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bacillus thuringiensis monogenic strains: screening and interactions with insecticides used against rice pests.the screening of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins with high potential to control insect pests has been the goal of numerous research groups. in this study, we evaluated six monogenic bt strains (bt dendrolimus hd-37, bt kurstaki hd-1, bt kurstaki hd-73, bt thuringiensis 4412, bt kurstaki nrd-12 and bt entomocidus 60.5, which codify the cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1ba, cry1c, cry2a genes respectively) as potential insecticides for the most important insect pests of irrigated rice: spodopte ...201224031872
production of japanese encephalitis virus-like particles using the baculovirus-insect cell system.the production of a secreted form of japanese encephalitis (je) virus-like particles (vlps) using the baculovirus-insect cell system was investigated. a recombinant baculovirus that contained the je virus (jev) prm signal sequence and the genes encoding the precursor (prm) of the viral membrane protein (m) and the envelope glycoprotein (e) was constructed. western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the culture supernatant showed that spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infecte ...201222841798
evaluation of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1a.105, cry2ab2, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1 against southern united states insect pests.studies were conducted across the southern united states to characterize the efficacy of multiple bacillus thuringiensis (bt) events in a field corn, zea mays l., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. cry1f protein in event tc1507 and cry1a.105 + cry2ab2 proteins in event mon 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. cry34ab1/cry35ab1 proteins in event das-59122-7 and cry3bb1 in event mon 88017 w ...201223156183
specific binding of radiolabeled cry1fa insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis to midgut sites in lepidopteran species.cry1fa insecticidal protein was successfully radiolabeled with (125)i-na. specific binding to brush border membrane vesicles was shown for the lepidopteran species ostrinia nubilalis, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, heliothis virescens, and plutella xylostella. homologous competition assays were performed to obtain equilibrium binding parameters (k(d) [dissociation constant] and r(t) [concentration of binding sites]) for these six insect species.201222447600
an amino acid substitution inhibits specialist herbivore production of an antagonist effector and recovers insect-induced plant defenses.plants respond to insect herbivory through the production of biochemicals that function as either direct defenses or indirect defenses via the attraction of natural enemies. while attack by closely related insect pests can result in distinctive levels of induced plant defenses, precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for differing responses remain largely unknown. cowpea (vigna unguiculata) responds to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory through the detection of fragments of chlor ...201223008466
n-glycosylations of human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix are required for full enzyme activity.human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix catalyzes the transfer of l-fucose from guanosine diphosphate-β-l-fucose to n-acetyllactosamine, generating a lewis x epitope, and is thereby involved in the synthesis of fucosylated cell surface glycoconjugates. it contains three putative n-glycosylation sites (asn62, asn101 and asn153). the current study considers the functional role of these potential n-glycosylations within the enzyme. we produced truncated variants of human fucosyltransferase ix containing t ...201223263199
analysis of a naturally-occurring deletion mutant of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus reveals sf58 as a new per os infectivity factor of lepidopteran-infecting baculoviruses.the nicaraguan population of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, sfmnpv-nic, is structured as a mixture of nine genotypes (a-i). occlusion bodies (obs) of sfmnpv-c, -d and -g pure genotypes are incapable of oral transmission; a phenotype which in sfmnpv-c and -d is due to the absence of pif1 and pif2 genes. the complete sequence of the sfmnpv-g genome was determined to identify possible factors involved in this phenotype. deletions of 4860bp (22,366-27,225) and 60bp (119,759-119 ...201222041202
insecticidal effects of acetogenins from rollinia occidentalis seed extract.from the methanol seed extract of rollinia occidentalis five acetogenins were isolated, sylvaticin (1), rolliniastatin-1 (2), rolliniastatin-2 (3), motrilin (4) and desacetyluvaricin (5), and evaluated for their toxicity and nutritional alterations on spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae). all but one of the compounds produced more than 90% mortality on early larval instars at 50 and 100 microg per g of diet. sylvaticin caused 15 and 60% mortality at 50 and 100 microg/g, respectiv ...201223413573
[cloning and functional research of arp2/3-p40/arpc1 subunit of sf9 cells].the baculovirus-induced actin polymerization is mainly associated with the virus nucleocapsid protein p78/83, which is homologous with wasp proteins that can activate arp2/3 complex and induce the actin polymerization. in order to explore the role of arp2/3 complex in the baculovirus replication, the p40 subunit of arp2/3 complex from sf9 (spodoptera frugiperda 9) cell line was cloned and characterized. immunofluorescent microscopy assay indicated that p40 was recruited to the inner-side of nucl ...201223367557
foliar herbivory triggers local and long distance defense responses in maize.many studies have documented the induction of belowground defenses in plants in response to aboveground herbivory and vice versa, but the genes and signaling molecules mediating systemic induction are not well understood. we performed comparative microarray analysis on maize whorl and root tissues from the insect resistant inbred mp708 in response to foliar feeding by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars. although mp708 has elevated jasmonic acid (ja) levels prior to herbivory, gen ...201223265323
Ultra-structure and histochemistry of digestive cells of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) fed with prey reared on bt-cotton.The toxic effects of Bt proteins from the body of the prey/host to predators and parasitoids have been investigated as a route of impact on non-target insects of Bt crops. This research aimed to analyze ultrastructural changes and histochemistry in digestive cells of the middle region of the midgut of Podisus nigrispinus fed, since its second instar, with Spodoptera frugiperda reared on Bt cotton variety Acala90 B, which expresses the toxin Cry 1Ac, and its non-Bt isoline Acala 90. Fragments of ...201221900014
isolation, cloning and high- level expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin lipocalin2 by baculovirus expression system through gateway technology.lipocalin 2 (lcn2) is a 25-kda glycoprotein that has initially been extracted from neutrophil granules. expression of lcn2 is induced under various pathophysiological conditions. it is also known as an early marker of kidney and heart injury. high-level expression of recombinant lcn2 neutrophil gelatinase-associated (ngal) in insect cells was the aim of this study.201223493520
the synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats.the control of tick and flea burdens in dogs and cats has become essential to the control of important and emerging vector borne diseases, some of which are zoonoses. flea worry and flea bite hypersensitivity are additionally a significant disease entity in dogs and cats. owner compliance in maintaining the pressure of control measures has been shown to be poor. for these reasons efforts are continuously being made to develop ectoparasiticides and application methods that are safe, effective and ...201222498105
