Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| interactions of carotid sinus or aortic input with emetic signals from gastric afferents and vestibular system. | this study investigated how baro- and chemoreceptor afferents interact with emetic signals from gastric afferents and the vestibular system, and how these interactions modulate emetic and prodromal responses. we performed splanchnic denervation and abdominal vagotomy in anesthetized shrews (suncus murinus), and then induced emetic responses by gastric distension. next, we investigated the effects of these gastric afferent sections on cardiovascular and emetic responses induced by electrical stim ... | 2008 | 18929515 |
| the effects of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol on motion-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | the effect of cannabinoids on motion-induced emesis is unknown. the present study investigated the action of phytocannabinoids against motion-induced emesis in suncus murinus. suncus murinus were injected intraperitoneally with either cannabidiol (cbd) (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)-thc; 0.5, 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 45 min. before exposure to a 10-min. horizontal motion stimulus (amplitude 40 mm, frequency 1 hz). in further investigations, the ... | 2008 | 18816298 |
| expression and localization of aquaporins in the kidney of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). | expression and localization of members of the aquaporin (aqp) family (aqp1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) in the kidney of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) was examined by immunohistochemistry. aqp1 was expressed in the proximal tubules and in the thin limb of the loops of henle. aqp1 was the only water channel expressed in the proximal nephron examined, indicating that aqp1 may be an independent water transporter in the proximal nephron. aqp2 and aqp5 were localized to the apical cytoplasm of the cortical to ... | 2008 | 17938283 |
| immunohistochemical studies on the distribution of lymphocytes in the peripheral and mucosal lymphoid tissues of laboratory musk shrews (suncus murinus). | we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mab), named 1e9, which recognizes the immunoglobulin (ig) m-like molecule of the insectivore laboratory animal, the suncus. this mab was developed in order to investigate the distribution of surface ig (sig)-bearing lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissues of this animal. immunohistochemically, the distribution of 1e9+ lymphocytes in the follicles of peripheral lymphoid tissues showed homology with such distribution in rodents. however, the lymphocytes in the f ... | 2008 | 1473597 |
| genetic linkage map of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, constructed with pcr-based and rflp markers. | a genetic linkage map for suncus murinus was previously constructed with 11 marker loci. in this study, we developed 172 new microsatellite and three rflp markers, and re-constructed a new framework map by combining all markers. the new map comprises 42 markers that are distributed into 12 linkage groups, two of which are assigned to chromosomes, and spans 403.5 cm with an average inter-marker distance of 13.5 cm. | 2008 | 18421175 |
| neuropeptide y influences acute food intake and energy status affects npy immunoreactivity in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus). | neuropeptide y (npy) stimulates feeding, depresses sexual behavior, and its expression in the brain is modulated by energetic status. we examined the role of npy in female musk shrews, a species with high energetic and reproductive demands; they store little fat, and small changes in energy can rapidly diminish or enhance sexual receptivity. intracerebroventricular infusion of npy enhanced acute food intake in shrews; however, npy had little affect on sexual receptivity. the distribution of npy ... | 2008 | 18191134 |
| development of heterodont dentition in house shrew (suncus murinus). | mammalian heterodont dentition comprises incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. although there has been intensive research, the patterning of these specific tooth types has not yet been elucidated. in order for the gene expression data to be linked with tooth type determination, it is first necessary to determine precisely the incisor-, canine-, premolar-, and molar-forming regions in the jaw primordia. to accomplish this, we studied dentition development in the house shrew (suncus murinus), ... | 2007 | 18028049 |
| changes in ucp1, d2 (dio2) and glut4 (slc2a4) mrna expression in response to short-term cold exposure in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), or so-called suncus, is a cold-intolerant mammal, but it is unclear why it is susceptible to low temperatures. cold-intolerance may be the result of lower thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue (bat). the early phase of severe cold exposure is a critical period for suncus. therefore, we exposed suncus to mildly cold temperatures (10-12 degrees c) for 1 to 48 h to increase non-shivering thermogenesis without causing stress and measured changes in the e ... | 2007 | 17660682 |
| phylogeography of wild musk shrew (suncus murinus) populations in asia based on blood protein/enzyme variation. | the musk shrew (suncus murinus) is an insectivore species that inhabits tropical and subtropical asia widely. to clarify the genetic relationship among wild musk shrew populations, we examined the electrophoretic variants of biparentally inherited genetic markers at 10 loci coding for eight blood proteins/enzymes in a total of 639 animals and compared the results obtained from the mitochondrial dna data. the principal-component analysis performed using the allele frequency data revealed that the ... | 2007 | 17551826 |
| action of glp-1 (7-36) amide and exendin-4 on suncus murinus (house musk shrew) isolated ileum. | glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) receptor agonists have been reported to modulate gastrointestinal motility but the mechanism is essentially unknown. in the present studies, we investigated the potency and mechanism of action of glp-1 receptor ligands on the isolated ileum of suncus murinus, an insectivore used in anti-emetic research. ileal segments were mounted in organ baths containing kreb's solution. cumulative concentration-response curves to glp-1 (7-36) amide (0.1-300 nm) and exendin-4 (0 ... | 2007 | 17475239 |
| the evaluation of whole-body plethysmography as a semiautomated method for analysis of emesis in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | we analyzed the cisplatin-induced emetic responses of suncus murinus by observation of both videorecorded behavior and changes in peak expiratory flow (pef) as monitored by whole-body plethysmography. analysis of the pef data by use of a macro program revealed emesis-related changes in pef. cisplatin dose-response curves obtained by both methods showed similar emesis profiles. in addition, our pef-based analytical method could be used to assess emesis changes induced by various other emetogens ( ... | 2007 | 17343358 |
| population structure of wild musk shrews (suncus murinus) in asia based on mitochondrial dna variation, with research in cambodia and bhutan. | the musk shrew (suncus murinus) is a small mammalian species belonging to insectivora. it is widely distributed in asia. to identify the genetic relationship among wild musk shrew populations and examine its migration route, we investigated the populations of cambodia and bhutan by using mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared them with other asian populations previously described. four haplotypes were detected in cambodia and eight in bhutan. a total of ... | 2007 | 17318375 |
