bladder defects may be seen cystoscopically and t ...	2015	26138743
fast and online determination of five avermectin residues in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin using reusable polymeric monolithic extractor coupled with lc-ms/ms.	a hydrophobic monolith (10 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) was developed as a reusable online solid-phase extraction (spe) sorbent coupled with lc-ms/ms for the rapid determination of five avermectin residues in foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin. the online spe was achieved using a 10 mmol/l ammonium acetate solution as the loading solvent, and acetonitrile (mecn) was selected for the washing step. after being transferred from the monolith into a c18 analytical column using mecn, the analytes were an ...	2015	25865176
a binary host plant volatile lure combined with acetic acid to monitor codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae).	field studies were conducted in the united states, hungary, and new zealand to evaluate the effectiveness of septa lures loaded with ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) and (e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (nonatriene) alone and in combination with an acetic acid co-lure for both sexes of codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.). additional studies were conducted to evaluate these host plant volatiles and acetic acid in combination with the sex pheromone, (e,e)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone). ...	2015	26314018
phenotypic screen for rnai effects in the codling moth cydia pomonella.	rnai-based technologies have the potential to augment, or replace existing pest management strategies. however, some insect taxa are less susceptible to the induction of the post-transcriptional gene silencing effect than others, such as the lepidoptera. here we describe experiments to investigate the induction of rnai in the codling moth, cydia pomonella, a major lepidopteran pest of apple, pear, and walnut. prior to a knockdown screen, fluorescently labeled small interfering rna (sirna) and do ...	2015	26162675
mitochondrial dna revealed the extent of genetic diversity and invasion origin of populations from two separate invaded areas of a newly invasive pest, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in china.	cydia pomonella is a serious invasive insect pest in china, and has caused severe damage to the production of apple and pear in its invaded areas. this species is distributing in the northwest and northeast of china, but no occurrence of it has been recorded in the large areas (about 3000-5000 km away) between the invaded northwestern and northeastern regions despite continuous monitoring. as yet the genetic diversity and invasion origin of the c. pomonella populations in northwestern and northe ...	2015	25895900
draft genome sequence of erwinia billingiae osu19-1, isolated from a pear tree canker.	plant-associated erwinia include pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. we report the 5.6-mb genome sequence of erwinia billingiae osu19-1, isolated from a canker on a pear tree inoculated with erwinia amylovora. osu19-1 and a closely related european isolate, e. billingiae eb661(t), share many similarities including 40 kb of plasmid sequence.	2015	26430039
biphenyl 4-hydroxylases involved in aucuparin biosynthesis in rowan and apple are cytochrome p450 736a proteins.	upon pathogen attack, fruit trees such as apple (malus spp.) and pear (pyrus spp.) accumulate biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins, with aucuparin as a major biphenyl compound. 4-hydroxylation of the biphenyl scaffold, formed by biphenyl synthase (bis), is catalyzed by a cytochrome p450 (cyp). the biphenyl 4-hydroxylase (b4h) coding sequence of rowan (sorbus aucuparia) was isolated and functionally expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). sab4h was named cyp736a107. no catalytic function ...	2015	25862456
genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: a contribution to species characterization.	alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is the main cause of most spoilage problems in fruit juices and acidic products. since soil borne species often contaminate fruit juices and do not need strict extreme requirements for survival, it is a great concern to investigate whether and how soil species could evolve from their ecological niches in microbial community to new environments as fruit juices. in this study, 23 isolates of thermo-acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria from soil were characterized by ...	2015	26484547
identification and characterization of micrornas from in vitro-grown pear shoots infected with apple stem grooving virus in response to high temperature using small rna sequencing.	micrornas (mirnas) have functions in diverse biological processes such as growth, signal transduction, disease resistance, and stress responses in plants. thermotherapy is an effective approach for elimination of viruses from fruit trees. however, the role of mirnas in this process remains elusive. previously, we showed that high temperature treatment reduces the titers of apple stem grooving virus (asgv) from the tips of in vitro-grown pyrus pyrifolia plants. in this study, we identified high t ...	2015	26573813
candidate resistant genes of sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) to alternaria alternata revealed by transcriptome sequencing.	pear black spot (pbs) disease, which is caused by alternaria alternata (aa), is one of the most serious diseases affecting sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) cultivation worldwide. to investigate the defense mechanisms of sand pear in response to aa, the transcriptome of a sand pear germplasm with differential resistance to aa was analyzed using illumina paired-end sequencing. four libraries derived from pbs-resistant and pbs-susceptible sand pear leaves were characterized through inoculation or ...	2015	26292286
virulence factors of erwinia amylovora: a review.	erwinia amylovora, a gram negative bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production. among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective. pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natur ...	2015	26057748
identification of a novel phylogenetic lineage of alternaria alternata causing citrus brown spot in china.	alternaria alternata sensu lato, casual agent of citrus brown spot, first identified in yunnan province in 2010 and subsequently found in zhejiang, hunan, guangdong provinces, chongqing municipality andguangxi autonomous region in china. during 2010-2012, 86 isolates were collected from diseased citrus, of which 85 % isolates were pathogenic to ponkan tangerine. phylogenetic analyses of chinese and worldwide isolates using partial sequences of an endopolygalacturonase gene (endopg) and combined ...	2015	25937061