Identification and Structural Characterization of Novel Cyclotide with Activity against an Insect Pest of Sugar Cane.Cyclotides are a family of plant-derived cyclic peptides comprising six conserved cysteine residues connected by three intermolecular disulfide bonds that form a knotted structure known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK). This structural motif is responsible for the pronounced stability of cyclotides against chemical, thermal, or proteolytic degradation and has sparked growing interest in this family of peptides. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel cyclotide from Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae ...201222074926
substrate specificities and intracellular distributions of three n-glycan processing enzymes functioning at a key branch point in the insect n-glycosylation pathway.man(α1-6)[glcnac(β1-2)man(α1-3)]manglcnac2 is a key branch point intermediate in the insect n-glycosylation pathway because it can be either trimmed by a processing β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (fdl) to produce paucimannosidic n-glycans or elongated by n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ii (gnt-ii) to produce complex n-glycans. n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt-i) contributes to branch point intermediate production and can potentially reverse the fdl trimming reaction. however, there has been no ...201222238347
cytotoxicity analysis of three bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis δ-endotoxins towards insect and mammalian cells.three members of the δ-endotoxin group of toxins expressed by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, cyt2ba, cry4aa and cry11a, were individually expressed in recombinant acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strains for in vitro evaluation of their toxic activities against insect and mammalian cell lines. both cry4aa and cry11a toxins, activated with either trypsin or spodoptera frugiperda gastric juice (gj), resulted in different cleavage patterns for the activated toxins as seen by sds-page. ...201223029407
differential protection of cry1fa toxin against spodoptera frugiperda larval gut proteases by cadherin orthologs correlates with increased synergism.the cry proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are the most widely used biopesticides effective against a range of crop pests and disease vectors. like chemical pesticides, development of resistance is the primary threat to the long-term efficacy of bt toxins. recently discovered cadherin-based bt cry synergists showed the potential to augment resistance management by improving efficacy of cry toxins. however, the mode of action of bt cry synergists is thus far unclear. here we elucida ...201222081566
the putative serine protease inhibitor api m 6 from apis mellifera venom: recombinant and structural evaluation.immunoglobulin (ig) e-mediated reactions to honeybee venom can cause severe anaphylaxis, sometimes with fatal consequences. detailed knowledge of the allergic potential of all venom components is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of allergy and to gain a better understanding of the allergological mechanisms of insect venoms.201223397669
cellular vps4 is required for efficient entry and egress of budded virions of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.membrane budding is essential for the egress of many enveloped viruses, and this process shares similarities with the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (mvbs). in eukaryotic cells, the budding of intraluminal vesicles (ivls) is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt) machinery and some viruses require escrt machinery components or functions to bud from host cells. baculoviruses, such as autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), enter host c ...201222072775
cell-based analysis of chikungunya virus membrane fusion using baculovirus-expression vectors.chikungunya virus infection has emerged in many countries over the past decade. there are no effective drugs for controlling the disease. to develop cell-based system for screening anti-virus drugs, a bi-cistronic baculovirus expression system was utilized to co-express viral structural proteins c (capsid), e2 and e1 and the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (sf21). the egfp-positive sf21 cells fused with each other and with uninfected cells to form ...201121619896
heterologous expression of two fad-dependent oxidases with (s)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase activity from arge mone mexicana and berberis wilsoniae in insect cells.berberine, palmatine and dehydrocoreximine are end products of protoberberine biosynthesis. these quaternary protoberberines are elicitor inducible and, like other phytoalexins, are highly oxidized. the oxidative potential of these compounds is derived from a diverse array of biosynthetic steps involving hydroxylation, intra-molecular c-c coupling, methylenedioxy bridge formation and a dehydrogenation reaction as the final step in the biosynthesis. for the berberine biosynthetic pathway, the ide ...201121327819
Laboratory and field evaluations of the efficacy of a fast-killing baculovirus isolate from Spodoptera frugiperda.Three biopesticide parameters were evaluated for a fast-killing isolate (3AP2) and a wild-type isolate (Sf3) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). Both isolates were evaluated for virus production using in vivo methods, for speed of kill based on bioassay of applications to glasshouse-grown and field-grown plants, and for residual insecticidal activity of unformulated virus and an encapsulating formulation to provide UV protection. Two inoculation rates comparing relat ...201122100417
chip-based size-selective sorting of biological cells using high frequency acoustic excitation.this work presents the size-selective sorting of single biological cells using the assembly process known as templated assembly by selective removal (tasr). we have demonstrated experimentally, for the first time, the selective placement and sorting of single sf9 cells (clonal isolate derived from spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) iplb-sf21-ae cells) into patterned hemispherical sites on rigid assembly templates using tasr. nearly 100% of the assembly sites on the template were filled with m ...201121614404
Safety and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adults in Mexico.Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be rapidly developed from influenza virus genetic sequences in order to supply vaccine after the onset of a pandemic. The safety and immunogenicity of one or two doses of a recombinant A (H1N1) 2009 influenza VLP vaccine was evaluated in a two-stage, Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 4563 healthy adults, 18-64 years of age, during the H1N1 2009 pandemic in Mexico. In Part A, 1013 subjects were randomized into four treatment g ...201121816199
herbivore-induced plant volatiles can serve as host location cues for a generalist and a specialist egg parasitoid.herbivore-induced plant volatiles are important host finding cues for larval parasitoids, and similarly, insect oviposition might elicit the release of plant volatiles functioning as host finding cues for egg parasitoids. we hypothesized that egg parasitoids also might utilize hipvs of emerging larvae to locate plants with host eggs. we, therefore, assessed the olfactory response of two egg parasitoids, a generalist, trichogramma pretiosum (tricogrammatidae), and a specialist, telenomus remus (s ...201122170346