| action of anti-tussive drugs on the emetic reflex of suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the cough and emetic reflexes involve a synchronized firing of motor neurones involved in respiratory control. tachykinin nk1 receptor antagonists and 5-ht1a receptor agonists are examples of centrally acting drugs that reduce cough and emesis. in the present studies, therefore, we examined the possibility that other classes of drugs known to reducing cough have anti-emetic properties to prevent emesis induced by diverse challenges. we examined the potential of codeine (1-10 mg/kg), baclofen (1- ... | 2007 | 17254564 |
| thottapalayam virus, a prototype shrewborne hantavirus. | thottapalayam virus (tpmv) has been placed in the genus hantavirus of the family bunyaviridae by virtue of its morphologic features and overall genetic similarities to well-characterized rodentborne hantaviruses. this virus has been isolated from the asian house shrew (suncus murinus); however, whether tpmv is naturally harbored by an insectivore host or represents spillover from a rodent reservoir host is unknown. our analysis of published and unpublished data on the experimental host range, ge ... | 2007 | 18214168 |
| development of serological assays for thottapalayam virus, an insectivore-borne hantavirus. | thottapalayam virus (tpmv), a member of the genus hantavirus in the family bunyaviridae, was isolated from an insectivore, suncus murinus (musk shrew), captured in southern india in 1964. while the isolation of tpmv predates the discovery of the prototype hantaan virus, little is known about its genetics and biology. to date, preliminary evidence suggests that tpmv differs significantly, both antigenically and genetically, from all known rodent-borne hantaviruses. however, since detailed epizoot ... | 2007 | 17182762 |
| gross anatomical study of the sympathetic cardiac nerves in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the sympathetic cardiac nerves originating from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were examined using macroscopic and whole-mount immunohistochemical methods. based on the results, the nerves were macroscopically classified into the following three groups: nerves innervating the cervical sympathetic ganglia mainly to the arterial porta of the heart; nerves supplying the stellate and thoracic sympathetic ganglia at the level of t2-t5 or t ... | 2007 | 17393537 |
| surgical anatomy of innervation of the gallbladder in humans and suncus murinus with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy. | to clarify the innervation of human gallbladder, with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy. | 2007 | 17465449 |
| correlation between emetic effect of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and their occupation of the high-affinity rolipram binding site in suncus murinus brain. | we employed an ex vivo [(3)h]rolipram binding experiment to elucidate the mechanism of emetic activity of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. in suncus murinus (an insectivore used for evaluation of emesis), emetic potential as well as ability to occupy the high-affinity rolipram binding site in brain membrane fraction in vivo were determined for phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. in vitro, [(3)h]rolipram bound to the membrane fraction of s. murinus brain with high affinity and its value was comparable ... | 2007 | 17658510 |
| thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the asian house shrew (suncus murinus). | thottapalayam (tpm) virus belongs to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. the genomes of hantaviruses consist of three negative-stranded rna segments (s, m and l) encoding the virus nucleocapsid (n), glycoprotein (gn, gc), and polymerase (l) proteins, respectively. the genus hantavirus contains predominantly rodent-borne viruses, with the prominent exception of tpm virus which was isolated in india in 1964 from an insectivore, suncus murinus, commonly referred to as the asian house shrew o ... | 2007 | 17711577 |
| bartonella strains in small mammals from dhaka, bangladesh, related to bartonella in america and europe. | ecological and bacteriologic observations of small mammals captured in dhaka, bangladesh, indicated that bartonella infections occurred in high prevalence among lesser bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis), black rats (rattus rattus), and house shrews (suncus murinus). sequence analysis of the citrate synthase gene of bartonella isolates showed that small mammals in bangladesh harbored a diverse assemblage of strains. some cultures were genetically related to bartonella elizabethae, a species i ... | 2007 | 17827381 |
| sonic hedgehog expression during early tooth development in suncus murinus. | tooth development is a highly organized process characterized by reciprocal interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. however, the expression patterns and functions of molecules involved in mouse tooth development are unclear from the viewpoint of explaining human dental malformations and anomalies. here, we show the expression of sonic hedgehog (shh), a potent initiator of morphogenesis, during the early stages of tooth development in suncus murinus. initially, symmetrical, elongated expr ... | 2007 | 17845800 |
| quest for the cause of oligodontia in suncus murinus (soricomorpha, soricidae): morphological re-examination. | many mammal species, including humans, exhibit oligodontia, or a lack of certain teeth in their dentition. however, the causes of the condition remain controversial. in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, both osteological and odontogenetic factors, which are genetically determined, have been implicated as causes of oligodontia. we examined 350 dry cranial specimens of s. murinus, representing seven laboratory strains and two wild populations. oligodontia was observed in the upper third inciso ... | 2007 | 17331463 |
| purinergic p2x receptor activation induces emetic responses in ferrets and suncus murinus (house musk shrews). | despite the rapid progress made in understanding the significant role played by signalling via extracellular atp in physiology and pathology, there has been no clear information generated on its involvement in the emetic response. | 2007 | 17700716 |
| a novel set of microsatellite marker loci linkage-mapped in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | ten microsatellite dna loci developed for the white-toothed shrew (crocidura russula) were tested for pcr amplification and for utility in linkage studies in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. four primer pairs successfully yielded pcr amplicons and showed polymorphism between two mutant strains, ban-kc,oeb and wz. cloning and sequencing of the pcr amplicons of all the four loci confirmed the presence of microsatellite sequences. alleles segregating in an f2 resource population constructed fr ... | 2007 | 17283891 |
| delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, but not ondansetron, interfere with conditioned retching reactions elicited by a lithium-paired context in suncus murinus: an animal model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting. | chemotherapy patients report not only acute nausea and vomiting during the treatment itself, but also report anticipatory nausea and vomiting upon re-exposure to the cues associated with the treatment. we present a model of anticipatory nausea based on the emetic reactions of the suncus murinus (musk shrew). following three pairings of a novel distinctive contextual cue with the emetic effects of an injection of lithium chloride, the context acquired the potential to elicit conditioned retching ... | 2006 | 16197970 |
