Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular detection of leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus atxakriabá indigenous reserve, brazil. | autochthonous cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) have been reported since 2001 in the xakriabá indigenous reserve located in the municipality of são joão das missões in northern minas gerais state, brazil. in order to study the presence of leishmania dna in phlebotomine sand flies, six entomological collections were carried out from july 2008 through july 2009, using 40 light traps placed in peridomicile areas of 20 randomly selected houses. from october 2011 through august 2012, an ... | 2015 | 25853254 |
| an integrated approach using spatial analysis to study the risk factors for leishmaniasis in area of recent transmission. | some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of formiga, brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. the most captured species included lutzomyia longipalpis (35.3%), lutzomyia cortelezzii (33.5%), and lutzomyia whitmani (18.3%). a significant correlation bet ... | 2015 | 26229961 |
| phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmania infection in the vicinity of the serra do cipó national park, a natural brazilian heritage site. | in the new world, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of leishmania-infected lutzomyia (diptera: psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in brazil--the american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) and the american visceral leishmaniasis (avl). the present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized brazilian municipality (jaboticatubas), in which three cases of avl and n ... | 2015 | 25793193 |
| identification of phlebotomine sand fly blood meals by real-time pcr. | phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects of great medical and veterinary significance acting as vectors of leishmania parasites. studying the blood-feeding pattern of these insects may help in the understanding of their interactions with potential reservoir hosts of leishmania parasites. in this study, we developed real time pcr assays for the identification of sand fly blood meal. | 2015 | 25889289 |
| trypanosomes modify the behavior of their insect hosts: effects on locomotion and on the expression of a related gene. | as a result of evolution, the biology of triatomines must have been significantly adapted to accommodate trypanosome infection in a complex network of vector-vertebrate-parasite interactions. arthropod-borne parasites have probably developed mechanisms, largely still unknown, to exploit the vector-vertebrate host interactions to ensure their transmission to suitable hosts. triatomines exhibit a strong negative phototaxis and nocturnal activity, believed to be important for insect survival agains ... | 2015 | 26291723 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control. | since the description of lutzomyia longipalpis by lutz and neiva more than 100 years ago, much has been written in the scientific literature about this phlebotomine species. soares and turco (2003) and lainson and rangel (2005) have written extensive reviews focused on vector-host-parasite interactions and american visceral leishmaniasis ecology. however, during the last two decades, the success of lu. longipalpis in colonising urban environments and its simultaneous geographical spreading have ... | 2015 | 26517497 |
| attraction of the sand fly nyssomyia neivai (diptera: psychodidae) to chemical compounds in a wind tunnel. | similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. a large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. in a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of american visceral leishmania ... | 2015 | 25889391 |
| the past, present, and future of leishmania genomics and transcriptomics. | it has been nearly 10 years since the completion of the first entire genome sequence of a leishmania parasite. genomic and transcriptomic analyses have advanced our understanding of the biology of leishmania, and shed new light on the complex interactions occurring within the parasite-host-vector triangle. here, we review these advances and examine potential avenues for translation of these discoveries into treatment and control programs. in addition, we argue for a strong need to explore how di ... | 2015 | 25638444 |
| interleukin 10-dominant immune response and increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis after natural exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand flies. | leishmaniasis is caused by parasites transmitted to the vertebrate host by infected sand flies. during transmission, the vertebrate host is also inoculated with sand fly saliva, which exerts powerful immunomodulatory effects on the host's immune response. | 2015 | 25596303 |
| attraction and oviposition preferences of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae), vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis, to larval rearing media. | as part of a project aimed at developing oviposition attractants for the control and surveillance of phlebotomus papatasi (a vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis), we tested the hypothesis that gravid sand flies are attracted to chemical cues emanating from the growth medium of conspecific larvae - predominantly larvae-conditioned host feces that represents a suitable oviposition site. we report the results of a systematic assessment of media from various developmental stages of the sand ... | 2015 | 26714743 |
| molecular cloning and functional studies of two kazal-type serine protease inhibitors specifically expressed by nasonia vitripennis venom apparatus. | two cdna sequences of kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (kspis) in nasonia vitripennis, nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2, were characterized and their open reading frames (orfs) were 198 and 264 bp, respectively. both nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 contained a typical kazal-type domain. real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) results revealed that nvkspi-1 and nvkspi-2 mrnas were mostly detected specifically in the venom apparatus, while they were expressed at lower levels in the ovary and much lower levels in oth ... | 2015 | 26248077 |
| assessing insecticide susceptibility of laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | chemical insecticides are effective for controlling lutzomyia and phlebotomus sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) vectors of leishmania parasites. however, repeated use of certain insecticides has led to tolerance and resistance. the objective of this study was to determine lethal concentrations (lcs) and lethal exposure times (lts) to assess levels of susceptibility of laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and nieva) and phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) to 10 insecticides using a modified version of ... | 2015 | 26336231 |
| seasonal and physiological variations of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in central iran. | sand fly saliva helps parasite establishment and induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the modulation of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigen expression by seasonal and biological factors. | 2015 | 27047970 |
