Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| detection of hepatitis e virus genotypes 3 and 4 in pig farms in korea. | the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) is mostly mediated by hev-3 and hev-4, and domestic pigs are an important reservoir for these genotypes. a survey of 14 pig farms in korea revealed hev rna in 30 of 148 (20.3%) fecal samples. hev-3a and hev-4c subtypes were identified from five (36%) and two (14%) pig farms, respectively. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolated hev strains were closely related with previously reported zoonotic strains in korea. this genetic analysis ... | 2017 | 29284214 |
| miniature pig model of human adolescent brain white matter development. | neuroscience research in brain development and disorders can benefit from an in vivo animal model that portrays normal white matter (wm) development trajectories and has a sufficiently large cerebrum for imaging with human mri scanners and protocols. | 2017 | 29277719 |
| toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in breeding pigs in estonia. | toxoplasma gondii is a widespread occurring parasite infecting warm-blooded animals, including pigs and humans. the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodies and to evaluate risk factors for t. gondii seropositivity in breeding pigs raised in estonia. sera from 382 pigs were tested with a commercial direct agglutination test, using a cut-off titer of 40 for seropositivity, for the presence of anti-t. gondii immunoglobulin g antibodies. | 2017 | 29228997 |
| compression sonography for non-invasive measurement of lower leg compartment pressure in an animal model. | compression ultrasound is a non-invasive technique allowing for qualitative visualization and quantitative measurements of mechanical tissue properties. in acute compartment syndrome (acs), cadaver studies have proven that the intra-compartmental pressure (icp) measured by compression sonography correlates with the icp measured invasively. this study aimed to evaluate compression sonography for compartment pressure measurements in an animal model. | 2017 | 29195681 |
| gene expression analyses of the small intestine of pigs in the ex-evacuation zone of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant. | after the accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant, radioactive contaminants were released over a widespread area. monitoring the biological effects of radiation exposure in animals in the ex-evacuation zone should be continued to understand the health effects of radiation exposure in humans. the present study aimed to clarify the effects of radiation by investigating whether there is any alteration in the morphology and gene expressions of immune molecules in the intestine of pigs ... | 2017 | 29141628 |
| like a pig out of water: seaborne spread of domestic pigs in southern italy and sardinia during the bronze and iron ages. | southern italy has a long history of human occupation and passage of different cultures since the early holocene. repeated, ancient introductions of pigs in several geographic areas in europe make it difficult to understand pig translocation and domestication in italy. the archeozoological record may provide fundamental information on this, hence shedding light on peopling and on trading among different ancient cultures in the mediterranean. yet, because of the scanty nature of the fossil record ... | 2017 | 27649620 |
| mechanically stable intraspinal microstimulation implants for human translation. | the goal of this study was to develop stable intraspinal microstimulation (isms) implants for use in humans to restore standing and walking after spinal cord injury. isms electrically activates locomotor networks within the lumbar region of the spinal cord. in animals, isms produced better functional outcomes than those obtained by other interventions, and recent efforts have focused on translating this approach to humans. this study used domestic pigs to: (1) quantify the movements and length c ... | 2017 | 27562143 |
| modulation of the main porcine enteric neuropeptides by a single low-dose of lipopolysaccharide (lps) salmonella enteritidis. | the present research was conducted to investigate the influence of a low, single dose of lps, which does not result in any clinical symptoms of intoxication on the expression of selected neuropeptides within the intestines of the domestic pig. | 2017 | 29255488 |
| comparison of branch and distally focused main renal artery denervation using two different radio-frequency systems in a porcine model. | anatomic placement of lesions may impact efficacy of radio-frequency (rf) catheter renal denervation (rdn). however, it is unclear if it is necessary to perform treatments post bifurcation with systems that may provide deeper penetration to achieve successful rdn. | 2017 | 28465113 |
| genetic characterization of african swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in mozambique and identification of a novel genotype. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most threatening infectious diseases of pigs. there are not sufficient data to indicate the importance of the sylvatic cycle in the spread and maintenance of the disease locally and potentially, globally. to assess the capacity to maintain asf in the environment, we investigated the presence of soft tickreservoirs of asfv in gorongosa national park (gnp) and its surrounding villages. a total of 1,658 soft ticks were recovered from warthog burrows an ... | 2017 | 28921895 |
| leptospira diversity in animals and humans in tahiti, french polynesia. | leptospirosis is a highly endemic bacterial zoonosis in french polynesia (fp). nevertheless, data on the epidemiology of leptospirosis in fp are scarce. we conducted molecular studies on leptospira isolated from humans and the potential main animal reservoirs in order to identify the most likely sources for human infection. | 2017 | 28658269 |
| potential roles of pigs, small ruminants, rodents, and their flea vectors in plague epidemiology in sinda district, eastern zambia. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in the eastern part of zambia that previously reported a plague outbreak. the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of pigs, goats, and sheep as sero-surveillance hosts for monitoring plague, and to investigate the flea vectors and potential reservoir hosts to establish the current status of plague endemicity in the district. serum samples were collected from 96 rodents, 10 shrews, 245 domestic pigs, 232 goats, and 31 sheep, whereas 106 organs ... | 2017 | 28399281 |
| reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity. | morbidity and mortality associated with pseudorabies virus (prv) infection are dependent on the age of the pig and the virulence of the strain. prv strains circulating in wild boar are considered to be low virulent, but no mechanistic explanation for their reduced virulence is available. here infection of 2- and 15-week-old domestic pigs with the prv wild boar strain bel24043 did not induce clinical symptoms in 15-week-old pigs, but resulted in important neurological and respiratory disease in 2 ... | 2017 | 28873002 |
| development of a rapid, simple, and specific real-time pcr assay for detection of pseudorabies viral dna in domestic swine herds. | despite successful eradication of pseudorabies virus (prv) from the commercial pig industry in the united states in 2004, large populations of feral swine in certain regions act as wildlife reservoirs for the virus. given the threat of reintroduction of the virus into domestic herds, a rapid, reliable, easily implemented assay is needed for detection of prv. although a real-time pcr (rtpcr) assay exists, improvements in rtpcr technology and a greater understanding of the diversity of prv strains ... | 2017 | 28467177 |