| cloning of putative uncoupling protein 1 cdna in a cold-intolerant mammal, the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), or suncus, is a unique experimental animal. we recently showed that this mammal is cold intolerant and hypothesized that its sensitivity to cold is caused by low thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue (bat). thermogenesis in bat is performed by a unique mitochondrial protein, uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1). interestingly, only eutherians possess ucp1, and some traits in the suncus resemble those in the ucp1-ablated mouse, including cold intolerance, hist ... | 2006 | 17189913 |
| abundance and distribution of xenopsylla cheopis on small mammals collected in west java, indonesia during rodent-borne disease surveys. | during february 2004 and september 2005, xenopsylla cheopis were collected from small mammal hosts during rodent-bone disease surveys in jakarta and bandung, indonesia. during 4 trap nights in jakarta, 4 rodent species (rattus exulans, rattus norvegicus, rattus tanezumi and mus musculus) and one shrew species (suncus murinus) were collected. rattus tanezumi had the highest x. cheopis load (128 x. cheopis from 84 r. tanezumi) but r. norvegicus had the highest flea index, 1.8. in bandung, over 6 t ... | 2006 | 17333735 |
| surgical anatomy of the innervation of pylorus in human and suncus murinus, in relation to surgical technique for pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. | to clarify the innervation of the antro-pyloric region in humans from a clinico-anatomical perspective. | 2006 | 16610023 |
| unique regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism during fasting in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora: soricidae). | the active hormone, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (t3) is derived from thyroxine (t4) by the action of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases (5'-d). by now two types of 5'-d have been identified; type 1 (d1) and type 2 (d2). a relative contribution of these isotypes to the circulating t3 levels in the human remains to be determined whereas a number of reports indicate that, under physiological conditions, d1 plays a major role in maintaining circulating t3 levels in rodents. in both human and rodents, sickness ... | 2006 | 16426605 |
| fine structure of the atrial cardiocytes in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes of the house musk shrew were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the right atrium containing the auricle was studied by transmission electron microscopy. the atrial natriuretic peptide (anp)-granules of the cardiocytes in the auricle and the rest of the atrium were also analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry. on immunohistochemistry, anp immunoreactivity was detected in the atria, with the most intensely reacting cardiocytes being localized in the right ... | 2006 | 1828432 |
| adrenal contribution to the induction of sexual behavior in the female musk shrew. | sexually experienced female musk shrews (suncus murinus) lack an ovarian, vaginal, and behavioral estrous cycle. females, once induced by their initial contact with a male, are able to display copulatory behavior whenever a male is present (rissman, silveira, and bronson, 1988). based on plasma levels of steroids, and on hormone replacement studies conducted after ovariectomy (ovx), we have shown that testosterone (t) plays an essential role in the regulation of female sexual behavior (rissman a ... | 2006 | 1563731 |
| functions of tonsils in the mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract using a novel animal model, suncus murinus. | the human palatine tonsils and the nasopharyngeal tonsil were considered the defense mechanism against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens. the current findings suggest that the tubal tonsils possess abilities of active transportation of foreign antigens, and will act as inductive and effector sites in the mucosal immune system. our results also indicated a significant difference in roles of immune responses among individual tonsillar organs, suggesting functional sub-compartmentalization. | 2006 | 17050308 |
| the effect of the 5-ht1a receptor agonist, 8-oh-dpat, on motion-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | in the present study we evaluated the role of 5-ht(1a) receptors in mediating the inhibitory action of 8-oh-dpat, a 5-ht(1a) receptor agonist, in motion sickness in suncus murinus. 8-oh-dpat (0.1 mg/kg, i. p) attenuated motion-induced emesis which was associated with an increase in the latency of the onset to the first emetic episode. pre-treatment with methysergide (a 5-ht(1/2/7) receptor antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg, i. p.), way-100635 (a 5-ht(1a) receptor antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg, i. p.), sb269970a (a ... | 2006 | 17188742 |
| change in ucp1 mrna expression following long-term cold exposure under normal or high-fat diet regimes in the cold-intolerant mammal, suncus murinus. | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), or suncus, is a unique experimental mammal that is cold intolerant. however, even basic knowledge of brown adipose tissue (bat), which is important for non-shivering thermogenesis (nst), is minimal. therefore, we exposed suncus for 18 days to mild cold temperatures (8-14 degrees c) and/or a high-fat diet, which are factors that increase nst, and measured two mrnas that are critical for nst in bat, uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and type ii 5'-deiodinase (d2). ... | 2006 | 17090963 |
| modulation of emetic response by carotid baro- and chemoreceptor activations. | we hypothesized that baroreceptor or chemoreceptor activation might be involved in the emetic, and prodromal cardiovascular and respiratory responses. to test this hypothesis, we induced the emetic responses by gastric distension in anesthetized suncus murinus (house musk shrew), that had intact and absent baroreceptor and chemoreceptor afferents. secondly, we stimulated the aortic depressor nerve (adn) and the carotid sinus nerve (csn) with or without gastric distension. internal carotid artery ... | 2006 | 16490404 |
| changes in the renal morphology after calcitonin treatment in the house shrew, suncus murinus. | 2006 | 6677197 | |
| action of ondansetron and cp-99,994 on cisplatin-induced emesis and locomotor activity in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | species possessing the emetic reflex are useful for anti-emetic screening. assessing the potential of novel drugs to simultaneously reduce nausea and emesis in animals is problematic, however. in the present studies, therefore, the behavioural repertoire of suncus murinus in response to the emetic chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was studied in an attempt to characterize behaviours (including spontaneous locomotor activity) that may be relevant to nausea status. cisplatin at 30 mg/kg, intraperito ... | 2005 | 16286811 |
