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the cghaa1-regulon mediates response and tolerance to acetic acid stress in the human pathogen candida glabrata.to thrive in the acidic vaginal tract, candida glabrata has to cope with high concentrations of acetic acid. the mechanisms underlying c. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid at low ph remain largely uncharacterized. in this work, the essential role of the cghaa1 transcription factor (encoded by orf cagl0l09339g) in the response and tolerance of c. glabrata to acetic acid is demonstrated. transcriptomic analysis showed that cghaa1 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of about 75% of th ...201727815348
the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 play a role in virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogen candida glabrata.the mechanisms of persistence and virulence associated with candida glabrata infections are poorly understood, limiting the ability to fight this fungal pathogen. in this study, the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 are shown to play a role in c. glabrata virulence. the survival of the infection model galleria mellonella, infected with c. glabrata, was found to increase upon the deletion of either cgtpo1_1 or cgtpo1_2. the underlying mechanisms were further explored. in the ...201727780306
expression patterns of abc transporter genes in fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata.clinical management of fungal diseases is compromised by the emergence of antifungal drug resistance in fungi, which leads to elimination of available drug classes as treatment options. an understanding of antifungal resistance at molecular level is, therefore, essential for the development of strategies to combat the resistance. this study presents the assessment of molecular mechanisms associated with fluconazole resistance in clinical candida glabrata isolates originated from iran. taking sev ...201727744635
comparison of bactec™ blood culture media for the detection of fungemia.the aim of the present study was to investigate whether addition of the bactec™ mycosis bottle to the standard bactec™ aerobic and anaerobic bottles contributed to a higher detection rate and a faster time to detection (ttd) of fungi. this was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with a positive blood culture with candida species delivered to the department of clinical microbiology, herlev and gentofte hospital, denmark in the 8-year period 2006 through 2014. the patients had at least on ...201727677278
impact of a multifaceted educational intervention including serious games to improve the management of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients.infections caused by candida species are common in critically ill patients and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. the epico project (epico 1 and epico 2.0 studies) recently used a delphi approach to elaborate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in critically ill adult patients. we aimed to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention based on the epico 1 and epico 2.0 recommendations.201727645566
onychomycosis secondary to onychomadesis: an underdiagnosed manifestation.onychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non-inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is common in children especially in those who suffer from viral infections. in this study, we investigated recent cases of onychomycosis subsequent to periods of onychomadesis in children. sixteen young children (six males, 10 females) with a mean age of 36.5 months were diagnosed with onychomadesis, and 13 of the patients had a history ...201727618806
candida-induced prosthetic joint infection. a literature review including 72 cases and a case report.the clinical and microbiological characteristics of prosthetic joint infection (pji) caused by candida species is described, including 72 cases in the literature and a case of candida glabrata infection handled at the present centre.201727586845
new adamantyl chalcones: synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activities.a new variety of adamantyl chalcones (2, 3a-o) were efficiently prepared by claisen-schmidt reaction of 4-adamantyl acetophenone 2 with a serie of aromatic aldehydes in good yields. their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data, and the relative configuration of 3d was confirmed by x-ray crystallography. all synthesized chalcones were tested against a panel of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungus and displayed strong antibacterial activity against enterococcus fa ...201727558673
acute hepatic injury with amphotericin b deoxycholate in an immunocompetent patient.amphotericin b deoxycholate (ambd) is rarely used due to its adverse effect profile, which includes nephrotoxicity, infusion-related reactions, and hepatotoxicity. the incidence of hepatotoxicity related to ambd is 18-23%, but the reports of this adverse effect are mainly in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy. we report a case of ambd-related acute hepatic injury in an immunocompetent male with multiple medical problems. the patient initially had acute hepatic injury likely caused ...201727440960
upregulation of the adhesin gene epa1 mediated by pdr1 in candida glabrata leads to enhanced host colonization.candida glabrata is the second most common candida species causing disseminated infection, after c. albicans. c. glabrata is intrinsically less susceptible to the widely used azole antifungal drugs and quickly develops secondary resistance. resistance typically relies on drug efflux with transporters regulated by the transcription factor pdr1. gain-of-function (gof) mutations in pdr1 lead to a hyperactive state and thus efflux transporter upregulation. our laboratory has characterized a collecti ...201727303714
identification of fungi species in the onychomycosis of institutionalized elderly.superficial fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or filamentous fungi. they are correlated to the etiologic agent, the level of integrity of the host immune response, the site of the lesion and also the injured tissue.201723793195
dna interaction, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and molecular docking study of some new vo(ii), cr(iii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) mononuclear chelates encompassing quaridentate imine ligand.the present study was conducted to synthesis of some new imine cr(iii), vo(ii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) complexes derived from the condensation of 2-amino phenol with 2-hydroxynapthaldehyde were synthesized. the prepared hnpn imine ligand was analyzed by its melting point, ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr spectroscopies. the investigated hnpn imine complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ft ir, uv-vis and thermal analysis (tga) under nitrogen atmosphere from ambient temperature to 750°c. the exp ...201728456118
