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comprehensive review of ocular angiostrongyliasis with special reference to optic neuritis.angiostrongyliasis, caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, is a food-borne parasitic disease. its larvae evoke eosinophilic inflammation in the central nervous system, but can also cause pathological changes in the eyes. among ocular angiostrongyliasis cases, the incidence of optic neuritis is low and only few sporadic reports exist. some patients with optic neuritis developed obvious hypopsia or even vision loss, which would seriously influence the quality of life of patients. prompt ...201324516263
severe form of radiculo - myelo - neuropathy with meningo - encephalitis secondary to angiostrongylus cantonensis infection: unusual corpus callosal lesions and serial magnetic resonance imaging findings.a 43-year-old man presented with the symptoms of recurrent lower abdominal pain, malaise and loss of appetite of 3-week duration, followed by acute onset of generalized paresthesias, fever and headache which progressed over few days to quadriparesis, altered sensorium, urinary and fecal incontinence. he had consumed raw tongue, liver, gall bladder and testicles of monitor lizard (varanus bengalensis). blood picture showed eosinophilia and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis revealed elevated prot ...201324005735
patent angiostrongylus mackerrasae infection in a black flying fox (pteropus alecto).a wild adult male black flying fox (pteropus alecto) was presented unable to fly or hang strongly.201323980828
angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematode: metastrongiloidea): in vitro cultivation of infective third-stage larvae to fourth-stage larvae.the present study to attempt to cultivate angiostrongylus cantonensis from third-stage larvae (acl3) to fourth-stage larvae (acl4) in vitro in defined complete culture medium that contained with minimum essential medium eagle (mem), supplemented amino acid (aa), amine (am), fatty acid (fa), carbohydrate (ca) and 20% fetal calf serum (fcs) was successful. when acl3 were cultured in the defined complete culture medium at 37°c in a 5% co2 atmosphere, the larvae began to develop to acl4 after 30 day ...201323977214
[prevalence of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in snails for sale in fuzhou and xiamen].to investigate the prevalence of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in snails for sale from fuzhou and xiamen of fujian province.201324818414
il-33 mediates the expressions of il-5 and il-13 in angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the major cause of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. c57bl/6 mice were experimentally infected with 35 infectious larvae. two groups of infected mice received intraperitoneal injections of mouse il-33 (1μg) or anti-il-33 monoclonal antibody (mab) (10μg) 3days post infection (dpi) and subsequent booster shots of the same dose at 5day intervals. blood samples from each group were collected weekly for assays. ige levels were significantly increased in all infect ...201324076431
study of the endoparasitic fauna of commensal rats and shrews caught in traditional wet markets in taichung city, taiwan.rats live in close proximity to human populations. feral rodents are known to transmit diseases and act as reservoir hosts to many zoonotic parasites that pose health risks to humans. the aim of this study is to investigate endoparasitic infections in commensal rats and shrews caught in traditional wet markets in taichung city, taiwan.201322516746
differential proteomics analysis of female and male adults of angiostrongylus cantonensis.in this study, we identified the differentially expressed proteins of female and male adults of angiostrongylus cantonensis through differential proteomics. we extracted and purified total proteins from male and female adults, separated proteins by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) in ph 4-7, analyzed the gel images by decyder 7.0 software, and sacrificed the infected rats to count the number of male and female adults. it was found 28 protein spots that were differentially ...201222504144
twenty two cases of canine neural angiostronglyosis in eastern australia (2002-2005) and a review of the literature.cases of canine neural angiostrongylosis (na) with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) evaluations in the peer-reviewed literature were tabulated. all cases were from australia. a retrospective cohort of 59 dogs was contrasted with a series of 22 new cases where na was diagnosed by the presence of both eosinophilic pleocytosis and anti-angiostrongylus cantonensis immunloglobulins (igg) in csf, determined by elisa or western blot. both cohorts were drawn from south east queensland and sydney. the retrospec ...201222480148
effects of infection by larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda, metastrongylidae) on the metabolism of the experimental intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata.the effect of infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata were investigated. the snails were dissected after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of infection to collect the hemolymph. the infection by a. cantonensis induced severe changes in the host snail's metabolism, triggering physiological mechanisms to minimize th ...201222429660
in vitro study of the effects of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae extracts on apoptosis and dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier (bbb).it has been hypothesized that blood-brain barrier (bbb) dysfunction in angiostrongylus cantonensis infection might be due to the apoptosis of the hosts' bbb cells. here, we evaluated this hypothesis through several methods, all based on an in vitro mouse bbb model consisting of primary culture brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmecs) and brain astrocytic cells (bacs). in the present study, a four-hour percolation and hrp permeability experiment showed that a. cantonensis larvae extracts can ...201222393387
phylogenetic relationships of rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis, isolated from different geographical regions revealed widespread multiple lineages.we conducted a pilot survey of genetic variation of a. cantonensis using small subunit (ssu) ribosomal (r) rna and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coxi) gene sequences. two distinct ssu genotypes (g1 and g2) were identified among 17 individual a. cantonensis worms from 17 different geographical localities in japan, mainland china, taiwan, and thailand. the partial coxi sequences were determined for 83 worms from 18 different geographical localities from japan, mainland china, taiwa ...201222387862