| emetic responses and neural activity in young musk shrews during the breast-feeding/weaning period: comparison between the high and low emetic response strains using a shaking stimulus. | the high emetic response (her) strain and low emetic response (ler) strain of musk shrews (suncus murinus) markedly differ in the emetic reflex in adults. however, there have been no studies on young musk shrews. we gave a shaking stimulus to young musk shrews aged 10 days or more that were obtained by mating within each strain and observed emetic responses. in the her strain, no animal aged 10 days vomited, but vomiting was observed in 1 of 5 animals each aged 12 and 14 days, 2 of 5 animals age ... | 2005 | 16093643 |
| the morphological and histological characters of the male external genitalia of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | external genitalia are the reproductive organs necessary for efficient copulation and internal fertilization in various mammalian species. their morphogeneses display significant morphological and developmental differences among species. the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (hereafter described as suncus) is a species of the order insectivora, which has been considered as primitive and one of the earliest eutheria phylogenetically. comparative anatomical analyses of phylogenetically different ma ... | 2005 | 15846055 |
| potential energetic implications of emesis in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | during the course of studies investigating novel anti-emetic therapies we serendipitously observed a previously unreported behaviour related to emesis in the house musk shrew. this behaviour consisted of spontaneous ingestion of vomit in about half of the animals (males and females) in which emesis was induced by either nicotine (4 mg kg-1 sc.) or horizontal motion (1 hz, 4 cm, 10 min). analysis of vomit samples and gastric contents revealed that in a "typical" individual the gastric contents wo ... | 2005 | 15811386 |
| effect of dl-6-(n-alpha-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxyindane maleate (pmhi) on the testis of the musk shrew suncus murinus l. | 2005 | 544447 | |
| surgical anatomy of the innervation of the major duodenal papilla in human and suncus murinus, from the perspective of preserving innervation in organ-saving procedures. | few studies have focused on the detailed surgical anatomy of the innervation of the major duodenal papillary region, especially in relation to duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (dpphr) and its modified procedures, which is crucial to preserving the innervation of the papillary region. the aim of this study is to clarify the neural distribution of the major duodenal papilla in humans. | 2005 | 15782096 |
| development and characterization of cats markers for genetic linkage mapping in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | to serve as an initial step in developing an ideal genetic marker map for the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, 318 comparative anchor tagged sequence (cats) primer pairs were assessed for polymorphism ascertainment and linkage mapping. of the 112 (35.2%) cats primer pairs that were successfully amplified by pcr in the shrew, 18 (16.1%) showed polymorphism between two mutant strains, ban-kc, oeb and wz. linkage analysis of the polymorphic cats markers and three visible mutant genes, kc, oeb and ... | 2005 | 15897627 |
| pica--a model of nausea? species differences in response to cisplatin. | rats lack the emetic reflex but exhibit pica in response to stimuli that induce emesis in species with an emetic reflex, hence it has been proposed that pica may be analogous to emesis in species lacking the reflex. in the present study, we investigated whether pica was present in suncus murinus (with an emetic reflex) as well as in rats and mice (without emetic reflex) to provide a further insight to the validity of pica as a model for nausea/vomiting. cisplatin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) induced pica in ... | 2005 | 15939445 |
| ondansetron and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol interfere with the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | considerable evidence suggests that rats can learn to avoid a taste in the absence of nausea. the current experiments evaluated the potential of the antiemetic agents, ondansetron (ond) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), to interfere with lithium chloride (licl)-induced taste avoidance in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, an insectivore that, unlike rats, is capable of vomiting. at a dose that did not modify saccharin (experiment 1) or sucrose (experiment 2) intake, ond prevented the es ... | 2005 | 16187826 |
| localization of aquaporin water channels in the airway of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) and the rat. | aquaporins (aqps) constitute a family of water channels that facilitate membrane water permeability in various tissues of animals. in this study, we compared the expression and localization of aqps in the respiratory system of the musk shrew (suncus murinus), which is an insectivore, and the rat by immunohistochemical methods. in both the musk shrew and the rat, aqp1 was expressed throughout the airway in endothelial cells of subepithelial blood vessels and in nasal submucosal fibroblasts. aqp3 ... | 2005 | 16276052 |
| antiemetic activity of fk1052, a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonist, in suncus murinus and ferrets. | we investigated the effect of fk1052 [(+)-8,9-dihydro-10-methyl-7-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]pyrido[1,2-a]indol-6(7h)-one hydrochloride], a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonist, on the emesis induced by motion stimuli, copper sulfate, or cisplatin in either suncus murinus or ferrets and also clarified the role of the 5-ht3 and 5-ht4 receptors in these models. in suncus murinus, oral administration of fk1052 (100 microg/kg) completely prevented emesis induced by cisplatin (18 mg/kg, i.p.) ... | 2005 | 16079468 |
| evaluation of the anti-emetic potential of anti-migraine drugs to prevent resiniferatoxin-induced emesis in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | activation of vanilloid receptors has commonly been used to facilitate neurogenic inflammation and plasma exudation to model components of the pathogenesis of migraine; however, these studies have been performed mainly in species lacking the emetic reflex. in the present studies, therefore, we used suncus murinus, a species of insectivore capable of emesis, to investigate if the vanilloid receptor agonist resiniferatoxin is capable of modeling the emesis associated with migraine. resiniferatoxin ... | 2005 | 15680276 |
| a comparative analysis of the potential of cannabinoids and ondansetron to suppress cisplatin-induced emesis in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the 5-ht3 antagonist, ondansetron (ond), and the cannabinoid, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-thc), have been shown to interfere with emesis; however, their relative and/or combined effectiveness in suppressing vomiting produced by the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, is unknown. | 2004 | 14740147 |
| effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | marijuana has been reported to interfere with nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. the principal cannabinoids found in marijuana include the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and the non-psychoactive compound cannabidiol (cbd). the experiments reported here evaluated the potential of thc and cbd to interfere with vomiting in the suncus murinus (house musk shrew) produced by lithium chloride (licl), which is the most commonly employed unconditioned stimulus for tas ... | 2004 | 13680081 |
