Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
explicit memory and cognition in monkeys.taxonomies of human memory, influenced heavily by endel tulving, make a fundamental distinction between explicit and implicit memory. humans are aware of explicit memories, whereas implicit memories control behavior even though we are not aware of them. efforts to understand the evolution of memory, and to use nonhuman animals to model human memory, will be facilitated by better understanding the extent to which this critical distinction exists in nonhuman animals. work with metacognition paradi ...202031917205
behavioral predictors of pairing success in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).pair housing is one of the most important components of behavioral management for caged macaques; however, it can result in aggression and injury if partners are incompatible. knowing when to proceed and when to stop social introductions can be challenging, and can have consequences for the partners. we examined whether behavior early in social introductions predicted success (i.e., partners remained cohoused with full contact for at least 28 days) in 724 female-female and 477 male-male rhesus m ...202031916274
perosomus elumbis in a stillborn rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta): a case report.perosomus elumbis (pe) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of caudal spine (lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae). here, we present the first reported case of pe in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and relate our findings to those described in other species.202031912505
blockage of nmda- and gaba(a) receptors improves working memory selectivity of primate prefrontal neurons.the ongoing activity of prefrontal neurons after a stimulus has disappeared is considered a neuronal correlate of working memory. it depends on the delicate but poorly understood interplay between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory gabaergic receptor effects. we administered the nmda receptor antagonist mk-801 and the gaba(a) receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide while recording cellular activity in pfc of male rhesus monkeys performing a delayed decision task requiring working memory. ...202031911457
post mortem evaluation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pparγ activation in a nonhuman primate model of cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration.cardiac dysautonomia is a common nonmotor symptom of parkinson's disease (pd) associated with loss of sympathetic innervation to the heart and decreased plasma catecholamines. disease-modifying strategies for pd cardiac neurodegeneration are not available, and biomarkers of target engagement are lacking. systemic administration of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) recapitulates pd cardiac dysautonomia pathology. we recently used positron emission tomography (pet) to vis ...202031910209
classical complement cascade initiating c1q protein within neurons in the aged rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, aging, and alzheimer's disease is associated with spine and synapse loss from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc) layer iii. complement cascade signaling is critical in driving spine loss and disease pathogenesis. complement signaling is initiated by c1q, which tags synapses for elimination. c1q is thought to be expressed predominately by microglia, but its expression in primate dlpfc has never been examined. the current study assayed c1q levels in a ...202031906973
precise annotation of human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque and mouse mitochondrial genomes leads to insight into mitochondrial transcription in mammals.in the present study, we applied our 'precise annotation' to the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque and mouse using 5' and 3' end small rnas. our new annotations updated previous annotations. in particular, our new annotations led to two important novel findings: (1) the identification of five conserved sequence blocks (csb1, csb2, csb3, lsp and hsp) in the control regions; and (2) the annotation of transcription initiation and novel transcription termination sites. ...202031905034
altered face scanning and arousal after orbitofrontal cortex lesion in adult rhesus monkeys.to further assess orbitofrontal cortex (ofc) contribution to the processing of socioemotional signals, spontaneous scanning patterns and pupil diameter variations were measured while adult rhesus macaques with either bilateral lesions of ofc areas 11 and 13 (group o-asp) or sham-operations (group c) freely viewed pictures of neutral and expressive faces of conspecifics, of other nonhuman primates and humans, and of objects with and without facial features. as compared to group c, group o-asp dis ...202031904252
blood pressure reference intervals for ketamine-sedated rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).appropriate calculation and use of reference intervals have widespread clinical and research implications. unfortunately, reference intervals for blood pressure in one of the most commonly used nhp species, rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), have never been calculated. although anesthetic drugs and noninvasive methods of blood pressure measurement both have known effects on blood pressure values, their use provides the safest, fastest, and most widely used approach to clinical evaluation and bloo ...202031896390
behavioral evidence for memory replay of video episodes in the macaque.humans recall the past by replaying fragments of events temporally. here, we demonstrate a similar effect in macaques. we trained six rhesus monkeys with a temporal-order judgement (toj) task and collected 5000 toj trials. in each trial, the monkeys watched a naturalistic video of about 10 s comprising two across-context clips, and after a 2 s delay, performed toj between two frames from the video. the data are suggestive of a non-linear, time-compressed forward memory replay mechanism in the ma ...202032310083
tnf-signaling modulates neutrophil-mediated immunity at the feto-maternal interface during lps-induced intrauterine inflammation.accumulation of activated neutrophils at the feto-maternal interface is a defining hallmark of intrauterine inflammation (iui) that might trigger an excessive immune response during pregnancy. mechanisms responsible of this massive neutrophil recruitment are poorly investigated. we have previously showed that intraamniotic injection of lps in rhesus macaques induced a neutrophil predominant inflammatory response similar to that seen in human iui. here, we demonstrate that anti-tnf antibody (adal ...202032308656
cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) inhibitor, pexidartinib.pexidartinib (plx3397) is a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) inhibitor under clinical evaluation for potential cns tumor treatment. this study aims to evaluate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and estimate cns penetrance of pexidartinib in a non-human primate (nhp) cerebrospinal fluid (csf) reservoir model.202032306101
methods for mechanical delivery of viral vectors into rhesus monkey brain.modern molecular tools make it possible to manipulate neural activity in a reversible and cell-type specific manner. for rhesus monkey research, molecular tools are generally introduced via viral vectors. new instruments designed specifically for use in monkey research are needed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of vector delivery.202032302596