sequence comparison between three geographically distinct spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates: detecting positively selected genes.the complete genomic sequence of a nicaraguan plaque purified spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) genotype sfmnpv-b was determined and compared to previously sequenced isolates from united states (sfmnpv-3ap2) and brazil (sfmnpv-19). the genome of sfmnpv-b (132,954bp) was 1623bp and 389bp larger than that of sfmnpv-3ap2 and sfmnpv-19, respectively. genome size differences were mainly due to a deletion located in the sfmnpv-3ap2 egt region and small deletions and point mutations i ...201121238456
bioactivity of carica papaya (caricaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the composition of a chloroform seed extract of c. papaya was determined by gc-ms. nineteen compounds were identified, with oleic (45.97%), palmitic (24.1%) and stearic (8.52%) acids being the main components. the insecticidal and insectistatic activities of the extract and the three main constituents were tested. larval duration increased by 3.4 d and 2.5 d when the extract was used at 16,000 and 9,600 ppm, respectively, whereas the pupal period increased by 2.2 d and 1.1 d at the same concentr ...201121892128
characterization of mosquito cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3: differences in substrate preference and kinetic properties.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases are involved in insecticide resistance in insects. we previously observed an increase in cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3 mrna expression in anopheles minimus mosquitoes during the selection for deltamethrin resistance in the laboratory. cyp6aa3 has been shown to metabolize deltamethrin, while no information is known for cyp6p7. in this study, cyp6p7 was heterologously expressed in the spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells via baculovirus-mediated expression system. the expre ...201121308761
viroplasm matrix protein pns9 from rice gall dwarf virus forms an octameric cylindrical structure.the nonstructural pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus (rgdv) accumulates in viroplasm (vp) inclusions, which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family reoviridae. immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of rgdv-infected vector cells in monolayers (vcms), using antibodies against pns9 of rgdv and expression of pns9 in spodoptera frugiperda cells demonstrated that pns9 is the minimal ...201121613445
growth variation among bacillus thuringiensis strains can affect screening procedures for supernatant-secreted toxins against insect pests.background: supernatant-secreted proteins in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) (bt) with insecticidal activity provide an important source of information for discovery of new useful strains and/or entomotoxins. however, physiological variation among isolates might interfere in the detection efficiency of screening procedures on bt collections. the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of this variation in a sample of isolates from a tropical bt collection, which was gauged through the as ...201121618404
recombinant human sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdhs) is expressed at high yield as an active homotetramer in baculovirus-infected insect cells.the sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdhs) isoform is a promising contraceptive target because it is specific to male germ cells, essential for sperm motility and male fertility, and well suited to pharmacological inhibition. however, gapdhs is difficult to isolate from native sources and recombinant expression frequently results in high production of insoluble enzyme. we chose to use the bac-to-bac baculovirus-insect cell system to express a his-tagged form of human ga ...201120828617
active depletion of host cell inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins triggers apoptosis upon baculovirus dna replication.apoptosis is an important antivirus defense by virtue of its impact on virus multiplication and pathogenesis. to define molecular mechanisms by which viruses are detected and the apoptotic response is initiated, we examined the antiviral role of host inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins in insect cells. we report here that the principal iaps, diap1 and sfiap, of the model insects drosophila melanogaster and spodoptera frugiperda, respectively, are rapidly depleted and thereby inactivated upon i ...201121653668
antihypertensive effect of insect cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.in this study, we investigated the in vitro ace inhibitory and in vivo antihypertensive effect of insect cell extracts. the ic(50) of three insect cell lines from different type and insect species origin: s2 (embryo, drosophila melanogaster), sf21 (ovary, spodoptera frugiperda) and bm5 (ovary, bombyx mori), were evaluated. most interesting results were that the ic(50) values ranged between 0.4 and 0.9 mg/ml, and that an extra hydrolysis with gastrointestinal enzymes did not increase the ace inhi ...201120800635
dispensing synthetic green leaf volatiles in maize fields increases the release of sesquiterpenes by the plants, but has little effect on the attraction of pest and beneficial insects.maize plants respond to feeding by arthropod herbivores by producing a number of secondary plant compounds, including volatile organic compounds (vocs). these herbivore-induced vocs are not only known to attract natural enemies of the herbivores, but they may also prime inducible defences in neighbouring plants, resulting in stronger and faster defence responses in these voc-exposed plants. among the compounds that cause this priming effect, green leaf volatiles (glvs) have received particular a ...201121658734
functional interactions between polydnavirus and host cellular innexins.polydnaviruses are double-stranded dna viruses associated with some subfamilies of ichneumonoid parasitoid wasps. polydnavirus virions are delivered during wasp parasitization of a host, and virus gene expression in the host induces alterations of host physiology. infection of susceptible host caterpillars by the polydnavirus campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (csiv) leads to expression of virus genes, resulting in immune and developmental disruptions. csiv encodes four homologues of insect gap ju ...201121813607
effect of triterpenoids and limonoids isolated from cabralea canjerana and carapa guianensis (meliaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith).the activities of two triterpenoids, ocotillone and cabraleadiol, and four limonoids, methyl angolensate, 3-beta-deacetylfissinolide, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, and beta-photogedunin, isolated from arillus of carapa guianensis and fruits and seeds of cabralea canjerana (meliaceae), were evaluated against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. gedunin was used as a positive control. 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and beta-photogedunin reduced the pupal weight as occurred with gedunin. cabraleadiol, 3- ...201121812341
a host-plant specialist, helicoverpa assulta, is more tolerant to capsaicin from capsicum annuum than other noctuid species.plant secondary compounds not only play an important role in plant defense, but have been a driving force for host adaptation by herbivores. capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), an alkaloid found in the fruit of capsicum spp. (solanaceae), is responsible for the pungency of hot pepper fruits and is unique to the genus. the oriental tobacco budworm, helicoverpa assulta (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a specialist herbivore feeding on solanaceous plants including capsicum annuum, and is one ...201121704632