| brucellosis in mammals of costa rica: an epidemiological survey. | brucellosis has been an endemic disease of cattle and humans in costa rica since the beginning of xx century. however, brucellosis in sheep, goats, pigs, water buffaloes, horses and cetaceans, has not been reported in the country. we have performed a brucellosis survey in these host mammal species, from 1999-2016. in addition, we have documented the number of human brucellosis reported cases, from 2003-2016. the brucellosis seroprevalence in goat and sheep herds was 0.98% and 0.7% respectively, ... | 2017 | 28793352 |
| survey for selected pathogens in wild pigs (sus scrofa) from guam, marianna islands, usa. | pigs (sus scrofa) were introduced to guam in the 1600's and are now present in high densities throughout the island. wild pigs are reservoirs for pathogens of concern to domestic animals and humans. exposure to porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis, and leptospira interrogans has been documented in domestic swine but data from wild pigs are lacking. the close proximity of humans, domestic animals, and wild pigs, combined with the liberal hunting of wild pigs, results in frequent oppo ... | 2017 | 28622856 |
| investigations of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors affecting african swine fever virus replication and pathogenesis. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that replicates predominantly in the cell cytoplasm and is the only member of the asfarviridae family. the virus causes an acute haemorrhagic fever, african swine fever (asf), in domestic pigs and wild boar resulting in the death of most infected animals. apoptosis is induced at an early stage during virus entry or uncoating. however, asfv encodes anti-apoptotic proteins which facilitate production of progeny virions. these anti-apoptotic pro ... | 2017 | 28841179 |
| evaluation of blowfly larvae (diptera: calliphoridae) as possible reservoirs and mechanical vectors of african swine fever virus. | in 2014, highly virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) was introduced into the baltic states and poland, with new cases being reported almost every week from wild boar and also from domestic pigs. contrary to initial predictions that the disease would either die out due to the high virulence of the virus strain or spread rapidly in westerly direction, the infection became endemic and spread slowly. the unexpected disease epidemiology led to the hypothesis that hitherto unconsidered factors mi ... | 2017 | 28762629 |
| detection of african swine fever virus in the tissues of asymptomatic pigs in smallholder farming systems along the kenya-uganda border: implications for transmission in endemic areas and asf surveillance in east africa. | the persistence of african swine fever virus (asfv) in endemic areas, with small-scale but regular outbreaks in domestic pigs, is not well understood. asfv has not been detected using conventional diagnosis in these pigs or adjacent populations of resistant african wild pigs, that could act as potential carriers during the outbreaks. however, such data are crucial for the design of evidence-based control strategies. we conducted cross-sectional (1107 pigs) and longitudinal (100 pigs) monitoring ... | 2017 | 28721858 |
| african swine fever virus: a review. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine which causes high mortality, approaching 100%, in domestic pigs. asf is caused by a large, double stranded dna virus, asf virus (asfv), which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm of macrophages and is the only member of the asfarviridae family, genus asfivirus. the natural hosts of this virus include wild suids and arthropod vectors of the ornithodoros genus. the infection of asfv in its reservoir hosts is usually asymp ... | 2017 | 28489063 |
| development of a fluorescent asfv strain that retains the ability to cause disease in swine. | african swine fever is a contagious and often lethal disease for domestic pigs with a significant economic impact for the swine industry. the etiological agent, african swine fever virus (asfv), is a highly structurally complex double stranded dna virus. no effective vaccines or antiviral treatment are currently commercially available. we present here the development of a strain of asfv that has been shown to retain its ability to cause disease in swine, efficiently replicate in swine macrophage ... | 2017 | 28436458 |
| n(pro) his49 and e(rns) lys412 mutations in pig bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 synergistically enhance the cellular antiviral response. | type i interferons are major components of the innate immune response of hosts, and accordingly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to modulate the host response during infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) nonstructural protein n(pro) and structural protein e(rns) play important roles in inhibiting type i interferon. the aim of this study was to explore the epistatic effects of amino acid mutations in n(pro) and e(rns) in porcine st cells to characterize the immune response induced by ... | 2017 | 28852929 |
| experimental transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent to swine after oral or intracranial inoculation. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a naturally occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. the potential for swine to serve as a host for the agent of chronic wasting disease is unknown. the purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of swine to the cwd agent following experimental oral or intracranial inoculation. crossbred piglets were assigned to one of three groups: intracranially inoculated (n=20), orally inoculated (n=19), or non-inoculated (n=9). at approximately ... | 2017 | 28701407 |
| an immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay (lfa) for rapid on-the-farm detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and potentially fatal disease of domestic pigs. classical swine fever is routinely diagnosed by clinical signs, serology, detection of csf virus (csfv) nucleic acid by pcr and virus isolation. most of the current csf diagnostic methods are expensive and have an extended turnaround time. in the majority of the csf endemic countries, lack of easy access to diagnostic facilities is a major problem for swine producers trying to obtain early diagnosi ... | 2017 | 28685287 |
| a bivalent dendrimeric peptide bearing a t-cell epitope from foot-and-mouth disease virus protein 3a improves humoral response against classical swine fever virus. | three dendrimeric peptides were synthesized in order to evaluate their immunogenicity and their potential protection against classical swine fever virus (csfv) in domestic pigs. construct 1, an optimized version of a previously used dendrimer, had four copies of a b-cell epitope derived from csfv e2 glycoprotein connected to an also csfv-derived t-cell epitope through maleimide instead of thioether linkages. construct 2 was similarly built but included only two copies of the b-cell epitope, and ... | 2017 | 28571760 |