interface molecules of angiostrongylus cantonensis: their role in parasite survival and modulation of host defenses.angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode parasite that causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. disease presents following the ingestion of third-stage larvae residing in the intermediate mollusk host and disease manifests as an acute inflammation of the meninges characterized by eosinophil infiltrates which release a battery of proinflammatory and cytotoxic agents in response to the pathogen. as a mechanism of neutralizing these host defenses, a. cantonensis expresses different molec ...201222536544
angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematode: metastrongyloidea) in molluscs from harbour areas in brazil.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common aetiological agent of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. following a report indicating the presence of this parasite in brazil in 2007, the present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of a. cantonensis in the surrounding brazilian port areas. in total, 30 ports were investigated and the following molluscs were identified: achatina fulica, belocaulus sp., bradybaena similaris sp., cyclodontina sp., helix sp., leptinaria sp., melampu ...201222990962
a protein microarray for the rapid screening of patients suspected of infection with various food-borne helminthiases.food-borne helminthiases (fbhs) have become increasingly important due to frequent occurrence and worldwide distribution. there is increasing demand for developing more sensitive, high-throughput techniques for the simultaneous detection of multiple parasitic diseases due to limitations in differential clinical diagnosis of fbhs with similar symptoms. these infections are difficult to diagnose correctly by conventional diagnostic approaches including serological approaches.201223209851
first report of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the giant african land snail achatina fulica in french polynesia detected using the ssu rrna gene.the 5' end of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene was used to determine whether 3rd larval stage angiostrongylus cantonensis are present in populations of the giant african land snail achatina fulica from french polynesia. two populations, one from moaroa valley, tahiti (n=5) and the other from haapiti valley, moorea (n=10), were examined. all snails from tahiti were infected with nematodes, with parasite load ranging from 12 to 28. a total of 92 nematodes were found, of which 91 were positivel ...201223202611
[investigation on spread and hazards of human parasites in qushui village, suixi county, zhanjiang city].to understand the transmission of human parasites in qushui village, yangqing town, suixi county, zhanjing city, guangdong province.201223236799
[investigation on food contamination with parasites in shanghai market].to understand the contamination status of food with parasites in shanghai market, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the surveillance strategy in parasitic diseases and provide the technical support in the food safety.201223236784
cathepsin b-like and hemoglobin-type cysteine proteases: stage-specific gene expression in angiostrongy cantonensis.three cysteine protease genes, cathepsin b-like enzyme gene 1, 2 (ac-cathb-1, ac-cathb-2) and hemoglobin-type cysteine protease gene (ac-hem) were isolated and described from angiostrongylus cantonensis adult. the deduced amino acid sequence of ac-cathb-1 and ac-cathb-2 contain all of the conserved regions of cathepsin b. ac-cathb-2 is similar to a host intrusion-related cysteine protease b from parelaphostrongylus tenuis, and the ac-hem shares high similarity to legumain from haemonchus contort ...201222668746
enzootic angiostrongyliasis in guangzhou, china, 2008-2010.this study was conducted to gain an understanding of the angiostrongylus cantonensis infection status of rodent definitive host, snail intermediate host, and local residents in guangzhou, china. a total of 430 rats were captured and 23 rats, from two species, were infected, with an average infection rate of 5.35%. a total of 795 achatina fulica snails and 734 pomacea canaliculata snails were collected. the average infection rates of these two species were 13.96% (111 of 795) and 1.50% (11 of 734 ...201222556086
[analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigen and its immunodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis infection].to analyze the diagnostic value of larval excretory-secretory antigen in angiostrongylus cantonensis (lesa) infection.201222543125
effects of age and splenectomy on heavy infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.this study was designed to determine the effects of age and the role of spleen in rats with heavy angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. young rats (8 weeks) infected with 100 larvae were found to have significantly higher worm recovery rate (75.0±6.6%) than the adult (6 months) (55.7±1.5%) and the aging ones (13 months) (57.6±4.0%). moreover, the recovery rate in adult rats with 400 larvae (33.6±10.67%) was significantly lower than those with 100 larvae (55.7±1.53%) or 200 larvae (53.3±5.4%). t ...201222542800
population structure of angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastrongylidae) in thailand based on pcr-rapd markers.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the causative agent of angiostrongyliasis, which is widely distributed throughout the world. it can specifically infect many species of intermediate and definitive hosts. this study examined the genetic differentiation and population structure using the rapd-pcr method of parasites obtained from 8 different geographical areas of thailand. based on 8 primers, high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of gene flow among populations were found. using genetic dis ...201223077835
corticosteroids for parasitic eosinophilic meningitis.angiostrongylus cantonensis (a. cantonensis) is the major cause of infectious eosinophilic meningitis. dead larvae of this parasite cause inflammation and exacerbate symptoms of meningitis. corticosteroids are drugs used to reduce inflammation caused by this parasite.201223076953
[application of pcr and pcr-derived technologies in the detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis].angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic disease and has become one of the potentially threatening food-borne parasitic infections in china. this article reviews the advances in the application of pcr and pcr-derived techniques in detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis.201223072167