susceptibility of mosquito and lepidopteran cell lines to the mosquito iridescent virus (iiv-3) from aedes taeniorhynchus.mosquito iridescent viruses (miv) are members of the genus chloriridovirus that currently contains only the type iiv-3 from aedestaeniorhynchus. the complete genome of invertebrate iridescent virus -3 (iiv-3) has been sequenced and the availability of a tissue culture system would facilitate functional genomic studies. this investigation, using quantitative pcr and electron microscopy, has determined that the mosquito cell lines aedes aegypti (aag2), aedes albopictus (c6/36) and anopheles gambia ...201121741386
induction and detoxification of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones by insect herbivores.in monocotyledonous plants, 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones, also referred to as benzoxazinoids or hydroxamic acids, are one of the most important chemical barriers against herbivores. yet, knowledge about their behavior after attack, mode of action and potential detoxification by specialized insects has remained rudimentary. we chose an innovative analytical approach to understand the role of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones in plant insect interactions. by combining unbiased metabolomics screens and simultan ...201121838747
identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a large burden of disease worldwide. there is no effective vaccine or therapy, and the use of passive immunoprophylaxis with rsv-specific antibodies is limited to high-risk patients. the cellular receptor (or receptors) required for viral entry and replication has yet to be described; its identification will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and provide a target for the development of novel antiviral interventions. here we show ...201121841784
expression and solubilization of insect cell based rabies virus glycoprotein and assessment of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice.rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance worldwide. rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) has been the major target for subunit vaccine development since it harbors domains responsible for induction of virus neutralizing antibodies, infectivity and neurovirulence. the glycoprotein (g) was cloned using baculo virus expression vector system (bevs) and expressed in sf-9 cells. in order to obtain a soluble form of g suitable for experimenting in mice, eighteen ...201121813661
baculovirus iap1 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in insect cells.baculoviruses encode inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps), which are classified into five groups, iap1, iap2, iap3, iap4 and iap5, based on their sequence homology. most of the baculovirus iaps with anti-apoptotic function belong to the iap3 group, with certain exceptions. the functional roles of iaps from other groups in the virus infection have not been well-established. we have previously shown that <em>hyphantria cunea</em> multicapsid npv (hycumnpv) encodes three <em>iap</em> genes, <em>hycu-iap1 ...201121795471
comparative analysis of a highly variable region of the genomes between spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1d (sfav-1d) and sfav-1a.the recently discovered ascoviruses have a worldwide distribution. here we report a new member of the family ascoviridae, spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus-1d (sfav-1d) with a variable region in the genome. restriction fragment length polymorphism, southern hybridization and genome sequencing analyses confirmed that sfav-1d and the earlier reported sfav-1a are closely related but not identical. the genome size of sfav-1d is about 100 kbp which is about 57 kbp smaller than sfav-1a. the sfav-1d geno ...201121832004
a calcium-insensitive attenuated nitrosative stress response contributes significantly in the radioresistance of sf9 insect cells.lepidopteran insects/insect cells display 50-100 times higher radioresistance than humans, and are evolutionarily closest to mammals amongst all radioresistant organisms known. compared to mammalian cells, lepidopteran cells (tn-368, sf9) display more efficient antioxidant system and dna repair and suffer considerably less radiation-induced dna/cytogenetic damage and apoptosis. recent studies indicate that a considerably lower radiation-induced oxidative stress may significantly reduce macromole ...201121658466
low temperature-dependent salmonid alphavirus glycoprotein processing and recombinant virus-like particle formation.pancreas disease (pd) and sleeping disease (sd) are important viral scourges in aquaculture of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. the etiological agent of pd and sd is salmonid alphavirus (sav), an unusual member of the togaviridae (genus alphavirus). sav replicates at lower temperatures in fish. outbreaks of sav are associated with large economic losses of ~17 to 50 million $/year. current control strategies rely on vaccination with inactivated virus formulations that are cumbersome to obtain a ...201121991361
effects of hormone agonists on sf9 cells, proliferation and cell cycle arrest.methoxyfenozide and methoprene are two insecticides that mimic the action of the main hormones involved in the control of insect growth and development, 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. we investigated their effect on the spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cell line. methoxyfenozide was more toxic than methoprene in cell viability tests and more potent in the inhibition of cellular proliferation. cell growth arrest occurred in the g2/m phase after a methoprene treatment and more modestly in g1 af ...201121991338
haplotype identification within spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) corn and rice strains from colombia.the fall army worm spodoptera frugiperda (smith) is a migratory important pest of corn, sorghum, rice, grass and bermudagrass in north and south america. this species has diverged into two genetically differentiated but morphologically identical strains, "the rice" and "the corn". they have been analyzed by sequencing the genes cytochrome oxydase i, ii and its1 from populations from the united states and brazil. however, no such studies were performed in colombia. in here, we identified 43 haplo ...201121952956
Toxic effects of Citrus aurantium and C. limon essential oils on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Citrus aurantium and C. limon were selected in the search for natural plant insecticides. The essential oils of C. aurantium and C. limon and ethanol extracts of the seeds, pulp, albedo, and peel of C. aurantium were incorporated into the larval diet of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Larval and pupal mortality were quantified and adult malformation was observed. C aurantium essential oil had antifeedant action and the mixture of albedo ethanol extract and C aurantium essential oil ...201121941921
transportomics: screening for substrates of abc transporters in body fluids using vesicular transport assays.the atp-binding cassette (abc) genes encode the largest family of transmembrane proteins. abc transporters translocate a wide variety of substrates across membranes, but their physiological function is often incompletely understood. we describe a new method to study the substrate spectrum of abc transporters: we incubate extracts of mouse urine with membrane vesicles prepared from spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells overproducing an abc transporter and determine the compounds transported into ...201122034653
susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) strains from central colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: a study of the genetic basis of resistance.spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important pest of several crops in the western hemisphere. this insect has genetically differentiated into two host-associated populations: the corn (zea mays l.) and the rice (oryza sativa l.) strains. the corn strain also is found in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and sorghum and the rice strain in bermuda grass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.] and millet. in the united states and brazil, lines from corn, rice, bermuda grass, and ...201122066201
the molecular action of the novel insecticide, pyridalyl.pyridalyl is a recently discovered insecticide that exhibits high insecticidal activity against lepidoptera and thysanoptera. pyridalyl action requires cytochrome p450 activity, possibly for production of a bioactive derivative, pyridalyl metabolism being prevented by general p450 inhibitors. apoptosis is apparently not involved in the cytotoxicity. continuous culture of spodoptera frugiperda sf21 cells in sub-lethal doses of pyridalyl, results in a pyridalyl-resistant cell line. probing the mol ...201121497652
multigenic families in ichnovirus: a tissue and host specificity study through expression analysis of vankyrins from hyposoter didymator ichnovirus.the viral ankyrin (vankyrin) gene family is represented in all polydnavirus (pdvs) genomes and encodes proteins homologous to i-kappabs, inhibitors of nf-kappab transcription factors. the structural similarities led to the hypothesis that vankyrins mimic eukaryotic factors to subvert important physiological pathways in the infected host. here, we identified nine vankyrin genes in the genome of the hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (hdiv). time-course gene expression experiments indicate that all me ...201122087334
characterization of cdnas encoding p53 of bombyx mori and spodoptera frugiperda.complementary dnas encoding homologs of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, were characterized from two lepidopteran insects, bombyx mori (bm) and spodoptera frugiperda (sf). they encoded predicted proteins of 368 (41.2 kda) (bm) and 374 (42.5 kda) (sf) amino acids. the sequences shared 44% amino acid and 60% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, but exhibited less than 20% amino acid and 46% nucleotide sequence identity to drosophila melanogaster p53. despite the sequence diversity, conserv ...201121497653
Expression of a secreted version of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus: its evaluation as a diagnostic reagent.The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) constitutes, together with the fusion glycoprotein, the main surface antigen of this avian pathogen, which causes a highly contagious disease, relevant economically worldwide. The purpose of this work was to obtain the HN glycoprotein as a soluble antigen in culture supernatants of recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and to evaluate its application to the development of a recombinant ...201121908282
Baculovirus p35 gene is oppositely regulated by P53 and AP-1 like factors in Spodoptera frugiperda.Baculovirus p35 belongs to the early class of genes of AcMNPV and requires viral factors like Immediate Early protein-1 for its transcription. To investigate the role of host factors in regulating p35 gene expression, the putative transcription factor binding sites were examined in silico and the role of these factors in influencing the transcription of p35 gene was assessed. We focused our studies on AP-1 and P53-like factors, which are activated under oxidative stress conditions. The AP-1 moti ...201121986530
differential activity of multiple saponins against omnivorous insects with varying feeding preferences.a variety of glycosylated and unglycosylated saponins from seven different plant families (aquifoliaceae, asparagaceae, caryophyllaceae, dioscoreaceae, leguminosae, rosaceae, sapindaceae) were tested against the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, and the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. the corn earworm feeds readily on both monocots and dicots, while the fall armyworm is primarily a grass feeder. most of the saponins were similarly effective or ineffective against both insect species, with the ...201121503618
characterization of a cenp-b homolog in the holocentric lepidoptera spodoptera frugiperda.the discovery of an homolog of the human centromeric protein b, cenp-b, in an est database of the holocentric insect species spodoptera frugiperda prompted us to further characterize that gene because i) cenp-b has not been described in invertebrates yet ii) it should be a milestone in the molecular characterization of the holocentric centromere of lepidoptera. like its human counterpart, the sf cenp-b protein is related to the transposase of the pogo transposable element (te) of d. melanogaster ...201121712078
lethal and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on the development, survival and reproduction of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the lethal and sublethal effects of the ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide on the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), were investigated by feeding a methoxyfenozide-treated diet to fifth instars until pupation in doses corresponding to the lc10 and lc25 for the compound. larval mortality reached 8% and 26% in the low and high concentration groups, respectively, on the seventh day of the experiment. a progressive larval mortality of 12% for the lc10 and 60% for the lc25 was observed ...201121437495
synthesis of a combinatorial library of amides and its evaluation against the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda.the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that causes important damage in different regions of america and mainly affects corn crops in both tropical and subtropical areas. currently, control relies on both transgenic plants and/or chemical pesticides. in this work we describe the preparation of an indexed combinatorial library of amides and its toxic effect by contact against s. frugiperda . (e)-1-(1-piperidinyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-propen-1-one was the most act ...201121443174
Spatial patterns of aflatoxin levels in relation to ear-feeding insect damage in pre-harvest corn.Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatoxin contamination and insect damage were sampled before harvest in three 0.4-hectare corn fields using a ...201122069748
production and purification of human papillomavirus type 33 l1 virus-like particles from spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells using two-step column chromatography.the major capsid protein l1 of human papillomavirus (hpv) is essential in construction of recombinant antigen vaccines against cervical cancer. hpv type 33 accounts for about 10% of all hpv infections in asia. the gene encoding the major capsid protein l1 of the high-risk hpv type 33 was isolated from a korean patient and expressed in sf-9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. hpv33 l1 protein was isolated by two-step chromatographic purification using strong-cation exchange and ce ...201120716445
comparative transient expression assay analysis of hycu-hr6- and ie1-dependent regulation of baculovirus gp64 early promoters in three insect cell lines.we previously demonstrated that the hyphantria cunea multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hycumnpv) gp64 gene (hycu-gp64) is uniquely localized on the viral genome with a large homologous region of 1582bp, hycu-hr6, immediately upstream of the hycu-gp64 gene. in the present study, we compared the regulation of gp64 early promoters from hycumnpv, autographa californica multicapsid npv (acmnpv) and bombyx mori npv (bmnpv) by cis-acting hycu-hr6 and trans-acting ie1s in three cell lines (spodoptera fr ...201120837073