syntheses of natural 1,3-polyol/α-pyrone and its all stereoisomers to estimate antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi.	all stereoisomers of 1,3-polyol/α-pyrone 1-8 with more than 99% ee were synthesized to estimate the effect of stereochemistry on the antifungal activity. the absolute configuration of natural compound was determined as (6r,2's,4'r)-2. the eight stereoisomers showed the antifungal activity against plant pathogenic alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype and colletotrichum lagenarium. the large difference of activity level was not observed between stereoisomers, showing 43-72% of growth ratio ...	2015	25872981
medfly ceratitis capitata as potential vector for fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora: survival and transmission.	monitoring the ability of bacterial plant pathogens to survive in insects is required for elucidating unknown aspects of their epidemiology and for designing appropriate control strategies. erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes fire blight, a devastating disease in apple and pear commercial orchards. studies on fire blight spread by insects have mainly focused on pollinating agents, such as honeybees. however, the mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) ceratitis capitata (dipte ...	2015	25978369
different morphologies of leishmania major amastigotes with no molecular diversity in a neglected endemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran.	molecular diversity of leishmania major and its morphological changes have become a controversial issue among researchers. some aspects of polymorphic shapes of amastigotes in clinical manifestations along with molecular variation were evaluated among suspected patients of some exceptional zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis locations in northern khuzestan, southwestern iran.	2015	26081070
the crystal structure of erwinia amylovora levansucrase provides a snapshot of the products of sucrose hydrolysis trapped into the active site.	levansucrases are members of the glycoside hydrolase family and catalyse both the hydrolysis of the substrate sucrose and the transfer of fructosyl units to acceptor molecules. in the presence of sufficient sucrose, this may either lead to the production of fructooligosaccharides or fructose polymers. aim of this study is to rationalise the differences in the polymerisation properties of bacterial levansucrases and in particular to identify structural features that determine different product sp ...	2015	26208466
complete dsrna sequence of a novel victorivirus isolated from the pear stem wart fungus botryosphaeria dothidea.	botryosphaeria dothidea is a pathogen that causes many important diseases of deciduous fruit trees worldwide. in this study, a double-stranded (ds) rna of 5322 base pairs (bp) in length from strain gy25 of b. dothidea was isolated and sequenced. the dsrna potentially contained two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the predicted gene product of orf1 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity, 37 % (e-value, 8e(-101)), to the capsid protein of rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (rnv1), a ...	2015	25416855
distribution patterns of babesia gibsoni infection in hunting dogs from nine japanese islands.	canine babesiosis constitutes a major global veterinary medical problem caused by tick-borne hemoparasites babesia gibsoni and babesia canis. babesia gibsoni induces more severe clinical signs and is mainly transmitted by the ixodid haemaphysalis longicornis. in japan, b. gibsoni is primarily found in the western districts, with few records in the eastern parts. the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate distribution patterns of b. gibsoni infection in 9 japanese islands and peninsulas ...	2015	25419881
one-step multiplex quantitative rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection of viroids and phytoplasmas of pome fruit trees.	a one-step multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) based on taqman chemistry was developed for the simultaneous detection of pear blister canker viroid and apple scar skin viroid along with universal detection of phytoplasmas, in pome trees. total nucleic acids (tnas) extraction was performed according to a modified ctab protocol. primers and taqman mgb probes for specific detection of the two viroids were designed in this study, whereas for phy ...	2015	25479356
molecular and parasitological survey of bovine piroplasms in the black sea region, including the first report of babesiosis associated with babesia divergens in turkey.	clinical cases of babesiosis were evaluated, and the frequency of bovine babesia and theileria parasites was determined in cattle. blood samples and thin blood smears were collected from 23 cattle exhibiting clinical signs of babesiosis. in addition, tick and blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy cattle cograzing from the same area. egg masses obtained from fully engorged female ticks were included. dna isolated from blood and tick samples was screened for babesia and theileri ...	2015	26336265
improving the performance of the granulosis virus of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) by adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with sugar.	studies were conducted with the codling moth granulosis virus (cpgv) to evaluate whether adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae meyen ex e. c. hansen with brown cane sugar could improve larval control of cydia pomonella (l.). larval mortalities in dipped-apple bioassays with s. cerevisiae or sugar alone were not significantly different from the water control. the addition of s. cerevisiae but not sugar with cpgv significantly increased larval mortality compared with cpgv alone. the combinatio ...	2015	26313179
complementary dna cloning of the pear 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase gene and agrobacterium-mediated anti-sense genetic transformation.	the aim of the present study was to genetically modify plantlets of the chinese yali pear to reduce their expression of ripening-associated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (aco) and therefore increase the shelf-life of the fruit. primers were designed with selectivity for the conserved regions of published aco gene sequences, and yali complementary dna (cdna) cloning was performed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the obtained cdna fragment cont ...	2015	26460204
a comparative proteome analysis reveals flagellin, chemotaxis regulated proteins and amylovoran to be involved in virulence differences between erwinia amylovora strains.	erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the destructive disease fire blight affecting most members of the rosaceae family, of which apple and pear are economically the most important hosts. e. amylovora has been considered as a homogeneous species in whole, although significant differences in virulence patterns have been observed. however, the underlying causes of the differences in virulence remain to be discovered. in a first-time comparative proteomic approach using e. amyl ...	2015	25849252