| assessing the potential role of pigs in the epidemiology of ebola virus in uganda. | uganda has experienced 4 ebola outbreaks since the discovery of the virus. recent epidemiological work has shown pigs are hosts for ebola viruses. due to their high reproduction rates, rapid weight gain, potential to provide quick financial returns and rising demand for pork, pig production in uganda has undergone massive expansion. the combination of pork sector growth supported by development programmes and ebola virus risk prompted a foresight exercise using desk, interview and spatial method ... | 2017 | 26310206 |
| full-length genome of a novel genotype 3 hepatitis e virus strain obtained from domestic pigs in japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute or chronic hepatitis in humans and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. pigs are one of the main reservoirs for this infection. sixty pigs, 4-5 months of age, on a swine herd in japan had detectable anti-hev igg antibodies, and five (8.3%) of them had ongoing infection of genotype 3 hev. five hev strains obtained from the viremic pigs shared 98.8-100% nucleotide identity, and one representative strain (swhe1606845), whose entire genomic sequence was d ... | 2017 | 28822700 |
| from the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food in developed countries and for which domestic pigs are recognised as the main reservoir. it therefore appears important to understand the features and drivers of hev infection dynamics on pig farms in order to implement hev surveillance programmes and to assess and manage public health risks. the authors have reviewed the international scientific literature on the epidemiolog ... | 2017 | 28545558 |
| performance of hepatitis e virus (hev)-antibody tests: a comparative analysis based on samples from individuals with direct contact to domestic pigs or wild boar in germany. | in europe, hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 causes most human infections, and domestic pigs and wild boar represent the main reservoirs. contact to these animals represents one source of human infection. however, interpretation of studies is challenged in the absence of a serological gold standard. hence, this study compared results of different hev immunoassays. plasma samples from 139 individuals who had professional contact to pigs (veterinarians, meat inspectors, slaughterhouse workers; n ... | 2017 | 28397024 |
| us feral swine were exposed to both avian and swine influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs) in swine can cause sporadic infections and pandemic outbreaks among humans, but how avian iav emerges in swine is still unclear. unlike domestic swine, feral swine are free ranging and have many opportunities for iav exposure through contacts with various habitats and animals, including migratory waterfowl, a natural reservoir for iavs. during 2010--2013, 8,239 serum samples were collected from feral swine across 35 us states and tested against 45 contemporary antigeni ... | 2017 | 28733290 |
| different patterns of cartilage mineralization analyzed by comparison of human, porcine, and bovine laryngeal cartilages. | laryngeal cartilages undergo a slow ossification process during aging, making them an excellent model for studying cartilage mineralization and ossification processes. pig laryngeal cartilages are similar to their human counterparts in shape and size, also undergo mineralization, facilitating the study of cartilage mineralization. we investigated the processes of cartilage mineralization and ossification and compared these with the known processes in growth plates. thyroid cartilages from glutar ... | 2017 | 28388264 |
| report of mecc-carrying mrsa in domestic swine. | we unexpectedly identified mrsa isolates carrying mecc (mecc-mrsa) from a danish swine farm located in eastern zealand. the objective of the present study was to investigate the origin of these isolates and their genetic relatedness to other mecc-mrsa isolates from zealand. | 2017 | 27650187 |
| endemic infection of stranded southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) with novel parvovirus, polyomavirus, and adenovirus. | over the past century, the southern sea otter (sso; enhydra lutris nereis) population has been slowly recovering from near extinction due to overharvest. the sso is a threatened species under federal law and a fully protected species under california law. through a multiagency collaborative program, stranded animals are rehabilitated and released, while deceased animals are necropsied and tissues are cryopreserved to facilitate scientific study. here, we processed archival tissues to enrich part ... | 2017 | 28192039 |
| domestic pig unlikely reservoir for mers-cov. | we tested the suitability of the domestic pig as a model for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. inoculation did not cause disease, but a low level of virus replication, shedding, and seroconversion were observed. pigs do not recapitulate human mers-cov and are unlikely to constitute a reservoir in nature. | 2017 | 28318484 |
| evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs. | helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. this bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. the origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated h. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown ... | 2017 | 28885626 |
| insights into reston virus spillovers and adaption from virus whole genome sequences. | reston virus (family filoviridae) is unique among the viruses of the ebolavirus genus in that it is considered non-pathogenic in humans, in contrast to the other members which are highly virulent. the virus has however, been associated with several outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in non-human primates (nhps), specifically cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) originating in the philippines. in addition, reston virus has been isolated from domestic pigs in the philippines. to bett ... | 2017 | 28542463 |
| novel pestivirus species in pigs, austria, 2015. | a novel pestivirus species was discovered in a piglet-producing farm in austria during virologic examinations of congenital tremor cases. the emergence of this novel pestivirus species, provisionally termed linda virus, in domestic pigs may have implications for classical swine fever virus surveillance and porcine health management. | 2017 | 28628456 |
| species identification in meat products: a new screening method based on high resolution melting analysis of cyt b gene. | meat adulteration by substitution with lower value products and/or mislabeling involves economic, health, quality and socio-religious issues. therefore, identification and traceability of meat species has become an important subject to detect possible fraudulent practices. in the present study the development of a high resolution melt (hrm) screening method for the identification of eight common meat species is reported. samples from bos taurus, ovis aries, sus scrofa domestica, equus caballus, ... | 2017 | 28764056 |
| evaluation of five serologic assays for bovine tuberculosis surveillance in domestic free-range pigs from southern spain. | in countries where bovine tuberculosis (btb) is still prevalent the contact among different animal species in extensive systems contributes to the circulation of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and other members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc). thus, free-range pigs can develop subclinical infections and may contribute to disease spread to bovine and wildlife. serodiagnosis has been proposed as a screening tool for detecting infected pig herds; however, the value of this method to ... | 2017 | 28089289 |