| outbreak investigation of scrub typhus in himachal pradesh (india). | scrub typhus outbreak investigation was undertaken during september 2003 in the three worst affected districts shimla, solan and sirmaur in himachal pradesh (india). a total of 113 cases and 19 deaths (17.27 percent case fatality rate) were reported from the eight districts, which were reporting cases. cases were prevalent in all age groups and in both the sexes among the persons frequenting forest for occupational work. 35.7 percent of the patients serum samples showed a titer of > 1: 80 agains ... | 2004 | 16506551 |
| cellular localization of endocrine cells in the adult pancreas of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus: a comparative immunocytochemical study. | the right and left lobes of the pancreas in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, were found to be completely separated. a morphologic study of the pancreas in s. murinus in terms of the blood supplies and innervation of the right and left lobes was performed in our previous study. it revealed clearly different blood supply and innervation patterns in the right and left lobes, suggesting that the right lobe of the pancreas corresponded to the ventral pancreas, and the left lobe related to the do ... | 2004 | 15028519 |
| new genomospecies related to borrelia valaisiana, isolated from mammals in okinawa archipelago, japan. | in 2000 and 2001, a survey was conducted of borrelia isolated from various mammals in the southernmost islands of japan, including okinawa (main island), izena, iriomote and ishigaki. isolates obtained from the ear tissues of suncus murinus (10 isolates), mus calori (four isolates), rattus norvegicus (one isolate) and crocidura watasei (one isolate), were characterized by rflp of the 5s-23s rdna intergenic spacer and sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer, 16s rdna and flagellin gene. while ... | 2004 | 15096552 |
| differential activity of drugs to induce emesis and pica behavior in suncus murinus (house musk shrew) and rats. | we have previously reported that emetic stimuli induce kaolin ingestion behavior (pica behavior) in rats and mice (i.e., species that do not have the emetic reflex) and that the behavior may be analogous to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea and emesis. we hypothesized that pica behavior may also occur in species capable of vomiting and that it may serve as an additional index of discomfort relevant to antiemetic drug development. the present experiments were conduced using suncus murin ... | 2004 | 15501502 |
| [unique structure of the esophago-gastric junction of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus)]. | the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) belongs to the order insectivora, and has been used for the research in comparative anatomy as one of the most primitive placental mammals. another feature of this shrew is its ability to easily vomit which mimics the human emesis or motion sickness response. the house musk shrew has thus been utilized as a rare small experimental animal for studies on the neurophysiological mechanism of vomiting. however, there is no report investigating the morphological b ... | 2004 | 15678992 |
| fine structure of the anal tonsilliar epithelium in the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). | the epithelium of the anal tonsil of the laboratory shrew was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with particular attention focused on the structure of the epithelium lining the anal tonsillar crypt. the tonsillar crypt surface is lined by two kinds of epithelia: squamous epithelium, which is located mainly at the neck of the crypt and includes keratohyalin granules in the superficial layer, and reticular epithelium, which is invaded by many immigrating cells and has severa ... | 2004 | 15248562 |
| copulatory behavior and fertility of male house musk shrews (suncus murinus) paired with one, two and four females each. | in order to improve the productivity of house musk shrews, we investigated whether a male could impregnate more than one female within 24 h. eighteen males and 40 females aged one year were used in this experiment. the mating systems were as follows: one male was paired with one female, one male was paired with two females, and one male was paired with four females. in the fertility rate, six out of 6, 4 of 12 and 4 of 20 females became pregnant and gave birth under three systems, respectively. ... | 2004 | 14993742 |
| the musk shrew (suncus murinus): a model species for studies of nutritional regulation of reproduction. | 2004 | 14752205 | |
| inter-male mating-like behavior in the domesticated house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | in the present study, inter-male interaction of the domesticated house musk shrew was observed in detail under laboratory conditions. in most cases, during inter-male interaction, male house musk shrews exhibited a sequence of behavior items including tail-wagging, following, mounting and thrusting. in the minority of cases, males did not progress beyond following. offensive behavior was not sufficiently violent to cause injury. it appeared that role assignment was decided by contact manner and ... | 2004 | 14745103 |
| emetic action of the prostanoid tp receptor agonist, u46619, in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the emetic action of the prostanoid tp receptor agonist, 11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano-15s-hydroxyprosta-5z,13e-dienoic acid (u46619; 300 microg/kg, i.p.), was investigated in suncus murinus. the emetic response was reduced by 76% following bilateral abdominal vagotomy (p<0.001) and by reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p., 24 h pretreatment; p<0.05) but u46619 administered i.c.v. (30-300 ng) was not emetic, suggesting a peripheral mechanism involving monoamines. however, fenfluramine (5 mg/kg, repeated treatm ... | 2003 | 14660035 |
| action of prostanoids on the emetic reflex of suncus murinus (the house musk shrew). | several prostanoids were investigated for a potential to induce emesis in suncus murinus. the tp receptor agonist 11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano-15s-hydroxyprosta-5z,13e-dienoic acid (u46619) induced emesis at doses as low as 3 microg/kg, i.p. but the dp receptor agonist 5-(6-carboxyhexyl)-1-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) hydantoin (bw245c) was approximately 1000 times less potent. the emetic action of u46619 (300 microg/kg, i.p.) was antagonized significantly by the tp receptor antagonist, vapipro ... | 2003 | 14522363 |
| effects of fusel oil on animal hangover models. | fusel oil has been reported to have undesirable side effects such as hangover. however, the relationship between fusel oil and hangover has been investigated insufficiently. in this study, we investigated the effects of fusel oil and their ingredients contained in alcoholic beverages by using animal hangover models. | 2003 | 12960505 |
| induction of fos protein in neurons in the medulla oblongata after motion- and x-irradiation-induced emesis in musk shrews (suncus murinus). | to clarify the anatomical location of medullary neurons associated with vomiting, the musk shrew (suncus murinus), a small animal used as a model for emesis, was exposed to various emetic stimuli and patterns of neuronal excitation were investigated by fos immunohistochemistry. in motion experiments, musk shrews were shaken for 30 min on a tabletop shaker (displacement=25 mm and frequency=1.2 hz). ten of fifteen animals vomited frequently (mo-fv group); the other five animals did not vomit (mo-n ... | 2003 | 12927221 |