phylogenetic relationship of the brazilian isolates of the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastrongylidae) employing mitochondrial coi gene sequence data.the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. this nematode's main definitive hosts are rodents and its intermediate hosts are snails. this parasite was first described in china and currently is dispersed across several pacific islands, asia, australia, africa, some caribbean islands and most recently in the americas. here, we report the genetic variability among a. cantonensis isolates from different geographical locations in brazil using mit ...201223130987
trichinella spiralis: monoclonal antibody against the muscular larvae for the detection of circulating and fecal antigens in experimentally infected rats.in this work we search for antigens of trichinella spiralis in sera and stool of rats experimentally infected. the kinetic of antibodies to excretory and secretory (es) antigens of muscle larvae (ml) was also determined. wistar rats were infected with 15 ml per gram of body weight and blood samples were collected weekly for 10 weeks. antibodies were studied using an indirect elisa. for detection of circulating antigens and coproantigens, a sandwich elisa was developed with the use of polyclonal ...201223026455
[investigation on snails achatina fulica and pomacea canaliculata infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis in panyu region of guangzhou city].to understand the natural infection status of angiostrongylus cantonensis in snails achatina fulica and pomacea canaliculata from panyu region of guangzhou city.201223012963
the 31-kda antigen of angiostrongylus cantonensis comprises distinct antigenic glycoproteins.human angiostrongyliasis results from accidental infection with angiostrongylus, an intra-arterial nematode. angiostrongylus cantonensis infections result in eosinophilic meningitis, and a. costaricensis infections cause eosinophilic enteritis. immunological methodologies are critical to the diagnosis of both infections, since these parasites cannot be isolated from fecal matter and are rarely found in cerebrospinal fluid samples. a. costaricensis and a. cantonensis share common antigenic epitop ...201222925026
[magnetic resonance imaging expression of central nervous system due to angiostrongyliasis cantonensis].to analyze the mri characteristics of the central nervous system (cns) due to infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis.201222913191
quantitative pcr estimates angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) infection levels in semi-slugs (parmarion martensi).the life cycle of the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis involves rats as the definitive host and slugs and snails as intermediate hosts. humans can become infected upon ingestion of intermediate or paratenic (passive carrier) hosts containing stage l3 a. cantonensis larvae. here, we report a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay that provides a reliable, relative measure of parasite load in intermediate hosts. quantification of the levels of infection of intermediate hosts is critical for determining ...201222902292
[a review of researches on angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis cantonensis: analysis of related literatures].angiostrongylus cantonensis is a lung worm of rat (definitive host). human, an abnormal host, can acquire the infection by ingesting food containing the infective larvae of this worm (third-stage larvae). although the larvae cannot develop into adult worm in human body, it moves to human brain and eyes, causing eosinophilic meningitis (em), meningoencephalitis, or ocular angiostrongyliasis (oa). here we review papers related to angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongyliasis cantonensis which ...201222799177
differences of larval development and pathological changes in permissive and nonpermissive rodent hosts for angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.angiostrongylus cantonensis is a neurotrophic and pulmonary parasite which causes severe neuropathological damages by invading and developing in the central nervous system (cns). nonpermissive host with a. cantonensis infection appeared to have more serious neurologic symptoms, and there is still not much knowledge about the host-parasite interrelationship in different hosts. we investigated and compared the larval size, recovery rate, distribution, and the severity of pathologic injuries in the ...201222777701
different intrathecal immunoglobulins synthesis patterns in human host indicate different strains of angiostrongylus cantonensis.eosinophilic meningitis is an emerging disease in western hemisphere produced by angiostrongylus cantonensis. it was first reported in cuba in 1981, later was spreading for the caribbean basin and recently in ecuador. ecuadorians have typical intrathecal major immunoglobulins synthesis patterns that are different to cuban ones. there is a molecular differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of three a. cantonensis geographical isolates. differentiation in the neuroimmunological patterns foun ...201222683444
Monoclonal antibody 12D5 inhibits eosinophil infiltration in the brain of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected BALB/c mice.Each of BALB/c mice was infected with 50 Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae. One group of mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 50µg 12D5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a 98kDa antigen of adult worms at 10 days post-infection (dpi), with a booster injection of 25µg at 12dpi. Five mice from each group were sacrificed at 14dpi for pathological examination and RNA extraction. The infiltration of eosinophils and severity of eosinophilic meningitis were reduced in 12D5 mAb-treated mice com ...201222074686
cloning and characterization of a novel cathepsin b-like cysteine proteinase from angiostrongylus cantonensis.cysteine protease plays a key role in host-parasite interactions. in this study, we identified a novel gene encoding a cathepsin b-like cysteine protease (accbl1) from the cdna library of angiostrongysus cantonensis fourth-stage larvae (l4) and characterized its biological role in the parasite. sequence and phylogeny analysis showed that accbl1 is related to other cathepsin b family members with the conserved catalytic triad (cys, his, asn) and diagnostic occluding loop. in addition, the sequenc ...201222215189
molecular characterization and immunolocalization of a protein disulfide isomerase from angiostrongylus cantonensis.protein disulfide isomerases (pdis), belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily, are oxidoreductases that catalyze the formation, reduction, and isomerization of disulfide bonds among cysteine residues of proteins. in this study, we report the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a protein disulfide isomerase (acpdi) from a cdna library of fourth-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis. the deduced amino acid sequence contains two thioredoxin domains and exhibits high identity to th ...201222218922
