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seasonal cercarial emergence patterns of opisthorchis viverrini infecting bithynia siamensis goniomphalos from vientiane province, lao pdr.snail intermediate hosts play a pivotal role in maintaining the life cycles of trematodes, including opisthorchis viverrini. we investigated the emergence patterns of o. viverrini cercariae infecting bithynia siamensis goniomphalos at foci in an endemic area in vientiane province, lao pdr.201425442515
traditional herbal medicine for the control of tropical diseases.throughout history, traditional herbal medicine has afforded a rich repository of remedies with diverse chemical structures and bioactivities against several health disorders. a common issue of herbal medicine is the limitation of information on their pharmacological activities and their active constituents. traditionally, the use of herbal medicine has been based on empirical treatment and passed on from generation to generation with information available only in local journals. this prevents s ...201425425945
selective immunostaining of mehlis' gland of opisthorchis viverrini by antibody against rat diacylglycerol kinase.the mehlis' gland of opisthorchis viverrini was selectively and intensely immunopositive with an antibody against rat diacylglycerol kinase gamma, and its entire structure with associated radiating processes was clearly demonstrated by immuno-light microscopy. in immuno-electron microscopy, the immunopositive processes were revealed to contain many vesicles and vacuoles and the immunoreactive materials were deposited diffusely in the cytoplasm except for the vesicular interior. the present findi ...201425417499
gene-environment interaction involved in cholangiocarcinoma in the thai population: polymorphisms of dna repair genes, smoking and use of alcohol.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the most common malignancy in a northeast thai population. smoking and alcohol drinking are associated with the production of free radical intermediates, which can cause several types of dna lesions. reduced repair of these dna lesions would constitute an important risk factor for cancer development. we therefore examined whether polymorphisms in dna base-excision repair (ber) genes, xrcc1 g399a and ogg1 c326g, were associated with cca risk and whether they modified t ...201425335960
chronic opisthorchis viverrini infection and associated hepatobiliary disease is associated with iron loaded m2-like macrophages.chronic opisthorchis viverrini-induced hepatobiliary disease is associated with significant leukocyte infiltration, including activated macrophages; however, the polarization of infiltrating macrophages remains to be fully characterized. in this study, we characterized macrophage polarization and phenotype in chronic o. viverrini-induced hepatobiliary disease in humans and hamsters using gene expression and histochemical analysis. chronic o. viverrini infection and associated hepatobiliary disea ...201425548425
anti-inflammatory and anti-periductal fibrosis effects of an anthocyanin complex in opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.the pharmacological activities of herbal extracts can be enhanced by complex formation. in this study, we manipulated cyanidin and delphinidin-rich extracts to form an anthocyanin complex (ac) with turmeric and evaluated activity against inflammation and periductal fibrosis in opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters. the ac was prepared from anthocyanins extracted from cobs of purple waxy corn (70%), petals of blue butterfly pea (20%) and turmeric extract (10%), resulting in an enhanced free-ra ...201425447758
genomic and transcriptional alterations of cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is one of the representative cancers refractory to any therapeutic approach. the incidence of cca is highest in the northeastern part of thailand, where chronic inflammation caused by liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini: ov) infection is a major etiologic factor. the incidence of cca is also increasing in other countries, including japan. here, we overview the genetic and transcriptional alterations of cca with and without association with ov infection. cca with ov shows ...201424532422
potential targeted therapy for liver fluke associated cholangiocarcinoma.biliary tree cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is an unusual subtype of liver cancer with exceptionally poor prognosis. lack of specific symptoms and availability of early diagnostic markers account for late diagnosis of cca. surgical treatment is a gold standard choice but few patients are candidates and local recurrence after surgery is high. benefit of systemic chemotherapy is limited; hence, better treatment options are required. the differences in etiology, anatomical positions and patholo ...201424408866
risk biomarkers for assessment and chemoprevention of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma.human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini (ov), is the major risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in northeastern thailand. our approach focuses on genetic progression and molecular changes in the carcinogenic pathway of liver fluke-associated cca aimed at assessing patients at risk of cca and using chemoprevention as the secondary cancer prevention to reduce the incidence of cca. this review summarizes altered gene expressions, biomolecules and their modification, i.e. dna adducts, oxidized ...201424408859
opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from vietnam: morphological variability and rdna/mtdna sequence confirmation.flukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the binh dinh province of central vietnam. following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (its2) of the ribosomal dna and cytochrome c oxi ...201423721954
endemicity of opisthorchis viverrini liver flukes, vietnam, 2011-2012. 201424377371
rna-seq reveals infection-induced gene expression changes in the snail intermediate host of the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.bithynia siamensis goniomphalos is the snail intermediate host of the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, the leading cause of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in the greater mekong sub-region of thailand. despite the severe public health impact of opisthorchis-induced cca, knowledge of the molecular interactions occurring between the parasite and its snail intermediate host is scant. the examination of differences in gene expression profiling between uninfected and o. viverrini-infected b. siamensis g ...201424676090
genetic and environmental determinants of risk for cholangiocarcinoma in thailand.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is a difficult cancer to diagnose in the early stage and to treat by curative resection. the incidence of cca in the northeast of thailand is the highest in the world. to make progress in detecting a high risk group and in the prevention and detection of cca, we have been analyzing the risk factors for cca. although liver fluke infection is known to be a risk factor, there are patients who are not infected with the liver fluke and not all people infected with the liver f ...201425401000
stats profiling reveals predominantly-activated stat3 in cholangiocarcinoma genesis and progression.we investigated the aberrant expression of the stat family in humans and liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini, ov)-induced hamster cholangiocarcinoma (cca) tissues.201425044480