loss of tetherin antagonism by nef impairs siv replication during acute infection of rhesus macaques.most simian immunodeficiency viruses use nef to counteract the tetherin proteins of their nonhuman primate hosts. nef also downmodulates cell-surface cd4 and mhc class i (mhc i) molecules and enhances viral infectivity by counteracting serinc5. we previously demonstrated that tetherin antagonism by siv nef is genetically separable from cd4- and mhc i-downmodulation. here we show that disruption of tetherin antagonism by nef impairs virus replication during acute siv infection of rhesus macaques. ...202032302364
dawn of the visible monkey: segmentation of the rhesus monkey for 2d and 3d applications.to properly utilize the sectioned images in a visible monkey dataset, it is essential to segment the images into distinct structures. this segmentation allows the sectioned images to be compiled into two-dimensional or three-dimensional software packages to facilitate anatomy and radiology education, and allows them to be used in experiments involving electromagnetic radiation. the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the potential of the sectioned images using the segmented images.202032301292
primate homologs of mouse cortico-striatal circuits.with the increasing necessity of animal models in biomedical research, there is a vital need to harmonise findings across species by establishing similarities and differences in rodent and primate neuroanatomy. using connectivity fingerprint matching, we compared cortico-striatal circuits across humans, non-human primates, and mice using resting-state fmri data in all species. our results suggest that the connectivity patterns for the nucleus accumbens and cortico-striatal motor circuits (poster ...202032298231
searching for object pointers in the visual cortex.we perceive objects as permanent and stable despite frequent occlusions and eye movements, but their representation in the visual cortex is neither permanent nor stable. feature selective cells respond only as long as objects are visible, and their responses depend on eye position. we explored the hypothesis that the system maintains object pointers that provide permanence and stability. pointers should send facilitatory signals to the feature cells of an object, and these signals should persist ...202032292110
histologic safety of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation and magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging in rhesus macaques and sheep.neuromodulation by transcranial focused ultrasound (fus) offers the potential to non-invasively treat specific brain regions, with treatment location verified by magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (mr-arfi).202032289711
trio housing of adult male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): methodology and outcome predictors.this study evaluated the feasibility of trio housing caged adult male rhesus macaques and attempted to identify outcome predictors for trio housing formation and its intermediary introduction steps.202032285485
ctla-4 and pd-1 dual blockade induces siv reactivation without control of rebound after antiretroviral therapy interruption.the primary human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reservoir is composed of resting memory cd4+ t cells, which often express the immune checkpoint receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (pd-1) and cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ctla-4), which limit t cell activation via synergistic mechanisms. using simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected, long-term antiretroviral therapy (art)-treated rhesus macaques, we demonstrate that pd-1, ctla-4 and dual ctla-4/pd-1 immune checkpoint bloc ...202032284611
frequency- and state-dependent network effects of electrical stimulation targeting the ventral tegmental area in macaques.the ventral tegmental area (vta) is a midbrain structure at the heart of the dopaminergic system underlying adaptive behavior. endogenous firing rates of dopamine cells in the vta vary from fast phasic bursts to slow tonic activity. artificial perturbations of the vta, through electrical or optogenetic stimulation methods, generate different and sometimes even contrasting behavioral outcomes depending on stimulation parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and pulse width. here, we investigate t ...202032279076
quantification of viral and host biomarkers in the liver of rhesus macaques: a longitudinal study of zaire ebolavirus strain kikwit (ebov/kik).zaire ebolavirus (ebov) causes ebola virus disease (evd), which carries a fatality rate between 25% and 90% in humans. liver pathology is a hallmark of terminal evd; however, little is known about temporal disease progression. we used multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in combination with whole slide imaging and image analysis (ia) to quantitatively characterize temporospatial signatures of viral and host factors as related to ebov pathogenesis. eighteen rhesu ...202032275904
the correlation of neuronal signals with behavior at different levels of visual cortex and their relative reliability for behavioral decisions.behavior can be guided by neuronal activity in visual, auditory, or somatosensory cerebral cortex, depending on task requirements. in contrast to this flexible access of cortical signals, several observations suggest that behaviors depend more on neurons in later areas of visual cortex than those in earlier areas, although neurons in earlier areas would provide more reliable signals for many tasks. we recorded from neurons in different levels of visual cortex of 2 male rhesus monkeys while the a ...202032273483
integrin α4β7 in hiv-1 infection: a critical review.over the past decade, a series of observations linking α4β7, the principal gut-homing integrin, with various aspects of hiv-1 infection have generated considerable interest in the field of hiv-1 research. after the initial report that the major hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, can bind to α4β7, intensive research efforts have been focused on the role of α4β7 as a key factor in hiv-1 pathogenesis and as a potential target for prevention and treatment. the interaction between α4β7 and its natur ...202032272507
evaluation of the reinforcing strength of phendimetrazine using a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rhesus monkeys.stimulant abuse is a persistent public health problem with no food and drug administration-approved pharmacotherapy. although monoamine-releasing drugs such as d-amphetamine can decrease cocaine self-administration in human and animal laboratory studies, their potential for abuse limits clinical utility. "abuse-deterrent" formulations of monoamine releasers, such as prodrugs, hold greater clinical promise if their abuse potential is, as theorized, lower than that of cocaine. in these studies, we ...202032269168
route of inoculation and mosquito vector exposure modulate dengue virus replication kinetics and immune responses in rhesus macaques.dengue virus (denv) is transmitted by infectious mosquitoes during blood-feeding via saliva containing biologically-active proteins. here, we examined the effect of varying denv infection modality in rhesus macaques in order to improve the denv nonhuman primate (nhp) challenge model. nhps were exposed to denv-1 via subcutaneous or intradermal inoculation of virus only, intradermal inoculation of virus and salivary gland extract, or infectious mosquito feeding. the infectious mosquito feeding gro ...202032267846