frontiers of parasitology research in the people's republic of china: infection, diagnosis, protection and surveillance.control and eventual elimination of human parasitic diseases in the people's republic of china (p.r. china) requires novel approaches, particularly in the areas of diagnostics, mathematical modelling, monitoring, evaluation, surveillance and public health response. a comprehensive effort, involving the collaboration of 188 scientists (>85% from p.r. china) from 48 different institutions and universities (80% from p.r. china), covers this collection of 29 articles published in parasites & vectors ...201223036110
the complete mitochondrial genome of the rodent intra-arterial nematodes angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongylus costaricensis.the two rodent intra-arterial nematodes, angiostrongylus cantonensis and angiostrongylus costaricensis, can cause human ill-health. the present study aimed to characterize and compare the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of these two species, and clarify their phylogenetic relationship and the position in the phylum nematoda. the complete mt genomes of a. cantonensis and a. costaricensis are 13,497 and 13,585 bp in length, respectively. hence, they are the smallest in the class of chromadorea characte ...201222246368
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp): early detection of toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.abstract: background: toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic parasitic disease that occurs in both animals and humans. traditional molecular assays are often difficult to perform, especially for the early diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infections. here, we established a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting the 529 bp repeat element (529 bp-lamp) to detect t. gondii dna in blood samples of experimental mice infected with tachyzoites of the rh strain. findings: the assay was pe ...201222214421
degradation of human matrix metalloprotease-9 by secretory metalloproteases of angiostrongylus cantonensis infective stage.angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is the major cause of eosinophilic meningitis. successful migration and evasion of the immune system by infective-stage larvae (l3) rely heavily on secreted proteases, which activate human pro-matrix metalloprotease (mmp-9) into active mmp-9. this study showed that the proteases in excretory-secretory (es) products of a. cantonensis third stage larvae degraded recombinant and native human prommp-9 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. protease inhibitory ass ...201223431816
Characterization of Angiostrongylus cantonensis excretory-secretory proteins as potential diagnostic targets.Angiostrongyliasis results from infections with intra-arterial nematodes that accidentally infect humans. Specifically, infections with Angiostrongylus cantonensis cause eosinophilic meningitis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis infections result in eosinophilic enteritis. Immunological tests are the primary means of diagnosing infections with either pathogen since these parasites are usually not recoverable in fecal or cerebrospinal fluid. However, well-defined, purified antigens are not current ...201222019415
epidemic status of angiostrongylus cantonensis in hainan island, china.to understand the current epidemiological status of angiostrongylus cantonensis in hainan island and provide the scientific evidences for prevention and control of the disease.201121771469
human ocular angiostrongyliasis: a literature review.human ocular angiostrongyliasis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in the eye is a very rare condition. until now, there has been no comprehensive analysis of this disease. we searched and analysed the references found on the internet that refer to human ocular angiostrongyliasis and reviewed the aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment of the condition. twenty-six references were found reporting 35 patients from 10 countries that were diagnosed with ...201121296846
epidemiological survey of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the west-central region of guangdong province, china.the study was to understand the angiostrongylus cantonensis infectious situation of rodent definitive host, snail intermediate host, and local residents in the west-central region of guangdong province in china. the snails achatina fulica and pomacea canaliculata collected from the survey place were digested with artificial gastric juice, and the third-stage larvae of a. cantonensis in the snails were examined under microscope. the heart and lung of rats captured from the survey place were taken ...201121301874
molecular cloning and characterization of a cathepsin b from angiostrongylus cantonensis.cysteine proteases, a superfamily of hydrolytic enzymes, have numerous functions in parasites. here, we reported the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a cathepsin b (accpb) from angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth-stage larvae cdna library. the deduced amino acid sequence analysis indicated accpb is related to other cathepsin b family members with an overall conserved architecture. accpb is evolutionarily more close to other parasitic nematode cathepsin b than the ones from hosts, s ...201121344211
a transcriptomic study on the pepsin-activated infective larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis.to investigate the pepsin-activated infective (third-stage) larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis at the transcriptomic level, 1496 ests were generated from a cdna library and clustered into 161 contigs and 757 singletons. among these unigenes, 54.5% had significant sequence homology with known proteins. the most abundantly expressed transcripts were cathepsin b-like cysteine protease 1 and 2, metalloprotease i, metalloprotease 1 precursor, and extracellular superoxide dismutase. protein complex ...201121624399
development of a rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay (dlia) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.abstract: background: schistosomiasis japonica (schistosomiasis) is a zoonosis that can seriously affect human health. at present, the immunodiagnostic assays for schistosomiasis detection are time-consuming and require well-trained personnel and special instruments, which can limit their use in the field. thus, there is a pressing need for a simple and rapid immunoassay to screen patients on a large scale. in this study, we developed a novel rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay ...201121824443