an interleukin-6 receptor polymorphism is associated with opisthorchiasis-linked cholangiocarcinoma risk in thailand.the cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is a relatively rare cancer worldwide but it is highly prevalent in thailand where the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini is endemic. there are reports that interleukin 6 (il-6) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis associated cca. functionally, il-6 can act on target cells through its receptor, il-6r, and il-6r polymorphisms may affect the functional activity of il-6 leading to susceptibility to cholangiocarcinogenesis. therefore, we ass ...201425041016
distinct mirna signatures associate with subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma from infection with the tumourigenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini.intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (icc) is a significant public health problem in east asia, where it is strongly associated with chronic infection by the food-borne parasite opisthorchis viverrini (ov). we report the first comprehensive mirna expression profiling by microarray of the most common histologic grades and subtypes of icc: well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and papillary icc.201425017828
the opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct.opisthorchiasis is a neglected, tropical disease caused by the carcinogenic asian liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini. this hepatobiliary disease is linked to malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, cca) and affects millions of people in asia. no vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is used against the parasite. little is known about o. viverrini biology and the diseases that it causes. here we characterize the draft genome (634.5 mb) and transcriptomes of o. viverrini, elucidate ...201425007141
suppression of aquaporin, a mediator of water channel control in the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchiasis and opisthorchis viverrini-associated bile duct cancer represent major public health threats in thailand and laos. the tegument of this food borne fluke plays pivotal roles in parasite metabolism, homeostasis and osmoregulation. excretory/secretory products also pass from the fluke to the biliary environment, products that likely underlie pathogenesis of liver fluke infection. aquaporins (aqps), belong to the major intrinsic protein superfamily of integral plasma membrane channel ...201424885060
the mirnaome of opisthorchis viverrini induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (icc) is an aggressive cancer, arising in the biliary ducts that extend into the liver. the highest incidence of icc occurs in southeast asia, particularly in the mekong river basin countries of thailand, laos, cambodia, and vietnam, where it is strongly associated with chronic infection by the food-borne liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini (ov), one of only three eukaryote pathogens considered group one carcinogens. intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is usually diagn ...201426484108
circulating mir-192 in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma patients: a prospective prognostic indicator.this study aimed to investigate the mir-192 levels in patients' sera of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca) for a prospective prognostic indicator.201425131257
bile canalicular changes and defective bile secretion in opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini (digenea) (poirier, 1886) causes bile duct injury and periductal fibrosis by chronic overproduction of inflammatory-mediators and eventually results in cholangiocarcinoma development. while extensive research works have been done on o. viverrini infection-associated changes of bile ducts and periductal fibrosis, little attention was paid on morphological and biochemical changes of the bile canaliculi (bc), the origin of bile flow. we aimed to ...201425651692
opisthorchis viverrini infection activates the pi3k/ akt/pten and wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in a cholangiocarcinogenesis model.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection is the major etiological factor for cholangiocarcinoma (cca), especially in northeast thailand. we have previously reported significant involvement of pi3k/akt/pten and wnt/β- catenin in human cca tissues. the present study, therefore, examined the expression and activation of pi3k/ akt/pten and wnt/β-catenin signaling components during ov-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamster animal model. hamsters were divided into two groups; non-treated and ov plu ...201425556493
first insight into cd59-like molecules of adult fasciola hepatica.the present study focussed on investigating cd59-like molecules of fasciola hepatica. a cdna encoding a cd59-like protein (termed fhcd59-1) identified previously in the membrane fraction of the f. hepatica tegument was isolated. this homologue was shown to encode a predicted open reading frame (orf) of 122 amino acids (aa) orthologous to human cd59 with a 25 aa signal peptide, a mature protein containing 10 cysteines and a conserved cd59/ly-6 family motif "ccxxxxcn". an analysis of cdnas from tw ...201424955521
hepatitis b virus infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (icc) is a devastating malignant tumor arising from the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. the incidence and mortality of icc is markedly increasing over the past two decades worldwide, though the cause for this rise in incidence is unclear, thus intensifying the search for alternative etiological agents and pathogenetic mechanisms. hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, parasitic infection (opisthorchis viverrini or clonorchis sinensis), fibr ...201424914333
development of a pcr assay and pyrosequencing for identification of important human fish-borne trematodes and its potential use for detection in fecal specimens.small liver and minute intestinal flukes are highly prevalent in southeast asia. definitive diagnosis of parasite infection is usually achieved parasitologically by finding the fluke eggs in feces. however, their eggs are difficult to differentiate morphologically in fecal samples, even for experienced technicians. the present study developed a pcr assay coupled with dna pyrosequencing for identification of the fish-borne trematodes (fbt), opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis, haplorchis ...201424589167
effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review.melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. in addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against inf ...201424811367
prevalence of haplorchis taichui among humans and fish in luang prabang province, lao pdr.this study confirmed the prevalence of the intestinal fluke haplorchis taichui (trematoda: heterophyidae) among people and fish in luang prabang province, lao pdr. fecal specimens were collected from 559 riparian people (229 males and 330 females), residing in 4 districts (luang prabang, xieng ngeun, pak ou, and nam bak) and were examined by the kato-katz fecal smear technique. the overall helminth egg positive rate was 64.9%. the positive rate for small trematode eggs (ste), which may include h ...201424754919