does mucosal b1 activation result in the accumulation of peak igm during chronic intrarectal sivmac239 exposure to protect chinese-origin rhesus macaques from disease progression?human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is characterized by a dynamic process and highly variable progression. although extensive comparisons have been reported between the minority of non-progressors (npgs) and the majority of progressors (pgs), the underlying mechanism is still unclear. one reason for this is that the initial onset of infection is very difficult to track, particularly when men who have sex with men (msm) are predominantly responsible for the transmission of human hiv. to ...202032265850
nonhuman primate model of oculocutaneous albinism with tyr and oca2 mutations.human visual acuity is anatomically determined by the retinal fovea. the ontogenetic development of the fovea can be seriously hindered by oculocutaneous albinism (oca), which is characterized by a disorder of melanin synthesis. although people of all ethnic backgrounds can be affected, no efficient treatments for oca have been developed thus far, due partly to the lack of effective animal models. rhesus macaques are genetically homologous to humans and, most importantly, exhibit structures of t ...202032259106
experimental treatment of siv-infected macaques via autograft of ccr5-disrupted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.hematopoietic stem cell (hsc)-based gene therapy targeting ccr5 represents a promising way to cure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. yet the preclinical animal model with transplantation of autologous ccr5-ablated hscs remains to be optimized. in this study, four chinese rhesus macaques of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) chronic infection were given long-term antiretroviral therapy (art), during which peripheral cd34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) were ...202032258215
urinary supar: a non-invasive biomarker of infection and tissue inflammation for use in studies of large free-ranging mammals.studies of large free-ranging mammals incorporating physiological measurements typically require the collection of urine or faecal samples, due to ethical and practical concerns over trapping or darting animals. however, there is a dearth of validated biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation that can be measured non-invasively. we here evaluate the utility of urinary measurements of the soluble form of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (supar), for use as a health marker in st ...202032257339
long-term delivery of an anti-siv monoclonal antibody with aav.long-term delivery of anti-hiv monoclonal antibodies using adeno-associated virus (aav) holds promise for the prevention and treatment of hiv infection. we previously reported that after receiving a single administration of aav vector coding for anti-siv antibody 5l7, monkey 84-05 achieved high levels of aav-delivered 5l7 igg1 in vivo which conferred sterile protection against six successive, escalating dose, intravenous challenges with highly infectious, highly pathogenic sivmac239, including a ...202032256496
nanoparticle-based platform for activatable fluorescence imaging and photothermal ablation of endometriosis.endometriosis is a painful disorder where endometrium-like tissue forms lesions outside of the uterine cavity. intraoperative identification and removal of these lesions are difficult. this study presents a nanoplatform that concurrently delineates and ablates endometriosis tissues using real-time near-infrared (nir) fluorescence and photothermal therapy (ptt). the nanoplatform consists of a dye, silicon naphthalocyanine (sinc), capable of both nir fluorescence imaging and ptt, and a polymeric n ...202032250034
selective attention for affiliative and agonistic interactions of dominants and close affiliates in macaques.monitoring conspecifics is a crucial process in social learning and a building block of social cognition. selective attention to social stimuli results from interactions of subject and stimulus characteristics with dominance rank often emerging as an important predictor. we extend previous research by providing as stimuli naturally occurring affiliative interactions between group members instead of pictorial or auditory representations of conflicts, and by extending to the affiliative relationsh ...202032249792
treatment with mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles reduces injury-related pathology in pyramidal neurons of monkey perilesional ventral premotor cortex.functional recovery after cortical injury, such as stroke, is associated with neural circuit reorganization, but the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of therapeutic interventions promoting neural plasticity in primates are not well understood. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (msc-evs), which mediate cell-to-cell inflammatory and trophic signaling, are thought be viable therapeutic targets. we recently showed, in aged female rhesus monkeys, that systemic adminis ...202032241837
obesogenic diet-associated c-reactive protein predicts reduced central dopamine and corticostriatal functional connectivity in female rhesus monkeys.alterations in dopamine (da) signaling and reductions in functional connectivity (fc; a measure of temporal correlations of activity between different brain regions) within dopaminergic reward pathways are implicated in the etiology of psychopathology and have been associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers, including c-reactive protein. peripheral and central inflammatory cytokines that have been shown to disrupt da signaling and corticostriatal fc are associated with c-re ...202032240763
targeting the oxe receptor as a potential novel therapy for asthma.5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ete) is an arachidonic acid metabolite formed by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo) product 5s-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5s-hete) by the nadp+-dependent enzyme 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. it is the only 5-lo product with appreciable chemoattractant activity for human eosinophils. its actions are mediated by the selective oxe receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and monocytes. orthologs of ...202032240653
rhesus macaque brain developmental trajectory: a longitudinal analysis using tensor-based structural morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging.the typical developmental trajectory of brain structure among nonhuman primates (nhps) remains poorly understood. in this study, we characterized the normative trajectory of developmental change among a cohort of rhesus monkeys (n = 28), ranging in age from 2 to 22 months, using structural mri datasets that were longitudinally acquired every 3-4 months. we hypothesized that nhp-specific transient intracranial volume decreases reported during late infancy would be part of the typical developmenta ...202032239147