mannose-binding lectin deficiency with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis in children: a case series.abstract: introduction: eosinophilic meningitis, a potentially fatal disease caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis, is considered an emerging infectious disease. case presentation: three caucasian boys (aged five-years-old, 10-years-old and six-years-old) with a diagnosis of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. serum immunoglobulin a (iga), igm, igg, and complements c3c and c4 levels were quantified by using an immunodiffusion technique. immunoglob ...201121798005
[a survey of infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis around erhai lake in dali, yunnan province]. 201122991716
pcr assay for the cell-free copro-dna detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rat faeces.to facilitate improved detection of the first stage larvae (l1) of angiostrongylus cantonensis from rat faeces, a taqman(-«) probe real-time pcr method for the detection in situ was developed targeting the second internal transcribed region of the ribosomal dna (its2) of a. cantonensis. the assay was capable of detecting a single l1 in a grain of fresh faeces (weight 320-¦125mg) from the experimental infected sprague-dawley rats, and the method can also detect cell-free copro-dna from positive f ...201121820808
an outbreak of angiostrongyliasis in guanging, people's republic of china: migrants vulnerable to an emerging disease.angiostrongyliasis has been frequently reported from the people's republic of china during the last decade. an outbreak of angiostrongyliasis among migrant laborers in guangning, guangdong province is described here. a questionnaire was developed to collect epidemiological and clinical information about 17 migrant laborers from the bai ethnic group in dali, yunnan province. serum samples were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rats and mollusks from the same area where pa ...201122299428
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in Eosinophilic Meningitis Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection.Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasite endemic in the Southeast Asian and Pacific regions. Humans are incidentally infected either by eating uncooked intermediate hosts or by consuming vegetables containing the living third-stage larvae. Reports on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and how they correlate with clinical features are limited in the literature. In this retrospective study, we investigated the brain MR features of eosinophilic meningitis caused by human infe ...201121923262
angiostrongylus cantonensis: identification and characterization of micrornas in male and female adults.angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic pleocytosis in humans and is of significant socio-economic importance globally. micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small non-coding rnas that play crucial roles in gene expression regulation, cellular function and defense, homeostasis and pathogenesis. they have been identified in a diverse range of organisms. the objective of this study was to determine and characterize mirnas of female and male adults of a. cantonensis ...201121356210
the rat lung-worm angiostrongylus cantonensis: a first report in south africa. 201121382247
[two cases of chronic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 201121425117
encephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis after eating raw frogs mixed with wine as a health supplement.angiostrongylus cantonensis also known as the rat lungworm, is prevalent in the pacific islands and southeast asia and is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. although frogs and toads are known as paratenic hosts of a. cantonensis, they are rarely reported as the infectious source of human angiostrongyliasis. we report a case of encephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis after eating raw frogs mixed with wine as a health supplement. prednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/k ...201121467715
clinical manifestations of eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis: 18 years' experience in a medical center in southern taiwan.background: with the improvement of public health, eosinophilic meningitis associated with angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is now seldom reported in taiwan. eosinophilic meningitis typically occurred sporadically in children. this study aims to analyze the clinical manifestations and change in the contemporary epidemiology of eosinophilic meningitis in taiwan. methods: this is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with eosinophilic meningitis at kaohsiung veterans general hospital, f ...201121524976
molecular cloning and characterization of a matrix metalloproteinase, from caenorhabditis elegans: employed to identify homologous protein from angiostrongylus cantonensis.matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are a class of zinc-binding endopeptidases mainly responsible for degrading extracellular matrix constituent components, which also serve as effectors of leukocyte recruitment, cytotoxicity, cytokine and chemokine processing, and defensin activation involved in multiple mechanisms of immunomodulation. mmps are a conserved proteolytic enzyme family participating in normal physiological function. in the present study, we have cloned a gene named cemmp62 from caenor ...201122167371
seroprevalence of angiostrongylus cantonensis in wild rodents from the canary islands.angiostrongylus cantonensis is a lungworm of rats (muridae) that is the causative agent of human cerebral angiostrongyliasis. the life cycle of a. cantonensis involves rats and mollusks as the definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. this study was designed to increase the knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of a. cantonensis in its definitive host in the canary islands, using parasitological and serological analysis in different areas and age groups.201122110752
eosinophilic meningitis risk associated with raw ampullarium canaliculatus snails consumption.in taiwan, angiostrongylus cantonensis infection has been reported in foreign laborers who had consumed raw ampullarium canaliculatus snails. this study analyzed three foreign laborers who had contracted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-confirmed a cantonensis infection while working in taiwan. all three workers had consumed either roasted snails or raw snails flavored with seasoning while drinking wine. this study investigated possible risk factors for a cantonensis, including naturally occurr ...201121527185