| first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in poland. | porcine parvovirus type 1 is a major causative agent of swine reproductive failure. during the past decade, several new parvoviruses have been discovered in pigs. porcine parvovirus type 6 (ppv6), recently identified, has been reported in pigs in china and in the usa while the ppv6 status in the european pig population remains undetermined. in the present study, ppv6 dna was identified in serum samples collected from domestic pigs in poland. in investigated herds, the prevalence of ppv6 was 14.9 ... | 2017 | 27590228 |
| novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants with large deletions in the spike (s) gene coexist with pedv strains possessing an intact s gene in domestic pigs in japan: a new disease situation. | since late 2013, after an absence of seven years, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have reemerged and swept rapidly across japan, resulting in significant economic losses. in this study, we report the emergence, mixed infection, and genetic characterization of 15 novel field pedv variants with large genomic deletions. the sizes of deletion varied between 582 nt (194 aa) and 648 nt (216 aa) at positions 28-714 (10-238) on the s gene (protein). among 17 pedv samples is ... | 2017 | 28095455 |
| risks posed by reston, the forgotten ebolavirus. | out of the five members of the ebolavirus family, four cause life-threatening disease, whereas the fifth, reston virus (restv), is nonpathogenic in humans. the reasons for this discrepancy remain unclear. in this review, we analyze the currently available information to provide a state-of-the-art summary of the factors that determine the human pathogenicity of ebolaviruses. restv causes sporadic infections in cynomolgus monkeys and is found in domestic pigs throughout the philippines and china. ... | 2017 | 28066813 |
| prevalence of muscular sarcosporidiosis in slaughtered domestic pigs in perak, peninsular malaysia. | sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, namely, sarcocystis spp. in pigs, three species of sarcocystis spp. have been recognised, including sarcocystis meischeriana, sarcocystis porcifelis and sarcocystis suihominis. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of muscular sarcosporidiosis in pigs using the pepsin digestion technique. a total of 150 fresh heart, oesophagus and thigh muscle samples from 50 yorkshire and landrace pigs were collected from ... | 2017 | 28228924 |
| targeted gene knock-in by crispr/cas ribonucleoproteins in porcine zygotes. | the domestic pig is an important "dual purpose" animal model for agricultural and biomedical applications. there is an emerging consensus in the biomedical community for the use of large animal models such as pigs to either serve as an alternative, or complement investigations from the mouse. however, the use of pig has not proven popular due to technical difficulties and time required in generating models with desired genetic modifications. in this regard, the ability to directly modify the gen ... | 2017 | 28195163 |
| molecular, serological and epidemiological observations after a suspected outbreak of plague in nyimba, eastern zambia. | plague is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. the disease has caused periodic global devastation since the first outbreak in the 6th century. two months after a suspected plague outbreak in nyimba district, samples were collected from 94 livestock (goats and pigs), 25 rodents, 6 shrews and 33 fleas. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were used to investigate the presence of y. pestis, which showed that 16.0 ... | 2017 | 27578859 |
| dna-binding properties of the african swine fever virus pa104r, a histone-like protein involved in viral replication and transcription. | african swine fever virus (asfv) codes for a putative histone-like protein (pa104r) with extensive sequence homology to bacterial proteins that are implicated in genome replication and packaging. functional characterization of purified recombinant pa104r revealed that it binds to ssdna and dsdna over a wide range of temperatures, ph values, salt concentrations and in an atp-independent manner, with an estimated binding site size of about 14-16 nucleotides. using site-directed mutagenesis, the ar ... | 2017 | 28381576 |
| co-circulation of multiple genotypes of african swine fever viruses among domestic pigs in zambia (2013-2015). | during 2013-2015, several and severe outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) affected domestic pigs in six provinces of zambia. genetic characterization of asf viruses (asfvs) using standardized genotyping procedures revealed that genotypes i, ii and xiv were associated with these outbreaks. molecular and epidemiological data suggest that genotype ii asfv (georgia 2007/1-like) detected in northern province of zambia may have been introduced from neighbouring tanzania. also, a genotype ii virus de ... | 2017 | 28299893 |
| understanding african swine fever infection dynamics in sardinia using a spatially explicit transmission model in domestic pig farms. | african swine fever virus (asfv) has been endemic in sardinia since 1978, resulting in severe losses for local pig producers and creating important problems for the island's veterinary authorities. this study used a spatially explicit stochastic transmission model followed by two regression models to investigate the dynamics of asfv spread amongst domestic pig farms, to identify geographic areas at highest risk and determine the role of different susceptible pig populations (registered domestic ... | 2017 | 28296281 |
| genetic assessment of african swine fever isolates involved in outbreaks in the democratic republic of congo between 2005 and 2012 reveals co-circulation of p72 genotypes i, ix and xiv, including 19 variants. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating disease of domestic pigs. it is a socioeconomically important disease, initially described from kenya, but subsequently reported in most sub-saharan countries. asf spread to europe, south america and the caribbean through multiple introductions which were initially eradicated-except for sardinia-followed by re‑introduction into europe in 2007. in this study of asf within the democratic republic of the congo, 62 domestic pig samples, collected between 20 ... | 2017 | 28218698 |
| variations in clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions of african swine fever in domestic pigs in the southern highlands of tanzania: a field experience. | african swine fever is a contagious viral disease responsible for up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. a longitudinal study was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions in affected pigs in mbeya region, tanzania during the 2010 to 2014 outbreaks. data were collected during clinical and postmortem examination by field veterinarians and using a structured questionnaire. a total of 118 respondents (100%) showed awareness about african swin ... | 2017 | 27915438 |
| influence of age and dose of african swine fever virus infections on clinical outcome and blood parameters in pigs. | african swine fever (asf) is a fatal disease for domestic pigs, leading to serious economic losses in countries where asf is endemic. despite extensive research, efficient vaccines against asf are lacking. since peripheral blood cells are important mediators for vaccines, we study the impact of asf on blood parameters in pigs with different ages and infected with different doses of asf virus. four different groups were studied: (1) 12 weeks of age/low virus dose; (2) 12 weeks of age/high virus d ... | 2017 | 27875662 |