comparative evaluation of six chromogenic media for presumptive yeast identification.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the discrimination ability of six chromogenic media in presumptive yeast identification.201728663328
progress in definition, prevention and treatment of fungal infections in cystic fibrosis.cystic fibrosis (cf) is a chronic lethal multi-system condition; however, most of the morbidity and mortality is dependent on the status of the respiratory system. progressive respiratory decline is mediated by chronic infection and inflammation, punctuated by important acute events known as pulmonary exacerbations which can lead to accelerated decline. the main bacterial species causing infections include pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and achromobacter xy ...201728762125
evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected saudi scorpion venoms tested against multidrug-resistant micro-organisms.scorpion venoms are a rich source of bioactive peptides with promising clinical value that may lead to the discovery and development of new drugs. the present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the venoms extracted from three medically important saudi scorpions (androctonus crassicauda, androctonus bicolor and leiurus quinquestriatus).201728587870
an investigation on non-invasive fungal sinusitis; molecular identification of etiologic agents.fungal sinusitis is increasing worldwide in the past two decades. it is divided into two types including invasive and noninvasive. noninvasive types contain allergic fungal sinusitis (afs) and fungus ball. afs is a hypersensitivity reaction to fungal allergens in the mucosa of the sinonasal tract in atopic individuals. the fungus ball is a different type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis which is delineated as an accumulation of debris and fungal elements inside a paranasal sinus. fungal sinu ...201728616054
evaluation of the in vitro activity of isavuconazole and comparator voriconazole against 2635 contemporary clinical candida and aspergillus isolates.the in vitro activity of isavuconazole was determined for 1677 candida and 958 aspergillus isolates from 2012 to 2014 with voriconazole as comparator.201728373148
the global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management.all serious fungal infections need appropriate antifungal therapy for successful patient outcome. only a few classes of antifungal drugs are available, so the emergence of resistance to single drug classes and now multidrug resistance greatly hampers patient management. azole resistance among candida and aspergillus species is one of the greatest challenges to clinical success, followed by echinocandin and multidrug resistance among some candida species, especially candida glabrata. the spread o ...201728774698
successful treatment of pulmonary candidiasis and aspergillosis in patient with refractory hodgkin lymphoma using micafungin - case study and brief literature review.the number of patients with hematological malignancies who develop invasive fungal disease (ifd) has increased dramatically in recent decades. this increase is attributed to impairment of the host immune system due to intensive cytotoxic chemotherapies, use of corticosteroids and profound immunosuppression after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). additionally, the increasing prevalence of fungal infections caused by emerging and rare pathogens, ifd of mixed etiology or of atypical l ...201728680340
heteroleptic metal(ii) complexes of hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate and diimines: synthesis, theoretical calculations, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies.a series of heteroleptic metal(ii) complexes of formulation [m(tm)(diimine)](clo4) (1-8), [tm = hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate, diimine = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and m = mn(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) or zn(ii)] have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. the geometric parameters of the complexes were determined using uv-vis spectroscopy and dft calculations. the analyses of homo and lumo have been used to explain the charge transfer within the molecule. antimicrobial ...201728546116
epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of yeast isolates causing invasive infections across urban beijing, china.to investigate the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolates causing invasive infections across beijing.201728836465
stratum corneum lipid liposome-encapsulated panomycocin: preparation, characterization, and the determination of antimycotic efficacy against candida spp. isolated from patients with vulvovaginitis in an in vitro human vaginal epithelium tissue model.in this study, a liposomal lyophilized powder formulation of panomycocin was developed for therapeutic purposes against vulvovaginal candidiasis which affects 80% of women worldwide. panomycocin is a potent antimycotic protein secreted by the yeast wickerhamomyces anomalus ncyc 434. this study involved the preparation of panomycocin-loaded stratum corneum lipid liposomes (sclls), characterization of the sclls, and determination of antimycotic efficacy of the formulation against candida albicans ...201728831255
differentiation of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida krusei by ft-ir and chemometrics by chromagar™ candida.pathogenic candida species are detected in clinical infections. chromagar™ is a phenotypical method used to identify candida species, although it has limitations, which indicates the need for more sensitive and specific techniques. infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) is an analytical vibrational technique used to identify patterns of metabolic fingerprint of biological matrixes, particularly whole microbial cell systems as candida sp. in association of classificatory chemometrics algorithms. on the ot ...201728822772
fungicidal activity of copper-sputtered flexible surfaces under dark and actinic light against azole-resistant candida albicans and candida glabrata.candida spp. are able to survive on hospital surfaces and causes healthcare-associated infections (hcais). since surface cleaning and disinfecting interventions are not totally effective to eliminate candida spp., new approaches should be devised. copper (cu) has widely recognized antifungal activity and the use of cu-sputtered surfaces has recently been proposed to curb the spread of hcais. moreover, the activity of cu under the action of actinic light remains underexplored. we investigated the ...201728802173