endemic angiostrongyliasis, rio de janeiro, brazil.to the editor: the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lung worm), a zoonotic parasite that can accidentally infect humans and cause eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, has the norway rat (rattus norvegicus) as one of its most frequent definitive vertebrate hosts (1). adult worms live in the pulmonary arteries of the definitive hosts, which excrete first-stage larvae in their feces. intermediate hosts, such as snails and slugs, are infected by first-stage larvae, which reach the infective th ...201121762612
changes in the reproductive biology of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis.this study showed for the first time changes in the reproductive biology of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. the values of all the parameters analyzed (total number of eggs, number of egg masses, number of eggs/mass, number of eggs/snail, percentage of viable eggs and galactogen content in albumen gland) changed with progressive infection. the results indicate the occurrence of partial parasitic castration of b. glabrata by a. cantonensis larvae, pr ...201121925506
neuroimmunological findings of angiostrongylus cantonensis meningitis in ecuadorian patients.meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis has recently been reported in patients resulting from the first outbreaks in subtropical regions of ecuador.201121755123
development of a double antibody sandwich elisa assay for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis.abstract abstractusing two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against excretory/secretory (es) antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis adult worms, a method of double antibody sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating antigens (cag) was established with the best experimental conditions regulated for performance. to evaluate the sensitivity, the cag in sera of rats (80) and mice (15) infected with a. cantonensis as well as cag in sera of clinical confirmed angiostrongyliasis patients (70) were de ...201121506824
lung ct findings of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongyliasis cantonensis is a parasitic disease caused by human infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis. fifteen cases were enrolled in our study. chest ct scanning was performed with msct in all cases. the chest ct images demonstrated that pulmonary nodular lesions and ground-glass opacity lesions located in the subpleural area are the characteristic signs of the disease. with the development of the disease, ground-glass opacity lesions disappear and pleural indentation occurs.201121513853
specific detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the snail achatina fulica using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay.angiostrongylus cantonensis, a rat lungworm, can cause eosinophilic meningitis and angiostrongyliasis in humans following ingestion of contaminated foods or intermediate/paratenic hosts with infective larvae. the snail achatina fulica is one of the important intermediate hosts of a. cantonensis and is commonly eaten by humans in some countries. in the present study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the specific detection of a. cantonensis in ac. fulica. pri ...201121515360
enzootic angiostrongyliasis, guangdong, china, 2008-2009.to the editor: the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis was discovered in pulmonary arteries and hearts of domestic rats in guangzhou (canton), china, by chen in 1935 (1). this parasite has a complex life cycle (2) and causes cerebral angiostrongyliasis after ingestion of infective larvae found in freshwater and terrestrial snails and slugs, paratenic hosts (such as freshwater fish, shrimp, frogs, and crabs), and contaminated vegetables (3).201121762614
human angiostrongylus cantonensis: an update.angiostrongylus cantonensis was first discovered in 1935 and has become an important emerging pathogen causing human angiostrongyliasis. major outbreaks of human angiostrongyliasis have been reported in endemic regions. thousands of cases of human angiostrongyliasis have been documented worldwide. a. cantonensis has spread from its traditional endemic regions of the pacific islands and southeast asia to the american continent including the usa, caribbean islands and brazil. humans acquire a. can ...201121725905
[investigation on serology, risk factor and awareness of angiostrongylus cantonensis in hainan province].five survey sites were selected from hainan province and one village were randomly extracted in each site. a survey that covered knowledge and risk factor on angiostrongyliasis cantonensis was conducted and infection rate of angiostrongylus cantonensis tested by elisa. among 393 sampled people, the sero-positive igg rate was 20.6% and about 39.7% residents were found with a history of eating snails in recent half year, 12.5% from respondents had the habit of eating raw snails. questionnairing sh ...201121823332
efficacy of combined treatment with albendazole and baicalein against eosinophilic meningitis induced by angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.angiostrongylus cantonensis infection causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. baicalein is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis georgi. in this study we evaluated the efficacy of the combination of albendazole and baicalein for treating eosinophilic meningitis in balb/c mice. therapeutic efficacy included the survival time, body weight, neurological function, leucocyte and eosinophil counts, eotaxin concentration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) activity ...201120587113
detection of anti-oxidant enzymatic activities and purification of glutathione transferases from angiostrongylus cantonensis.there are several anti-oxidant enzyme families that play pivotal roles in facilitating the survival of parasites. glutathione transferases (gsts) are members of the anti-oxidant family that can detoxify a broad range of exogenous or endogenous compounds including reactive oxidative species. gsts have been studied as vaccine candidates, immunodiagnostic markers and as treatment targets. helminths of the genus angiostrongylus live inside arteries of vertebrates and two main species are associated ...201120807531
survey of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats and giant african land snails in phitsanulok province, thailand.to survey the angiostrongylus cantonensis (a. cantonensis) or the rat lungworm in a rat, definitive host, and in a giant african land snail (achatina fulica), the intermediate host, in phitsanulok, thailand.201121914534
[two patients with chronic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 201121246496
comparison of major immunoglobulins intrathecal synthesis patterns in ecuadorian and cuban patients with angiostrongyliasis.angiostrongylus cantonensis meningitis was first reported in cuba in 1981, and it was recently reported in south america. the aim of this paper is to evaluate the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis patterns from cuba's and ecuador's patients with angiostrongyliasis; 8 ecuadorian patients from two different outbreaks and 28 cuban patients were studied. simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken. immunoglobulin (ig) a, igm, igg, and albumin were quantified by radial immunodiff ...201121363978