role of electron transport chain of chloroplasts in oxidative burst of interaction between erwinia amylovora and host cells.	erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium, causing the fire blight disease on many rosaceous plants. triggering oxidative burst by e. amylovora is a key response by which host plants try to restrain pathogen spread. electron transport chain (etc) of chloroplasts is known as an inducible source of reactive oxygen species generation in various stresses. this research was performed to assess the role of this etc in e. amylovora-host interaction using several inhibitors of this chain in susceptibl ...	2015	25820489
erwinia amylovora pyrc mutant causes fire blight despite pyrimidine auxotrophy.	erwinia amylovora bacteria cause fire blight disease, which affects apple and pear production worldwide. the erw. amylovora pyrc gene encodes a predicted dihydroorotase enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. here, we discovered that the erw. amylovora pyrc244::tn5 mutant was a uracil auxotroph. unexpectedly, the erw. amylovora pyrc244::tn5 mutant grew as well as the wild-type in detached immature apple and pear fruits. fire blight symptoms caused by the pyrc244::tn5 mutant in immature apple ...	2015	25789570
characterization of streptomycin resistance in isolates of erwinia amylovora in california.	in surveys from 2006 to 2014, streptomycin resistance in erwinia amylovora from pear-growing areas in california declined from very high incidence in 2006 and 2007 to very low incidence in 2013 and 2014. the majority of resistant strains were designated as moderately resistant-low (mr-l), and were almost exclusively found in sacramento county, whereas highly resistant (hr) strains were only recovered in sutter-yuba and san joaquin counties. resistance of hr strains was associated with a mutation ...	2015	26413887
immunoproteomic tools are used to identify masked allergens: ole e 12, an allergenic isoflavone reductase from olive (olea europaea) pollen.	proteins performing important biochemical activities in the olive tree (olea europaea) pollen have been identified as allergens. one novel 37-kda protein seems to be associated to the ige-binding profile of a group of patients suffering allergy to peach and olive pollen. three previously described olive pollen allergens exhibit very similar molecular mass. our objective was to identify this allergen by using immunoproteomic approaches. after 2d-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, peptide sequ ...	2015	26391288
enhanced tolerance and accumulation of heavy metal ions by engineered escherichia coli expressing pyrus calleryana phytochelatin synthase.	contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental problem worldwide and microbial bioremediation is an efficient method for removing this type of pollution. the plant enzymephytochelatin synthase (pcs, also known as glutathione g-glutamylcysteinyltransferase, ec2.3.2.15) involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins (pcs), which are metal-binding cysteine-rich peptides, has a major role in the detoxification of heavy metals in plants. expression of the pcpcs1 gene from the bean pear (pyrus ca ...	2015	25727053
hurdle technology applied to prickly pear beverages for inhibiting saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli.	the effect of ph reduction (from 6·30-6·45 to 4·22-4·46) and the addition of antimicrobial compounds (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) on the inhibition of saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli in prickly pear beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of villanueva (v, opuntia albicarpa) and rojo vigor (rv, opuntia ficus-indica) varieties during 14 days of storage at 25°c, was evaluated. rv variety presented the highest microbial inhibition. by combining ph reduction and preserva ...	2015	25702901
protein enrichment of an opuntia ficus-indica cladode hydrolysate by cultivation of candida utilis and kluyveromyces marxianus.	the cladodes of opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) have a low protein content; for use as a balanced feed, supplementation with other protein sources is therefore desirable. we investigated protein enrichment by cultivation of the yeasts candida utilis and kluyveromyces marxianus in an enzymatic hydrolysate of the cladode biomass.	2015	25371280
ultraviolet-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on organic fruit surfaces.	this study investigated uv-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of organic apples, pears, strawberries, red raspberries and cantaloupes. fruit surfaces spot inoculated with cocktail strains of e. coli o157:h7 and l. monocytogenes were exposed to uv-c doses up to 11.9 kj/m(2) at 23 °c. fruit surface roughness, contact angle, and surface energy were determined and correlated with uv-c inactivation kinetics. results demonstrate that bacterial pa ...	2015	26122954
effect of ripeness stage during processing on listeria monocytogenes growth on fresh-cut 'conference' pears.	there are several factors that affect the shelf life of fresh-cut fruit, including the cultivar, the ripeness stage of the fruit during processing and the fruit's storage atmosphere and temperature. the effect of fruit ripeness during processing on the survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut 'conference' pear slices at different temperatures (5, 10 and 20 °c) was studied. the four ripeness stages studied in this work (assessed by a fruit's firmness) were mature-green (54-60 n) ...	2015	25846921
the ability of a cold-adapted rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain from tibet to control blue mold in pear fruit.	cold-adapted yeasts were isolated from soil samples collected in tibet and evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against blue mold (penicillium expansum) of pear fruit in cold storage. yc1, an isolate identified as rhodotorula mucilaginosa, was found to exhibit the greatest biocontrol activity among the different isolates that were screened. a washed cell suspension of yc1 exhibited the best biocontrol activity among three different preparations that were used in the current study. a concentr ...	2015	26454432
antifungal effect of gamma irradiation and sodium dichloroisocyanurate against penicillium expansum on pears.	gamma irradiation (gi) was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against penicillium expansum on pear fruits. gi showed a complete inhibition of spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial of p. expansum, especially 1·8 kgy. gi affected the membrane integrity and cellular leakage of conidia in a dose-dependent manner. furthermore, the leakage of protein and sugar from mycelia increased along with the dose. gi was evaluated at lower doses in combination with a chlori ...	2015	26174206