monitoring antifungal resistance in a global collection of invasive yeasts and moulds: application of clsi epidemiological cutoff values and whole genome sequencing analysis for detection of azole resistance in candida albicans.the activity of 7 antifungal agents was evaluated against 3,557 invasive yeasts and moulds collected in 29 countries worldwide during 2014-2015. epidemiological cutoff values (ecvs) published in the clsi m59 document were applied for species with no clinical breakpoints. echinocandin susceptibility rates were 95.9% to 100.0% for the 5 most common candida species except anidulafungin and c. parapsilosis (88.7% susceptible/100.0% wild-type). fluconazole resistance ranged from 8.0% for c. glabrata ...201728784671
prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of candida species in a tertiary care hospital in islamabad, pakistan.to determine the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of candida species.201728770873
evaluation of candidemia in epidemiology and risk factors among cancer patients in a cancer center of china: an 8-year case-control study.candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. this study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvement on current therapeutic strategies and prognosis.201728768479
first reported case of donor related candida endophthalmitis after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.to report the first case of candida donor to host transmission following descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (dmek).201728761565
changes in the distribution of colonising and infecting candida spp. isolates, antifungal drug consumption and susceptibility in a french intensive care unit: a 10-year study.monitoring fungal ecology and resistance to antifungal agents within intensive care units (icu) is essential for the management of invasive fungal infections. therefore, a retrospective descriptive study was carried in the icu of nimes university hospital, france, from 2007 to 2016. as the majority of invasive fungal infections in icu are caused by candida species, the study objectives were to describe candida species distribution, to assess candidaemia incidence and to monitor the antifungal dr ...201728758337
candida and porphyromonas gingivalis: the effect on wound closure in vitro.microorganisms play a role in oral mucositis after cancer therapy. the current study explored the hypothesis that candida spp. alone and together with porphyromonas gingivalis cause delayed healing of oral ulcerations due to the inhibition of wound closure. an in vitro scratch assay model was used to study the influence of viable and heat-killed candida glabrata, candida kefyr, and candida albicans on cell migration of oral epithelial cells. separately, the effect of conditioned medium of candid ...201728748033
anticandidal activity of extracts and a novel compound, amnomopin, isolated from petriella setifera.a novel triterpenoidal compound named 'amnomopin' (3β-diglucoside-5,12-28-oic acid), which is named iupac as 3-o-(2' ➔ 1″diglucoside)1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydro-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethylpicene-4a-carboxylic acid, was isolated from the extract petriella setifera. the total alcoholic extract of p. setifera showed a great activity against clinically isolated candida species, including candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida g ...201728730719
mitochondrial cochaperone mge1 is involved in regulating susceptibility to fluconazole in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida species.mge1 encodes a yeast chaperone involved in fe-s cluster metabolism and protein import into the mitochondria. in this study, we identified mge1 as a multicopy suppressor of susceptibility to the antifungal fluconazole in the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae we demonstrate that this phenomenon is not exclusively dependent on the integrity of the mitochondrial dna or on the presence of the drug efflux pump pdr5. instead, we show that the increased dosage of mge1 plays a protective role by retai ...201728720726
unexpected effects of azole transporter inhibitors on antifungal susceptibility in candida glabrata and other pathogenic candida species.the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata is often resistant to azole antifungal agents. drug efflux through azole transporters, such as cdr1 and cdr2, is a key mechanism of azole resistance and these genes are under the control of the transcription factor pdr1. recently, the monoamine oxidase a (mao-a) inhibitor clorgyline was shown to inhibit the azole efflux pumps, leading to increased azole susceptibility in c. glabrata. in the present study, we have evaluated the effects of clorgyline on susce ...201728700656
a study of pre-operative presence of micro-organisms in affected knee joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients who need total knee arthroplasty.to evaluate, by way of intraoperative tissue culture and pathological study, the pre-operative presence of micro-organisms in knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) who need total knee arthroplasty (tka).201727919672
in vitro and in vivo antifungal profile of a novel and long acting inhaled azole, pc945, on aspergillus fumigatus infection.the profile of pc945, a novel triazole antifungal, designed for administration via inhalation, has been assessed in a range of in vitro and in vivo studies. pc945 was characterized as a potent, tight-binding inhibitor of aspergillus fumigatus sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51a and cyp51b) activity (ic50, 0.23 μm and 0.22 μm, respectively), with characteristic type ii azole binding spectra. against 96 clinically isolated a. fumigatus strains, the mic values of pc945 ranged from 0.032∼>8 μg/ml, whilst ...201728223388
activity of a long-acting echinocandin (cd101) and seven comparator antifungal agents tested against a global collection of contemporary invasive fungal isolates in the sentry 2014 antifungal surveillance program.the activity of cd101 and comparator antifungal agents against 606 invasive fungal isolates collected worldwide during 2014 was evaluated using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) method. all candida albicans (n = 251), candida tropicalis (n = 51), candida krusei (n = 16), and candida dubliniensis (n = 11) isolates were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml of cd101 and were susceptible or showed wild-type susceptibility to the other echinocandins tested. five c. glabrata isolates (n = 100 ...201728052853
synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 4-acylaminobenzenethiosulfoacid s-esters.a series of esters of 4-acetyl, 4-trifluoroacetyl- and 4-(3-chloropropionyl)aminobenzenethiosulfoacids (twenty-four compounds) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr and ir spectroscopy. the antibacterial activity of the novel candidates has been screened using the agar diffusion or serial dilution methods against representative gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mesentericus, mycobacterium sp., mycobacterium luteum), gram-negative (aero ...201728344478
antimicrobial metal-based thiophene derived compounds.a novel series of thiophene derived schiff bases and their transition metal- [co(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), ni(ii)] based compounds are reported. the schiff bases act as tridentate ligands toward metal ions via azomethine-n, deprotonated-n of ammine substituents and s-atom of thienyl moiety. the synthesized ligands along with their metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmon ...201727766891
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel benzylamine-type antifungals as butenafine-related antimycotics.benzylamine-type antimycotics like naftifine, butenafine, or terbinafine are a well-known class of antimycotics since the 1980s. the following paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel benzylamine-type antimycotics characterized by an isooctyl side chain and various substituents at the benzylamine moiety. the compounds were prepared from benzaldehyde derivatives and 2-amino-6-methylheptane by reductive amination with sodium triacetoxyborohydride and subsequent ...201728376264
fungal opportunistic pneumonias in hiv/aids patients: an indian tertiary care experience.opportunistic pneumonias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reactive patients. despite the significant role that fungi play in causation of this opportunistic mycoses, very few indian studies have attempted to investigate the burden and aetiological spectrum of hiv/aids-associated fungal pneumonias.201728384860
changing epidemiology of candidaemia in australia.knowledge of contemporary epidemiology of candidaemia is essential. we aimed to identify changes since 2004 in incidence, species epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of candida spp. causing candidaemia in australia.201728364558
regression analysis and categorical agreement of fluconazole disk zone diameters and minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution of clinical isolates of candida.rampant use of fluconazole in candida infections has led to predominance of less susceptible non-albicans candida over candida albicans. the aim of the study was to determine if zone diameters around fluconazole disk can be used to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for clinical isolates of candida species and vice versa. categorical agreement between the clinical & laboratory standards institute (clsi) recommended disk diffusion and clsi broth microdilution method was sought fo ...201728363817
distribution and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolates from intensive care unit patients.yeasts frequently colonize non-sterile sites in the body. the aim of the study was to determine distribution in clinical samples and antifungal susceptibility to five antifungals. from january 2013 through june 2015, 800 isolates were obtained from intensive care unit patients. candida albicans (58.9%), candida glabrata (20.4%), candida krusei (8.6%), and candida parapsilosis (3.6%) were the leading species. majority of the c. albicans isolates were susceptible to the fluconazole. elevated voric ...201728361459
risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of candidemia in an adult intensive care unit in turkey.thirty-six patients with candidemia and 37 control patients were included consecutively to determine the characteristics of candidemia episodes. the patients with candidemia had higher mortality with higher sequential organ failure assessment scores and frequency of use of a central venous catheter, total parenteral nutrition, and broad-spectrum antibiotics; chronic renal failure with replacement therapy; and longer stay in an intensive care unit. candida albicans was the predominant species fol ...201728359611
epidemiology, species distribution, clinical characteristics and mortality of candidaemia in a tertiary care university hospital in turkey, 2007-2014.candidaemia still continues to be a serious medical concern and the epidemiology of candidaemia varies according to geographical areas. we aim to determine the incidence, local epidemiology, candida species distribution and crude mortality rates of candidaemia. we retrospectively evaluated candidaemia episodes in between january 2007 and august 2014. we compared demographic, clinical, microbiological findings and mortality rates of episodes caused by candida albicans and non-albicans candida spe ...201728338249
predisposing factors and outcome of uncommon yeast species-related fungaemia based on an exhaustive surveillance programme (2002-14).using registry data to compare fungaemia caused by uncommon yeast species (uys; i.e. other than candida albicans , candida glabrata , candida parapsilosis , candida tropicalis and candida krusei ) and c. albicans -related fungaemia can reveal specific predisposing factors of uys with potential impact on treatment strategies.201728333259
echinocandins compared to fluconazole for candidemia of a urinary tract source: a propensity score analysis.whether echinocandins could be used to treat candidemia of a urinary tract source (cuts) is unknown. we aimed to provide current epidemiological information of cuts and to compare echinocandin to fluconazole treatment on cuts outcomes.201728329281
antimicrobial percutaneous nephrostomy catheters for the prevention of renal infections: in vitro studies.purpose - percutaneous nephrostomy (pcn) catheters are the primary method for draining ureters obstructed by malignancy and preventing a decline of the renal function. however, pcn-related infections such as pyelonephritis and urosepsis remain a significant concern. currently no antimicrobial pcns are available for preventing infectious complications. vascular catheters impregnated with minocycline/rifampin (m/r) and m/r with chlorhexidine coating (m/r+chd) have previously demonstrated antimicro ...201728320713
epidemiological and mycological characteristics of candidemia in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.to date, there has been no comprehensive review of the epidemiology, risk factors, species distribution, and outcomes of candidemia in iran. this study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all reported candidemia cases in iran until december 2015. the review process occurred in three steps, namely a literature search, data extraction and statistical analyses. after a comprehensive literature search, we identified 55 cases. the mean age of patients was 46.80±24.30 years (rang ...201728318900