| phlebotomus papatasi sp15: mrna expression variability and amino acid sequence polymorphisms of field populations. | the phlebotomus papatasi salivary protein ppsp15 was shown to protect mice against leishmania major, suggesting that incorporation of salivary molecules in multi-component vaccines may be a viable strategy for anti-leishmania vaccines. | 2015 | 26022221 |
| an overview on leishmania vaccines: a narrative review article. | leishmaniasis is one of the major health problems and categorized as a class i disease (emerging and uncontrolled) by world health organization (who), causing highly significant morbidity and mortality. indeed, more than 350 million individuals are at risk of leishmania infection, and about 1.6 million new cases occur causing more than 50 thousands death annually. because of the severe toxicity and drug resistance, present chemotherapy regimen against diverse forms of leishmania infections is no ... | 2015 | 25992245 |
| small rnas derived from trnas and rrnas are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal rna packaging. | leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. in other eukaryotes, exosomes were found to carry rna cargo, such as mrnas and small non-coding rnas, capable of altering recipient cell phenotype. whether leishmania exosomes also contain rnas which they are able to deliver to bystander cells is not known. here, we show that leishmania exosomes indeed contain r ... | 2015 | 25764986 |
| effect of leishmania spp infection on the survival, life expectancy, fecundity and fertility of lutzomyia longipalpiss.l. and lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis. | we evaluated the effects of leishmaniaspp infection on several population parameters of lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato andlutzomyia pseudolongipalpis, vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in venezuela, under experimental conditions during the first post-feeding period. females of both species were allowed to feed and engorge on a suspension of fresh washed human red blood cells in foetal calf serum. these blood cells were either non-infected or infected with one of the fourleishmaniaspp strains a ... | 2015 | 26132427 |
| nucleosides present on phlebotomine saliva induce immunossuppression and promote the infection establishment. | sand fly saliva plays a crucial role in establishing leishmania infection. we identified adenosine (ado) and adenosine monophosphate (amp) as active pharmacologic compounds present in phlebotomus papatasi saliva that inhibit dendritic cell (dc) functions through a pge2/il 10-dependent mechanism. | 2015 | 25849562 |
| recent advances in phlebotomine sand fly research related to leishmaniasis control. | phlebotomine sand flies are the subject of much research because of the role of their females as the only proven natural vectors of leishmania species, the parasitic protozoans that are the causative agents of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. activity in this field was highlighted by the eighth international symposium on phlebotomine sand flies (isops) held in september 2014, which prompted this review focusing on vector control. topics reviewed include: taxonomy and phylogenetics, ... | 2015 | 25885217 |
| genetic structuring and fixed polymorphisms in the gene period among natural populations of lutzomyia longipalpis in brazil. | even one hundred years after being originally identified, aspects of the taxonomy of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector of leishmania infantum in the americas, remain unresolved for brazilian populations of this vector. the diversity of morphological, behavioral, biochemical, and ethological characters, as well as the genetic variability detected by molecular markers are indicative of the presence of a complex of species. | 2015 | 25889567 |
| genetically modifying the insect gut microbiota to control chagas disease vectors through systemic rnai. | technologies based on rna interference may be used for insect control. sustainable strategies are needed to control vectors of chagas disease such as rhodnius prolixus. the insect microbiota can be modified to deliver molecules to the gut. here, escherichia coli ht115(de3) expressing dsrna for the rhodnius heme-binding protein (rhbp) and for catalase (cat) were fed to nymphs and adult triatomine stages. rhbp is an egg protein and cat is an antioxidant enzyme expressed in all tissues by all devel ... | 2015 | 25675102 |
| phenotypic differentiation in love song traits among sibling species of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex in brazil. | brazilian populations of lutzomyia longipalpis may constitute a complex of cryptic species, and this report investigates the distribution and number of potential sibling species. one of the main differences observed among brazilian populations is the type of acoustic signal produced by males during copulation. these copulation song differences seem to be evolving faster than neutral molecular markers and have been suggested to contribute to insemination failure observed in crosses between these ... | 2015 | 26017472 |
| oviposition in the blood-sucking insect rhodnius prolixus is modulated by host odors. | triatomine bugs are blood-sucking insects, vectors of chagas disease. despite their importance, their oviposition behavior has received relatively little attention. some triatomines including rhodnius prolixus stick their eggs to a substrate. it is known that mechanical cues stimulate oviposition in this species. however, it is not clear if chemical signals play a role in this behavior. we studied the role of host cues, including host odor, in the oviposition behavior of the triatomine r. prolix ... | 2015 | 25956818 |
| knowledge of the population about visceral leishmaniasis transmission in endemic areas near the banks of the mossoró river in northeastern brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an anthropozoonosis with high prevalence and incidence in the northeastern region of brazil. this study aimed to determine whether people living near the mossoró river in the city of mossoró, rio grande do norte, have knowledge of vl and to characterize the environmental properties of this region. questionnaires were administered to 478 residents in three neighborhoods near the mossoró river, addressing the population's knowledge about vl and environmental characte ... | 2015 | 25809514 |
| distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis chemotype populations in são paulo state, brazil. | american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is an emerging disease in the state of são paulo, brazil. its geographical expansion and the increase in the number of human cases has been linked to dispersion of lutzomyia longipalpis into urban areas. to produce more accurate risk maps we investigated the geographic distribution and routes of expansion of the disease as well as chemotype populations of the vector. | 2015 | 25781320 |
| scanning and three-dimensional electron microscopy methods for the study of trypanosoma brucei and leishmania mexicana flagella. | three-dimensional electron microscopy tools have revolutionized our understanding of cell structure and molecular complexes in biology. here, we describe methods for studying flagellar ultrastructure and biogenesis in two unicellular parasites-trypanosoma brucei and leishmania mexicana. we describe methods for the preparation of these parasites for scanning electron microscopy cellular electron tomography, and serial block face scanning electron microscopy (sbfsem). these parasites have a highly ... | 2015 | 25837406 |
| epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients: experience from thirty cases. | visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan leishmania sp. and is transmitted by lutzomyia longipalpis (sand fly). in renal transplant recipients, visceral leishmaniasis causes severe damage to the liver, spleen, and hematopoietic system, as well as poor outcomes for patients with transplanted kidneys. this study describes the largest series of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients, providing important information about the diagnostic routines and therape ... | 2015 | 25877483 |
| vaccination with leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal p0 but not with nucleosomal histones proteins controls leishmania infantum infection in hamsters. | several intracellular leishmania antigens have been identified in order to find a potential vaccine capable of conferring long lasting protection against leishmania infection. histones and acid ribosomal proteins are already known to induce an effective immune response and have successfully been tested in the cutaneous leishmaniasis mouse model. here, we investigate the protective ability of l. infantum nucleosomal histones (his) and ribosomal acidic protein p0 (lip0) against l. infantum infecti ... | 2015 | 25642946 |
| leishmania (l.) mexicana infected bats in mexico: novel potential reservoirs. | leishmania (leishmania) mexicana causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, an endemic zoonosis affecting a growing number of patients in the southeastern states of mexico. some foci are found in shade-grown cocoa and coffee plantations, or near perennial forests that provide rich breeding grounds for the sand fly vectors, but also harbor a variety of bat species that live off the abundant fruits provided by these shade-giving trees. the close proximity between sand flies and bats makes their interaction f ... | 2015 | 25629729 |
| multi-antigen print immunoassay (mapia)-based evaluation of novel recombinant leishmania infantum antigens for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | domestic dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of leishmania infantum in regions where visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic. although serologic methods are frequently used for the screening of infected dogs, antibody-based tests require further assessment, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. in this study, we employed a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (mapia) to compare the antibody responses to novel recombinant proteins of l. infantum with the potential for the detection of canin ... | 2015 | 25616448 |
| phytomonas: trypanosomatids adapted to plant environments. | over 100 years after trypanosomatids were first discovered in plant tissues, phytomonas parasites have now been isolated across the globe from members of 24 different plant families. most identified species have not been associated with any plant pathology and to date only two species are definitively known to cause plant disease. these diseases (wilt of palm and coffee phloem necrosis) are problematic in areas of south america where they threaten the economies of developing countries. in contra ... | 2015 | 25607944 |
| leishmania enriettii: biochemical characterisation of lipophosphoglycans (lpgs) and glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls) and infectivity to cavia porcellus. | leishmania enriettii is a species non-infectious to man, whose reservoir is the guinea pig cavia porcellus. many aspects of the parasite-host interaction in this model are unknown, especially those involving parasite surface molecules. while lipophosphoglycans (lpgs) and glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls) of leishmania species from the old and new world have already been described, glycoconjugates of l. enriettii and their importance are still unknown. | 2015 | 25595203 |
| identification of communal oviposition pheromones from the black fly simulium vittatum. | the suite of pheromones that promote communal oviposition by simulium vittatum, a north american black fly species, was identified and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrophysiological, and behavioral bioassays. behavioral assays demonstrated that communal oviposition was induced by egg-derived compounds that were active at short range and whose effect was enhanced through direct contact. three compounds (cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, 1-pentadecene, and 1-tridecene) were id ... | 2015 | 25786206 |
| baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) from lapinha cave (brazil). | given the increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis in recent years, associated with the socio-economic impact of this disease, as well as the wide distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in brazil and the likelihood that this vector may develop resistance to insecticides used for control, the ministry of health considers as crucial the creation of a network in order to study and monitor the resistance of this vector to insecticides used for control. in this sense, this study aimed: 1) to charac ... | 2015 | 26381242 |
| lundep, a sand fly salivary endonuclease increases leishmania parasite survival in neutrophils and inhibits xiia contact activation in human plasma. | neutrophils are the host's first line of defense against infections, and their extracellular traps (net) were recently shown to kill leishmania parasites. here we report a net-destroying molecule (lundep) from the salivary glands of lutzomyia longipalpis. previous analysis of the sialotranscriptome of lu. longipalpis showed the potential presence of an endonuclease. indeed, not only was the cloned cdna (lundep) shown to encode a highly active ss- and dsdnase, but also the same activity was demon ... | 2014 | 24516388 |
| vaccines for canine leishmaniasis. | leishmania infantum is the obligatory intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages and causes zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl). the presence of infected dogs as the main reservoir host of zvl is regarded as the most important potential risk for human infection. thus the prevention of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is essential to stop the current increase of the mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. recently considerable advances in achieving protective immunization of dogs and seve ... | 2014 | 25628897 |
| prostaglandin e2/leukotriene b4 balance induced by lutzomyia longipalpis saliva favors leishmania infantum infection. | eicosanoids and sand fly saliva have a critical role in the leishmania infection. here, we evaluated the effect of lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland sonicate (sgs) on neutrophil and monocyte recruitment and activation of eicosanoid production in a murine model of inflammation. | 2014 | 25526785 |