recombinant scorpion insect excitatory toxin bmk it accelerates the growth of insect spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells.several scorpion insect toxins are selectively active on the lepidopterous and dipterous insects. the gene encoding insect excitatory neurotoxin (bmk it) from the scorpion buthus martensii karsch was expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) at a high level of 3 mg/0.5 l using the prokaryotic expression system ptwin1. colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt), whole-cell patch-clamp technique and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate the toxicity of ...201121240544
development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a* accumulating in chloroplasts.an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35. of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3a* or tvip3a* gene. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) we ...201121246398
comprehensive analysis of host gene expression in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells.autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the best-studied baculovirus and most commonly used virus vector for baculovirus expression vector systems. the effect of acmnpv infection on host cells is incompletely understood. a microarray based on spodoptera frugiperda ests was used to investigate the impact of acmnpv on host gene expression in cultured s. frugiperda, sf21 cells. most host genes were down-regulated over the time course of infection, although a small number ...201121276998
small microcapsules of crystal proteins and spores of bacillus thuringiensis by an emulsification/internal gelation method.this paper describes a microencapsulation process of a spore crystal aggregate produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1. the methodology is based on the emulsification/internal gelation method, and was implemented to produce microcapsules of small diameter (< 10 µm) with the capacity to protect the spore crystal aggregate from extreme ultraviolet radiation. the diameter of microcapsules was in the range of 3.1 ± 0.2-6.8 ± 0.4 µm, which is considered adequate for biological control p ...201121344251
reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase are common to lepidopteran strains resistant to cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis.development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive dna-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to bt toxins in natural populations. we report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (malp) as a common feature in strains of cry-resistant heliothis ...201121390253
belowground resistance to western corn rootworm in lepidopteran-resistant maize genotypes.several maize, zea mays l., inbred lines developed from an antiguan maize population have been shown to exhibit resistance to numerous aboveground lepidopteran pests. this study shows that these genotypes are able to significantly reduce the survival of two root feeding pests, western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, and southern corn rootworm, diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi barber. the results also demonstrated that feeding by the aboveground herbivore fall armyworm, s ...201121404871
receptor for activated c kinase-1 protein from penaeus monodon (pm-rack1) participates in the shrimp antioxidant response.cellular oxidative stress responses are caused in many ways, but especially by disease and environmental stress. after the initial burst of reactive oxygen species (ros), the effective elimination of ros is crucial for the survival of organisms and is mediated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. in this paper, we investigate the possible antioxidant function of penaeus monodon receptor for activated c kinase-1 (pm-rack1). when pm-rack1 was over-expressed in escherichia coli cells or spodoptera fr ...201121439997
lepidopteran transcriptome analysis following infection by phylogenetically unrelated polydnaviruses highlights differential and common responses.the polydnaviridae is a family of double-stranded dna viruses that are symbionts of parasitoid wasps. the family is currently divided into two genera, the ichnovirus (iv) and bracovirus (bv), which are associated with wasps in the families ichneumonidae and braconidae, respectively. ivs and bvs have similar immunosuppressive and developmental effects on parasitized hosts but their encapsidated genomes largely encode different genes. to assess whether iv and bv infection has similar or disparate ...201121457783
allochronic separation versus mate choice: nonrandom patterns of mating between fall armyworm host strains.assortative mating may result from intrinsic individual mating preferences or from assortment traits not requiring expression of preferences. assortment traits are phenotypes expressed in both sexes that enhance the probability of encountering individuals possessing similar trait values. in the noctuid moth spodoptera frugiperda, it has been suggested that nonrandom mating between two host strains is caused by a temporal assortment trait-that is, differential timing of calling and copulation dur ...201121460569
insect cells for antibody production: evaluation of an efficient alternative.in recent years there has been an increase in both availability and demand for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. currently, most of these antibodies are produced by stably transfected mammalian cells. in this study we evaluated the use of different baculoviral insect cell systems as an alternative for commonly used production schemes. we expressed the human anti-gp41 antibody 3d6 in spodoptera frugiperda sf9, trichoplusia ni bti-tn5b1-4 "high five", and spodoptera frugiperda sfswt-1 "mimic™(") ...201121477625
oviposition by a moth suppresses constitutive and herbivore-induced plant volatiles in maize.plant volatiles function as important signals for herbivores, parasitoids, predators, and neighboring plants. herbivore attack can dramatically increase plant volatile emissions in many species. however, plants do not only react to herbivore-inflicted damage, but also already start adjusting their metabolism upon egg deposition by insects. several studies have found evidence that egg deposition itself can induce the release of volatiles, but little is known about the effects of oviposition on th ...201121509694
bioenergy crops miscanthus x giganteus and panicum virgatum reduce growth and survivorship of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).large-scale cultivation of plants used as biofuels is likely to alter the ecological interactions of current agricultural crops and their insect pests in a myriad of ways. recent evidence suggests many contemporary maize pests will be able to use potential biofuel crops such as switchgrass, panicum virgatum l., and miscanthus as hosts. to determine how suitable these biofuels are to the maize, zea mays l., pest and generalist graminivore, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuid ...201121510193
insecticide selectivity to two species of trichogramma in three different hosts, as determined by iobc/wprs methodology.background: the use of trichogramma species is a potential key strategy in integrated pest management. however, its effectiveness depends on the use of chemicals that do not interfere with parasitism and parasite population growth. here, a study was made of the effects of synthetic insecticides on trichogramma pretiosum and trichogramma exiguum in different hosts (ephestia kuehniella, plutella xylostella and spodoptera frugiperda) and the influence of international organisation for biological co ...201121858909