vulvovaginal candidiasis: etiology, symptomatology and risk factors.to determine epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) in tunisian population and to evaluate predisposing factors.201728314677
antifungal drug susceptibility of candida species isolated from hiv-positive patients recruited at a public hospital in são luís, maranhão, brazil.oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). its progression results in invasive infections, which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. this study aimed to quickly and accurately identify candida spp. from oral mucosa of aids patients recruited at presidente vargas hospital, in são luís city, brazil and to evaluate the sensitivity profile of these fungi to antifungals by using an automated s ...201728303122
binding of candida albicans to human ceacam1 and ceacam6 modulates the inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cells.candida albicans colonizes human mucosa, including the gastrointestinal tract, as a commensal. in immunocompromised patients, c. albicans can breach the intestinal epithelial barrier and cause fatal invasive infections. carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1; cd66a), ceacam5 (cea), and ceacam6 (cd66c) are immunomodulatory receptors expressed on human mucosa and are recruited by bacterial and viral pathogens. here we show for the first time that a fungal pathogen (i.e. ...201728292985
candida krusei form mycelia along agar surfaces towards each other and other candida species.candida krusei has been known to exhibit communal interactions such as pellicle formation and crawling out of nutritional broth. we noticed another possible interaction on agar surfaces, where c. krusei yeast cells formed mycelia along agar surfaces toward each other. we report here the results of experiments to study this interaction.201728284180
utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species.despite the existence of a variety of available yeast-identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed.201728260588
structural analyses of candida albicans sterol 14α-demethylase complexed with azole drugs address the molecular basis of azole-mediated inhibition of fungal sterol biosynthesis.with some advances in modern medicine (such as cancer chemotherapy, broad exposure to antibiotics, and immunosuppression) the incidence of opportunistic fungal pathogens such as candida albicans has increased. cases of drug resistance among these pathogens have become more frequent, requiring the development of new drugs and a better understanding of the targeted enzymes. sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51) is a cytochrome p450 enzyme required for biosynthesis of sterols in eukaryotic cells and the m ...201728258218
[cancer and mycoses and literature review].various infectious agents are classical risk factors for cancer including bacteria, viruses and parasites. there is less evidence concerning the implication of fungal infection in carcinogenesis. the role of chronic candida infection in the development of squamous cell carcinoma has been suspected for years. candida sp are more prevalent in potentially malignant disorder and cancer of the oral mucosa. other epidemiological evidence of a link between candida infection and cancer is what is observ ...201728188605
antifungal activity of two root canal sealers against different strains of candida.microorganisms and microbial products are the main etiologic factors in pulp and periapical diseases. the present study aimed to compare the antifungal activity of two different sealers, ah-26 and mta fillapex against three strains of candida, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after mixing.201728179934
candida krusei and candida glabrata reduce the filamentation of candida albicans by downregulating expression of hwp1 gene.pathogenicity of candida albicans is associated with its capacity switch from yeast-like to hyphal growth. the hyphal form is capable to penetrate the epithelial surfaces and to damage the host tissues. therefore, many investigations have focused on mechanisms that control the morphological transitions of c. albicans. recently, certain studies have showed that non-albicans candida species can reduce the capacity of c. albicans to form biofilms and to develop candidiasis in animal models. then, t ...201728164244
fungicidal efficacy of various honeys against fluconazole-resistant candida species isolated from hiv(+) patients with candidiasis.honey is well known to possess a broad spectrum of activity against medically important organisms. the purpose of this study was to assess the antifungal activity of different honeys against 40 fluconazole (flu) resistant candida species, including candida albicans (c. albicans), candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida tropicalis.201728159362
lipid signaling via pkh1/2 regulates fungal co2 sensing through the kinase sch9.adaptation to alternating co2 concentrations is crucial for all organisms. carbonic anhydrases-metalloenzymes that have been found in all domains of life-enable fixation of scarce co2 by accelerating its conversion to bicarbonate and ensure maintenance of cellular metabolism. in fungi and other eukaryotes, the carbonic anhydrase nce103 has been shown to be essential for growth in air (~0.04% co2). expression of nce103 is regulated in response to co2 availability. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, nce ...201728143980
differential effects of the combination of tyrosol with chlorhexidine gluconate on oral biofilms.this study assessed the effect of tyrosol and chlorhexidine gluconate in combination against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and streptococcus mutans in the planktonic state or forming biofilms in vitro.201728142218
epidemiological investigation of candida species causing bloodstream infection in paediatric small bowel transplant recipients.small bowel transplantation (sbt) can be a life-saving medical procedure. however, these recipients experience high risk of bloodstream infections caused by candida. this research aims to characterise the sbt recipient gut microbiota over time following transplantation and investigate the epidemiology of candidaemia in seven paediatric patients. candida species from the recipients' ileum and bloodstream were identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence and distinguished to strain by multil ...201728139856
the berkeleylactones, antibiotic macrolides from fungal coculture.a carefully timed coculture fermentation of penicillium fuscum and p. camembertii/clavigerum yielded eight new 16-membered-ring macrolides, berkeleylactones a-h (1, 4, 6-9, 12, 13), as well as the known antibiotic macrolide a26771b (5), patulin, and citrinin. there was no evidence of the production of the berkeleylactones or a26771b (5) by either fungus when grown as axenic cultures. the structures were deduced from analyses of spectral data, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 9 ...201728326781
epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of norway spruce (picea abies) shows promising antibacterial and anti-candida activity.this study reports for the first time promising antibacterial and antifungal effects of epidihydropinidine, the major piperidine alkaloid in the needles and bark of norway spruce, picea abies (l.) karsten. epidihydropinidine was growth inhibitory against all bacterial and fungal strains used in our investigation, showing the lowest mic value of 5.37μg/ml against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, candida glabrata and c. albicans. epidihydropinidine was nearly three times more active ...201728163074
in vitro antifungal susceptibility of oral candida isolates from patients suffering from caries and chronic periodontitis.caries and chronic periodontitis are common oral diseases where a higher candida colonization is reported. antifungal agents could be adjuvant drugs for the therapy of both clinical conditions. the aim of the current study has been to evaluate the in vitro activities of conventional and new antifungal drugs against oral candida isolates from patients suffering from caries and/or chronic periodontitis. in vitro activities of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, nystatin, posacon ...201728124220
antifungal activity of substituted aurones.novel antifungals are in high demand as there is a growing resistance to antifungals currently in use. in particular, opportunistic fungal infections caused by candida spp. are on the rise with infections by this genus accounting for the most severe fungal infections following chemotherapy, implantation procedures, and in patients with hiv/aids. a series of simple aurone analogs were synthesized and screened for antifungal activity versus candida spp. several compounds displayed activity at 100μ ...201728094180
pharmacokinetic study of anidulafungin in icu patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis.only limited pharmacokinetic data are available for anidulafungin in icu patients, especially in patients treated for severe intra-abdominal infection (iai).201728088767
scy-078 is fungicidal against candida species in time-kill studies.scy-078 is an orally bioavailable ß-1,3-glucan synthesis inhibitor (gsi) and the first-in-class of structurally novel triterpene antifungals in clinical development for treating candidemia and invasive candidiasis. in vitro susceptibilities by broth microdilution, antifungal carryover, and time-kill dynamics were determined for three reference (atcc) strains (candida albicans 90028, candida parapsilosis 90018, and candida tropicalis 750), a quality-control (qc) strain (candida krusei 6258), and ...201728069658
utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species.despite the existence of a variety of available yeast identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed. the its1 and its2 regions of 1 ...201728068213
pan-azole-resistant candida tropicalis carrying homozygous erg11 mutations at position k143r: a new emerging superbug?candidaemia is a public health problem mainly in hospitalized individuals worldwide. in brazil, candida albicans is the most prevalent species that causes candidaemia, followed by candida tropicalis and candida parapsilosis . few data on the abundance of antifungal resistance are available for latin america.201728065893
photoinactivation of single and mixed biofilms of candida albicans and non-albicans candida species using phorodithazine(®).this study evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) mediated by photodithazine(®) (pdz) formulated in hydrogel, in the inactivation of mono and duo-species biofilms of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida tropicalis. standardized suspensions of each strain were prepared and after biofilm formation, mono-species were treated with 150 and 175mg/l of pdz for 20min (pre-irradiation time), and exposed to led light at a dose of 37.5j/cm(2) (660nm). the duo-spe ...201727988224
a sensitive and a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the identification of candida species in concentrated oral rinse specimens in patients with diabetes.oral candidiasis is being frequently recognized in patients with diabetes, and is associated with multiple pathogens including candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata and candida tropicalis. the aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a rapid diagnostic tool for identification of four oral candida pathogens in patients with diabetes.201727960572
invitro antifungal susceptibilities of candida species to liposomal amphotericin b, determined using clsi broth microdilution, and amphotericin b deoxycholate, measured using the etest.the antifungal susceptibilities of 598 isolates of candida spp. (bloodstream and other sterile sites) to liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) versus amphotericin b (amb) were determined. mics were calculated using the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution (m27-a3) method for l-amb and the etest method for amb. the mic50/mic90 (µg ml-1) values for l-amb broth microdilution and amb etest were 0.25/1 and 0.19/0.5, respectively. the overall essential agreement (±2 dilutions) wa ...201727959780
identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida species: a comparison of vitek-2 system with conventional and molecular methods.candida infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients; an accurate and early identification is a prerequisite need to be taken as an effective measure for the management of patients. the purpose of this study was to compare the conventional identification of candida species with identification by vitek-2 system and the antifungal susceptibility testing (ast) by broth microdilution method with vitek-2 ast system.201727942193
synergism between fluconazole and methylene blue-photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant candida strains.photodynamic therapy (pdt) has been proved to be effective against fungi and it may be employed as a coadjutant to conventional antifungal agents, leading to a more effective microbial control minimising side effects. this work evaluates the combined effect of pdt and fluconazole against resistant candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida krusei. the yeasts were submitted to methylene blue-pdt (mb-pdt) in sub-inhibitory concentrations. in the present work, mb-pdt combined with fluconazole w ...201727934831