opisthorchis viverrini: analysis of the sperm-specific rhophilin associated tail protein 1-like.concurrent deficiency of rhophilin associated tail protein (ropn1) and ropn1-like (ropn1l) in mice causes structural abnormalities and immotility of sperm and thereby infertility. in the present research, ropn1l of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini was molecularly characterized and showed unexpected potential as a diagnostic tool. ropn1l transcripts were detected in 2-week-old juveniles by rt-pcr. immunohistochemical analysis of the adult worm localized the protein in testis lobes, se ...201425124046
prevalence of infection and molecular confirmation by using its-2 region of fasciola gigantica found in domestic cattle from chiang mai province, thailand.to investigate the infection of fasciola gigantica (f. gigantica) in domestic cattle from chiang mai province and molecular confirmation using its-2 region.201424507641
zoonotic trematode metacercariae in fish from phnom penh and pursat, cambodia.a survey was performed to investigate the infection status of freshwater fish with zoonotic trematode metacercariae in phnom penh and pursat province, cambodia. all collected fish with ice were transferred to our laboratory and examined using the artificial digestion method. in fish from phnom penh, 2 kinds of metacercariae (opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis yokogawai) were detected. o. viverrini metacercariae were positive in 37 (50.0%) of 74 fish in 11 species (average no. metacercariae/fi ...201424623879
schistosome and liver fluke derived catechol-estrogens and helminth associated cancers.infection with helminth parasites remains a persistent public health problem in developing countries. three of these pathogens, the liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini and the blood fluke schistosoma haematobium, are of particular concern due to their classification as group 1 carcinogens: infection with these worms is carcinogenic. using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) approaches, we identified steroid hormone like (e.g., oxysterol-like, catechol estrogen ...201425566326
[the reagents kit to detect metyorchis biis, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus--agents of opisthorchiasis using technique of polymerase chain reaction in real-time].the helminths opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis, metorchis bilis are the agents of opisthorchiasis. the actual diagnostic of parasitic diseases based on microscope analysis of samples of human feces to detect presence of ova of parasites suffers of many shortcomings, in particular low sensitivity especially at earlier stages. the purpose of this study was to compare results of detection of parasites using both classical technique and technique of specific differe ...201425552048
infection and cancer: global distribution and burden of diseases.infection is one of the main risk factors for cancer.201425512154
rapid detection and differentiation of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini using real-time pcr and high resolution melting analysis.clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini are both important fish-borne pathogens, causing serious public health problem in asia. the present study developed an assay integrating real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis for the specific detection and rapid identification of c. sinensis and o. viverrini. primers targeting cox1 gene were highly specific for these liver flukes, as evidenced by the negative amplification of closely related trematodes. assays using genomic dna ex ...201425386621
roles of liver fluke infection as risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.several factors are known to be associated with risk of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and infection with the liver flukes, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis, has often been singled out as the leading risk factor in east and southeast asia. in this review, current knowledge of their biology, life cycle, and pathogenesis of o. viverrini, and its role as a carcinogenic parasite are presented. the trends of age-specific incidence of liver cancer in khon kaen, northeast thailand are considere ...201424408775
retrotransposon ov-rte-1 from the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini: potential target for dna-based diagnosis.infections by the fish-borne liver flukes opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis can lead to bile duct cancer. these neglected tropical disease pathogens occur in east asia, with o. viverrini primarily in thailand and laos and c. sinensis in cambodia, vietnam, and china. genomic information about these pathogens holds the potential to improve disease treatment and control. transcriptome analysis indicates that mobile genetic elements are active in o. viverrini, including a novel non-long ...201424394447
prevalence of intestinal helminths among inhabitants of cambodia (2006-2011).in order to investigate the status of intestinal helminthic infections in cambodia, epidemiological surveys were carried out on a national scale, including 19 provinces. a total of 32,201 fecal samples were collected from schoolchildren and adults between 2006 and 2011 and examined once by the kato-katz thick smear technique. the overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths was 26.2%. the prevalence of hookworms was the highest (9.6%), followed by that of opisthorchis viverrini/minute intes ...201425548418
cytokine/chemokine secretion and proteomic identification of upregulated annexin a1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini.we investigated the cytokine/chemokine secretions and alteration of protein expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) cocultured with adult liver flukes (opisthorchis viverrini) for 6 to 24 h. pbmc-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. exposure to o. viverrini induced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, ...201424614660
prevalence of helminthic infections among inhabitants of lao pdr.the prevalence of helminthic infections was surveyed on a total of 6,178 residents (males 2,549 and females 3,629) in 102 villages of 9 provinces in lao pdr between 2007 and 2011 under the project of korea-laos collaborative project for control of foodborne trematode infections in lao pdr. fecal specimens were collected and examined by the kato-katz thick smear and stoll's egg counting techniques. the overall liver/intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 71.9% with a single or mixed infections ...201424623882
helminth infection in southern laos: high prevalence and low awareness.helminthiasis is a public health concern in lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr, laos). this study aimed to understand helminth infection and associated risk factors in relation to existing local knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding worm infections in endemic communities.201324499584
advances with the chinese anthelminthic drug tribendimidine in clinical trials and laboratory investigations.the anthelminthic drug tribendimidine has been approved by chinese authorities for human use in 2004, and a first comprehensive review was published in acta tropica in 2005. here, we summarise further advances made through additional clinical trials and laboratory investigations. two phase iv trials have been conducted in the people's republic of china, the first one enrolling 1292 adolescents and adults aged 15-70 years and the second one conducted with 899 children aged 4-14 years who were inf ...201323352956