protective efficacy of anopheles minimus cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3 against cytotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. the increased mrna expression of two p450 genes, cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant anopheles minimus, a major malaria vector in southeast asia, suggesting their role in detoxification of ...201122041748
expression, purification, electron microscopy, n-glycosylation mutagenesis and molecular modeling of human p2x4 and dictyostelium discoideum p2xa.the recent publication of the apo-, closed-state 3d crystal structure of zebrafish (zf) p2x4.1 has not only revolutionized the p2x research field, but also highlighted the need for further crystal structures, of receptors in different activation states, so that we can gain a complete molecular understanding of ion channel function. zfp2x4.1 was selected as a 3d-crystallization candidate because of its ability to form stable trimers in detergent solution, and purified from over-expression in bacu ...201121889489
new insights into the induction of the heat shock proteins in baculovirus infected insect cells.eight members of the hsp/hsc70 family were identified in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infected with autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) by 2d electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (maldi/tof) and a mascot search. the family includes five hsp70s induced by acmnpv-infection and three constitutive cognate hsc70s that remained abundant in infected cells. confocal microscopy revealed dynamic changes in subcellular localization of hsp/hsc70s in the course of infect ...201121982219
Co-interactive DNA-binding between a novel, immunophilin-like shrimp protein and VP15 nucleocapsid protein of white spot syndrome virus.White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious pathogens of penaeid shrimp. Although its genome has been completely characterized, the functions of most of its putative proteins are not yet known. It has been suggested that the major nucleocapsid protein VP15 is involved in packaging of the WSSV genome during virion formation. However, little is known in its relationship with shrimp host cells. Using the yeast two-hybrid approach to screen a shrimp lymphoid organ (LO) cDNA library f ...201121980453
correlation of lncr rasirnas expression with heterochromatin formation during development of the holocentric insect spodoptera frugiperda.repeat-associated small interfering rnas (rasirnas) are derived from various genomic repetitive elements and ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous transposable elements. here we describe a novel subset of 46 rasirnas named lncr rasirnas due to their homology with one long non-coding rna (lncr) of spodoptera frugiperda. lncr operates as the intermediate of an unclassified transposable element (te-lncr). te-lncr is a very invasive transposable element, present in high copy numbers in th ...201121980354
baculovirus infection induces a dna damage response that is required for efficient viral replication.several mammalian viruses have been shown to induce a cellular dna damage response during replication, and in some cases, this response is required for optimal virus replication. however, nothing is known about whether a dna damage response is stimulated by dna viruses in invertebrates. cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are two of the downstream effects of the dna damage response, and both are stimulated by baculovirus infection, suggesting a possible relationship between baculoviruses and the dna ...201121917957
Plasmid patterns of efficient and inefficient strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Bacillus thuringiensis harbors genes encoding Cry proteins found in chromosomes or plasmids of different sizes (4-150 Mb). Although the smaller plasmids are more abundant in B. thuringiensis, their specific function is unknown. As for the megaplasmids, their main recognized function is to harbor cry genes, although the sequencing of some of these plasmids indicates the occurrence of other important genes. This work used a new protocol for practical and rapid extraction of plasmid DNA in order to ...201122068947
quantitative proteomics of spodoptera frugiperda cells during growth and baculovirus infection.baculovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells is a system of choice to produce a range of recombinant proteins, vaccines and, potentially, gene therapy vectors. while baculovirus genomes are well characterized, the genome of s. frugiperda is not sequenced and the virus-host molecular interplay is sparsely known. herein, we describe the application of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac) to obtain the first comparative proteome quantitation of s. frugiperda cells ...201122039490
manduca sexta moricin promoter elements can increase promoter activities of drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes.insects produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides (amps). induction of insect amp genes is regulated by the toll and imd (immune deficiency) pathways via nf-κb and gata factors. little is known about species-specific regulation of amp genes. in this report, we showed that activities of most manduca sexta and drosophila melanogaster amp gene promoters were regulated in a species-specific manner in drosophila (dipteran) s2 cells and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidopteran) sf9 cells. a κb-gata eleme ...201122005212
development of quenching and washing protocols for quantitative intracellular metabolite analysis of uninfected and baculovirus-infected insect cells.metabolomics refer to the global analysis of small molecule metabolites in a biological system, and can be a powerful tool to elucidate and optimize cellular processes, particularly when integrated into a systems biology framework. determining the endometabolome in cultured animal cells is especially challenging, due to the conflicting demands for rapid quenching of metabolism and retention of membrane integrity, while cells are separated from the complex medium. the challenge is magnified in vi ...201122166686
Effects of Cyanogenic Plants on Fitness in Two Host Strains of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).The generalist moth, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) consists of two genetic subgroups (host strains) that differ in their distribution among host plant species. The corn strain prefers crop plants such as corn, sorghum, and cotton, while the rice strain is found in small grasses such as Cynodon spp. and rice. Little is known about the physiological factors that drive this host preference. Here, we report a feeding study with natural host plants and an artificial diet containing cyanide. We ...201122173887
identification of specific sites in the third intracellular loop and carboxyl terminus of the bombyx mori pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor crucial for ligand-induced internalization.sex pheromone production in most moths is mediated by the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (pbanr). using fluorescent bombyx mori pbanr (bmpbanr) chimeras to study pbanr regulation, we previously showed that bmpbanr undergoes rapid ligand-induced internalization, that the endocytotic motif resides between residues 358-367 of the bmpbanr c terminus, and that the internalization pathway is clathrin-dependent. here, we sought to expand our understanding of the molecular mecha ...201121955122
the catalytic and other residues essential for the activity of the midgut trehalase from spodoptera frugiperda.trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28) hydrolyzes only α, α'- trehalose and is present in a variety of organisms, but is most important in insects and fungi. crystallographic data showed that bacterial trehalase has d312 and e496 as the catalytical residues and three arg residues in the active site. those residues have homologous in all family 37 trehalases including spodoptera frugiperda trehalase (d322, e520, r169, r227, r287). to test the role of these residues, mutants of trehalase were produced. all mutan ...201020691783