in vitro synergism of a water insoluble fraction of uncaria tomentosa combined with fluconazole and terbinafine against resistant non-candida albicans isolates.uncaria tomentosa d.c. (rubiaceae) has several biological activities, including activity against resistant candida strains. the synergistic interaction with terbinafine or fluconazole can be an important alternative to overcome this resistance.201727931150
molecular detection of resistance to echinocandins.in the last years, life-threatening fungal diseases have increased significantly, due to the rising number of human individuals susceptible to fungal infections, which are in part complicated by the emergence of antifungal drug-resistant pathogens. among yeasts, candida albicans and candida glabrata are the most common organisms responsible for invasive fungal diseases. the molecular detection of echinocandin resistance in candida species may represent a useful means of monitoring the incidence ...201727837518
t2 magnetic resonance for fungal diagnosis.rapid diagnostic methods for fungal infections are long awaited and are expected to improve outcomes through early initiation of targeted antifungal therapy. t2candida panel is a novel qualitative diagnostic platform that was recently approved by the us food and drug administration (fda) for diagnosis of candidemia with a mean time to species identification of less than 5 h. t2candida panel is performed on the fully automated t2dx instrument in whole blood k2edta specimens and is able to detect ...201727837513
molecular characterization of candida isolates from intensive care unit patients, krakow, poland.over the last decades, candida species have emerged as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients. nosocomial infections are mainly of endogenous origin. nevertheless, some cases of exogenous candidiasis have also been reported.201727864011
echinocandin resistance in candida species isolates from liver transplant recipients.liver transplant recipients are at risk of invasive fungal infections, especially candidiasis. echinocandin is recommended as prophylactic treatment but is increasingly associated with resistance. our aim was to assess echinocandin drug resistance in candida spp. isolated from liver transplant recipients treated with this antifungal class. for this, all liver-transplanted patients in a university hospital (créteil, france) between january and june of 2013 and 2015 were included. susceptibilities ...201727855078
antifungal therapy for patients with proven or suspected candida peritonitis: amarcand2, a prospective cohort study in french intensive care units.the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients treated for candida peritonitis (cp) were compared according to the type of systemic antifungal therapy (sat), empiric (eaf) or targeted (taf) therapies, and the final diagnosis of infection.201727746395
anticandidal synergistic activity of green tea catechins, antimycotics and copper sulphate as a mean of combinational drug therapy against candidiasis.the present investigation aims at evaluating synergistic herbal based composition of purified catechins with fluconazole, amphotericin b and copper sulphate against candida albicans (mtcc 3017) and candida glabrata (mtcc 3019). the catechins were isolated from green tea leaves of assam, himachal pradesh and uttarakhand regions of india. the synergistic activity of combinations against candida species was assessed following microdilution checkerboard technique and time kill assay. the inhibitory ...201727743771
portrait of candida species biofilm regulatory network genes.most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to candida albicans, but candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis and candida tropicalis, designated as non-c. albicans candida (ncac), have been identified as frequent human pathogens. moreover, candida biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significant rates of mortality. biofilms have distinct developmental phases, including adhesion/colonisation, maturation and dispersal, controlled by complex regulatory networks. this review ...201727717660
antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from patients with candidemia in southern taiwan, 2007-2012: impact of new antifungal breakpoints.the clinical and laboratory standard institute (clsi) revised the clinical breakpoints (cbps) for the azoles and echinocandins against candida species in 2012. we aimed to report the epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility of candida species and evaluate the impact of new cbps on antifungal susceptibility in our region. all blood isolates of candida species were obtained from 2007 to 2012. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole, voriconazole, echinocandins and fluc ...201727621210
population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in icu patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation.to identify the factors associated with the interindividual pharmacokinetic (pk) variability of micafungin and to evaluate the probability of reaching the previously determined pk/pharmacodynamic efficacy thresholds (auc/mic >5000 for non-parapsilosis candida sp. and ≥285 for candida parapsilosis) with the recommended 100 mg daily dose in icu patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation.201727609051
identification, antifungal resistance profile, in vitro biofilm formation and ultrastructural characteristics of candida species isolated from diabetic foot patients in northern india.diabetic foot ulcers are a serious cause of diagnostic and therapeutic concern. the following study was undertaken to determine the fungal causes of diabetic foot ulcers, with their phenotypic and genotypic characterisation.201727514952
inhibitory effect of alpha-mangostin on candida biofilms.the objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of alpha-mangostin on candida biofilms. candida species including candida albicans, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata were tested. candida biofilms were formed in flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates. the metabolic activity of cells within biofilms was quantified using the xtt assay. the results demonstrated that alpha-mangostin showed a significant anti-biofilm effect on both developing biofilms and pre ...201727368963
evaluation of the treatment of candiduria at an academic medical center.to evaluate the epidemiology, management, and outcomes associated with candiduria in intensive care unit (icu) and medical ward (mw) patients. this was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care academic medical center. adult patients aged between 18 and 75 years who were admitted for at least 5 days with a urinary culture that grew a candida species between july 2010 and june 2011 were included. medical records were retrospectively reviewed. laboratory data, urinary symptoms, ris ...201726938759