| simultaneous deletion of the 9gl and uk genes from the african swine fever virus georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. successful experimental vaccines have been derived from naturally occurring, cell culture-adapted, or genetically modified live attenuated asfv. recombinant viruses harboring engineered deletions of specific virulence ... | 2017 | 27795430 |
| the assessment of african swine fever virus risk to belgium early 2014, using the quick and semiquantitative pandora screening protocol. | a risk assessment was organized during the early eu asf outbreaks of early 2014 (february-april) and performed in cooperation with 15 belgian and european experts on asfv and its epidemiology in pigs/wild boar. african swine fever (asf) is considered as one of the most dangerous infectious pig diseases, causing many outbreaks. since the end of 2013 - early 2014, several outbreaks within the european union (lithuania, poland, estonia and latvia) were reported to oie, which prompted several risk a ... | 2017 | 25939453 |
| experimental infection of domestic pigs with african swine fever virus lithuania 2014 genotype ii field isolate. | an experimental infection was conducted to evaluate horizontal transmission, clinical, virological and humoral response induced in domestic pigs infected with african swine fever (asf) genotype ii virus circulating in 2014 into the european union (eu). ten naive pigs were placed in contact with eight pigs experimentally inoculated with the lithuanian lt14/1490 asf virus (asfv) responsible for the first asf case detected in wild boar in lithuania in january 2014. clinical examination and rectal t ... | 2017 | 25808027 |
| the domestic pig as a potential model for borrelia skin infection. | the skin lesion erythema migrans is a characteristic early manifestation of lyme borreliosis in humans. however, the pathomechanisms leading to development of this erythema are not fully understood. models that mimic human skin would enhance research in this field. human and porcine skin structures strongly resemble each other. therefore, we attempted to induce erythema migrans lesions in experimental borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in the skin of domestic pigs. the formation of erythe ... | 2017 | 27986402 |
| boar hunting and brucellosis caused by brucella suis. | brucellosis remains as a significant public health concern in many areas where the infection persists in domestic hosts (i.e. goats, cattle, and domestic swine) with subsequent risk of transmission to human populations. brucellosis caused by b. suis remains an important threat to human populations in many countries exposed to domestic and feral swine. in the u.s., swine brucellosis has been under control for many years. meanwhile, it is a widespread infection among feral swine, particularly in t ... | 2017 | 28300645 |
| visual detection and differentiation of classic swine fever virus strains using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) and g-quadruplex dnazyme assay. | the split g-quadruplex dnazyme has emerged as a valuable tool for visual dna detection. here, we successfully integrated colorimetric split g-quadruplex dnazyme assay with nucleic acid sequence-based amplification to generate a novel detection approach, allowing visual and rapid detection for the rna of shimen and hclv strains of classic swine fever virus (csfv). csfv is a rna virus that causes a highly contagious disease in domestic pigs and wild boar. with this method, we were able to detect a ... | 2017 | 28287135 |
| quasispecies composition and diversity do not reveal any predictors for chronic classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever (csf) can run acute, chronic, and prenatal courses in both domestic pigs and wild boar. although chronic infections are rare events, their epidemiological impact is very high due to the long-term shedding of virus. so far, little is known about the factors that influence disease course and outcome from either the host or virus's perspective. to elucidate the viral determinants, we analyzed the role of the viral populations for the development of chronic csf virus (csfv) inf ... | 2017 | 27885563 |
| chlamydial antibiotic resistance and treatment failure in veterinary and human medicine. | the chlamydiaceae are widespread pathogens of both humans and animals. chlamydia trachomatis infection causes blinding trachoma and reproductive complications in humans. chlamydia pneumoniae causes human respiratory tract infections and atypical pneumonia. chlamydia suis infection is associated with conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight in domestic swine. chlamydial infections in humans and domesticated animals are generally controlled by antibiotic treatment-particularly macrolid ... | 2017 | 27218014 |
| recombinant expression of porcine spermadhesin awn and its phospholipid interaction: indication for a novel lipid binding property. | awn is a porcine (sus scrofa domestica) seminal plasma protein and has been linked to a variety of processes related to fertilization. to acquire the protein in sufficient amount and purity for functional studies, we established its recombinant expression in e. coli and a three-step purification protocol based on different chromatographies. the test for awn-phospholipid interaction revealed phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin as potential binding partners. as phosphatidic acid is surmised to play ... | 2017 | 28326614 |
| experimental evaluation of faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus as biological indicators of contacts between domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar. | domestic pigs and eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) share several important viral and bacterial pathogens. therefore, direct and indirect contacts between domestic pigs and wild boar present a risk of pathogen spillover and can lead to long-term perpetuation of infection. biological indicators could be a powerful tool to understand and characterize contacts between wild boar and domestic pigs. here, faecal escherichia coli and hepatitis e virus (hev) were explored as potential biological indicator ... | 2017 | 26190581 |
| influenza a virus infection in japanese wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax). | serum samples were collected from 385 wild boars between 2010 and 2013 to examine the seroprevalence of influenza a virus (iav) in japan. antibodies against iav were identified using a commercial kit in 13 wild boars (3.4%). to identify the serotypes, positive sera were examined by virus-neutralization test using representative serotypes and strains. three wild boars in yamaguchi and four in tochigi showed the highest antibody titers against the pandemic h1n1 2009 virus and classical swine h1n1 ... | 2017 | 28321029 |
| prevalence and determinants of cryptosporidium infection in an underdeveloped rural region of southwestern china. | few studies have focused on the epidemiology of cryptosporidium in resource-challenged settings in china. we report a community-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection and its risk factors and associations with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections. the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection was 12.6% (95% confidence interval = 11.0-14.3). individuals living in households with ≥ 5 family ... | 2017 | 28093538 |