recombinant peroxidase production in species of lepidoptera frequently found in argentina.horseradish peroxidase isozyme c (hrpc) is an important commercial biocatalyst. in this study, a screening of different lepidopteran species frequently found in argentina to produce this protein was carried out. two recombinant viruses were constructed: acmnpv hrpc polyhedrin-minus (occ-), an intrahemocelical infective virus; and acmnpv hrpc polyhedrin-plus (occ+), to achieve an oral infective baculovirus. each lepidopteran species was infected either with acmnpv hrpc occ- or acmnpv hrpc occ+ an ...201020615485
geraniinic acid derivative from the leaves of phyllanthus reticulatus.chemical constituents as well as cytotoxic and insecticidal activity of the crude methanol extract from the leaves of phyllanthus reticulatus poir. (euphorbiaceae) were investigated. (5r*,6r*)-4,6-dimethoxycarbonyl-5-[2',3',4'-trihydroxy-6'-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2h-pyran-2-one (1) along with 3,4,3'-tri-o-methylellagic acid, and methyl gallate were isolated from the dichloromethane extract. determination of their structures was based on spectroscopic analysis. compound 1 possessed ...201020645770
synergistic effects of amides from two piper species on generalist and specialist herbivores.plants use a diverse mix of defenses against herbivores, including multiple secondary metabolites, which often affect herbivores synergistically. chemical defenses also can affect natural enemies of herbivores via limiting herbivore populations or by affecting herbivore resistance to parasitoids. in this study, we performed feeding experiments to examine the synergistic effects of imides and amides (hereafter "amides") from piper cenocladum and p. imperiale on specialist (eois nympha, geometrida ...201020809141
selective effects of natural and synthetic insecticides on mortality of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and its predator eriopis connexa (coleoptera: coccinellidae).spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a serious pest of corn in several american countries. it is mainly controlled with synthetic insecticides. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the natural products, neem oil and pyroligneous extract, and the synthetic insecticide, lufenuron, at 2.50 ml water (0.25%) on the mortality of 2-, 4- and 6-day-old caterpillars of s. frugiperda, and their selectivities against fourth instar larvae of eriopis connnexa germar ...201020603748
functional and biochemical properties of mal de río cuarto virus (fijivirus, reoviridae) p9-1 viroplasm protein show further similarities to animal reovirus counterparts.mal de río cuarto virus (mrcv) is a plant virus of the genus fijivirus within the family reoviridae that infects several monocotyledonous species and is transmitted by planthoppers in a persistent and propagative manner. other members of the family replicate in viral inclusion bodies (vibs) termed viroplasms that are formed in the cytoplasm of infected plant and insect cells. in this study, the protein coded by the first orf of mrcv segment s9 (p9-1) was shown to establish cytoplasmic inclusion ...201020600394
characterization of a β-1,3-glucanase active in the alkaline midgut of spodoptera frugiperda larvae and its relation to β-glucan-binding proteins.spodoptera frugiperda β-1,3-glucanase (slam) was purified from larval midgut. it has a molecular mass of 37.5 kda, an alkaline optimum ph of 9.0, is active against β-1,3-glucan (laminarin), but cannot hydrolyze yeast β-1,3-1,6-glucan or other polysaccharides. the enzyme is an endoglucanase with low processivity (0.4), and is not inhibited by high concentrations of substrate. in contrast to other digestive β-1,3-glucanases from insects, slam is unable to lyse saccharomyces cerevisae cells. the cd ...201020816775
fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance.endophytic fungal symbionts of grasses are well known for their protective benefit of herbivory reduction. however, the majority of studies on endophyte-grass symbioses have been conducted on economically important, agricultural species-particularly tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)-raising the hypothesis that strong benefits are the product of artificial selection. we examined whether fungal endophytes found in natural populations of native grass species ...201020585809
host plant association and genetic differentiation of corn and rice strains of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in colombia.spodoptera frugiperda (smith) is a polifagous insect of major economic impact in the western hemisphere and exhibits two strains (i.e., corn and rice) that are morphologically identical but differ in ecology, genetics and physiology. in this work we identified these strains and their respective hybrids by using a pcr-rflp of the coi gene and pcr of the tandem region fr. moreover, we performed a population structure analysis by using 253 larvae from tolima, a region where s. frugiperda is a pest ...201021271059
[oviposition, development, and reproduction of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fed on different hosts of economic importance].the host selection for oviposition by spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) among corn, millet, cotton and soybean, and its relationship with the biological characteristics were investigated. free and non-choice tests for oviposition using plots containing five plants each, from each host in plastic greenhouse, resulted in similar oviposition preference among the host plants. in addition, selected biological characteristics of s. frugiperda were determined in the laboratory with larvae feeding on h ...201021271070
trichoplusia ni cells (high five) are highly efficient for the production of influenza a virus-like particles: a comparison of two insect cell lines as production platforms for influenza vaccines.virus-like particles (vlps) consisting of the influenza a virus proteins haemagglutinin (ha) and matrix protein (m1) represent a new alternative approach for vaccine design against influenza virus. influenza vlps can be fast and easily produced in sufficient amounts in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. up to now, influenza vlps have been produced in the spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf9. we compared vlp production in terms of yield and quality in two insect cell lines, name ...201020300881
enhanced expression of recombinant proteins utilizing a modified baculovirus expression vector.the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) has been widely used for over-expressing eukaryotic proteins due to a close resemblance in post-translational modification, processing, and transportation properties of the expressed protein, to that of the mammalian cells. in comparison to the bacterial expression system, protein yield from bevs is relatively low, resulting in higher cost of production. to improve the existing recombinant protein expression levels, baculovirus homologous region1 ( ...201020424933
puerto rico fall armyworm has only limited interactions with those from brazil or texas but could have substantial exchanges with florida populations.fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest that is endemic to puerto rico and the rest of the caribbean islands. relatively little is known about the population movements of fall armyworm in the caribbean and the magnitude of genetic interactions, if any, with populations from north, south, and central america. to address this issue, a novel method involving mitochondrial haplotype ratios currently being used to study the migrati ...201020429449
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