| the nuclear receptor genes hr3 and e75 are required for the circadian rhythm in a primitive insect. | insect circadian rhythms are generated by a circadian clock consisting of transcriptional/translational feedback loops, in which cycle and clock are the key elements in activating the transcription of various clock genes such as timeless (tim) and period (per). although the transcriptional regulation of clock (clk) has been profoundly studied, little is known about the regulation of cycle (cyc). here, we identify the orphan nuclear receptor genes hr3 and e75, which are orthologs of mammalian clo ... | 2014 | 25502221 |
| do size and insecticide treatment matter? evaluation of different nets against phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in nepal. | in the indian subcontinent, leishmania donovani, the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is transmitted by the sand fly vector phlebotomus argentipes. long lasting insecticide treated nets (ln) have been postulated as alternative or complement to indoor residual spraying but there are few field studies evaluating the entomological efficacy of different nets against this vector. we conducted two crossover trials in a vl endemic area in nepal to compare the barrier effect of (1) ln with d ... | 2014 | 25494099 |
| effects of nutritional components on aging. | nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms. reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms. however, the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established. in this review, we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging. moreover, we will discuss how the amount or composition ... | 2014 | 25339542 |
| ige anti-ljm11 sand fly salivary antigen may herald the onset of fogo selvagem in endemic brazilian regions. | 2014 | 25285921 | |
| expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages inversely correlates with parasitism of lymphoid tissues in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. | there are only a few studies reporting the role of nitric oxide metabolites for controlling macrophage intracellular parasitism, and these are controversial. therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in the lymph nodes and spleen of dogs affected by visceral leishmaniasis through immunohistochemistry and to determine its correlation with tissue parasite burden and serum interferon (ifn)-γ levels. twenty-eight dogs were selected and as ... | 2014 | 25195062 |
| wild and synanthropic reservoirs of leishmania species in the americas. | the definition of a reservoir has changed significantly in the last century, making it necessary to study zoonosis from a broader perspective. one important example is that of leishmania, zoonotic multi-host parasites maintained by several mammal species in nature. the magnitude of the health problem represented by leishmaniasis combined with the complexity of its epidemiology make it necessary to clarify all of the links in transmission net, including non-human mammalian hosts, to develop effec ... | 2014 | 25426421 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: advancements in vaccine development via classical and molecular approaches. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar, a vector-borne protozoan disease, shows endemicity in larger areas of the tropical, subtropical and the mediterranean countries. who report suggested that an annual incidence of vl is nearly 200,000 to 400,000 cases, resulting in 20,000 to 30,000 deaths per year. treatment with available anti-leishmanial drugs are not cost effective, with varied efficacies and higher relapse rate, which poses a major challenge to current kala-azar control program in indi ... | 2014 | 25202307 |
| vector saliva in vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis: a brief encounter of high consequence? | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and remains the most serious form of the disease with no available human vaccine. repeatedly, studies have demonstrated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a number of sand fly salivary proteins against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. all leishmania species including agents of vl are co-deposited into the skin together with vector saliva. generally, the immune response to a protective sal ... | 2014 | 25152872 |
| colonisation resistance in the sand fly gut: leishmania protects lutzomyia longipalpis from bacterial infection. | phlebotomine sand flies transmit the haemoflagellate leishmania, the causative agent of human leishmaniasis. the leishmania promastigotes are confined to the gut lumen and are exposed to the gut microbiota within female sand flies. here we study the colonisation resistance of yeast and bacteria in preventing the establishment of a leishmania population in sand flies and the ability of leishmania to provide colonisation resistance towards the insect bacterial pathogen serratia marcescens that is ... | 2014 | 25051919 |
| a listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine that secretes sand fly salivary protein ljm11 confers long-term protection against vector-transmitted leishmania major. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a sand fly-transmitted disease characterized by skin ulcers that carry significant scarring and social stigmatization. over the past years, there has been cumulative evidence that immunity to specific sand fly salivary proteins confers a significant level of protection against leishmaniasis. in this study, we used an attenuated strain of listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine expression system for ljm11, a sand fly salivary protein identified as a good vaccine candidate. ... | 2014 | 24733091 |
| humoral responses in rhodnius prolixus: bacterial feeding induces differential patterns of antibacterial activity and enhances mrna levels of antimicrobial peptides in the midgut. | the triatomine, rhodnius prolixus, is a major vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in latin america. it has a strictly blood-sucking habit in all life stages, ingesting large amounts of blood from vertebrate hosts from which it can acquire pathogenic microorganisms. in this context, the production of antimicrobial peptides (amps) in the midgut of the insect is vital to control possible infection, and to maintain the microbiota already present in the digestive tract. | 2014 | 24885969 |
| purification and characterization of midgut α-amylase in a predatory bug, andralus spinidens. | α-amylases are widespread enzymes that catalyze endohydrolysis of long α-1,4-glucan chains such as starch and glycogen. the highest amylolytic activity was found in 5th instar nymphs and midgut of the predatory bug, andrallus spinidens f. (hemiptera: pentatomidae). the α-amylase was purified following a three-step procedure. the purified α-amylase had a specific activity of 13.46 u/mg protein, recovery of 4.21, purification fold of 13.87, and molecular weight of 21.3 kda. the enzyme had optimal ... | 2014 | 25373212 |
| identification of blood meal sources of lutzomyia longipalpis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the cytochrome b gene. | an analysis of the dietary content of haematophagous insects can provide important information about the transmission networks of certain zoonoses. the present study evaluated the potential of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene to differentiate between vertebrate species that were identified as possible sources of sandfly meals. the complete cytb gene sequences of 11 vertebrate species available in ... | 2014 | 24821056 |
| epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania species are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. these parasitic protozoans are usually transmitted between vertebrate hosts by the bite of blood sucking female phlebotomine sand flies. this review focuses on the two parasites causing most human visceral leishmaniasis (vl), which leads to substantial health problems or death for up to 400,000 people per year. except for travel cases, leishmania donovani infections are restricted to the (sub-)tropics of ... | 2014 | 24833919 |
| effects of insemination and blood-feeding on locomotor activity of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) females under laboratory conditions. | dengue is an arbovirus disease transmitted by two aedes mosquitoes: ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. virgin females of these two species generally show a bimodal and diurnal pattern of activity, with early morning and late afternoon peaks. although some studies on the flight activity of virgin, inseminated and blood-fed ae. aegypti females have been carried out under laboratory conditions, little is known about the effects of such physiological states on the locomotor activity of ae. albopictus a ... | 2014 | 24990394 |
| traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of bixa orellana l.: a review. | bixa orellana l., popularly known as "urucum," has been used by indigenous communities in brazil and other tropical countries for several biological applications, which indicates its potential use as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. the aim of this work was to report the main evidence found in the literature, concerning the ethnopharmacology, the biological activity, and the phytochemistry studies related to bixa orellana l. therefore, this work comprises a systematic review abou ... | 2014 | 25050404 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of a major hemolymph serpin from the triatomine, panstrongylus megistus. | chagas disease kills 2.5 thousand people per year of 15 million persons infected in latin america. the disease is caused by the protozoan, trypanosome cruzi, and vectored by triatomine insects, including panstrongylus megistus, an important vector in brazil. medicines treating chagas disease have unpleasant side effects and may be ineffective, therefore, alternative control techniques are required. knowledge of the t. cruzi interactions with the triatomine host needs extending and new targets/st ... | 2014 | 24423259 |
| the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) from the sf9 lepidopteran insect cell line: insights into fut8 evolution. | the core alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (fut8) catalyzes the transfer of a fucosyl moiety from gdp-fucose to the innermost asparagine-linked n-acetylglucosamine residue of glycoproteins. in mammals, this glycosylation has an important function in many fundamental biological processes and although no essential role has been demonstrated yet in all animals, fut8 amino acid (aa) sequence and fut8 activity are very well conserved throughout the animal kingdom. we have cloned the cdna and the complete g ... | 2014 | 25333276 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban setting of southeastern brazil: an ecological study involving spatial analysis. | the physical characteristics of the environment influence the composition, distribution and behavior of the vectors and mammalian hosts involved in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), thereby affecting the epidemiology of the disease. in brazil, urbanization of human vl is a recent phenomenon and represents an issue of particular concern to local health authorities. the present study aimed to establish the degree of spatial dependency between canine and human vl in the municipality ... | 2014 | 25326767 |
| characterization of guinea pig antibody responses to salivary proteins of triatoma infestans for the development of a triatomine exposure marker. | salivary proteins of triatoma infestans elicit humoral immune responses in their vertebrate hosts. these immune responses indicate exposure to triatomines and thus can be a useful epidemiological tool to estimate triatomine infestation. in the present study, we analyzed antibody responses of guinea pigs to salivary antigens of different developmental stages of four t. infestans strains originating from domestic and/or peridomestic habitats in argentina, bolivia, chile and peru. we aimed to ident ... | 2014 | 24699441 |
| anopheles darlingi (diptera: culicidae) displays increased attractiveness to infected individuals with plasmodium vivax gametocytes. | most hematophagous insects use host odours as chemical cues. the odour components, some physiological parameters and host attractiveness are affected by several conditions, including infection by parasites, e.g., plasmodia and, therefore, change the epidemiological scenario. this study evaluated the attractiveness of individuals with vivax malaria before, during (7 days) and after treatment (14 days) with specific antimalarial drugs. | 2014 | 24885914 |
| cross-species genetic exchange between visceral and cutaneous strains of leishmania in the sand fly vector. | genetic exchange between leishmania major strains during their development in the sand fly vector has been experimentally shown. to investigate the possibility of genetic exchange between different leishmania species, a cutaneous strain of l. major and a visceral strain of leishmania infantum, each bearing a different drug-resistant marker, were used to coinfect lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. eleven double-drug-resistant progeny clones, each the product of an independent mating event, were ge ... | 2014 | 25385616 |
| stingray: system for integrated genomic resources and analysis. | the stingray system has been conceived to ease the tasks of integrating, analyzing, annotating and presenting genomic and expression data from sanger and next generation sequencing (ngs) platforms. | 2014 | 24606808 |
| vectorbase: an updated bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors and other organisms related with human diseases. | vectorbase is a national institute of allergy and infectious diseases supported bioinformatics resource center (brc) for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. now in its 11th year, vectorbase currently hosts the genomes of 35 organisms including a number of non-vectors for comparative analysis. hosted data range from genome assemblies with annotated gene features, transcript and protein expression data to population genetics including variation and insecticide-resistance phenotypes. here we d ... | 2014 | 25510499 |
| evidence for a lectin specific for sulfated glycans in the salivary gland of the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | salivary gland homogenate (sgh) from the female mosquitoes anopheles gambiae, an. stephensi, an. freeborni, an. dirus and an. albimanus were found to exhibit hemagglutinating (lectin) activity. lectin activity was not found for male an. gambiae, or female ae aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, phlebotomus duboscqi, and lutzomyia longipalpis. with respect to species-specificity, an. gambiae sgh agglutinates red blood cells (rbc) from humans, horse, sheep, goat, pig, and cow; it is less active for ra ... | 2014 | 25207644 |