a durable protective immune response to wild-type measles virus infection of macaques is due to viral replication and spread in lymphoid tissues.infection with wild-type (wt) measles virus (mev) is an important cause of childhood mortality that leads to lifelong protective immunity in survivors. wt mev and the live-attenuated mev used in the measles vaccine (lamv) are antigenically similar, but the determinants of attenuation are unknown, and protective immunity induced by lamv is less robust than that induced by wt mev. to identify factors that contribute to these differences, we compared virologic and immunologic responses after respir ...202032238577
irak1 is a critical mediator of inflammation-induced preterm birth.preterm birth (ptb) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, often triggered by chorioamnionitis or intrauterine inflammation (iui) with or without infection. recently, there has been a strong association of il-1 with ptb. we hypothesized that il-1r-associated kinase 1 (irak1), a key signaling mediator in the tlr/il-1 pathway, plays a critical role in ptb. in human fetal membranes (fm) collected immediately after birth from women delivering preterm, p-irak1 was significantly increas ...202032238461
correction for mavigner et al., "simian immunodeficiency virus persistence in cellular and anatomic reservoirs in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed infant rhesus macaques". 202032234801
primate version of modified rankin scale for classifying dysfunction in rhesus monkeys.background and purpose- nonhuman primates are increasingly used in translational studies of ischemic stroke. however, current scoring systems in monkeys (eg, nonhuman primate stroke scale) do not focus on impairments in activities of daily living, so clinically relevant data are scarce for evaluating functional deficits in this model. methods- here, we referenced the modified rankin scale to provide a primate version of rankin scale (prs) for ranking neurological dysfunction in monkeys following ...202032233743
conditionally reprogrammed macaque endocervical cells retain steroid receptor expression and produce mucus.cervical mucus produced by the endocervix plays an essential role as a hormonally induced regulator of female fertility. cervical mucus fluctuates in both physical characteristics and in sperm penetrability in response to estrogens and progestogens. however, the mechanisms by which steroid hormones change mucus remains poorly understood. current in vitro models have limited capability to study these questions as primary endocervical cells possess limited expansion potential, and immortalized cel ...202032232331
a state-based probabilistic method for decoding hand position during movement from ecog signals in non-human primate.in this study, we proposed a state-based probabilistic method for decoding hand positions during unilateral and bilateral movements using the ecog signals recorded from the brain of rhesus monkey.202032224511
tuberculosis-associated ifn-i induces siglec-1 on tunneling nanotubes and favors hiv-1 spread in macrophages.while tuberculosis (tb) is a risk factor in hiv-1-infected individuals, the mechanisms by which mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) worsens hiv-1 pathogenesis remain scarce. we showed that hiv-1 infection is exacerbated in macrophages exposed to tb-associated microenvironments due to tunneling nanotube (tnt) formation. to identify molecular factors associated with tnt function, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in these macrophages, and revealed the up-regulation of siglec-1 receptor. siglec-1 ...202032223897
daily ethanol drinking followed by an abstinence period impairs bone marrow niche and mitochondrial function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in rhesus macaques.unhealthy consumption of alcohol is a major public health crisis with strong associations between immunological dysfunctions, high vulnerability to infectious disease, anemia, and an increase in the risk of hematological malignancies. however, there is a lack of studies addressing alcohol-induced changes in bone marrow (bm) and hematopoiesis as fundamental aspects of immune system function.202032220015
immunohistochemical distribution of 10 gabaa receptor subunits in the forebrain of the rhesus monkey macaca mulatta.gabaa receptors are composed of five subunits arranged around a central chloride channel. their subunits originate from different genes or gene families. the majority of gabaa receptors in the mammalian brain consist of two α-, two β- and one γ- or δ-subunit. this subunit organization crucially determines the physiological and pharmacological properties of the gabaa receptors. using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of 10 gabaa receptor subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, β1, β2, ...202032220012
distinguishing between parallel and serial processing in visual attention from neurobiological data.serial and parallel processing in visual search have been long debated in psychology, but the processing mechanism remains an open issue. serial processing allows only one object at a time to be processed, whereas parallel processing assumes that various objects are processed simultaneously. here, we present novel neural models for the two types of processing mechanisms based on analysis of simultaneously recorded spike trains using electrophysiological data from prefrontal cortex of rhesus monk ...202032218974
characterisation of the gut microbial community of rhesus macaques in high-altitude environments.the mammal intestinal microbiota is involved in various physiological processes and plays a key role in host environment adaption. however, for non-human primates (nhps), little is known about their gut microbial community in high-altitude environments and even less about their adaption to such habitats. we characterised the gut microbial community of rhesus macaques from multiple high-altitude environments and compared it to those of low-altitude populations.202032216756
hiv env-specific igg antibodies induced by vaccination of neonatal rhesus macaques persist and can be augmented by a late booster immunization in infancy.the hiv epidemics in infants and adolescent women are linked. young women of childbearing age are at high risk for hiv infection and, due to poor hiv testing rates and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy, are at high risk for mother-to-infant transmission. we hypothesize that hiv vaccine regimens initiated in early life would provide the necessary time frame to induce mature and highly functional env-specific antibody responses that could potentially also protect against hiv acquisition late ...202032213623
a multiplex centrality metric for complex social networks: sex, social status, and family structure predict multiplex centrality in rhesus macaques.members of a society interact using a variety of social behaviors, giving rise to a multi-faceted and complex social life. for the study of animal behavior, quantifying this complexity is critical for understanding the impact of social life on animals' health and fitness. multilayer network approaches, where each interaction type represents a different layer of the social network, have the potential to better capture this complexity than single layer approaches. calculating individuals' centrali ...202032211232
a combination of two human monoclonal antibodies limits fetal damage by zika virus in macaques.human infection by zika virus (zikv) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent zikv infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. z004 and z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain iii of the envelope (ediii) of zikv. together the two antibodies protect nonpreg ...202032209664