evaluation of yeasts from tibetan fermented products as agents for biocontrol of blue mold of nashi pear fruits.	a total of 20 strains of yeast isolated from tibetan fermented products were screened for antagonism against blue mold of pear caused by penicillium expansum. six isolates that inhibited incidence of postharvest decay by 35% or more were selected for further screening. among them, the most effective was rhodotorula mucilaginosa. the results showed that washed cell suspensions of r. mucilaginosa yielded better antagonistic efficacy than unwashed cell-culture mixtures, cell-free culture filtrates, ...	2015	25845361
effect of the yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum on postharvest decay and patulin accumulation in apples and pears.	the effect of a strain of marine yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum on postharvest blue mold and patulin accumulation in apples and pears stored at 23°c was evaluated. the occurrence and severity of apple and pear decay caused by penicillium expansum were significantly inhibited by r. paludigenum. however, the application of the yeast at a high concentration (10(8) cells per ml) enhanced patulin accumulation after 7 days of storage; the amount of patulin increased 24.2 times and 12.6 times compare ...	2015	25581191
nelson gorham russell.		2015	13486596
transcriptome profiling reveals differential gene expression in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis associated with red/green skin color mutant of pear (pyrus communis l.).	anthocyanin concentration is the key determinant for red skin color in pear fruit. however, the molecular basis for development of red skin is complicated and has not been well-understood thus far. "starkrimson" (pyrus communis l.), an introduced red pear cultivated in the north of china and its green mutant provides a desirable red/green pair for identification of candidate genes involved in color variation. here, we sequenced and annotated the transcriptome for the red/green color mutant at th ...	2015	26483812
testing spirotetramat as an alternative solution to abamectin for cacopsylla pyri (hemiptera: psyllidae) control: laboratory and field tests.	aim of the study was to investigate the performance of the new insecticide "spirotetramat" as an alternative solution of "abamectin" for the control of cacopsylla pyri l. (hemiptera: psyllidae) in the context of an ipm program in european pear, pyrus communis l.. laboratory bioassays for the estimation of lc50 and lc90 of both insecticides were performed using four populations collected in emilia-romagna (italy) orchards where different pest management strategies were used (organic, integrated, ...	2015	26470374
personalized therapy for generalized lymphatic anomaly/gorham-stout disease with a combination of sunitinib and taxol.	the recently revised issva classification approved in melbourne in april 2014 recognizes generalized lymphatic anomaly and lymphatic malformation in gorham-stout disease. the 2 entities can overlap in presentation, as both are characterized by destructive lymphatic vessel invasion of the axial skeleton and surrounding soft tissues. at least at present, no standard therapeutic options exist, and due to the rarity of the disease, no clinical trials are available. we present 2 patients, 1 with gene ...	2015	26458155
a transcriptome approach towards understanding the development of ripening capacity in 'bartlett' pears (pyrus communis l.).	the capacity of european pear fruit (pyrus communis l.) to ripen after harvest develops during the final stages of growth on the tree. the objective of this study was to characterize changes in 'bartlett' pear fruit physico-chemical properties and transcription profiles during fruit maturation leading to attainment of ripening capacity.	2015	26452470
gorham disease of the mandible.	gorham disease, or massive osteolysis, is a rare condition of unknown etiology. the disease is characterized by spontaneous progressive osteolysis of 1 or more skeletal bones. the mandible is the most commonly involved bone in the maxillofacial region. this article reports a case of gorham disease with mandibular involvement in a 46-year-old male patient with a 7-year follow-up. in this case, we performed lower right mandibular osteotomy and reconstruction with a phased titanium plate. postopera ...	2015	25759934
degro guidelines for the radiotherapy of non-malignant disorders : part iii: hyperproliferative disorders.	radiation therapy (rt) is an established and effective treatment modality in the management of a large variety of hyperproliferative disorders and benign neoplasms. objective of this article is to summarize the updated degro consensus s2e guideline recommendations.	2015	25753848
a successfully treated case of gorham-stout syndrome with sternal involvement.	gorham-stout syndrome (gss) is a rare disease characterized by localized bone resorption. any part of the skeleton may be affected; therefore, symptoms can vary depending on the site involved. pathological analysis reveals lymphovascular proliferation and osteolysis in the affected lesion, but the etiology of the disease is poorly understood. when gss occurs in the chest, chylothorax or respiratory failure may occur. thus far, a standard treatment for gss has not been established, and the progno ...	2015	25705608
vertebroplasty in a 10-year-old boy with gorham-stout syndrome.	to describe our experience using balloon vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate filler in a 10-year-old boy with gorham-stout syndrome. gorham-stout syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by intraosseous proliferation of fibrovascular or lymphatic tissue that results in progressive osteolysis and bone destruction. it can affect any part of the skeleton and lead to pathological fractures and muscular weakness or atrophy. the literature contains few reports on the surgic ...	2015	25586760
gorham-stout disease presenting with dyspnea and bone pain in a 9-year-old girl.	gorham-stout (gs) disease is a rare bone disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by local proliferation of small vascular or lymphatic channels, resulting in progressive osteolysis and bone resorption. the diagnosis of gs disease is one of exclusion, with radiography and histopathology playing key roles. we describe a 9-year-old girl who presented to us with dyspnea and bone pain. she was found to have a cystic mass of the upper extremity, multiple cystic bone lesions, multiple fractu ...	2015	27398124