| action of 5-ht3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone to modify cisplatin-induced emesis in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | ondansetron (1-3 mg/kg), granisetron (0.3-1 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.3-1 mg/kg), administered at 12-h intervals, were investigated for their potential to prevent cisplatin (30 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced emesis during a 72-h observation period. ondansetron appeared more active than granisetron to antagonise the emetic response occurring in the first 4-h (p<0.05) period, but none of the regimens significantly antagonised emesis during the 0-24- and 24-72-h periods (p>0.05). however, ondansetron was m ... | 2003 | 12860482 |
| surveillance of scrub typhus in the fringe areas around pune : potential for transmission does exist. | a field based epidemiological study was undertaken to assess the potential of transmission of scrub typhus in the sylvatic and transitional (fringe) areas at ten different locations around pune. parameters studied included rodent trapping and identification, entomological parameters, immunological studies on rodent sera, and rodent organ impression smears. the study revealed that rattus r rufescence, rattus meltada, suncus murinus and rattus blanfordi were the predominant sylvatic rodent species ... | 2003 | 27407483 |
| possible involvement of peripheral serotonin 5-ht3 receptors in fluvoxamine-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, as well as serotonin (5-ht), induced vomiting in suncus murinus (a house musk shrew). fluvoxamine- and fluoxetine-induced vomiting gradually decreased with their repeated administration. vomiting induced by serotonin also decreased with repeated treatment with serotonin. in these shrews, fluvoxamine-induced vomiting was partially inhibited. fluvoxamine might induce vomiting, at least partially, by indirectly activating periphera ... | 2003 | 12631420 |
| mating-induced cumulus-oocyte maturation in the shrew, suncus murinus. | the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is an induced ovulator, the cumulus oophorus of which is unusual in several respects: it has no matrix, it always induces the acrosome reaction and it appears to be essential for fertilization. the present study documents distinctive features of the cumulus oophorus before and after ovulation, and of copulation-induced maturation of the ovulatory follicle, which has no antrum. in unmated females, potentially responsive ovarian follicles are distinguishable from la ... | 2003 | 14748701 |
| the endotheliochorial interhemal membrane of the indian musk shrew, suncus murinus: an ultrastructural study. | even though the chorioallantoic placenta of suncus has been previously investigated with light and electron microscopy, controversies related to its structure still remain. to resolve these, suncus murinus placentae from several (early and late limb bud, advanced pregnancy, and full term) were examined by electron microscopy. the interhemal membrane of suncus comprises a maternal endothelium with basal lamina, syncytial trophoblast with its basal lamina, fetal mesenchyme, and fetal capillary end ... | 2003 | 9719774 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in urban and rural areas in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | 2003 | 12678151 |
| blood vascular architecture of the palatine tonsil in the musk shrew (suncus murinus): scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. | the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is one of the primitive mammals and has a pair of palatine tonsils. in the present study, we investigated the blood microvascular architecture of the tonsil in this animal by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. the paranodular arterioles entered the lymph nodule to form a coarse capillary plexus within the nodule. some of the arterioles reached the dome region to give rise to a fine meshwork of dome subepithelial capillaries. this dome subepithelial c ... | 2003 | 12680471 |
| development of a recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its applications in field surveillance of rodent mice for presence of immunoglobulin g against orientia tsutsugamushi. | a recombinant protein containing the immunodominant conserved epitope region of the 56-kda outer membrane protein of the karp strain of orientia tsutsugamushi was purified to near homogeneity using recombinant dna techniques. the purified protein was used to immunize rabbits and produced an antibody that could recognize different strains of o. tsutsugamushi, as demonstrated both by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on this recombina ... | 2003 | 12738648 |
| anatomical study of the pancreas in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), with special reference to the blood supply and innervation. | to examine the macroscopic structure, blood supply, and innervation of the pancreas in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), we performed gross anatomical dissection and whole-mount immunostaining of the autonomic nerve of suncus pancreases based on neurofilament protein (nfp) immunoreactivity. the adult suncus pancreas is clearly separated into right and left lobes that are not fused. the right lobe of the suncus pancreas is located in the dorsum of the duodenum and to the right of the common ... | 2003 | 12808647 |
| analysis of pancreatic polypeptide cdna from the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, suggests a phylogenetically closer relationship with humans than for other small laboratory animal species. | pancreatic polypeptide was isolated and sequenced from endocrine cells of the pancreas from an insectivore, the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. the primary sequence was aplepaypgd(10)natpeqmaqy(20)aaelrkyinm(30)vtrpryamide. this is the first polypeptide hormone to be characterised from this species and is typical of the primary sequences of pancreatic polypeptide of other animals, being a c-terminal-amidated peptide with 36 residues. comparison with several vertebrate sequences shows that it h ... | 2003 | 12832102 |
| surveillance of commensal rat and shrew populations in the bangkok area with references to flea index as the risk indicator of plague. | commensal rats and shrews were trapped from 47 fresh food markets in bangkok during the two study periods in the same markets: 21st june to 28th december 1999 and 1st march to 31st may 2000. trapping was performed using wire live traps on three consecutive nights in each period. the trapped animals were identified for taxonomic species and flea infestation. fleas were collected, identified and counted. four species of rodents: rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus, rattus exulans and mus musculus, an ... | 2003 | 14649963 |
| an evolutionarily conserved form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone coordinates energy and reproductive behavior. | gnrh is the master neuropeptide that coordinates and regulates reproduction in all vertebrates and in some nonvertebrate species. sixteen forms of gnrh have been isolated in brain. in the vast majority of species, two or more forms occur in anatomically and developmental distinct neuronal populations. in mammalian brain, two gnrh forms, mammalian (gnrh-i) and chicken-ii (gnrh-ii), exist. the distribution and functions of gnrh-i have been well characterized and intensively studied. however, the f ... | 2003 | 12488325 |
| induction of emetic response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), seb, sec2, sed, see, seg, seh, and sei in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were investigated. sea, see, and sei showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other ses. seb, sec2, sed, seg, and seh also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. the house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by ses. | 2003 | 12496213 |