route of vaccine administration alters antigen trafficking but not innate or adaptive immunity.although intramuscular (i.m.) administration is the most commonly used route for licensed vaccines, subcutaneous (s.c.) delivery is being explored for several new vaccines under development. here, we use rhesus macaques, physiologically relevant to humans, to identify the anatomical compartments and early immune processes engaged in the response to immunization via the two routes. administration of fluorescently labeled hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers displayed on liposomes enables visualiza ...202032209459
cross-species cortical alignment identifies different types of anatomical reorganization in the primate temporal lobe.evolutionary adaptations of temporo-parietal cortex are considered to be a critical specialization of the human brain. cortical adaptations, however, can affect different aspects of brain architecture, including local expansion of the cortical sheet or changes in connectivity between cortical areas. we distinguish different types of changes in brain architecture using a computational neuroanatomy approach. we investigate the extent to which between-species alignment, based on cortical myelin, ca ...202032202497
evaluation of the immune response of a h7n9 candidate vaccine virus derived from the fifth wave a/guangdong/17sf003/2016.highly pathogenic influenza h7n9 viruses that emerged in the fifth wave of h7n9 outbreak pose a risk to human health. the world health organization has updated the candidate vaccine viruses for h7n9 viruses recently. in this study, we evaluated the immune response to an updated h7n9 candidate vaccine virus, which derived from the highly pathogenic a/guangdong/17sf003/2016 (gd/16) in mice and rhesus macaques. gd/16 vaccination elicited robust neutralizing, virus-specific immunoglobulin g antibodi ...202032201204
generation and functional assessment of nonhuman primate regulatory dendritic cells and their therapeutic efficacy in renal transplantation.nonhuman primates (nhp) are important pre-clinical models for evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the most promising potential therapeutic advances in organ transplantation based on rodent studies. although rare, dendritic cells (dc) play important roles in preservation of self tolerance and dc with immunoregulatory properties (regulatory dc; dcreg) can promote transplant tolerance in rodents when adoptively transferred to allograft recipients. nhp dcreg can be generated ex vivo from bone m ...202032197811
opioid receptors in immune and glial cells-implications for pain control.opioid receptors comprise μ (mop), δ (dop), κ (kop), and nociceptin/orphanin fq (nop) receptors. opioids are agonists of mop, dop, and kop receptors, whereas nociceptin/orphanin fq (n/ofq) is an agonist of nop receptors. activation of all four opioid receptors in neurons can induce analgesia in animal models, but the most clinically relevant are mop receptor agonists (e.g., morphine, fentanyl). opioids can also affect the function of immune cells, and their actions in relation to immunosuppressi ...202032194554
effect of chemogenetic actuator drugs on prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory in nonhuman primates.the most common chemogenetic neuromodulatory system, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (dreadds), uses a non-endogenous actuator ligand to activate a modified muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that is insensitive to acetylcholine. it is crucial in studies using these systems to test the potential effects of dreadd actuators prior to any dreadd transduction, so that effects of dreadds can be attributed to the chemogenetic system rather than the actuator drug, particularly ...202032193513
rhesus monkey rhadinovirus isolated from hemangioma tissue.we isolated a rhesus monkey rhadinovirus, isolate rrvmmu 209-07, from hemangioma tissue. the virion dna was sequenced by illumina-based sequencing. isolate rrvmmu 209-07 is highly similar overall to rrv 26-95, but considerable differences exist in the 3' region of the genome.202032193241
the effects of intramuscular naloxone dose on mu receptor displacement of carfentanil in rhesus monkeys.naloxone (nlx) is a mu receptor antagonist used to treat acute opioid overdoses. currently approved doses of naloxone to treat opioid overdoses are 4 mg intranasal (in) and 2 mg intramuscular (im). however, higher mu receptor occupancy (ro) may be required to treat overdoses due to more potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil that have entered the illicit drug market recently. to address this need, a higher dose of nlx has been investigated in a 5 mg im formulation called zimhi ...202032192089
a new look at neurobehavioral development in rhesus monkey neonates (macaca mulatta).the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (nbas) evaluates a newborn infant's autonomic, motor, state, temperament, and social-attentional systems, which can help to identify infants at risk of developmental problems. given the prevalence of rhesus monkeys being used as an animal model for human development, here we aimed to validate a standardized test battery modeled after the nbas for use with nonhuman primates called the infant behavioral assessment scale (ibas), employing explorato ...202032187719
reproductive outcomes in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with naturally-acquired trypanosoma cruzi infection.chagas disease is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. t. cruzi is found in latin america and the southern united states, where it infects many species, including humans and nonhuman primates (nhps). nhps are susceptible to natural infection and can develop clinical symptoms consistent with human disease, including chagasic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal disease and transplacental transmission, leading to congenital infection. due t ...202032183928
itr-seq, a next-generation sequencing assay, identifies genome-wide dna editing sites in vivo following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated genome editing.identifying nuclease-induced double-stranded breaks in dna on a genome-wide scale is critical for assessing the safety and efficacy of genome editing therapies. we previously demonstrated that after administering adeno-associated viral (aav) vector-mediated genome-editing strategies in vivo, vector sequences integrated into the host organism's genomic dna at double-stranded breaks. thus, identifying the genomic location of inserted aav sequences would enable us to identify dsb events, mainly der ...202032183699
is human-rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) conflict in india a case of human-human conflict?the perceptions of wildlife managers regarding human-wildlife conflict (hwc) scenarios are likely to affect the outcomes of conflict mitigation measures. we studied the attitudes and perceptions of forest department personnel regarding the management of human-rhesus macaque conflict (hrmc) in himachal pradesh, northern india. we collected data through a questionnaire survey and used frameworks from organizational psychology to draw insights from our results. forest department personnel belonging ...202032180172