[investigation on outbreak of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis due to consumption of snail food in dali city].to investigate the potential cause of an outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis in dali city in march, 2011.201122379828
First provincial survey of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Guangdong Province, China.The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic nematode with a wide distribution. We report the first provincial survey of the prevalence of A. cantonensis infection among wild rodents and snails in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 2929 Pomacea canaliculata and 1354 Achatina fulica were collected from fields in 22 survey sites with a larval infection rates ranging from 0-26.6% to 0-45.4%. In addition, 114 Cipangopaludina sp and 252 Bellamya sp were bought from markets; larvae we ...201121906215
how can clinicians ensure the diagnosis of meningitic angiostrongyliasis?abstract meningitic angiostrongyliasis (ma), caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis, is often diagnosed by clinical criteria alone, because the confirmative serologic tests are not always available in the rural endemic areas. in this study, we evaluated the relationship between various clinical parameters of ma and the sero-positivity to sort out the predictive parameters to ensure the diagnosis. we enrolled consecutive adults in whom ma had been clinically diagnosed, who had serologic results ...201121923259
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: rapid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Pomacea canaliculata.Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. The most common source of infection with A. cantonensis is the consumption of raw or undercooked mollusks (e.g., snails and slugs) harbouring infectious third-stage larvae (L3). However, the parasite is difficult to identify in snails. The purpose of this study was to develop a quick, simple molecular method to survey for A. cantonensis in intermediate host snails.201122023992
[investigation on angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in rodents in guangdong province].to investigate the natural infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in guangdong province, and to provide the scientific evidence for control measures.201121972605
efficacy of albendazole combined with a marine fungal extract (m2-9) against angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced meningitis in mice.the pathogenesis of angiostrongyliasis, resulting from angiostrongylus cantonensis invasion of the human central nervous system, remains elusive. anthelmintics are usually used to kill worms, although dead worms in the brain may cause severe inflammation which will lead to central nervous system damage. therefore, combination therapy with anthelmintics and anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of human angiostrongyliasis needs further study. to evaluate the efficacy of albendazole combined wi ...201122050968
the use of albendazole and diammonium glycyrrhizinate in the treatment of eosinophilic meningitis in mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongylus cantonensis (a. cantonensis) infection causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. eosinophilia and a th2-type immune response are the crucial immune mechanisms for eosinophilic meningitis. cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells (treg) are involved in the pathogenesis of a. cantonensis. diammonium glycyrrhizinate (dg) is a compound related to glycyrrhizin (gl), a triterpene glycoside extracted from liquorice root. we investigated the curative effects and probable mechanisms of therapy involv ...201122152396
a case report on eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. it is usually caused by ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked intermediate hosts or food contaminated with infective third-stage larvae. we describe a case of eosinophilic meningitis caused by a. cantonensis in a male chinese patient. the patient had a history of eating raw fish and snail. we describe the clinical features of the patient, the diagnostic process and treatments. we also provide a brief upd ...201121897764
a comparative study of neuroimaging features between human neuro-gnathostomiasis and angiostrongyliasis.gnathostoma spinigerum and angiostrongylus cantonensis are human parasites that can cause neurological symptoms. the human diseases produced by these parasites can usually be differentiated by clinical symptoms. the aim of this study was to report neuroimaging abnormalities detected with computed tomography (ct) and mr in patients with gnathostomiasis and angiostrongyliasis. we enrolled 15 and 12 patients with serologically proven gnathostomiasis and angiostrongyliasis, respectively, who had bra ...201122124854
[Cloning, expression and immunologic identification of C31B8.8 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans].To clone and express C31B8.8 gene of wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans, and study the immunological characteristic of the recombinant protein.201121972593
neuroangiostrongyliasis and other parasites in tawny frogmouths (podargus strigoides) in south-eastern queensland.the neurological, clinical and pathological findings and endoparasites in 10 wild tawny frogmouths (podargus strigoides) presented to the australian wildlife hospital in beerwah, queensland during a 28-day period in may 2009 are reported. affected birds had a history of being found in poor body condition on the ground and unable to fly. clinical examination revealed paresis with variable but generally weakened deep pain responses, withdrawal reflexes and an inability to perch. severely affected ...201121250956
eosinophilic meningitis attributable to angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in hawaii: clinical characteristics and potential exposures.the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis is angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is transmitted largely by consumption of snails/slugs. we previously identified cases of angiostrongyliasis that occurred in hawaii from 2001 to 2005; the highest incidence was on the island of hawaii. we now report symptoms, laboratory parameters, and exposures. eighteen patients were evaluated; 94% had headache, and 65% had sensory symptoms (paresthesia, hyperesthesia, and/or numbness). these symp ...201121976573