minireview: nuclear receptor regulation of osteoclast and bone remodeling.	osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells essential for skeletal remodeling and regeneration. however, excessive osteoclasts often contribute to prevalent bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer bone metastasis. osteoclast dysregulation is also associated with rare disorders such as osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis, paget's disease, and gorham-stout syndrome. the nuclear receptor (nr) family of transcription factors functions as metabolic sensors that control a variety of ...	2015	25549044
lymphangiomatosis with dental involvement.	lymphangiomatosis characterized by lymphangiomatous proliferation is a rare disease of unknown etiology, which seems to be more aggressive than gorham-stout syndrome, also known as "the vanished bone disease."	2015	25192473
expression of flowering locus t2 transgene from pyrus communis l. delays dormancy and leaf senescence in malus×domestica borkh, and causes early flowering in tobacco.	annual and perennial plants represent two different evolutionary strategies based on differential synchronization of their reproductive development. the mobile signal protein flowering locus t (ft) plays a central role in mediating the onset of reproduction in both plant types. two novel ft-like genes from pear (pyrus communis)-pcft1 and pcft2-were isolated, and their expression profiles were determined for one annual cycle. the effects of pcft2 on flowering were investigated in annual (tobacco) ...	2015	26706068
new synonymies for australian cleridae (coleoptera).	the following synonymies are proposed based on examination of primary types (lectotypes are designated for all taxa except those marked with a '*'): lemidia spinnipennis lea, 1907 syn. n. and lemidia bicolor schenkling, 1906 syn. n. = lemidia biaculeata (westwood); lemidia mastersi lea, 1907 syn. n. = lemidia circumcincta schenkling, 1906; lemidia albonotata pic, 1941 syn. n. = lemidia laticeps lea, 1907; lemidia australiae lea, 1907 syn. n. = lemidia maculata schenkling, 1902; lemidia bilineatr ...	2015	26701481
vanishing mandible: a rare case report with accent to recent concepts on aetio-pathogenesis.	massive osteolysis is a rare idiopathic bone disease resulting in progressive destruction of bone. considering the rarity of encountering this fascinating bone disease, it is often misinterpreted as some other osteolytic disease. hence, we present a well-documented case of massive osteolysis in a 29-year-old female patient with complete clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and microscopic features along with surgical photographs, which has been effectively managed at our hospital.	2015	26674137
gorham-stout disease of the proximal fibula treated with radiotherapy and zoledronic acid.	gorham-stout disease is a rare disease characterized by anarchic lymphovascular proliferation causing resorption of bone sometimes leading to disastrous complications. bone tissue is progressively replaced by angiomatic and lymphangiomatic tissue and finally by fibrous tissue. this disease is known to be ubiquitous and of complex etiology. we present a case of gorham-stout disease of the proximal fibula invading the proximal tibia and soft tissues of the popliteal space that was successfully tre ...	2015	26579487
surgical management of gorham-stout disease of the pelvis refractory to medical and radiation therapy.	gorham-stout disease (gsd) is a rare condition characterized by spontaneous idiopathic bone resorption that can affect any part of the skeleton. treatment is aimed at halting osteolysis and alleviating complications associated with bone loss. often this can be achieved via observation and supportive management, medical treatment, and/or radiation therapy. we report a case of gsd of the pelvis that was refractory to medical and radiation therapy and was managed successfully with surgery. a 30-yea ...	2015	26566566
erratum, vol. 12, october 15 release.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140583.]. in the article “effectiveness of fresh to you, a discount fresh fruit and vegetable market in low-income neighborhoods, on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, rhode island, 2010–2011,” we inadvertently listed an author affiliation for sara gorham incorrectly. ms. gorham is affiliated with the institute for community health promotion, brown university school of public health, providence, rhode island. the changes were made to our web ...	2015	26542140
[lymphangiomatosis and gorham-stout disease].	lymphangiomatosis (recently renamed "generalized lymphatic anomaly") is a rare disease of unknown etiology that features an increase in the number of lymphatic vessels in many different tissues. gorham-stout disease(gsd) is a related disease characterized by lymphatic vessels involving the bones and resulting in progressive bone destruction. respective definitions remain unclear because these conditions largely overlap in the clinical setting and are both associated with pleural effusion and oth ...	2015	26529945
natural polyamines and synthetic analogs modify the growth and the morphology of pyrus communis pollen tubes affecting ros levels and causing cell death.	polyamines (pas) are small molecules necessary for pollen maturation and tube growth. their role is often controversial, since they may act as pro-survival factors as well as factors promoting programmed cell death (pcd). the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of exogenous pas on the apical growth of pear (pyrus communis) pollen tube and to understand if pas and reactive oxygen species (ros) are interconnected in the process of tip-growth. in the present study besides natural pas ...	2015	26398794
genetic control of pear rootstock-induced dwarfing and precocity is linked to a chromosomal region syntenic to the apple dw1 loci.	the vigour and precocity of trees highly influences their efficiency in commercial production. in apple, dwarfing rootstocks allow high-density plantings while their precocious flowering enables earlier fruit production. currently, there is a lack of pear (pyrus communis l.) rootstocks that are equivalent to the high yielding apple rootstock 'm9'. for the efficient breeding of new pyrus rootstocks it is crucial to understand the genetic determinants of vigour control and precocity. in this study ...	2015	26394845
evaluating the influence of the microsatellite marker set on the genetic structure inferred in pyrus communis l.	fingerprinting information can be used to elucidate in a robust manner the genetic structure of germplasm collections, allowing a more rational and fine assessment of genetic resources. bayesian model-based approaches are nowadays majorly preferred to infer genetic structure, but it is still largely unresolved how marker sets should be built in order to obtain a robust inference. the objective was to evaluate, in pyrus germplasm collections, the influence of the ssr marker set size on the geneti ...	2015	26382618
