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chelating efficiency and thermal, mechanical and decay resistance performances of chitosan copper complex in wood-polymer composites.wood-polymer composites (wpc) have been extensively used for building products, outdoor decking, automotive, packaging materials, and other applications. wpc is subject to fungal and termite attacks due to wood components enveloped in the thermoplastic matrix. much effort has been made to improve decay resistance of wpc using zinc borate and other chemicals. in this study, chitosan copper complex (ccc) compounds were used as a potential preservative for wood-hdpe composites. ccc was formulated b ...200818248812
selection of white-rot basidiomycetes for bioconversion of mustard (brassica compestris) straw under solid-state fermentation into energy substrate for rumen micro-organism.selection of white-rot fungi of bio-conversion of mustard straw (ms) into feed for ruminants.200818266643
oxidative transformation of natural and synthetic phenolic mixtures by trametes versicolor laccase.the efficiency of trametes versicolor laccase in the transformation of phenols (caffeic acid, catechol, hydroxytyrosol, methylcatechol, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, m-tyrosol, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) usually present in waste water, such as that derived from an olive oil factory, was investigated. according to their response to 24 h laccase action the 11 phenolic compounds were classified in three groups: reactive ...200818205305
production of polygalacturonase from coriolus versicolor grown on tomato pomace and its chromatographic behaviour on immobilized metal chelates.tomato pomace and pectin were used as the sole carbon sources for the production of polygalacturonase from a strain of coriolus versicolor in submerged culture. the culture of c. versicolor grown on tomato pomace exhibited a peak of polygalacturonase activity (1,427 u/l) on the third day of culture with a specific activity of 14.5 u/mg protein. the production of polygalacturonase by c. versicolor grown on pectin as a sole carbon source increased with the time of cultivation, reaching a maximum a ...200818253772
function of the iron-binding chelator produced by coriolus versicolor in lignin biodegradation.an ultrafiltered low-molecular-weight preparation of chelating compounds was isolated from a wood-containing culture of the white-rot basidiomycete coriolus versicolor. this preparation could chelate fe3+ and reduce fe3+ to fe2+, demonstrating that the substance may serve as a ferric chelator, oxygen-reducing agent, and redox-cycling molecule, which would include functioning as the electron transport carrier in fenton reaction. lignin was treated with the iron-binding chelator and the changes in ...200818246309
overproduction of laccase and pectinase by microbial associations in solid substrate fermentation.the growth and the enzymatic production of two microbial fungal associations were studied: aspergillus niger and fusarium moniliforme and trametes versicolor and aspergillus niger. the synergistic interrelations between the species of the first mixed culture increased the biosynthesis of alpha-amylase and pectinase. t. versicolor and a. niger proved to be compatible partners in the overproduction of the enzyme laccase, whose synthesis surpassed 8.4 times the enzymatic level in the monoculture, w ...200818350386
development of a bioreactor system for the decolorization of dyes by coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus.decolorization of 100 microm malachite green (mg) by coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a two-phase bioreactor, was investigated. in the first phase the decolorization ability of this fungus, growing under conditions of solid-state fermentation (ssf), was proved; in the second phase the capacity of the enzymes present in extracts from the solid residues was exploited. during the first phase using the same culture in the bioreactor, five consecutive charges were made, each with 75 ml of 100 ...200818359061
coupling occurs before breakdown during biotransformation of acid blue 62 by white rot fungi.only few data exist on the metabolites produced during the biotransformation of anthraquinonic dyes by white rot fungi (wrf). during the biotransformation of an anthraquinonic dye acid blue 62 (abu62) using pycnoporus sanguineus mucl 41582 strain, it was previously demonstrated that the blue colour of the medium turned to red before complete dye decolourisation. to better understand the phenomenon, this study carried out abu62 biotransformation with five different wrf strains (coriolopsis polyzo ...200817825354
influence of a soil enzyme on iron-cyanide complex speciation and mineral adsorption.cyanide is commonly found as ferrocyanide [fe(ii)(cn)(6)](-4) and in the more mobile form, ferricyanide [fe(iii)(cn)(6)](-3) in contaminated soils and sediments. although soil minerals may influence ferrocyanide speciation, and thus mobility, the possible influence of soil enzymes has not been examined. in a series of experiments conducted under a range of soil-like conditions, laccase, a phenoloxidase enzyme derived from the fungi trametes versicolor, was found to exert a large influence on iro ...200817845813