| behavior of sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew. | the behavior of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew, suncus murinus, shows some interesting features. both x- and y-chromosomes are large and biarmed and have huge segments of c-band material in noncentromeric areas. a distinct chiasma is formed between the short arms of the x and y chromosomes and the heterochromatic regions in the bivalents show desynapsis in the form of a bulge. | 2003 | 6715866 |
| cream, a new coat-color mutant in the musk shrew. | a coat-color mutant was found in the wild musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora). five musk shrews with gray pelage, the common coat color of this species, were captured in the village of tambum near jakarta, indonesia. two males and two females were transported to japan and mated. matings between one male and two females segregated several cream-colored offspring, a color that had never been seen before in this species. from the pedigree record and data on mating experiments, it was confirmed ... | 2003 | 6715865 |
| comparison of expression patterns of fibroblast growth factor 8, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and sonic hedgehog in jaw development of the house shrew, suncus murinus. | to elucidate the mechanism underlying jaw development in mammals, we used a new laboratory animal, suncus murinus (house shrew, an insectivore) as the subject for the investigation, because suncus has all types of teeth (incisor, canine, premolar and molar) in its upper and lower jaws and is thought to be a good model animal having a general mammalian tooth pattern. at the start, by use of degenerate primers we cloned suncus homologues of fibroblast growth factor 8 (sfgf8), bone morphogenetic pr ... | 2002 | 12643446 |
| amphetamine and morphine produce a conditioned taste and place preference in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | rats have been shown to avoid consuming a flavor, but prefer a location, previously paired with amphetamine or morphine. a series of 4 experiments evaluated the hedonic properties of amphetamine and morphine in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus), an insectivore that (unlike rats) is capable of vomiting when exposed to toxins. unlike rats, amphetamine (20 mg/kg) and morphine (20 mg/kg) produced both a conditioned sucrose (0.3 m) and saccharin (0.1%) preference in shrews (administered intraperi ... | 2002 | 11868236 |
| type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora: soricidae): cloning and characterization of complementary dna, unique tissue distribution and regulation by t(3). | the house musk shrew suncus murinus (insectivora: soricidae) has been reported as having low thyroxine to 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (t(3)) converting activity in liver and kidney homogenates and was assumed to be type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (d1)-deficient. to study whether this is due to structural abnormality of shrew d1, we cloned the cdna and characterized the enzyme. the deduced amino acid sequence of shrew d1 was found to be highly homologous to other known d1s and the enzyme itself to hav ... | 2002 | 12161201 |
| effects of testosterone on neuromuscular transmission in rat isolated urinary bladder. | testosterone was examined for its effects on neuromuscular transmission in rat and shrew urinary bladder. in isolated preparations of detrusor muscle from sexually immature male rats (8-10 weeks old) at concentrations of 100-300 microm, it inhibited neuromuscular transmission in a concentration-dependent manner and it also inhibited responses to applied carbachol and diadenosine pentaphosphate (ap(5)a, a p2x receptor agonist). ethanol (at or above 38 mm), the solvent for testosterone, also cause ... | 2002 | 12167473 |
| positional relationships between the masticatory muscles and their innervating nerves with special reference to the masseter and zygomaticomandibularis in suncus murinus. | in the present study, we investigated the structure and nerve innervation of the masseter, temporalis and zygomaticomandibularis of suncus murinus which has no zygomatic arch. detailed dissection of eight head halves of four s. murinus was performed. in s. murinus, small muscle bundle was observed to be adjoined with the lateral surface of the temporalis. this muscle bundle was completely separated from the masseter. based on the positional relationships between the muscle bundle and supplying n ... | 2002 | 12199532 |
| evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis e have been reported recently in the united states and other industrialized countries. the source of hev infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. antibodies to hev have been detected in many animals in areas where hev is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the united states. there is evidence supporting h ... | 2002 | 12454141 |
| an arterially perfused decerebrate preparation of suncus murinus (house musk shrew) for the study of emesis and swallowing. | arterially perfused, decerebrate preparations of the insectivore, suncus murinus were made to determine whether the emetic reflex could be activated in such a preparation using a range of stimuli shown to be emetic in conscious or anaesthetised suncus. efferent phrenic and vagus nerve activities and electromyograms (emgs) from the temporalis, abdominal oesophagus and trapezius muscles were recorded, as well as longitudinal shortening of the oesophagus and dorso-ventral movements of the thorax. t ... | 2002 | 12481931 |
| role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in suncus murinus. | to clarify the role of the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular and emetic responses, we studied the influence of drugs that act on autonomic nervous function on emetic and cardiovascular responses induced by chemical or mechanical stimulation to the stomach in two strains of suncus murinus, jic:sun-her and jic:sun-ler. latency to the first retching in jic:sun-her was significantly shorter than that in jic:sun-ler to both mechanical and chemical stimulation. this result indicated that ther ... | 2002 | 12422958 |
| the effect of serotonin and serotonin receptor antagonists on motion sickness in suncus murinus. | in the present study, we investigated the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) and 5-ht receptor agonists and antagonists on motion sickness in suncus murinus, and the possibility that the emetic stimulus of 5-ht can alter the sensitivity of the animals to the different emetic stimulus of motion sickness. 5-ht (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg ip) induced emesis and that was antagonised by methysergide (1.0 mg/kg ip), the 5-ht(4) receptor antagonist sulphamate[1-[2-[(methylsulphonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-pi ... | 2002 | 12213545 |
| the force driving mating behavior in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the mating behavior of the domesticated house musk shrew was observed in detail under laboratory conditions. the observations revealed that the house musk shrew has a series of behaviors before copulation. tactile, auditory and chemical senses appear to function as flags for the recognition of conspecifics and to promote the development of an interaction between the sexes. the tactile senses and the use of the snout were particularly important in the mating sequence, and mutual contact appeared ... | 2002 | 12193801 |