timps of parasitic helminths - a large-scale analysis of high-throughput sequence datasets.tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (timps) are a multifunctional family of proteins that orchestrate extracellular matrix turnover, tissue remodelling and other cellular processes. in parasitic helminths, such as hookworms, timps have been proposed to play key roles in the host-parasite interplay, including invasion of and establishment in the vertebrate animal hosts. currently, knowledge of helminth timps is limited to a small number of studies on canine hookworms, whereas no information is ...201323721526
global status of fish-borne zoonotic trematodiasis in humans.fishborne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), infecting humans and mammals worldwide, are reviewed and options for control discussed. fifty nine species belonging to 4 families, i.e. opisthorchiidae (12 species), echinostomatidae (10 species), heterophyidae (36 species) and nanophyetidae (1 species) are listed. some trematodes, which are highly pathogenic for humans such as clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, o. felineus are discussed in detail, i.e. infection status in humans in endemic areas, ...201323990419
the zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini.clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis felineus and opisthorchis viverrini are the three most important liver flukes involved in human health, infecting more than 45 million people worldwide. both c. sinensis and o. viverrini, and possibly o. felineus, can induce human cholangiocarcinoma as well as inducing other hepatobiliary pathology. although the life cycles of all three species are similar, only that of o. felineus in europe remains predominantly zoonotic, while o. felineus in asia and c. sinens ...201323978669
risk factors and classifications of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. perihilar cholangiocarcinoma or klatskin tumor represents more than 50% of all biliary tract cholangiocarcinomas. a wide range of risk factors have been identified among patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma including advanced age, male gender, primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledochal cysts, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, parasitic infection (opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis), inflammatory bo ...201323919107
adult opisthorchis felineus major protein fractions deduced from transcripts: comparison with liver flukes opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis.the epidemiologically important liver flukes opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and clonorchis sinensis are of interest to health professionals, epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists. recently the transcriptomes of the latter two species were intensively investigated. however our knowledge on molecular biology of o. felineus is scarce. we report the first results of the o. felineus transcriptome analysis. we isolated and annotated a total of 2560 expressed sequen ...201323891942
microproteinuria during opisthorchis viverrini infection: a biomarker for advanced renal and hepatobiliary pathologies from chronic opisthorchiasis.approximately 680 million people are at risk of infection with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) and clonorchis sinensis, with an estimated 10 million infected with ov in southeast asia alone. while opisthorchiasis is associated with hepatobiliary pathologies, such as advanced periductal fibrosis (apf) and cholangiocarcinoma (cca), animal models of ov infection show that immune-complex glomerulonephritis is an important renal pathology that develops simultaneously with hepatobiliary pathologies. a car ...201323717698
use of black carp (mylopharyngodon piceus) in biological control of intermediate host snails of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in nursery ponds in the red river delta, vietnam.the risks of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt) to human health constitute an important problem in vietnam. the infection of humans with these trematodes, such as small liver trematodes (clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini), intestinal trematodes (heterophyidae) and others is often thought to be linked to fish culture in areas where the habit of eating raw fish is common. juvenile fish produced in nurseries are often heavily infected with fzt and since fishes are sold to aquaculture ...201323680382
hyperendemicity of haplorchis taichui infection among riparian people in saravane and champasak province, lao pdr.in this study, we found that haplorchis taichui, a heterophyid intestinal fluke, is highly prevalent, with heavy worm loads, among riparian people in saravane and champasak province, lao pdr. fecal specimens were collected from 1,460 people (717 men and 743 women) in 12 riparian (mekong river) districts and were examined by the kato-katz fecal smear technique. the overall helminth egg positive rate was 78.8% and 66.4% in saravane and champasak province, respectively. the positive rate for small ...201323864741
fishborne trematode metacercariae in luang prabang, khammouane, and saravane province, lao pdr.fishborne trematode (fbt) metacercariae were investigated in fish from 3 provinces of lao pdr. total 242 freshwater fish of 40 species were collected in local markets of luang prabang (59 fish of 16 species), khammouane (81 fish of 19 species), and saravane (97 fish of 14 species), and each of them was examined by artificial digestion method. four species of metacercariae (opisthorchis viverrini, haplorchis taichui, haplorchis yokogawai, and centrocestus formosanus) were detected. o. viverrini w ...201323467784
a cross-sectional study on the potential transmission of the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and other fishborne zoonotic trematodes by aquaculture fish.throughout southeast asia and china, eating raw and or partially cooked cyprinid fish causes liver (hepatobiliary) disease and cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) due to fishborne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), in particular clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini. the primary source of transmission is by native fish, but aquaculture fish are also reported to have high infective potential. here, a cross-sectional survey of fzt in fish farms was conducted in an endemic area in khon kaen province, thai ...201323320421
centrocestus formosanus (heterophyidae): human infections and the infection source in lao pdr.in lao people's democratic republic (pdr), we detected 7 patients infected with centrocestus formosanus (1-122 adult specimens) after praziquantel treatment and purgation, together with several other trematode species including opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui. the patients were all men, 23-42 yr-of-age. three subjects were from vientiane municipality and 1 each were from khammouane, saravane, champassak, and xiengkhouang province. the patients had frequently eaten raw freshwater fi ...201323116489
diagnosis of fasciola gigantica infection using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisa for detection of circulating cathepsin b3 protease.a reliable monoclonal antibody (moab)-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich elisa) was developed for the detection of circulating cathepsin b3 protease (catb3) in the sera from mice experimentally infected with fasciola gigantica and cattle naturally infected with the same parasite. the moab 2f9 and biotinylated rabbit polyclonal anti-recombinant catb3 antibody were selected due to their high reactivities and specificities to f. gigantica catb3 antigen based on indirect elis ...201323567552