| morphological changes in the bone marrow of the dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the most frequent lesions in the bone marrow of dogs naturally infected by leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. thirty-three dogs sacrificed at the zoonosis control center of araçatuba, a municipality endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (vl), were used. the animals were classified as asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and symptomatic groups. at the necropsy, bone marrow samples were collected from the femur, fixed, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... | 2014 | 24744957 |
| the contribution of the genomes of a termite and a locust to our understanding of insect neuropeptides and neurohormones. | the genomes of the migratory locust locusta migratoria and the termite zootermopsis nevadensis were mined for the presence of genes encoding neuropeptides, neurohormones, and their g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs). both species have retained a larger number of neuropeptide and neuropeptide gpcrs than the better known holometabolous insect species, while other genes that in holometabolous species appear to have a single transcript produce two different precursors in the locust, the termite or ... | 2014 | 25477824 |
| ipathcons and ipathdb: an improved insect pathway construction tool and the database. | insects are one of the most successful animal groups on earth. some insects, such as the silkworm and honeybee, are beneficial to humans, whereas others are notorious pests of crops. at present, the genomes of 38 insects have been sequenced and made publically available. in addition, the transcriptomes of dozens of insects have been sequenced. as gene data rapidly accumulate, constructing the pathway of molecular interactions becomes increasingly important for entomological research. here, we de ... | 2014 | 25388589 |
| host modulation by a parasite: how leishmania infantum modifies the intestinal environment of lutzomyia longipalpis to favor its development. | some reports have described the interference of leishmania on sand flies physiology, and such behavior most likely evolved to favor the development and transmission of the parasite. most of these studies showed that leishmania could modulate the level of proteases in the midgut after an infective blood meal, and decreased proteolytic activity is indeed beneficial for the development of promastigotes in the gut of sand flies. in the present study, we performed a detailed investigation of the inte ... | 2014 | 25365351 |
| what's behind a sand fly bite? the profound effect of sand fly saliva on host hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. | sand flies are blood-feeding insects and vectors of the leishmania parasite. for many years, saliva of these insects has represented a gold mine for the discovery of molecules with anti-hemostatic and immuno-modulatory activities. furthermore, proteins in sand fly saliva have been shown to be a potential vaccine against leishmaniasis and also markers of vector exposure. a bottleneck to progress in these areas of research has been the identification of molecules responsible for the observed activ ... | 2014 | 25117872 |
| characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites. | mice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted leishmania major. although protection has been related to ifn-γ producing t cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined. | 2014 | 24762408 |
| an investigation into the protein composition of the teneral glossina morsitans morsitans peritrophic matrix. | tsetse flies serve as biological vectors for several species of african trypanosomes. in order to survive, proliferate and establish a midgut infection, trypanosomes must cross the tsetse fly peritrophic matrix (pm), which is an acellular gut lining surrounding the blood meal. crossing of this multi-layered structure occurs at least twice during parasite migration and development, but the mechanism of how trypanosomes do so is not understood. in order to better comprehend the molecular events su ... | 2014 | 24763256 |
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis/hiv coinfection presented as a diffuse desquamative rash. | leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is endemic in tropical areas and in the mediterranean. this condition spreads to 98 countries in four continents, surpassing 12 million infected individuals, with 350 million people at risk of infection. this disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes, caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania, with various animal reservoirs, such as rodents, dogs, wolves, foxes, and even humans. transmission occurs through a vector, a sandfly o ... | 2014 | 25548691 |
| a laboratory evaluation of alcohols as attractants for the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae). | the potential attraction from 1-octen-3-ol for sandflies has been documented; however, studies using other primary alcohols are limited. | 2014 | 24502386 |
| repeated exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand fly saliva induces local expression of interferon-inducible genes both at the site of injection in mice and in human blood. | during a blood meal, lutzomyia intermedia sand flies transmit leishmania braziliensis, a parasite causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. in experimental leishmaniasis, pre-exposure to saliva of most blood-feeding sand flies results in parasite establishment in absence of any skin damages in mice challenged with dermotropic leishmania species together with saliva. in contrast, pre-immunization with lu. intermedia salivary gland sonicate (sgs) results in enhanced skin inflammatory exacerbation upon co ... | 2014 | 24421912 |
| differential roles of an anopheline midgut gpi-anchored protein in mediating plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax ookinete invasion. | novel strategies to directly thwart malaria transmission are needed to maintain the gains achieved by current control measures. transmission-blocking interventions (tbis), namely vaccines and drugs targeting parasite or mosquito molecules required for vector-stage parasite development, have been recognized as promising approaches for preventing malaria transmission. however, the number of tbi targets is limited and their degree of conservation among the major vector-parasite systems causing huma ... | 2014 | 24929123 |
| dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in brazil: opening the black box. | dogs and cats in brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. these may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). while some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., aelurostrongylus abstrusus and felicola subrostratus for cats, and angiostrongylus vasorum and trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other h ... | 2014 | 24423244 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis at pantanal, central south america. | environmental changes caused by urbanization can cause alterations in the ecology and behavior of sandflies and in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. geotechnological tools allow the analysis and recognition of spatiotemporal patterns by monitoring and mapping risk areas of this vector-borne disease. this study aims to describe the sandfly fauna in the municipality of corumbá and to compare it with the data described in a three-year period from 1984 to 1986 by galati. a further aim was to analyz ... | 2014 | 25128480 |