| risk analysis and occurrence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in domestic swine in northeast brazil. | anti-hev antibodies were detected in animals from abattoir and in farms from northeast brazil. our results suggest that hev is highly disseminated in the swine population and might present a great risk to animal handlers and for consumption of raw or undercooked meat and meat products in northeast brazil. | 2017 | 28349492 |
| autochthonous sporadic acute hepatitis e caused by two distinct subgenotype 3b hepatitis e virus strains with only 90% nucleotide identity. | hepatitis e, which is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), is a public health concern in japan, where the zoonotic food-borne transmission of hev from domestic pigs and wild boars plays an important role. a 44-year-old japanese man with autochthonous sporadic acute hepatitis e was admitted with general fatigue and moderate liver dysfunction. in the present study, two distinct hev strains were recovered from the patient, who had consumed the raw or undercooked pig liver and intestine two or three t ... | 2017 | 28205112 |
| autochthonous infection with hepatitis e virus related to subtype 3a, france: a case report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) recently emerged in europe as a cause of autochthonous acute hepatitis and a porcine zoonosis. european autochthonous cases almost exclusively involved viruses of genotype 3, subtype 3a being only recently reported in france, from farm pigs. we report an autochthonous human infection with a hev related to subtype 3a in southeastern france. a 55-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected man presented liver cytolysis in june 2014. hev rna was detected in serum and thre ... | 2017 | 27049499 |
| regional level risk factors associated with the occurrence of african swine fever in west and east africa. | african swine fever (asf) causes severe socio-economic impacts due to high mortality and trade restrictions. many risk factors of asf have been identified at farm level. however, understanding the risk factors, especially wild suid hosts, determining asf transmission at regional level remains limited. | 2017 | 28061875 |
| the importance of the altricial - precocial spectrum for social complexity in mammals and birds - a review. | various types of long-term stable relationships that individuals uphold, including cooperation and competition between group members, define social complexity in vertebrates. numerous life history, physiological and cognitive traits have been shown to affect, or to be affected by, such social relationships. as such, differences in developmental modes, i.e. the 'altricial-precocial' spectrum, may play an important role in understanding the interspecific variation in occurrence of social interacti ... | 2017 | 28115975 |
| conserved gene expression in sperm reservoirs between birds and mammals in response to mating. | spermatozoa are stored in the oviductal functional sperm reservoir in animals with internal fertilization, including zoologically distant classes such as pigs or poultry. they are held fertile in the reservoir for times ranging from a couple of days (in pigs), to several weeks (in chickens), before they are gradually released to fertilize the newly ovulated eggs. it is currently unknown whether females from these species share conserved mechanisms to tolerate such a lengthy presence of immunolog ... | 2017 | 28100167 |
| dantrolene versus amiodarone for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized, double-blinded experimental study. | dantrolene was introduced for treatment of malignant hyperthermia. it also has antiarrhythmic properties and may thus be an alternative to amiodarone for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (vf). aim of this study was to compare the return of spontaneous circulation (rosc) with dantrolene and amiodarone in a pig model of cardiac arrest. vf was induced in anesthetized pigs. after 8 min of untreated vf, chest compressions and ventilation were started and one of the drugs (amiodarone 5 mg kg( ... | 2017 | 28098197 |
| presence of zoonotic cryptosporidium scrofarum, giardia duodenalis assemblage a and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in captive eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) in china: potential for zoonotic transmission. | cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis and enterocytozoon bieneusi are the main causal pathogens of gastrointestinal disease. however, there are limited reports about the prevalence of these organisms in captive eurasian wild boars worldwide. therefore, we examined the occurrence and identified the species/assemblages/genotypes of these pathogens in captive eurasian wild boars, and estimated the zoonotic potential. | 2017 | 28061911 |
| rope-based oral fluid sampling for early detection of classical swine fever in domestic pigs at group level. | non-invasive sampling techniques based on the analysis of oral fluid specimen have gained substantial importance in the field of swine herd management. methodological advances have a focus on endemic viral diseases in commercial pig production. more recently, these approaches have been adapted to non-invasive sampling of wild boar for transboundary animal disease detection for which these effective population level sampling methods have not been available. in this study, a rope-in-a-bait based o ... | 2017 | 28056961 |
| exploring the cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus) fecal microbiome, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide pet. | cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to australia; now they are popular pets with a global distribution. it is now possible to conduct detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals. these studies show that bacteria are an essential part of the metabolic capacity of animals. there are few studies on bird microbiomes and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the cockatiel m ... | 2016 | 28028487 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) evolution before and after the vaccination introduction: a large scale epidemiological study. | since their commercialization, vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been the cornerstone control strategy. nevertheless, the periodic emergence of new genotype waves and the recent reports of vaccine failure outbreaks have raised the question if widespread vaccination strategies could have driven viral evolution and affected different genotype fitness. to investigate this issue an in-deep analysis, based on a bioinformatics and biostatistics approach, has been implemented. orf2 ... | 2016 | 27991573 |
| hepatitis e virus in 3 types of laboratory animals, china, 2012-2015. | we found seroprevalences for hepatitis e virus (hev) of 7.5%, 18.5%, and 83.3% in specific pathogen-free (spf) laboratory rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, respectively, in china. hev rna was detected in 4.8% of spf rabbits, and 11 rabbits had latent infections. screening for hev in spf animals before relevant experiments are conducted is recommended. | 2016 | 27314902 |
| preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of african swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs; it has a drastic impact on the pig industry, causing serious socio-economic consequences to pig farmers and pork producers. in europe, there are currently two main clusters of infection; one in sardinia caused by strains of african swine fever virus (asfv) belonging to genotype i and another in eastern europe caused by strains of asfv belonging to genotype ii. the latter is inducing an acute form of asf and it represents a ser ... | 2016 | 27899125 |
| neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast in an experimental model. | mild traumatic brain injury (mtbi) is the signature injury in warfighters exposed to explosive blasts. the pathology underlying mtbi is poorly understood, as this condition is rarely fatal and thus postmortem brains are difficult to obtain for neuropathological studies. here we report on studies of an experimental model with a gyrencephalic brain that is exposed to single and multiple explosive blast pressure waves. to determine injuries to the brain resulting from the primary blast, experimenta ... | 2016 | 27884214 |
| str profiling for discrimination between wild and domestic swine specimens and between main breeds of domestic pigs reared in belarus. | a panel comprising 16 short tandem repeats (strs) and a gender-specific amelogenin marker was worked out and tested for robustness in discrimination between wild and domestic swine subspecies encountered in europe, between regional populations of wild boars and between main breeds of domestic pigs reared in belarus. the str dataset comprised 310 wild boars, inhabiting all administrative regions of belarus, and 313 domestic pigs, representing three local and three cosmopolitan lines. additionally ... | 2016 | 27851802 |
| the assessment of facial expressions in piglets undergoing tail docking and castration: toward the development of the piglet grimace scale. | many piglets are exposed to potentially painful husbandry procedures within the first week of life, including tail docking and castration, without the provision of either anesthesia or analgesia. the assessment methods used to evaluate pain experienced by piglets are often affected by low specificity and practical limitations, prompting the investigation of alternative methodologies. the assessment of changes in facial expression following a painful event has been successfully applied to several ... | 2016 | 27896270 |
| assessment of domestic pigs, wild boars and feral hybrid pigs as reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in corsica, france. | in corsica, extensive pig breeding systems allow frequent interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, which are suspected to act as reservoirs of several zoonotic diseases including hepatitis e virus (hev). in this context, 370 sera and 166 liver samples were collected from phenotypically characterized as pure or hybrid wild boars, between 2009 and 2012. in addition, serum and liver from 208 domestic pigs belonging to 30 farms were collected at the abattoir during the end of 2013. anti-he ... | 2016 | 27556478 |
| molecular mechanisms of biological aging in intervertebral discs. | advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the majority of human ailments, including spine-related chronic disability and back pain, which stem from age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration (idd). given the rapid global rise in the aging population, understanding the biology of intervertebral disc aging in order to develop effective therapeutic interventions to combat the adverse effects of aging on disc health is now imperative. fortunately, recent advances in aging research have begun ... | 2016 | 26890203 |
| development of primer pairs from molecular typing of rabies virus variants present in mexico. | nucleoprotein (n) gene from rabies virus (rabv) is a useful sequence target for variant studies. several specific rabv variants have been characterized in different mammalian hosts such as skunk, dog, and bats by using anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mabs) via indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test, a technique not available in many laboratories in mexico. in the present study, a total of 158 sequences of n gene from rabv were used to design eight pairs of primers (four external and f ... | 2016 | 27563666 |
| an oral aujeszky's disease vaccine (ys-400) induces neutralizing antibody in pigs. | aujeszky's disease (ad) is an economically important disease affecting both wild and domestic pigs of the species sus scrofa. a previous study yielded serological evidence of ad in korean wild boars, which could spread ad to other animals. a new aujeszky's disease virus (adv) bait vaccine is required to prevent ad outbreaks in swine. in the present study, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a ge-deleted marker vaccine, strain ys-400, in young domestic pigs. | 2016 | 27489803 |
| allometric scaling of the elevation of maternal energy intake during lactation. | in most mammals, lactating mothers dramatically increase their food intake after parturition and reach a peak intake rate after a certain time while their offspring continue to grow. a common view, perpetuated by the metabolic theory of ecology, is that the allometric scaling of maternal metabolic rate with body mass limits the changes in energy intake and expenditure. therefore these potential effects of metabolic scaling should be reflected in the elevation of maternal energy intake during lac ... | 2016 | 27418939 |
| histopathological characterization of tail injury and traumatic neuroma development after tail docking in piglets. | tail docking of neonatal pigs is widely used as a measure to reduce the incidence of tail biting, a complex management problem in the pig industry. concerns exist over the long-term consequences of tail docking for possible tail stump pain sensitivity due to the development of traumatic neuromas in injured peripheral nerves. tail stumps were obtained post mortem from four female pigs at each of 1, 4, 8 and 16 weeks following tail amputation (approximately two-thirds removed) by a gas-heated dock ... | 2016 | 27302763 |
| evidence of aujeszky's disease in wild boar in serbia. | aujeszky's disease is a viral disease of suids caused by suid herpesvirus 1. the disease has worldwide distribution with significant economic impact. in serbia, there is neither an aujeszky's disease eradication nor national vaccination programme of domestic pigs. since clinical symptoms of aujeszky's disease are not specific, it is important to establish a link between clinical signs and presence of adv active infection in wild boars. the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of ... | 2016 | 27357597 |
| acoustic signalling reflects personality in a social mammal. | social interactions among individuals are often mediated through acoustic signals. if acoustic signals are consistent and related to an individual's personality, these consistent individual differences in signalling may be an important driver in social interactions. however, few studies in non-human mammals have investigated the relationship between acoustic signalling and personality. here we show that acoustic signalling rate is repeatable and strongly related to personality in a highly social ... | 2016 | 27429775 |
| piglets learn to use combined human-given visual and auditory signals to find a hidden reward in an object choice task. | although animals rarely use only one sense to communicate, few studies have investigated the use of combinations of different signals between animals and humans. this study assessed for the first time the spontaneous reactions of piglets to human pointing gestures and voice in an object-choice task with a reward. piglets (sus scrofa domestica) mainly use auditory signals-individually or in combination with other signals-to communicate with their conspecifics. their wide hearing range (42 hz to 4 ... | 2016 | 27792731 |