high prevalence of haplorchiasis in nan and lampang provinces, thailand, proven by adult worm recovery from suspected opisthorchiasis cases.opisthorchiasis, a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in humans, is of public health importance in thailand. the annual surveillance reports from nan and lampang provinces, thailand, for the year 2011 showed an opisthorchiasis prevalence of over 70% by recovery of eggs in the feces. this study investigated whether most cases are actually due to minute intestinal flukes (mif) rather than opisthorchis viverrini, as the eggs of both can hardly be differentiated by morphology. fifty and 100 cases fr ...201324516289
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant saposin-like protein 2 of fasciola gigantica.a monoclonal antibody (moab) against recombinant fasciola gigantica saposin-like protein 2 (rfgsap-2) was produced by hybridoma technique using spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with rfgsap-2. this moab is an igg1, κ light chain isotype. by immunoblotting and indirect elisa, the moab reacted specifically with rfgsap-2, the natural fgsap-2 at 10kda in whole body (wb) and excretory-secretory (es) fractions of f. gigantica. it did not cross react with antigens in wb fractions from other paras ...201323164839
a cross-sectional study on intestinal parasitic infections in rural communities, northeast thailand.despite the existence of effective anthelmintics, parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in southeast asia, including thailand. in rural communities, continuing infection is often reinforced by dietary habits that have a strong cultural basis and by poor personal hygiene and sanitation. this study presents a survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the people in rural thailand. the community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in villages in khon ...201324516280
molecular differentiation of opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis eggs by multiplex real-time pcr with high resolution melting analysis.opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis are parasites known to be carcinogenic and causative agents of cholangiocarcinoma in asia. the standard method for diagnosis for those parasite infections is stool examination to detect parasite eggs. however, the method has low sensitivity, and eggs of o. viverrini and c. sinensis are difficult to distinguish from each other and from those of some other trematodes. here, we report a multiplex real-time pcr coupled with high resolution melting (hrm) ...201324516275
exome sequencing identifies distinct mutational patterns in liver fluke-related and non-infection-related bile duct cancers.the impact of different carcinogenic exposures on the specific patterns of somatic mutation in human tumors remains unclear. to address this issue, we profiled 209 cholangiocarcinomas (ccas) from asia and europe, including 108 cases caused by infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and 101 cases caused by non-o. viverrini-related etiologies. whole-exome sequencing (n = 15) and prevalence screening (n = 194) identified recurrent somatic mutations in bap1 and arid1a, neither of which ...201324185513
stage-specific expression and antigenicity of glycoprotein glycans isolated from the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.infection by opisthorchis viverrini (liver fluke) is a major public health problem in southeastern asia, resulting in hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma. fluke surface glycoconjugates are prominently presented to the host, thereby constituting a crucial immunological interface that can determine the parasite's success in establishing infection. therefore, n- and o-linked glycoprotein glycan profiles of the infective metacercarial stage and of the mature adult were investigated by nanos ...201323174105
gene expression profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (icc) is ranked as one of the top five causes of cancer-related deaths. icc in thai patients is associated with infection with the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, but the molecular basis for development remains unclear. the present study employed a microarray approach to compare gene expression profiles of iccs and normal liver tissues from the same patients residing in northeast thailand, a region with a high prevalence of liver fluke infection. in icc sampl ...201323534794
alcohol and alkalosis enhance excystation of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae.the northeastern region of thailand has long been known as an endemic area of the human liver fluke infection which is caused by opisthorchis viverrini. humans are infected by ingestion of uncooked cyprinoid fish in traditional dishes such as "koi-pla," "pla-som," "pla-jom," and "pla-ra." to date, the prevalence of this parasite infection remains high because of cultural behavior and local beliefs. the popular misunderstanding among people in this area is that alcohol, lemon juice, and fish sauc ...201323460293
overexpression of microrna-21 regulating pdcd4 during tumorigenesis of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma contributes to tumor growth and metastasis.microrna, an endogenous noncoding rna modulating gene expression, is a key molecule that by its dysregulation plays roles in inflammatory-driven carcinogenesis. this study aimed to investigate the role of oncomir mir-21 and its target, the programmed cell death 4 (pdcd4) in tumor growth and metastasis of the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the expression levels of mir-21 and pdcd4 were analyzed using the taqman mirna expression assay and immunohistochemist ...201323417858
opisthorchis viverrini: implications of the systematics of first intermediate hosts, bithynia snail species in thailand and lao pdr.bithynia snails are important hosts of the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini. allozyme markers were used to examine genetic variation and the systematics of bithynia snails from different geographical localities in thailand and lao pdr. our results show that bithynia siamensis goniomphalos contains two major evolutionary clades with at least nine morphologically similar but genetically distinct "cryptic" species (taxa). clade a consists of snails from the chi and the mun river wetlands, ...201323305887
association between praziquantel and cholangiocarcinoma in patients infected with opisthorchis viverrini: a systematic review and meta-analysis.the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, and the associated incidence of subsequent cholangiocarcinoma (cca) are still a public health problem in thailand, and praziquantel (pzq) remains the antihelminthic drug of choice for treatment. evidence in hamsters shows that repeated infection and pzq treatments could increase the risk of cca. however, the existing evidence in humans is inconclusive regarding increased risk of cca with frequency of pzq intake.201324377641
carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini oxysterols detected by lc-ms/ms survey of soluble fraction parasite extract.liquid chromatography in tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) has emerged as an informative tool to investigate oxysterols (oxidized derivatives of cholesterol) in helminth parasite associated cancers. here, we used lc-ms/ms to investigate in soluble extracts of the adult developmental stage of opisthorchis viverrini from experimentally infected hamsters. using comparisons with known bile acids and the metabolites of estrogens, the lc-ms data indicated the existence of novel oxysterol derivatives ...201323973383
infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini modifies intestinal and biliary microbiome.opisthorchis viverrini is a fish-borne trematode endemic in east asia. following ingestion, the flukes locate to the biliary tre where chronic infection frequently leads to cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the mechanisms by which o. viverrini infection culminates in cca remain unknown. an unexplored aspect is its influence on the host microbiome. in the hamster, infection with this pathogen reliably leads to cca. genomic dnas of microbiota from colorectal contents and bile of hamsters and from whole o. ...201323925654
infection with opisthorchis viverrini and use of praziquantel among a working-age population in northeast thailand.infection with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) due to eating certain traditional freshwater fish dishes is the principal risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in northeast thailand where the infection is endemic and the incidence of this form of primary liver cancer has been the highest in the world. this paper is the second report of a prospective research project to monitor the impacts of a national liver fluke control programme in a rural community of northeast thailand. a sample of 684 villagers ag ...201323803062
melatonin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma and reduces liver injury in opisthorchis viverrini-infected and n-nitrosodimethylamine-treated hamsters.the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini infection and n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) administration induce cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and liver injury in hamsters. melatonin protects against liver injury and reduces the alteration of mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in various cancer types. to investigate the chemopreventive effect of melatonin on cca genesis and liver injury, hamsters were treated with a combination ...201323772655
dna damage in inflammation-related carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells.infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells and result in oxidative and nitrative dna damage, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodg) and 8-nitroguanine. the dna damage can cause mutations and has been implicated in the initiation and/or promotion of inflammation-mediated carcinogen ...201324382987
species-specific primers designed from rapd products for bithynia funiculata, the first intermediate host of liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, in north thailand.bithynia funiculata is the first intermediate host of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini in northern thailand but its identification through morphological analysis is often problematic due to the shortage of gastropod taxonomists. as a consequence, we focused on the development of species-specific primers for use as an identification tool. our work involved recovery of a 502-base pair (bp) amplicon of unknown function through species-specific primers whose effectiveness was tested by a ...201323157281
activity of tribendimidine and praziquantel combination therapy against the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini in vitro and in vivo.opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, a food-borne trematode, is an important public health problem; however, only a single drug, praziquantel is available. we investigated tribendimidine-praziquantel combinations against o. viverrini in vitro and in vivo. the ic50 values of 0.16 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml were determined for praziquantel and tribendimidine, respectively, against adult o. viverrini in vitro. when o. viverrini was exposed to both drugs simultaneously (using ...201322892101
immunosuppressive prednisolone enhances early cholangiocarcinoma in syrian hamsters with liver fluke infection and administration of n-nitrosodimethylamine.chronic infection with opisthorchis viverrini for many years has been associated with the development of hepatobiliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma. it is well known that inflammation is a key component of the tumor microenvironment, and that chronic inflammation plays an important role in tumorigenesis. therefore, in this study cholangiocarcinogenesis was induced in syrian hamsters in order to observe the cancer-related inflammation. the syrian hamsters were divided into 5 groups: unin ...201322851165
establishment of an allo-transplantable hamster cholangiocarcinoma cell line and its application for in vivo screening of anti-cancer drugs.opisthorchis viverrini (o. viverrini) is a well-known causative agent of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in humans. cca is very resistant to chemotherapy and is frequently fatal. to understand the pathogenesis of cca in humans, a rodent model was developed. however, the development of cca in rodents is time-consuming and the xenograft-transplantation model of human cca in immunodeficient mice is costly. therefore, the establishment of an in vivo screening model for o. viverrini-associated cca treatment ...201324516278
distribution and abundance of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in cyprinid fish in northeastern thailand.to increase public health awareness for prevention of opisthorchiasis caused by eating raw freshwater fish, the distribution and abundance of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (ov mc) was investigated in freshwater fish obtained from 20 provinces in northeastern thailand between april 2011 and february 2012. a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 12,890 fish consisting of 13 species randomly caught from 26 rivers, 10 dams, and 38 ponds/lakes. fish, were collected in each of the rainy and w ...201324516277
curcumin prevents bile canalicular alterations in the liver of hamsters infected with opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchis viverrini infection causes inflammation and liver injury leading to periductal fibrosis. little is known about the pathological alterations in bile canaliculi in opisthorchiasis. this study aimed to investigate bile canalicular alterations in o. viverrini-infected hamsters and to examine the chemopreventive effects of curcumin on such changes. hamsters were infected with o. viverrini and one group of animals was fed with 1% dietary curcumin supplement. animals were examined during t ...201324516276
anti-apoptotic phenotypes of cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol-resistant human cholangiocytes: characteristics contributing to the genesis of cholangiocarcinoma.the oxysterols cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (triol) and 3-keto-cholest-4-ene (3k4) are increased in opisthorchis viverrini-associated hamster cholangiocarcinoma and induce dna damage and apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent mechanism in mmnk-1 human cholangiocytes. based on these observations, we hypothesized that chronic exposure of cholangiocytes to these pathogenic oxysterols may allow a growth advantage to a subset of these cells through selection for resistance to apoptosis, thereby contribut ...201323959098