| vasopressin induces emesis in suncus murinus. | this paper reports that vasopressin is emetogenic in the house musk shrew suncus murinus. either intravenous or intracerebroventricular administration of vasopressin caused vomiting within a few minutes. the ed50 of intravenous vasopressin was as high as 4.67 microg/kg, whereas intracerebroventricularly injected vasopressin was effective at a low dose of 20 ng/brain. the emetogenic target of vasopressin may therefore be present in the central nervous system. we propose the suncus as a useful ani ... | 2002 | 12184741 |
| structure of the palate and pharynx in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | anatomical features of the palates and pharynges in suncus murinus were examined through a dissecting microscope. the palatopharyngei (pp) on both sides join at the caudal, median line of the palatine velum and converge in an area immediately caudal to a mucosal notch, the pharyngeal torus before radiating into the dorsal wall of the esophagus. some muscle bundles of the pp are attached to the veli palatini cartilage. the nasopharyngeal cartilage is situated rostral to curved mucosal plicae of t ... | 2002 | 12169826 |
| origin and migration of interneurons of the olfactory bulb in the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the olfactory bulb of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, is characterized by the presence of various interneurons. our previous report (kakuta et al., 2001) demonstrated that positive immunoreactions for calretinin were observed in periglomerular and perinidal cells in the glomerular layer, small ovoid neurons in the external plexiform layer, and granule cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb in the musk shrew aged 1 to 5 weeks, in addition to calretinin-immunoreactive bipolar cells ... | 2002 | 12164339 |
| three-dimensional distribution patterns of prl, gh and acth cells in the house musk shrew ( suncus murinus). | despite a multitude of reports on the classification and distribution of anterior pituitary cells, no previous study has attempted to obtain the three-dimensional (3d) and computer-graphic distribution pattern of each cell type in the whole pituitary. therefore, we mapped the anterior pituitary cells of the house musk shrew ( suncus murinus) and found a distinct cellular distribution pattern. serial horizontal sections of whole shrew pituitaries were stained immunohistochemically for prolactin ( ... | 2002 | 12021918 |
| developmental study of the anal tonsil in the laboratory shrew, suncus murinus. | the laboratory shrew, suncus murinus, which lacks such gut associated lymph organs as the appendix and peyer's plates, was recently demonstrated (kubo and isomura, 1996) to possess a pair of anal tonsils at the end of its rectum. the present paper deals with the development of this lymphoid organ as observed by light and electron microscopy. the anal tonsil was characterized by the initial postnatal development. on neonatal day 1, a pair of epithelial crypts formed at the dorsal boundary between ... | 2002 | 12002615 |
| diurnal fluctuations of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | diurnal fluctuations of heart rate (hr), body temperature (bt) and locomotor activity (la) in the unanaesthetized and unrestrained house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were studied using a telemetry system. six adult male shrews (jic:sun) weighing 60-70 g were used in the present study. they were housed under conditions of 24 c and a 12/12-hr light-dark cycle. hr, bt and la were recorded over 10 days, following the post-implantation period (10 days or more) of the telemetric transmitter. a clear no ... | 2002 | 11871153 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of c-fos protein in neurons of the medulla oblongata of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) after veratrine administration. | we subcutaneously injected 0.5 mg/kg veratrine into the musk shrew (suncus murinus), observed the presence or absence, latency, and the incidence of vomiting in each animal for 90 min, and selected animals that frequently vomited (fv group) and those that did not vomit (nv group). subsequently, animal brains were removed, and the induction of c-fos protein (fos) was immunohistochemically examined to evaluate neuronal activity in the medulla oblongata. the distribution of fos-positive neurons in ... | 2002 | 11871148 |
| mating behavior is controlled by acute changes in metabolic fuels. | mild food restriction for 48 h inhibits mating behavior in female musk shrews (suncus murinus). however, mating behavior is restored after a 90-min feeding bout. in this series of experiments, we examined the role of metabolic fuels in this behavioral restoration. first, drugs reported to block glycolysis or fatty acid oxidation were given 2 h before mating. both treatments inhibited mating in food-restricted females that were refed after treatment. blood glucose levels were assessed in females ... | 2002 | 11832399 |
| role of autonomic nervous system for development and suppression of motion sickness in suncus murinus. | to clarify the role of autonomic nervous function in motion sickness, the effect of agents that act on the autonomic nervous system on the motion stimuli-induced emesis was studied in two strains of suncus murinus (jic:sun-her and jic:sun-ler) with congenitally different sensitivity to veratrine sulfate. we demonstrated significant differences between the two strains in sensitivity to motion stimuli. isoproterenol (2.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) significantly prolonged the latency to the first emetic epis ... | 2001 | 11775707 |
| diabetic cataract of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) exhibiting spontaneous non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). | the eds colony, developed as a new laboratory colony of the musk shrew, is characterized by a high incidence of early-onset spontaneous non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). in this colony, a few diabetic shrews exhibited a cataract at 1 month after the onset of diabetes, and all diabetic shrews had bilateral cataracts at 5 months after the onset of diabetes. in contrast, cataractous animals were never observed among non-diabetic shrews. these results suggest that the cataract in the ... | 2001 | 11769547 |
| opioid receptor involvement in the adaptation to motion sickness in suncus murinus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate an opioid receptor involvement in the adaptation response to motion sickness in suncus murinus. different groups of animals were treated intraperitoneally with either saline, morphine (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg), naloxone (1.0, 10.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) or a combination of naloxone plus morphine in the absence or 30 min prior to a horizontal motion stimulus of 1 hz and 40 mm amplitude. for the study of adaptation, different groups received saline on the first tr ... | 2001 | 11526974 |
| effects of acetylcholine and gaba on neurons in the area postrema of suncus murinus brainstem slices. | slices (400 microm) containing the area postrema were prepared from three japanese house musk shrews. data reported are from 16 representative units. units fell into one of three separate groups with spontaneous firing rates of 36-41/s, 16-18/sec. and 6-8/sec., possibly reflecting different set points of an endogenous pacemaker. most neurons did not respond to ionophoresis of gaba or ach. in those that did, ach briefly increased spike frequency in a dose-dependent manner. the firing pattern sugg ... | 2001 | 11502349 |