comparative ecological and behavioral study of macaca assamensis and m. mulatta in shivapuri nagarjun national park, nepal.resource partitioning reduces the competition between different species within the same habitat, promoting their coexistence. to understand how such species co-adapt to reduce conflicts, we examined the behavior of two primates, assamese macaque (macaca assamensis) and rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta), from april 2017 to march 2018 in sivapuri nagarjun national park (snnp), kathmandu valley, nepal. we performed 1580 and 1261 scan sessions on wild multi-male/multi-female groups of assamese and rhe ...202032180044
clinical and pathologic features of spontaneous klebsiella pneumoniae infection in 9 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium found in the environment and as a commensal in humans and animals. in humans, k. pneumoniae is one of the most serious nosocomial infections encountered currently and is characterized by liver abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia resulting in meningoencephalitis and endophthalmitis. k. pneumoniae in veterinary medicine is rarely reported in nhp, and recent literature describing this disease is sparse. in our colony of predominantly outdoor-house ...202032178759
emotional responses in monkeys differ depending on the stimulus type, sex, and neonatal amygdala lesion status.the amygdala plays an essential role in evaluating social information, threat detection, and learning fear associations. yet, most of that knowledge comes from studies in adult humans and animals with a fully developed amygdala. given the considerable protracted postnatal development of the amygdala, it is important to understand how early damage to this structure may impact the long-term development of behavior. the current study examined behavioral responses toward social, innate, or learned a ...202032175761
engagement of monocytes, nk cells, and cd4+ th1 cells by alvac-siv vaccination results in a decreased risk of sivmac251 vaginal acquisition.the recombinant canarypox alvac-hiv/gp120/alum vaccine regimen was the first to significantly decrease the risk of hiv acquisition in humans, with equal effectiveness in both males and females. similarly, an equivalent siv-based alvac vaccine regimen decreased the risk of virus acquisition in indian rhesus macaques of both sexes following intrarectal exposure to low doses of sivmac251. here, we demonstrate that the alvac-siv/gp120/alum vaccine is also efficacious in female chinese rhesus macaque ...202032163525
the human il-15 superagonist n-803 promotes migration of virus-specific cd8+ t and nk cells to b cell follicles but does not reverse latency in art-suppressed, shiv-infected macaques.despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (art) to halt viral replication and slow disease progression, this treatment is not curative and there remains an urgent need to develop approaches to clear the latent hiv reservoir. the human il-15 superagonist n-803 (formerly alt-803) is a promising anti-cancer biologic with potent immunostimulatory properties that has been extended into the field of hiv as a potential "shock and kill" therapeutic for hiv cure. however, the ability of n-803 to reac ...202032163523
intergenerational effects of mother's early rearing experience on offspring treatment and socioemotional development.this longitudinal study spans two generations of rhesus monkeys. first, the study investigates the effects of early rearing experiences on the maternal behavior of first-generation mothers (rates of premature infant rejection) and, second, the study investigates the effects of maternal rejection on the behavior of second-generation infants. rhesus macaque mother-infant dyads (macaca mulatta-n = 176) were observed twice weekly, with each session lasting 300 s. first-generation mothers were raised ...202032162325
mhc-e-restricted cd8+ t cells target hepatitis b virus-infected human hepatocytes.currently 247 million people are living with chronic hepatitis b virus infection (chb), and the development of novel curative treatments is urgently needed. immunotherapy is an attractive approach to treat chb, yet therapeutic approaches to augment the endogenous hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific t cell response in chb patients have demonstrated little success. in this study, we show that strain 68-1 rhesus macaque (rm) cmv vaccine vectors expressing hbv ags engender hbv-specific cd8+ t cells unc ...202032161099
safety and immunogenicity of an experimental live combination vaccine against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 in rhesus monkeys.enterovirus 71 (ev-a71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) are the two most common pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). previously, we obtained one candidate live attenuated strain each for ev-a71 and cv-a16; here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a combinedlive vaccine against ev-a71 and cv-a16 generated from these two candidate strains. rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly treated with a live combinationvaccine against both ev-a71 and cv-a16 or with either vaccine a ...202032159429
behavioural variability contributes to over-staying in patchy foraging.foragers often systematically deviate from rate-maximizing choices in two ways: accuracy and precision. that is, they use suboptimal threshold values and also show variability in their application of those thresholds. we hypothesized that these biases are related and, more specifically, that foragers' widely known accuracy bias--over-staying--could be explained, at least in part, by their imprecision. to test this hypothesis, we analysed choices made by three rhesus macaques in a computerized pa ...202032156171
monitoring compound-related effects on coagulability in rats and cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys by thrombin generation kinetic measurement.thrombin generation assay (tga) is a sensitive method for the assessment of the global clotting potential of plasma. this kinetic assay can detect both hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable conditions: delayed or reduced thrombin generation leading to a prolonged clotting time, or induced thrombin activity, shifting the coagulation cascade toward thrombosis. the purpose of this study is to qualify the tga in nonhuman primates (nhp) and rats for its use during nonclinical in vivo and in vitro studie ...202032153221
inference of nonlinear receptive field subunits with spike-triggered clustering.responses of sensory neurons are often modeled using a weighted combination of rectified linear subunits. since these subunits often cannot be measured directly, a flexible method is needed to infer their properties from the responses of downstream neurons. we present a method for maximum likelihood estimation of subunits by soft-clustering spike-triggered stimuli, and demonstrate its effectiveness in visual neurons. for parasol retinal ganglion cells in macaque retina, estimated subunits partit ...202032149600
native chemical ligation via n-acylurea thioester surrogates obtained by fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis.native chemical ligation (ncl) enables the direct chemical synthesis and semisynthesis of proteins of different sizes and compositions, streamlining the access to proteins containing posttranslational modifications (ptms). ncl assembles peptide fragments through the chemoselective reaction of a c-terminal α-thioester peptide, prepared either by chemical synthesis or via intein-splicing technology, and a recombinant or synthetic peptide containing an n-terminal cys. whereas the generation of c-te ...202032144666