candida glabrata among candida spp. from environmental health practitioners of a brazilian hospital.the incidence of the species candida albicans and non-albicans candida was evaluated in a brazilian tertiary hospital from the environment and health practitioners. in a 12-month period we had a total positivity of 19.65% of candida spp. the most recurring non-albicans candida species was c. glabrata (37.62%), generally considered a species of low virulence, but with a higher mortality rate than c. albicans. subsequently, c. parapsilosis (25.74%) and c. tropicalis (16.86%) were the second and th ...201726991302
an in vitro study of antifungal drug susceptibility of candida species isolated from human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and human immunodeficiency virus seronegative individuals in lucknow population uttar pradesh.candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive patients, starting from asymptomatic colonization to pathogenic forms and gradual colonization of non-albicans in patients with advanced immunosuppression leads to resistance for azole group of antifungal drugs with high rate of morbidity and mortality.201726604498
diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to cd4(+) counts.yeasts are important opportunistic pathogens, in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). yeast species inhabiting the oral mucosa of hiv-infected persons can act as source of oral lesions, especially as the individual progresses towards immunocompromised state. present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in oral cavities of asymptomatic hiv-infected persons and their association with cd4(+) cell counts.201726392655
vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors.vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is an infection caused by candida species that affects millions of women every year. although candida albicans is the main cause of vvc, the identification of non-candida albicans candida (ncac) species, especially candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. the development of vvc is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological chan ...201626690853
biofilm formation in candida glabrata: what have we learnt from functional genomics approaches?biofilms are a source of therapeutic failures because of their intrinsic tolerance to antimicrobials. candida glabrata is one of the pathogenic yeasts that is responsible for life-threatening disseminated infections and able to form biofilms on medical devices such as vascular and urinary catheters. recent progresses in the functional genomics of c. glabrata have been applied to the study of biofilm formation, revealing the contribution of an array of genes to this process. in particular, the ya ...201626678748
antifungal susceptibilities of candida species isolated from the patients with vaginal candidiasis.there have been the current japanese data on susceptibility testing for candida isolates from vaginal candidiasis. the in vitro activities of therapeutic antifungal drugs for vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc); miconazole (mcz), itraconazole (itcz), fluconazole (flcz), clotrimazole (ctz), oxiconazole (ocz), isoconazole (icz) and bifonazole (bfz) against vaginal isolates. fifty-four strains candida albicans and 19 strains of candida glabrata were evaluated using a broth microdilution method specified ...201626627336
mixed biofilms formed by c. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions.most candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. the objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. the non-albicans species studied were:candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida krusei. single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of c. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each stra ...201626981754
time to overcome fluconazole resistant candida isolates: solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel antifungal drug delivery system.antifungal therapy results in complications in management due to changes in the patterns of epidemiology and drug susceptibility of invasive fungal infections. in this study, we prepared fluconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (flz-slns) and investigated the efficacy of the optimal formulation on fluconazole (flz)-resistant strains of several candida species. flz-sln was produced using probe ultrasonication techniques. the morphology of the obtained slns was characterized by field emission ...201626974361
production of virulence factors in candida strains isolated from patients with denture stomatitis and control individuals.the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of virulence factors in candida isolates from the oral cavities of 50 patients with different degrees of denture stomatitis (ds, type i, ii and iii) and 50 individuals without signs of ds. we evaluated the enzymatic and hemolytic activities, the biofilm formation, and the cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) in all isolates. germ tube (gt) production was also evaluated in candida albicans and candida dubliniensis isolates. in c. albicans and c. d ...201626971635
characteristics and risk factors for 28-day mortality of hospital acquired fungemias in icus: data from the eurobact study.to characterize and identify prognostic factors for 28-day mortality among patients with hospital-acquired fungemia (haf) in the intensive care unit (icu).201626956367
yeasts associated with culex pipiens and culex theileri mosquito larvae and the effect of selected yeast strains on the ontogeny of culex pipiens.the success of mosquitoes in nature has been linked to their microbiota and bacteria in particular. yet, knowledge on their symbioses with yeasts is lacking. to explore possible associations, culturable yeasts were isolated from wild larvae of culex pipiens and culex theileri. these yeasts were classified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses and identified by sequencing the d1/d2 region of the 26s rrna gene. representative strains of candida, cryptococcus, galactomyces, ...201626573833
moonlight-like proteins of the cell wall protect sessile cells of candida from oxidative stress.biofilms of candida species are associated with high morbidity and hospital mortality. candida forms biofilms by adhering to human host epithelium through cell wall proteins (cwp) and simultaneously neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ros) produced during the respiratory burst by phagocytic cells. the purpose of this paper is to identify the cwp of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida parapsilosis expressed after exposure to different concentrations of h2o2 using ...201626550764
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