| a comparison of molecular markers to detect lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) infantum. | the aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by leishmania (leishmania) infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in barcarena, state of pará, brazil, through the use of three primer sets. with this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. dna of 280 lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. pcr primers for kinetoplast minicircle dna (kdna), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu-rrna) gene of lei ... | 2014 | 25004147 |
| first detection of leishmania tropica dna and trypanosoma species in sergentomyia sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from an outbreak area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in ghana. | leishmania major and an uncharacterized species have been reported from human patients in a cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) outbreak area in ghana. reports from the area indicate the presence of anthropophilic sergentomyia species that were found with leishmania dna. | 2014 | 24516676 |
| catalogue of the type material of phlebotominae (diptera, psychodidae) deposited in the instituto evandro chagas, brazil. | the available type material of phlebotominae (diptera, psychodidae) deposited in the "coleção de flebotomíneos" of the instituto evandro chagas (colfleb iec) is now presented in an annotated catalogue comprising a total of 121 type specimens belonging to 12 species as follow: nyssomyia richardwardi (2 female paratypes), nyssomyia shawi (9 male and 25 female paratypes), nyssomyia umbratilis (female holotype and 1 female paratype), nyssomyia yuilli yuilli (1 male and 1 female paratypes), pintomyia ... | 2014 | 24715786 |
| sex and rhythms in sandflies and mosquitoes: an appreciation of the work of alexandre afranio peixoto (1963-2013). | i will briefly discuss the work of alexandre a. peixoto on sandflies and mosquitoes, focusing initially on his contributions to the population biology and phylogenetics of brazilian populations of these important hematophagous insects. i shall also review some of his work on the underlying molecular clocks that mediate rhythmic behaviour and physiology in these species. | 2014 | 25046172 |
| spatial distribution and environmental factors associated to phlebotomine fauna in a border area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in mato grosso do sul, brazil. | mato grosso do sul has been undergoing a process of urbanization which results in loss of native vegetation. this withdrawal makes vectors of man and domestic animals closer, causing changes in the epidemiology of diseases such as american visceral leishmaniasis. the aim of the study was to evaluate the phlebotomine fauna and environmental issues related to the transmission of avl in ponta porã, mato grosso do sul, between 2009 and 2010. | 2014 | 24898032 |
| ecological aspects of the phlebotominae fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in the xakriabá indigenous reserve, brazil. | sand fly collections were performed to study ecological aspects of the phlebotominae fauna of the xakriabá indigenous reserve, an area with endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis, located in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | 2014 | 24886717 |
| phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of lutzomyia cruzi in jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is transmitted by the phlebotomine lutzomyia longipalpis and in some midwestern regions by lutzomyia cruzi. studies of the phlebotomine fauna, feeding habits and natural infection rate by leishmania contribute to increased understanding of the epidemiological chain of leishmaniases and their vectorial capacity. collections were performed in jaciara, state of mato grosso from 2010-2013, during which time 2,011 phlebotomines (23 species) were captured (68.70% ... | 2014 | 25410993 |
| stage-specific differential gene expression in leishmania infantum: from the foregut of phlebotomus perniciosus to the human phagocyte. | leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of zoonotical visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. a recent outbreak in humans has been recently reported in central spain. leishmania spp. parasites are transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of sand flies. the primary vector of l. infantum in spain is phlebotomus perniciosus. for decades, research on these parasites has involved the axenic culture model of the promastigote stage including gene expression profiling studies perfor ... | 2014 | 25281593 |
| transmission potential of antimony-resistant leishmania field isolates. | we studied the development of antimony-resistant leishmania infantum in natural vectors lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus perniciosus to ascertain the risk of parasite transmission by sand flies. all three resistant strains produced fully mature late-stage infections in sand flies; moreover, the resistant phenotype was maintained after the passage through the vector. these results highlight the risk of circulation of resistant leishmania strains and question the use of human drugs for treatm ... | 2014 | 25049256 |
| first evidence of intraclonal genetic exchange in trypanosomatids using two leishmania infantum fluorescent transgenic clones. | the mode of reproduction in leishmania spp has been argued to be essentially clonal. however, recent data (genetic analysis of populations and co-infections in sand flies) have proposed the existence of a non-obligate sexual cycle in the extracellular stage of the parasite within the sand fly vector. in this article we propose the existence of intraclonal genetic exchange in the natural vector of leishmania infantum. | 2014 | 25188587 |
| effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | insect vectors have been established as models in chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum in the new world, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. however, most of these studies applied hourly cdc trap captures, which is a good indicative of l. longipalpis b ... | 2014 | 24947114 |
| comparative analysis of salivary gland transcriptomes of phlebotomus orientalis sand flies from endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. | in east africa, phlebotomus orientalis serves as the main vector of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). phlebotomus orientalis is present at two distant localities in ethiopia; addis zemen where vl is endemic and melka werer where transmission of vl does not occur. to find out whether the difference in epidemiology of vl is due to distant compositions of p. orientalis saliva we established colonies from addis zemen and melka werer, analyzed and compared the t ... | 2014 | 24587463 |