the lateral prefrontal cortex of primates encodes stimulus colors and their behavioral relevance during a match-to-sample task.the lateral prefrontal cortex of primates (lpfc) plays a central role in complex cognitive behavior, in decision-making as well as in guiding top-down attention. however, how and where in lpfc such behaviorally relevant signals are computed is poorly understood. we analyzed neural recordings from chronic microelectrode arrays implanted in lpfc region 8av/45 of two rhesus macaques. the animals performed a feature match-to-sample task requiring them to match both motion and color information in a ...202032144331
specific substitutions in region v2 of gp120 env confer shiv neutralisation resistance.a tier 2 shiv-mk38 strain was obtained after two in vivo passages of tier 1 shiv-mk1. shiv-mk38#818, cloned from the mk38 strain, was neutralisation-resistant, like the parental mk38 strain, to shiv-infected monkey plasma (mp), hiv-1-infected human pooled plasma (hpp), and kd247 monoclonal antibody (mab) (anti-v3 gp120 env). we investigated the mechanisms underlying the resistance of #818, specifically the amino acid substitutions that confer resistance to mk1. we introduced amino acid substitut ...202032138199
animal models of congenital cytomegalovirus transmission: implications for vaccine development.although cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) are species-specific, the study of nonhuman cmvs in animal models can help to inform and direct research aimed at developing a human cmv (hcmv) vaccine. because the driving force behind the development of hcmv vaccines is to prevent congenital infection, the animal model in question must be one in which vertical transmission of virus occurs to the fetus. fortunately, two such animal models-the rhesus macaque cmv and guinea pig cmv-are characterized by congenital ...202032134481
postnatal development of the entorhinal cortex: a stereological study in macaque monkeys.the entorhinal cortex is the main gateway for interactions between the neocortex and the hippocampus. distinct regions, layers, and cells of the hippocampal formation exhibit different profiles of structural and molecular maturation during postnatal development. here, we provide estimates of neuron number, neuronal soma size, and volume of the different layers and subdivisions of the monkey entorhinal cortex (eo, er, elr, ei, elc, ec, ecl) during postnatal development. we found different develop ...202032134112
differential outcomes following optimization of simian-human immunodeficiency viruses from clades ae, b, and c.simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) infection of rhesus monkeys is an important preclinical model for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vaccines, therapeutics, and cure strategies. shivs have been optimized by incorporating hiv-1 env residue 375 mutations that mimic the bulky or hydrophobic residues typically found in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) env to improve rhesus cd4 binding. we applied this strategy to three shiv challenge stocks (shiv-sf162p3, shiv-ae16, and shiv-3 ...202032132241
establishment and evaluation of a monkey acute cerebral ischemia model.cerebral ischemia seriously threatens human health and is characterized by high rates of incidence, disability and death. developing an ideal animal model of cerebral ischemia that reflects the human clinical features is critical for pathological studies and clinical research. the goal of this study is to establish a local cerebral ischemia model in rhesus macaque, thereby providing an optimal animal model to study cerebral ischemia.202032130353
immunotherapy with dna vaccine and live attenuated rubella/siv gag vectors plus early art can prevent sivmac251 viral rebound in acutely infected rhesus macaques.anti-retroviral therapy (art) has been highly successful in controlling hiv replication, reducing viral burden, and preventing both progression to aids and viral transmission. yet, art alone cannot cure the infection. even after years of successful therapy, art withdrawal leads inevitably to viral rebound within a few weeks or months. our hypothesis: effective therapy must control both the replicating virus pool and the reactivatable latent viral reservoir. to do this, we have combined art and i ...202032130229
passive immunization with an extended half-life monoclonal antibody protects rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin toxin.inhalation of ricin toxin (rt), a category b biothreat agent, provokes an acute respiratory distress syndrome marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, neutrophilic exudate, and pulmonary edema. the severity of rt exposure is attributed to the tropism of the toxin's b subunit (rtb) for alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells, coupled with the extraordinarily potent ribosome-inactivating properties of the toxin's enzymatic subunit (rta). while there are currently no v ...202032128254
interspecies comparison of simultaneous thrombin and plasmin generation.animal models of hemostasis are often extrapolated to humans; however, only a few studies have compared coagulation and fibrinolysis across species. simultaneous thrombin (tg) and plasmin (pg) generation is useful to assessing coagulation and fibrinolysis within the same sample. in this study, we performed simultaneous tg and pg analysis in blood plasma samples from humans and 6 species commonly evaluated in pre-clinical research. tg and pg were investigated in male and female donor platelet-poo ...202032127577
selective intra-arterial brain cooling improves long-term outcomes in a non-human primate model of embolic stroke: efficacy depending on reperfusion status.nearly all stroke neuroprotection modalities, including selective intra-arterial cooling (si-ac), have failed to be translated from bench to bed side. potentially overlooked reasons may be biological gaps, inadequate attention to reperfusion states and mismatched attention to neurological benefits. to advance stroke translation, we describe a novel thrombus-based stroke model in adult rhesus macaques. intra-arterial thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator leads to three clinically relevan ...202032126876
characterization of two neutralizing antibodies against rift valley fever virus gn protein.the rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an arthropod-borne virus that can not only cause severe disease in domestic animals but also in humans. however, the licensed vaccines or available therapeutics for humans do not exist. here, we report two gn-specific neutralizing antibodies (nabs), isolated from a rhesus monkey immunized with recombinant human adenoviruses type 4 expressing rift valley fever virus gn and gc protein (rhadv4-gngcopt). the two nabs were both able to protect host cells from rvf ...202032120864
potential effects of antibiotic-induced gut microbiome alteration on blood-brain barrier permeability compromise in rhesus monkeys.the blood-brain barrier (bbb) contributes to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. gut microbiome composition affects bbb development and expression of tight junction proteins in rodents. however, we still do not know if there is any direct effect of gut microbial composition on bbb permeability and function in normal adult animals. in the current study, we determined temporal and spatial changes in bbb permeability of rhesus monkeys receiving amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (ac) by monitoring the c ...202032112442