| a generic quantitative risk assessment framework for the entry of bat-borne zoonotic viruses into the european union. | bat-borne viruses have been linked to a number of zoonotic diseases; in 2014 there have been human cases of nipah virus (niv) in bangladesh and ebola virus in west and central africa. here we describe a model designed to provide initial quantitative predictions of the risk of entry of such viruses to european union (eu) member states (mss) through four routes: human travel, legal trade (e.g. fruit and animal products), live animal movements and illegal importation of bushmeat. the model utilises ... | 2016 | 27788234 |
| the influence of root surface distance to alveolar bone and periodontal ligament on periodontal wound healing. | the purpose of this animal study was to perform a 3-dimensional micro-computed tomography (micro-ct) analysis in order to investigate the influence of root surface distance to the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament on periodontal wound healing after a guided tissue regeneration (gtr) procedure. | 2016 | 27800213 |
| evidence for karyotype polymorphism in the free-living flatworm, macrostomum lignano, a model organism for evolutionary and developmental biology. | over the past decade, the free-living flatworm macrostomum lignano has been successfully used in many areas of biology, including embryology, stem cells, sexual selection, bioadhesion and aging. the increased use of this powerful laboratory model, including the establishment of genomic resources and tools, makes it essential to have a detailed description of the chromosome organization of this species, previously suggested to have a karyotype with 2n = 8 and one pair of large and three pairs of ... | 2016 | 27755577 |
| application of a handheld pressure application measurement device for the characterisation of mechanical nociceptive thresholds in intact pig tails. | the assessment of nociceptive thresholds is employed in animals and humans to evaluate changes in sensitivity potentially arising from tissue damage. its application on the intact pig tail might represent a suitable method to assess changes in nociceptive thresholds arising from tail injury, such as tail docking or tail biting. the pressure application measurement (pam) device is used here for the first time on the tail of pigs to determine the reliability of the methods and to provide novel dat ... | 2016 | 27422675 |
| xenon protects left ventricular diastolic function during acute ischemia, less than ischemic preconditioning. | anesthetics modify regional left ventricular (lv) dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion but their effects on global function in this setting are less clear. aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that xenon would limit global lv dysfunction as caused by acute anterior wall ischemia, comparable to ischemic preconditioning. in an open-chest model under thiopental anesthesia, 30 pigs underwent 60-minute left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by 120 minutes of reperf ... | 2016 | 27867480 |
| evaluation of the human adaptation of influenza a/h7n9 virus in pb2 protein using human and swine respiratory tract explant cultures. | novel avian h7n9 virus emerged in china in 2013 resulting in a case fatality rate of around 39% and continues to pose zoonotic and pandemic risk. amino acid substitutions in pb2 protein were shown to influence the pathogenicity and transmissibility of h7n9 following experimental infection of ferrets and mice. in this study, we evaluated the role of amino acid substitution pb2-627k or compensatory changes at pb2-591k and pb2-701n, on the tropism and replication competence of h7n9 viruses for huma ... | 2016 | 27739468 |
| new experiments and a model-driven approach for interpreting middle stone age lithic point function using the edge damage distribution method. | the middle stone age (msa) is associated with early evidence for symbolic material culture and complex technological innovations. however, one of the most visible aspects of msa technologies are unretouched triangular stone points that appear in the archaeological record as early as 500,000 years ago in africa and persist throughout the msa. how these tools were being used and discarded across a changing pleistocene landscape can provide insight into how msa populations prioritized technological ... | 2016 | 27736886 |
| preclinical study of single-dose moxidectin, a new oral treatment for scabies: efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics compared to two-dose ivermectin in a porcine model. | scabies is one of the commonest dermatological conditions globally; however it is a largely underexplored and truly neglected infectious disease. foremost, improvement in the management of this public health burden is imperative. current treatments with topical agents and/or oral ivermectin (ivm) are insufficient and drug resistance is emerging. moxidectin (mox), with more advantageous pharmacological profiles may be a promising alternative. | 2016 | 27732588 |
| expressed alleles of imprinted igf2, dlk1 and meg3 colocalize in 3d-preserved nuclei of porcine fetal cells. | to explore the relationship between spatial genome organization and gene expression in the interphase nucleus, we used a genomic imprinting model, which offers parental-specific gene expression. using 3d fish in porcine fetal liver cells, we compared the nuclear organization of the two parental alleles (expressed or not) of insulin-like growth factor 2 (igf2), a paternally imprinted gene located on chromosome 2. we investigated whether its nuclear positioning favors specific locus associations. ... | 2016 | 27716032 |
| leading edge analysis of transcriptomic changes during pseudorabies virus infection. | eight rna samples taken from the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (tbln) of pigs that were either infected or non-infected with a feral isolate of porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) were used to investigate changes in gene expression related to the pathogen. the rna was processed into fastq files for each library prior to being analyzed using illumina digital gene expression tag profiling sequences (dgetp) which were used as the downstream measure of differential expression. analyzed tags consisted of ... | 2016 | 27766207 |
| an in vivo multi-modal structural template for neonatal piglets using high angular resolution and population-based whole-brain tractography. | an increasing number of applications use the postnatal piglet model in neuroimaging studies, however, these are based primarily on t1 weighted image templates. there is a growing need for a multimodal structural brain template for a comprehensive depiction of the piglet brain, particularly given the growing applications of diffusion weighted imaging for characterizing tissue microstructures and white matter organization. in this study, we present the first multimodal piglet structural brain temp ... | 2016 | 27729850 |
| divergent sapovirus strains and infection prevalence in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem: a long-term study. | the genus sapovirus, in the family caliciviridae, includes enteric viruses of humans and domestic animals. information on sapovirus infection of wildlife is limited and is currently lacking for any free-ranging wildlife species in africa. by screening a large number of predominantly fecal samples (n = 631) obtained from five carnivore species in the serengeti ecosystem, east africa, sapovirus rna was detected in the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta, family hyaenidae), african lion (panthera leo, f ... | 2016 | 27661997 |