99mtc(v)-dmsa spect-ct findings in a case of gorham-stout disease.	the gorham-stout disease is a very rare condition, characterized by lymphovascular proliferation and massive bone resorption. we present a 48-year-old male patient with osteolysis involving the left femoral head and neck, as well as to the ipsilateral acetabulum. besides the morphological imaging, he underwent bone scintigraphy, technetium-99m-v-dimercaptosuccinic acid [99mtc(v)-dmsa] single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (spect/ct) and histological examination. together ...	2015	26315871
polyphenolic profile of pear leaves with different resistance to pear psylla (cacopsylla pyri).	the european pear psylla, cacopsylla pyri l. (hemiptera: psyllidae), is one of the most serious arthropod pests of pear. since proper control of this pest is essential, better understanding of the complex plant-pest relationship is mandatory. this research deals with constitutive polyphenolic profiles in leaves of 22 pear cultivars of diverse origin (p. communis, p. pyrifolia, and p. pyrifolia × p. communis) and different resistance to psylla. the study was designed to show which differences in ...	2015	26278376
cycadophila, a new genus (coleoptera: erotylidae: pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cycas debaoensis (cycadaceae) in asia.	asian species assigned to pharaxonotha reitter formed a separate clade from new world species of the genus and are distinguished on the basis of morphology and analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences. cycadophila, new genus, is described based on a consideration of four asian species in comparison with new world pharaxonotha. this new genus includes two new species (cycadophila debaonica new species and cycadophila fupingensis new species) and two previously described species (cycadophila nigra (gor ...	2015	26250187
influence of maturity and storage period on physical and biochemical characteristics of pear during post cold storage at ambient conditions.	the fruits of semi-soft pear (pyrus communis) cv. punjab beauty harvested at three different harvest dates were stored at 0-1(0) c temperature with 90-95 % relative humidity for 30, 45, 60 and 75 days to assess the physical and chemical changes during storage. after every storage interval, the fruits were removed and kept at room temperature for 3 and 6 days to study the shelf life of fruits. immature fruits always had the highest values of flesh firmness; optimum-mature fruits had the next and ...	2015	26243965
the therapeutic response in gorham's syndrome to the beta-blocking agent propranolol is correlated to vegf-a, but not to vegf-c or flt1 expression.	gorham's syndrome is a rare illness of unknown etiology. it is characterized by a local proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that in bones leads to progressive resorption and destruction. the cause of the disease is not elucidated, and therapeutic options remain limited.	2015	26238450
fatal progression of gorham disease: a case report and review of the literature.	gorham disease is an idiopathic massive osteolysis, and maxillofacial involvement is rare. this report describes a case of a 12-year-old boy with severe progressive osteolysis in the mandible, hyoid bone, mastoid process, and cervical spine. radiation therapy and interferon-α therapy were followed by bisphosphonate therapy. the patient died of respiratory failure. to describe the clinicopathologic features of gorham disease of the jaws with an emphasis on the fatal types, 64 cases in the literat ...	2015	26169484
metabolic profiling of developing pear fruits reveals dynamic variation in primary and secondary metabolites, including plant hormones.	metabolites in the fruits of edible plants include sweet sugars, visually appealing pigments, various products with human nutritional value, and biologically active plant hormones. although quantities of these metabolites vary during fruit development and ripening because of cell division and enlargement, there are few reports describing the actual dynamics of these changes. therefore, we applied multiple metabolomic techniques to identify the changes in metabolite levels during the development ...	2015	26168247
richard gorham.		2015	26114723
total joint replacement for severe bilateral condylar resorption--gorham-stout syndrome.	gorham-stout syndrome is an extremely rare bone disorder characterized by osteolytic bony resorption. it is of unknown etiology and thought to result from localized endothelial proliferation of lymphatic vessels that cause the bony resorption. diagnosis of gorham-stout can only be made after excluding other common causes of bony resorption such as those caused by infection, inflammation, malignancy, and endocrine. the clinical symptoms vary from minor pain and swelling to non-healing fractures f ...	2015	26080240
[atypical presentation of gorham-stout syndrome: case report].	gorham-stout syndrome is an extremely rare pathology, of unknown etiology. it is characterized by proliferation of vascular channels that causes destruction and reabsorption of the bone matrix. we present a nine year-old male patient with an acute episode characterized by fever, chest pain, respiratory distress and dyspnea. the patient was submitted to computed tomography scan and a biopsy. the findings in the biopsy were multiple lytic lesions, osteolysis, and a mediastinal lymphangioma (lympha ...	2015	25996335
notes on the genus mada mulsant with description of a new andean species (coleoptera: coccinellidae: epilachnini).	mada andeana, a new species from the andes is here described. diagnostic characters are illustrated for both male and female. mada durantae gonzález et gómez is here synonymized with mada inepta (gorham), new synonymy.	2015	25947436
[sensitization to pollens of oleaceae family in a group of patients from mexico city].	in mexico city, where the olive trees are scarce, the oleaceae family has been recognized as one of the most important causes of pollen allergy, possibly related to cross-reactivity with other pollens of the oleaceae family, as fraxinus excelsior, ligustrum vulgaris and osmanthus americanus.	2015	20088452
combined effect of temperature and controlled atmosphere on storage and shelf-life of 'rocha' pear treated with 1-methylcyclopropene.	the combination of temperature and atmosphere composition for storage of pyrus communis l. 'rocha' treated with 1-methylcyclopropene was investigated. fruits treated with 312 nl l(-1) 1-methylcyclopropene were stored at 0 ℃ and 2.5 ℃ in air and controlled atmosphere (ca) (3.04 kpa o2+ 0.91 kpa co2). fruits were removed from storage after 14, 26 and 35 weeks, transferred to shelf-life at approximately 22 ℃ and assessed for ripening and quality, symptoms of superficial scald and internal browning ...	2015	24216324