mri and (1)h mrs evaluation for the serial bile duct changes in hamsters after infection with opisthorchis viverrini.a 3t mr scanner was used to investigate the relationship between the alteration of bile duct lesions and the hepatic metabolic changes in hamsters infected with opisthorchis viverrini by using 3t mri and (1)h mr spectroscopy. animals were divided into control and infected groups. five normal hamsters were used as control; fifty-five hamsters were infected with o. viverrini to induce bile duct lesions and hepatic metabolic changes. t2-weighted image sequence in three orthogonal planes were conduc ...201323891436
does a combination of opisthorchiasis and ethyl alcohol consumption enhance early cholangiofibrosis, the risk of cholangiocarcinoma?combination of opisthorchis viverrini infection and other factors could drive cholangiocarcinoma (cca) development in southeast asia. however, other cca factors are obscure. alcohol consumption is well known in the risk for several cancers, but there is no report in cca development. therefore, the present study was to clarify whether drinking alcohol increases the liver pathology of opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection which may be the cca risk. experimental syrian hamsters were divided into tw ...201323807659
a follow-up study of opisthorchis viverrini infection after the implementation of control program in a rural community, central thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is still one of the public health problems in thailand. our recent cohort study conducted in a rural community in central thailand showed that the incidence rate of o. viverrini infection in 2002-2004 was 21.6/100 person-years. conventional control activities including case diagnosis and treatment, hygienic defecation promotion and health education focusing on avoiding raw fish consumption was implemented. this study aimed to re-assess the status of infection aft ...201323786863
annexin a1: a new immunohistological marker of cholangiocarcinoma.to evaluate a new immunohistological marker, annexin a1 (anxa1), in cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).201323674846
tumor-related gene changes in immunosuppressive syrian hamster cholangiocarcinoma.the results of a previous study demonstrated that prednisolone enhanced cholangiocarcinogenesis. therefore, to clarify molecular changes during immunosuppressive cholangiocarcinogenesis, syrian hamsters were divided into 8 groups: uninfected controls; immunosuppressed syrian hamsters using prednisolone (p); normal syrian hamsters administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (nd); immunosuppressed syrian hamsters administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndis); normal syrian hamsters infected with opisthorchis ...201323645518
histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos incubated in crude extracts of camellia seed and mangosteen pericarp.the present study was performed to observe histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (gastropoda, bithyniidae) incubated in crude extract solutions of camellia (camellia oleifera) seed and mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp, and furthermore to estimate the molluscicidal effects of 2 plant substances. substantial numbers of bithyniid snails were incubated in various concentrations of 2 plant solution for 24 hr. as the positive control, snails incubated in vari ...201324327779
a combination of praziquantel and the traditional medicinal plant thunbergia laurifolia on opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma in a hamster model.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) associated by opisthorchis viverrini remains a health problem in southeast asia including thailand. at present, there is still no efficient treatment for cca. thunbergia laurifolia is a traditionally used medicinal plant; its aqueous leave extract possesses the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory on hamster opisthorchiasis had been reported previously. here, we demonstrate the combined effects of the t. laurifolia extract plus antihelminthic drug, praziquantel (pz ...201324057695
improved performance and quantitative detection of copro-antigens by a monoclonal antibody based elisa to diagnose human opisthorchiasis.copro-antigen detection has been advocated as a promising method for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis, particularly in people that harbored light infection or have had recent drug treatment. this study aimed to improve performance of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mab-elisa) for detection of opisthorchis viverrini copro-antigen and assess the correlation between copro-antigen and intensity of infection. four different treatment methods of 71 samples from the lawa ende ...201324055716
combined effects of polymorphisms of dna-repair protein genes and metabolic enzyme genes on the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.although opisthorchis viverrini is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma, not all the infected individuals develop cholangiocarcinoma. we investigated whether the base excision repair enzyme gene polymorphisms with differentiated repair capacities of inflammation-related deoxyribonucleic acid damage may play a key role and such possible effects from those genes may be increased or diminished in co-existence of polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes, including glutathione-s-transferases mu 1 and gluta ...201324049014
human contact influences the foraging behaviour and parasite community in long-tailed macaques.human–wildlife interactions have reached unprecedented levels, and humans are influencing the earth’s ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever before. this situation is cause for serious concern, especially since disease interactions between wildlife and humans have been recognized as major conservation threats. in this study, long-tailed macaques, macaca fascicularis, from 2 forest parks located in north-eastern thailand were investigated to determine the influence of habitat modificat ...201323363557
oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin as a predictive risk marker of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.the oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin (ox-a1at) is one modified form of a1at, generated via oxidation at its active site by free radicals released from inflammatory cells which subsequently are unable to inhibit protease enzymes. the presence of ox-a1at in human serum has been used as oxidative stress indicator in many diseases. as oxidative/nitrative damage is one major contributor in opisthorchiasis-driven cholangiocarcinogenesis, we determined a1at and ox-a1at expression in human cholangiocarcinom ...201323188705
α-tocopherol and lipid profiles in plasma and the expression of α-tocopherol-related molecules in the liver of opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.opisthorchis viverrini infection induces inflammation-mediated oxidative stress and liver injury, which may alter α-tocopherol and lipid metabolism. we investigated plasma α-tocopherol and lipid profiles in hamsters infected with o. viverrini. levels of α-tocopherol, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein increased in the acute phase of infection. in the chronic phase, α-tocopherol decreased, while triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein increased. notably, high-density lipoprotein decre ...201323178928