anti-pd-1 treatment disrupts the painkilling effects of morphine.pd-1 depletion or nivolumab treatment dampened morphine antinociception in mice and rhesus macaques.202032111598
mapping the epitopes of schistosoma japonicum esophageal gland proteins for incorporation into vaccine constructs.the development of a schistosome vaccine has proved challenging but we have suggested that characterisation of the self-cure mechanism in rhesus macaques might provide a route to an effective product. the schistosome esophagus is a complex structure where blood processing is initiated by secretions from anterior and posterior glands, achieved by a mixture of ~40 unique proteins. the mechanism of self-cure in macaques involves cessation of feeding, after which worms slowly starve to death. antibo ...202032107503
chloroquine and rapamycin augment interleukin-37 expression via the lc3, erk, and ap-1 axis in the presence of lipopolysaccharides.il-37 is a cytokine that plays critical protective roles in many metabolic inflammatory diseases, and its therapeutic potential has been confirmed by exogenous il-37 administration. however, its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. u937 cells were treated with autophagy-modifying reagents (3-ma, chloroquine, and rapamycin) with or without lps stimulation. thereafter, il-37 expression and autophagic markers (beclin1, p62/sqstm1, and lc3) were determined. for regulatory signal pathways, phosphory ...202032104716
complete protection in macaques conferred by purified inactivated zika vaccine: defining a correlate of protection.a critical global health need exists for a zika vaccine capable of mitigating the effects of future zika epidemics. in this study we evaluated the antibody responses and efficacy of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted purified inactivated zika vaccine (pizv) against challenge with zika virus (zikv) strain prvabc59. indian rhesus macaques received two doses of pizv at varying concentrations ranging from 0.016 µg - 10 µg and were subsequently challenged with zikv six weeks or one year following the s ...202032103097
effects of opioid/cannabinoid mixtures on impulsivity and memory in rhesus monkeys.the opioid epidemic underscores the need for safer and more effective treatments for pain. combining opioid receptor agonists with drugs that relieve pain through nonopioid mechanisms could be a useful strategy for reducing the dose of opioid needed to treat pain, thereby reducing risks associated with opioids alone. opioid/cannabinoid mixtures might be useful in this context; individually, opioids and cannabinoids have modest effects on cognition, and it is important to determine whether those ...202032101988
a neural network for online spike classification that improves decoding accuracy.separating neural signals from noise can improve brain-computer interface performance and stability. however, most algorithms for separating neural action potentials from noise are not suitable for use in real time and have shown mixed effects on decoding performance. with the goal of removing noise that impedes online decoding, we sought to automate the intuition of human spike-sorters to operate in real time with an easily tunable parameter governing the stringency with which spike waveforms a ...202032101491
discovery of [11c]mk-6884: a positron emission tomography (pet) imaging agent for the study of m4muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators (pams) in neurodegenerative diseases.the measurement of receptor occupancy (ro) using positron emission tomography (pet) has been instrumental in guiding discovery and development of cns directed therapeutics. we and others have investigated muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (m4) positive allosteric modulators (pams) for the treatment of symptoms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. in this article, we describe the synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of a series of central pyridine-related m4 pams that can be ...202032101422
mineralized trichobezoars in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta).a five-year-old female rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) presented with a thin body condition and multiple palpable mid-abdominal masses. mineralized cecal trichobezoars were removed surgically. thirteen months later, similar masses recurred and were confirmed with radiographs. this is the first case report of a mineralized cecal trichobezoar in a rhesus macaque.202032100304
neural correlates of strategy switching in the macaque orbital prefrontal cortex.we can adapt flexibly to environment changes and search for the most appropriate rule to a context. the orbital prefrontal cortex (pfo) has been associated with decision making, rule generation and maintenance, and more generally has been considered important for behavioral flexibility. to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the flexible behavior, we studied the ability to generate a switching signal in monkey pfo when a strategy is changed. in the strategy task, we used a visual ...202032098903
identification of hiv-1 envelope mutations that enhance entry using macaque cd4 and ccr5.although rhesus macaques are an important animal model for hiv-1 vaccine development research, most transmitted hiv-1 strains replicate poorly in macaque cells. a major genetic determinant of this species-specific restriction is a non-synonymous mutation in macaque cd4 that results in reduced hiv-1 envelope (env)-mediated viral entry compared to human cd4. recent research efforts employing either laboratory evolution or structure-guided design strategies have uncovered several mutations in env's ...202032098152
spontaneous krt5 gene mutation in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): a novel nonhuman primate model of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.epidermolysis bullosa simplex (ebs) is an inherited skin disorder characterized by increased skin and mucous membrane fragility. most cases are caused by mutations in keratin 5 (krt5) and keratin 14 (krt14). mutations of these genes result in cytoskeletal disruption of the basal keratinocytes. gross and histopathologic findings of 2 clinically affected homozygous rhesus macaques with an insertion variant mutation in krt5 are described and compared with 6 deceased phenotypically normal animals th ...202032096448
myocardial changes in diabetic and nondiabetic nonhuman primates.diabetic human patients have increased risk of heart failure compared to healthy subjects. the underlying mechanisms for this are not fully understood, and to help develop improved treatment strategies, well-characterized animal models are essential. to investigate cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, this study evaluated myocardial changes in 10 aging rhesus monkeys with and without diabetes. based on evaluation of plasma glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose, 7 of 10 rhesus macaques had diabetes for ...202032096447
correction: antibiotic-induced microbiome perturbations are associated with significant alterations to colonic mucosal immunity in rhesus macaques.an amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.202032094503
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 201 - 300 of 30434