novel molecular pathways in gorham disease: implications for treatment.	rapid advances in evidence-based treatment schedules are a hallmark of modern oncology. in rare neoplastic diseases, however, clinical expertise is hard to build and evidence based on randomized trials almost impossible to collect. gorham disease is a rare form of lymphatic proliferation accompanied by osteolysis, which usually occurs in young adults. despite the fact that the clinical course of gorham disease is often devastating and occasionally fatal, insights into its biological background a ...	2014	24214028
gorham disease of the lumbar spine with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report.	reports of gorham disease of the lumbar spine complicated by abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare.	2014	24161363
propranolol as a treatment option in gorham-stout syndrome: a case report.	gorham-stout syndrome is a very rare syndrome characterized by progressive angiomatosis and lymphangiomas involving multiple organs. we describe herein a girl with progressive gorham-stout syndrome since the age of 13 years. her disease involved the mediastinum, pericardium, vertebrae, ribs, and skull and did not respond to interferon and bisphosphonates. propranolol administration was initiated at the age of 18 years and was associated with improvement in pulmonary function tests and involution ...	2014	24000203
unspecific, idiopathic isolated osteolysis (gorham-stout syndrome) of the mandibular condylar process with its radiological, histological and clinical features: a case report and review of literature.	the unspecific, idiopathic isolated osteolysis is a rare condition in the various known osteopathies and better known as gorham-stout syndrome (gorham's disease, gd). it belongs to the primary idiopathic osteolysis, and its aetiology is poorly understood. many different localisations have been described, but there are only 48 cases affecting the maxillofacial region until now.	2014	23378037
gorham's disease with chest wall involvement: a case report and a review of the literature.	gorham's disease is a rare disorder characterized by osteolysis and abnormal vascular growth within bones. diagnosis of gorham's disease is often delayed and for accurate and early diagnosis high clinical suspicion is crucial. no specific treatment is available. management options include surgery, radiation therapy and medical therapy. we aimed to present the first case of gorham's disease with chest wall involvement in iran. by review of the literature we discussed important issues of this rare ...	2014	25763205
laboratory models for the investigation of lymphangiomatosis.	lymphangiomatosis is an uncommon proliferative disorder of the lymphatic vasculature whose etiology remains poorly understood. the lymphangiomatosis spectrum encompasses a remarkable heterogeneity in its potential presentation, including micro- and macrocystic isolated lymphatic malformations, thoracic and intraabdominal diffuse lymphangiomatosis, and osseous and soft-tissue presentations known as gorham-stout disease. recent therapeutic advances are empirical in nature or, at best, inferential, ...	2014	25173588
an unusual cause of recurrent chylothorax: gorham syndrome.		2014	25057476
redescription of platynaspisflavoguttata (gorham) (coleoptera, coccinellidae) and notes on nomenclature of platynaspiskapuri chakraborty & biswas.	platynaspisflavoguttata (gorham) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) is redescribed and the male genitalia are illustrated for the first time. it is also recorded from sri lanka for the first time. platynaspisbimaculata (hoang, 1983) is a new junior synonym of platynaspisbimaculata pang & mao, 1979 (new synonym). platynaspiskapuri chakraborty & biswas, 2000, the replacement name for platynaspisbimaculata pang & mao, 1979 established by ukrainsky (2007), is also the new replacement name for platynaspisbi ...	2014	25057247
growth medium alterations improve in vitro cold storage of pear germplasm.	development of new fruit cultivars is dependent on genetic resource collections such as those at the pomological garden of the institute of horticulture and viticulture near almaty, kazakhstan. the pear germplasm collection of the pomological garden contains 615 cultivars and three species. in vitro cold storage of the collection would provide additional security to the field collection.	2014	24997837
gorham-stout disease mimicking spondyloarthritis.		2014	24986965
ultrastructure of plant leaf cuticles in relation to sample preparation as observed by transmission electron microscopy.	the leaf cuticular ultrastructure of some plant species has been examined by transmission electron microscopy (tem) in only few studies. attending to the different cuticle layers and inner structure, plant cuticles have been grouped into six general morphological types. with the aim of critically examining the effect of cuticle isolation and preparation for tem analysis on cuticular ultrastructure, adaxial leaf cuticles of blue-gum eucalypt, grey poplar, and european pear were assessed, followin ...	2014	24895682
[is the wait-and-see approach in gorham syndrome a therapeutic option?].		2014	24890889
nomenclatural notes on some checkered beetle (coleoptera: cleridae) types of the natural history museum, london (bmnh).	lectotypes were designated (and holotypes and paralectotypes recognized) for 44 species of hydnocerinae, including the type species for isolemidia, parmius, paupris, allelidea, blaesiopthalmus and lemidia, four species of enoclerus (clerinae), and 14 species of cymatodera (tillinae). annotations include comments on additional type material, new type locality, previous (type series) locality, and questionable or mysterious types. phyllobaenus pallipes (gorham) and p. rufithorax (gorham) are synon ...	2014	24870084
gorham-stout syndrome: a case report.	gorham-stout syndrome, is an extremely rare disease of the bone, characterized for vascular and lymphatic channels proliferation in bony segments and consequent osseous resorption. there are around 200 cases reported around the world. although bisphosphonates are used for symptoms relief, there is no standardized treatment established. we present a case that was diagnosed in our centre secondary to a resistant epistaxis and a literature review of this condition.	2014	24825048
gastrointestinal tract involvement of gorham's disease with expression of d2-40 in duodenum.	we present a case of a 13-year-old boy with gorham's disease involving the thoracic and lumbar spine, femur, and gastrointestinal (gi) tract, which was complicated by recurrent chylothorax and gi bleeding. the presenting symptoms were intermittent abdominal pain, back pain, and melena. esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed no abnormal lesions, but duodenal biopsy showed marked dilation of the lymphatics in the mucosa and submucosa, which revealed positive staining with a d2-40 immuno ...	2014	24749089