matrix metalloproteinase-12 leads to elastin degradation in balb/c mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis.the rat lugworm angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause eosinophilic meningitis. the purpose of this study was to determine whether matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-12 and its substrate elastin participate in this inflammatory response. we showed that the mmp-12/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio was significantly increased in the csf of a. cantonensis-infected mice from day 10 p.i., and reached high levels on days 20 and 25 p.i. mmp-12 production was correlated with elastin degradation, ...201121856305
cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding 16 kda protein (ac16) from angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. a novel gene (ac16) was isolated from a cdna library of a. cantonensis fourth-stage larvae. the putative 16-kda protein has 149 amino acids and is homologous to an immunodominant hypodermal antigen (iha16) from ancylostoma caninum (identities = 57%). in this paper, we cloned the gene and purified the recombinant ac16 (rac16) protein. real-time quantitative pcr revealed that ac16 was ...201122146998
specificity of immunoblotting analyses in eosinophilic meningitis.angiostrongylus cantonensis and gnathostoma spinigerum are the two most common causative parasites of eosinophilic meningitis (eom). serological tests are helpful tools for confirming the identity of the pathogen. recent reports determined the specificity of such tests by using normal healthy controls. there have been limited studies done to rule out the cross-reactivity between these two causative parasites of eom. this study aims to assess the specificity of the serological test in eom by usin ...201121894378
curcumin alleviates eosinophilic meningitis through reduction of eosinophil count following albendazole treatment against angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.summaryangiostrongylus cantonensis (a. cantonensis) is the most common cause of parasitic eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. by using an animal model of balb/c mice infected with a. cantonensis, previous studies indicated that the anthelmintic drug, albendazole, could kill a. cantonensis larvae and prevent further infection. however, the dead larvae will induce severe immune responses targeting at brain tissues. to alleviate the detrimental effects caused by the dead larvae, we administered curc ...201122053741
alterations of myelin proteins in inflammatory demyelination of balb/c mice caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis, yet little is known about demyelination caused by this parasite. to define the course of demyelination caused by a. cantonensis, we analyzed the expression of myelin proteins including myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), myelin basic protein (mbp), myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (mobp), and proteolipid protein (plp) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-like fluid of infected and uninfected ba ...201020399564
assessment of skin penetration of third-stage larvae of strongyloides ratti.strongyloides stercoralis infection is caused by skin penetration of third-stage larvae (l3s). we studied skin penetration of l3s of strongyloides ratti using an in vitro assay that has been used previously to study angiostrongylus cantonensis, an agarose membrane with a temperature gradient, and scanning electron microscopy. our results revealed that skin penetration of l3s depended on host skin temperature. when the target temperature of the outer liquid was 37°c, more than 80% of l3s penetrat ...201020714751
predictive factors for encephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. 201020207885
[detection of circulating antigen of angiostrongylus cantonensis by 12d5 and 21b7 monoclonal antibodies.].to detect the rate of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection and to study the effects of treatment so as to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mcabs), and gold immunochromatography assay (gica) with 12d5 and 21b7 mcabs could be prepared in advance.201020302705
angiostrongylus cantonensis: lesions in brain and spinal cord. 201020348490
[the immunopathology mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases in brain infection induced by parasites].matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) family is a class of endogenous peptidases involved in normal physiological processes of the body, such as embryonic development, wound healing, angiogenesis, cartilage absorption, etc. however, during infection, over-expression of activated matrix metalloproteinase can lead to immunopathological change, induce disease or death, also contribute to the spread or survival of pathogens. some human parasites such as plasmodium, toxoplasma gondii, cysticercus cellulosae ...201021500539
anti-ccr3 monoclonal antibody inhibits eosinophil infiltration in angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected icr mice.icr mice were each infected with 35 angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae. one group of mice received an intraperitoneal injection of anti-ccr3 monoclonal antibody (mab) (50 microg) at 10 days post-infection (dpi), while another similarly-treated group also received a booster injection (25 microg) at 12 dpi. all the mice were sacrificed at 14 dpi for pathological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and rna extraction. the infiltration of eosinophils and the severity of eosinophi ...201019887061
effect of thai 'koi-hoi' food flavoring on the viability and infectivity of the third-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: angiostrongylidae).the effect of the food flavoring of 'koi-hoi', a popular thai snail dish, on the viability and infectivity of angiostrongylus (=parastrongylus) cantonensis third-stage larvae was assessed in a mouse model. groups of 50 each of actively moving, non-motile coiled, and extended larvae were obtained from experimentally infected snail meat, after one-hour exposure to standard 'koi-hoi' flavoring. these larvae and groups of 50 unexposed moving larvae (control) were individually fed to each group of th ...201019931504
larvicidal activities of ginger (zingiber officinale) against angiostrongylus cantonensis.in this study, we investigated the anthelmintic activity of [6]-gingerol, [10]-shogaol, [10]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol and hexahydrocurcumin, a constituent isolate from the roots of ginger (zingiber officinale), for the parasite angiostrongylus cantonensis. this study found that the above constituents killed a. cantonensis larvae or reduced their spontaneous movements in a time- and dose-dependent manner. the larvicidal effect or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement of [10]-shogaol, [6]-gin ...201020045669
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