| expression pattern of glycoside hydrolase genes in lutzomyia longipalpis reveals key enzymes involved in larval digestion. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. adults are phytophagous (males and females) or blood feeders (females only), and larvae feed on solid detritus. digestion in sand fly larvae has scarcely been studied, but some glycosidase activities putatively involved in microorganism digestion were already described. nevertheless, the molecular nature of these enzymes, as the corresponding genes and transcripts, were not explored yet. catabolis ... | 2014 | 25140153 |
| molecular and parasitological detection of leishmania spp. in a dipteran of the species tabanus importunus. | leishmaniasis is an important chronic zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania spp. the major vectors of this protozoosis are sand flies, and lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the main species implicated in the transmission of american visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. the presence of the parasite's deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas has prompted speculations about the existence of new vectors in the cycle of leishmaniasis. the aim of this paper is ... | 2014 | 24473890 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in campo grande, ms. | leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania (ross, 1903) and is the focus of considerable attention in human and veterinary medicine. in the city of campo grande, ms, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis is leishmania infantum (= l. chagasi) primary vector, comprising approximately 92.9% of the local sandfly population, is lutzomyia longipalpis. the aim of this work was to compare real-time pcr with pcr as a tool for the detection of the kinetoplast dn ... | 2014 | 25054512 |
| epidemiological survey of lutzomyia longipalpis infected by leishmania infantum in an endemic area of brazil. | the objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis. the sandflies were captured between february 2009 and january 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the fortaleza municipality. samples were screened for the presence of leishmania dna by real time pcr (qpcr), amplification of kdna minicircle sequence. out of the ... | 2014 | 24728361 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in dracena, a city in the western region of the state of são paulo, brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. | vector seasonality knowledge is important for monitoring and controlling of vector-borne diseases. lutzomyia longipalpis (lu. longipalpis) is the main vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum nicolle, 1908, which is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. | 2014 | 24474011 |
| comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: igg, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis. | the incidence of zoonotic canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) would decrease if dogs were effectively vaccinated; however, additional data on the efficacy of canine vaccines are required for their approved preventative use. | 2014 | 24406392 |
| the first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in campinas, state of são paulo southeastern brazil. | early detection of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) outbreak in animals is crucial for controlling this disease in non-endemic areas. | 2014 | 25075492 |
| predicted altitudinal shifts and reduced spatial distribution of leishmania infantum vector species under climate change scenarios in colombia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by the trypanosomatid parasite leishmania infantum (=leishmania chagasi), and is epidemiologically relevant due to its wide geographic distribution, the number of annual cases reported and the increase in its co-infection with hiv. two vector species have been incriminated in the americas: lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia evansi. in colombia, l. longipalpis is distributed along the magdalena river valley while l. evansi is only found in the northern part ... | 2014 | 23988300 |
| a potential link among antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and trace elements in canine visceral leishmaniasis. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is a severe and fatal systemic chronic inflammatory disease. we investigated the alterations in, and potential associations among, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements and histopathology in cvl. blood and tissue levels of cu-zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in mixed-breed dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum chagasi, symptomatic (n = 19) and asymptomatic (n = 11). serum levels of copper, iron, zinc, selenium ... | 2014 | 24766461 |
| synthetic sex pheromone in a long-lasting lure attracts the visceral leishmaniasis vector, lutzomyia longipalpis, for up to 12 weeks in brazil. | current control methodologies have not prevented the spread of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) across brazil. here, we describe the development of a new tool for controlling the sand fly vector of the disease: a long-lasting lure, which releases a synthetic male sex pheromone, attractive to both sexes of lutzomyia longipalpis. this device could be used to improve the effectiveness of residual insecticide spraying as a means of sand fly control, attracting l. longipalpis to insecticide-treated animal ... | 2014 | 24651528 |
| female preference and predation risk models can explain the maintenance of a fallow deer (dama dama) lek and its 'handy' location. | we tested the predictions of three models (female preference; hotspot; predator avoidance) on lek formation in the fallow deer population of san rossore, tuscany. we collected behavioural observations in two leks and radiotracking data on 67 deer over 7 years. two deer sub-populations were present in the northern and southern sides of the area, respectively, the two sectors being delimited by a river and including one lek each. predictions were tested for one lek (sg), located in the south-side ... | 2014 | 24599036 |
| evaluation of canine and feline leishmaniasis by the association of blood culture, immunofluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction. | this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of leishmania spp. in dogs and cats from botucatu, são paulo state, and campo grande, mato grosso do sul state, brazil, by the association of three diagnostic tests: blood culture in liver infusion tryptose medium, immunofluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction. fifty blood samples of dogs and cats from the center for zoonosis control in campo grande, an area endemic for canine visceral leishmaniasis, were collected randomly, as well as ... | 2014 | 24565284 |
| lbsapsal-vaccinated dogs exhibit increased circulating t-lymphocyte subsets (cd4⁺ and cd8⁺) as well as a reduction of parasitism after challenge with leishmania infantum plus salivary gland of lutzomyia longipalpis. | the development of a protective vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is an alternative approach for interrupting the domestic cycle of leishmania infantum. given the importance of sand fly salivary proteins as potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited during transmission of leishmania parasites, their inclusion in an anti-leishmania vaccine has been investigated in the last few decades. in this context, we previously immunized dogs with a vaccine composed of l. braziliensis anti ... | 2014 | 24507702 |