viable metacercariae of opisthorchis viverrini in northeastern thai cyprinid fish dishes--as part of a rational program for control of o. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma.among the various types of chronic helminthic infections, only schistosomiasis hematobium, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis in a long-standing inflammation are found to be causative agents of cancer. opisthorchiasis and opisthorchis viverrini-associated bile duct cancer are prevalent among the residents in northeastern thailand, who prefer consuming raw or improperly cooked cyprinid fish. although numerous studies have reported on the presence of o. viverrini metacercariae in freshwater cyprin ...201323052784
diagnosis of early infection and post chemotherapeutic treatment by copro-dna detection in experimental opisthorchiasis.opisthorchis viverrini is considered as a carcinogenic parasite which is responsible for cholangiocarcinoma in southeast asia. effective treatment and control of the parasite to reduce the risk of cancer requires efficient diagnostic methods. because of the limitations involved in human studies, the present work is aimed at comparing diagnostic performance of copro-dna detection by pcr and fecal examination by formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (fect) during the course of o. viverrin ...201323052766
environmental determinants of opisthorchis viverrini prevalence in northeast thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is an important, human, parasitic disease along the middle and lower mekong river of southeast asia. despite vast efforts in epidemiological research, the wide geographical variation in o. viverrini prevalence remains unexplained. to investigate the potential influence of village location, prevalence data recorded during the year 2009 for 90 villages in northeast thailand were analysed by a geographical information systems approach based on a digital elevation mo ...201324258888
dna barcode identification of freshwater snails in the family bithyniidae from thailand.freshwater snails in the family bithyniidae are the first intermediate host for southeast asian liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini), the causative agent of opisthorchiasis. unfortunately, the subtle morphological characters that differentiate species in this group are not easily discerned by non-specialists. this is a serious matter because the identification of bithyniid species is a fundamental prerequisite for better understanding of the epidemiology of this disease. because dna barcoding, t ...201324223896
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in humans and fish in kratie province, cambodia.opisthorchis viverrini is a medically important foodborne parasite in the indochina peninsula. in cambodia, the prevalence of this trematode has been reported in takeo province, but not in other areas. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of o. viverrini infection among people in seven riparian villages along the mekong river, kratie province. we also examined the status of metacercarial infection in fish hosts. fecal specimens were collected from 2101 residents and schoolchildren, and ...201222935318
efficacy of praziquantel against schistosoma mekongi and opisthorchis viverrini: a randomized, single-blinded dose-comparison trial.schistosomiasis and opisthorchiasis are of public health importance in southeast asia. praziquantel (pzq) is the drug of choice for morbidity control but few dose comparisons have been made.201222848766
severe morbidity due to opisthorchis viverrini and schistosoma mekongi infection in lao people's democratic republic.we assessed morbidity due to opisthorchis viverrini and schistosoma mekongi infections in 243 individuals in lao people's democratic republic. morbidity was associated with o. viverrini infection intensity. coinfection with s. mekongi resulted in excess risk of liver fibrosis and left liver lobe enlargement. the high public health impact of opisthorchiasis warrants control.201222670046
elevated plasma il-6 associates with increased risk of advanced fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in individuals infected by opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchis viverrini is considered among the most important of the food-borne trematodes due to its strong association with advanced periductal fibrosis and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). we investigated the relationship between plasma levels of interleukin (il)-6 and the risk of developing advanced fibrosis and bile duct cancer from chronic opisthorchis infection. we show that il-6 circulates in plasma at concentrations 58 times higher in individuals with advanced fibrosis than age, s ...201222629477
ultrasonography as a tool for monitoring the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma in opisthorchis viverrini/ dimethylnitrosamine-induced hamsters.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the most common cancer in northeastern thailand. at present, effective diagnosis of cca either in humans or animals is not available. monitoring the development and progression of cca in animal models is essential for research and development of new promising chemotherapeutics. ultrasonography has been widely used for screening of bile duct obstruction in cca patients. in this study, we preliminarily investigated the applicability of ultrasonography to monitor the dev ...201222502719
alteration of galectin-1 during tumorigenesis of opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathology.galectin-1 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin to function in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and might be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. in the present study, the expression kinetics of galectin-1 during the tumorigenesis of a parasite opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma (cca) was investigated in model animal hamsters, and the expression was confirmed in human cca cases. it was found that galectin-1 was overexpressed at mrna and protein lev ...201222373585
spatial distribution of, and risk factors for, opisthorchis viverrini infection in southern lao pdr.opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne trematode species that might give rise to biliary diseases and the fatal cholangiocarcinoma. in lao pdr, an estimated 2.5 million individuals are infected with o. viverrini, but epidemiological studies are scarce and the spatial distribution of infection remains to be determined. our aim was to map the distribution of o. viverrini in southern lao pdr, identify underlying risk factors, and predict the prevalence of o. viverrini at non-surveyed locations.201222348157
population genetic structuring in opisthorchis viverrini over various spatial scales in thailand and lao pdr.khon kaen province in northeast thailand is known as a hot spot for opisthorchiasis in southeast asia. preliminary allozyme and mitochondrial dna haplotype data from within one endemic district in this province (ban phai), indicated substantial genetic variability within opisthorchis viverrini. here, we used microsatellite dna analyses to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of o. viverrini from four geographically close localities in khon kaen province. genotyping based on 12 ...201223166853
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