rare bone diseases and their dental, oral, and craniofacial manifestations.	hereditary diseases affecting the skeleton are heterogeneous in etiology and severity. though many of these conditions are individually rare, the total number of people affected is great. these disorders often include dental-oral-craniofacial (doc) manifestations, but the combination of the rarity and lack of in-depth reporting often limit our understanding and ability to diagnose and treat affected individuals. in this review, we focus on dental, oral, and craniofacial manifestations of rare bo ...	2014	24700690
viewpoints on vessels and vanishing bones in gorham-stout disease.	gorham-stout disease (gsd) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of endothelial-lined vessels in bone and the progressive destruction of bone. although jackson described the first case of gsd in 1838, the clinical and histological features of gsd were not defined until gorham and stout published their report on massive osteolysis in 1955. in the years since gorham and stout's groundbreaking publication, more than 300 cases of gsd have been described in the literature. these repor ...	2014	24583233
case 203: gorham disease.	a 77-year-old woman presented with pain in the right elbow of several years duration. there was no history of trauma, immunocompromise, or known malignancy. blood chemistry tests revealed an alkaline phosphatase level of 93 u/l (1.6 μkat/l) (30-120 u/l [0.5-2.0 μkat/l]), a sodium level of 139 mmol/l (135-147 mmol/l), a potassium level of 4.4 mmol/l (3.4-5.0 mmol/l), a calcium level of 2.38 mmol/l (2.2-2.55 mmol/l), a phosphate level of 1.81 mmol/l (0.85-1.5 mmol/l), a c-reactive protein level of ...	2014	24568708
lectotype designations and nomenclatural changes in xylographus mellié (coleoptera, ciidae).	we designate lectotypes and propose nomenclatural changes in xylographus mellié (coleoptera, ciidae) based on type specimens deposited in the museum of comparative zoology (usa), museum für naturkunde berlin (germany), the natural history museum (uk), muséum d'histoire naturelle de la ville de genève (switzerland), muséum national d'histoire naturelle (france), naturhistoriska riksmuseet (sweden) and naturhistorisches museum wien (austria). we designate lectotypes for the following species: cis ...	2014	24493963
the phenolic content and its involvement in the graft incompatibility process of various pear rootstocks (pyrus communis l.).	this study investigates the influence of various rootstocks for pear on the phytochemical composition in the phloem above and below the graft union and the role of phenols in pear graft incompatibility. assays of phloem with cambium from 4-year-old 'conference', 'abate fetel' and 'williams' pear trees grafted on different rootstocks: quince ma, quince ba 29, fox 11, farold 40 (daygon), seedling pyrus communis l. and own rooted (p. communis l.) were analyzed with hplc-ms. the most abundant phenol ...	2014	24484960
localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of eucalypt, poplar and pear leaves by enzyme-gold labelling.	the presence and characteristics of cuticle polysaccharides have been demonstrated by staining and spectroscopic methods, but their location in the cuticle remains unclear. furthermore, according to the prevailing model, polysaccharides are believed to be restricted to the cuticular layer and absent in the cuticle proper. with the aim of gaining insight into cuticular ultra-structure focussing on polysaccharides, cellulose and pectins have been identified and located in the transversal sections ...	2014	24445334
molecular, phenotypic aspects and therapeutic horizons of rare genetic bone disorders.	a rare disease afflicts less than 200,000 individuals, according to the national organization for rare diseases (nord) of the united states. over 6,000 rare disorders affect approximately 1 in 10 americans. rare genetic bone disorders remain the major causes of disability in us patients. these rare bone disorders also represent a therapeutic challenge for clinicians, due to lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms. this systematic review explored current literature on therapeutic direction ...	2014	25530967
breast reduction in a patient with gorham-stout vanishing bone syndrome.	the authors describe a 23-year-old woman with gorham's syndrome who underwent an uneventful bilateral reduction mammoplasty which has not been reported in the medical literature today. the patient had undergone multiple surgical and medical interventions before presentation in the senior author's clinic including a vascularized free fibular graft which ultimately disappeared due to disease progression. preoperatively, the patient complained of debilitating neck and back pain secondary to her mac ...	2014	25426364
vanishing bone disease (gorham-stout syndrome): a review of a rare entity.	vanishing bone disease (gorham-stout syndrome) is a rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by destruction of osseous matrix and proliferation of vascular structures, resulting in destruction and absorption of bone. despite the extensive investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, its etiology hasn't been clarified and several theories exist. the syndrome can affect one or multiple bones of the patient, including the skull, the upper and lower extremities, the spine and p ...	2014	25405099
thoracic osteotomy for gorham-stout disease of the spine: a case report and literature review.	gorham-stout syndrome is an aggressive, non-heritable skeletal disease characterized by osteolysis following minor trauma. the primary involvement of the spine is less common (10 %) and has been described in only about 20 cases; there is no consensus about the best way to treat this condition.	2014	25331037
changes in pectin methyl esterase activity with different packaging materials and stages of fruit harvesting during cold storage of pear cv. punjab beauty.	pear cv. punjab beauty has become quite popular in punjab. excessive softening during cold storage leading to low shelf life is the major factor limiting its wider adoption. studies were, therefore, conducted to determine the firmness and pectin methyl esterase (pme) activity at 4 harvest dates (2nd, 3rd and 4th week of july, and 1st week of august). various packaging materials i.e. corrugated fiber board boxes and crates with high and low density polyethylene liners, corrugated fiber board boxe ...	2014	25328240
cerebrospinal fluid leakage in gorham-stout disease due to dura mater involvement after progression of an osteolytic lesion in the thoracic spine.	patients with gorham-stout disease (gsd), a rare disease of poorly understood etiopathophysiology, suffer from progressive osteolysis. destruction of bone matrix is caused by lymphatic vessels, which can lead to csf leakage if parts of bony structures adjacent to csf spaces are involved. so far, fewer than 200 patients have been reported in the literature; only 4 of these patients presented with csf leakage. the authors report the case of a 30-year-old man with gsd and csf leakage due to dura ma ...	2014	25325172