mechanistics of trichloroethylene mineralization by the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor.the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor degraded trichloroethylene (tce), a highly oxidized chloroethene, and produced 2,2,2-trichloroethanol and carbon dioxide as the main products of degradation, based on the results obtained using [13c]-tce as the substrate. for a range of concentrations of tce between 2 and 20 mg l(-1), 53% of the theoretical maximum chloride expected from complete degradation of tce was observed. laccase was shown to be induced by tce, but did not appear to play a role in ...200817697698
biological activity, structural features, and synthetic studies of (-)-ternatin, a potent fat-accumulation inhibitor of 3t3-l1 adipocytes.a series of studies, including preliminary screening, isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and biological evaluation, of (-)-ternatin (1) are described. a highly n-methylated cyclic heptapeptide isolated from the mushroom coriolus versicolor, 1 shows an inhibitory effect on fat accumulation by 3t3-l1 murine adipocytes (ec50 = 0.02 microg ml(-1)). detailed analysis of 1d and 2d nmr spectra, as well as amino acid analysis, suggested four stereoisomers as candidates for 1. for the complet ...200818181124
removal of estrogenic activity of natural and synthetic hormones from a municipal wastewater: efficiency of horseradish peroxidase and laccase from trametes versicolor.some researches studied the removal of steroid estrogens by enzymatic treatment, however none verified the residual estrogenicity after the enzymatic treatment at environmental conditions. in this study, the residual estrogenic activities of the key natural and synthetic steroid estrogens were investigated following enzymatic treatment with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and laccase from trametes versicolor. synthetic water and municipal wastewater containing environmental concentrations of estron ...200817897698
biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting phthalates by pleurotus ostreatus.biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting phthalates [diethyl phthalate (dep), dimethyl phthalate (dmp), butylbenzyl phthalate (bbp)] was investigated with 10 white rot fungi isolated in korea. when the fungal mycelia were added together with 100 mg/l of phthalate into yeast extract-malt extract-glucose (ymg) medium, pleurotus ostreatus, irpex lacteus, polyporus brumalis, merulius tremellosus, trametes versicolor, and t. versicolor mrp1 and mrp13 (transformant of the mn-repressed peroxidase gene of ...200818467874
impact assessment of bisphenol a on lignin-modifying enzymes by basidiomycete trametes versicolor.the impact of different concentrations of bisphenol a (bpa) was evaluated on growth of the white-rot basidiomycete, trametes versicolor, and on the expression of genes encoding lignin-modifying enzyme (lme) activities. effective doses (eds) were obtained from fungal growth rate to monitor lme activities and the expression levels of their encoding genes. the fungus showed mycelial growth at concentrations of up to 300 microg ml(-1) of bpa with an ed50 value of 185 microg ml(-1). the lme activitie ...200817996365
continuous biodegradation of 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol by trametes versicolor.the feasibility of 17beta-estradiol (e2) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (ee2) removal by trametes versicolor was demonstrated in batch and continuous cultures. in batch, e2 and ee2 initially supplied at 10 mg l(-1) were removed by more than 97% in 24h, which corresponded to volumetric removal rates of 0.43 and 0.44 mg l(-1)h(-1), respectively. a bioreactor inoculated with t. versicolor pellets was then continuously operated during 26 days at a hydraulic retention time of 120 h. e2 and ee2 were com ...200817996366
increased expression of laccase by the addition of phthalates in phlebia tremellosa.phthalates, which are used as plasticizers in the plastics industry, are widely used and have been dispersed into the environment. a white-rot basidiomycete phlebia tremellosa, which showed good growth in media containing various hormone-mimicking compounds, degraded benzylbutylphthalate and diethylphthalate by up to 30% and 80%, respectively, under liquid culture conditions for 9 days. a laccase cdna from p. tremellosa was cloned by a rapid amplification of cdna ends (race)-pcr technique, and f ...200818028393
biodegradation and saccharification of wood chips of pinus strobus and liriodendron tulipifera by white rot fungi.degradation and glucose production from wood chips of white pine (pinus strobus) and tulip tree (liriodendron tulipifera) by several white rot fungi were investigated. the highest weight losses from 4 g of wood chips of p. strobus and l. tulipifera by the fungal degradation on yeast extractmalt extract-glucose agar medium were 38% of irpex lacteus and 93.7% of trametes versicolor mrp 1 after 90 days, respectively. when 4 g of wood chips of p. strobus and l. tulipifera biodegraded for 30 days wer ...200819047827
characterization of radical intermediates in laccase-mediator systems. a multifrequency epr, endor and dft/pcm investigation.suitable low molecular-weight compounds, called mediators, can be used in combination with the phenol-oxidase enzyme laccase to indirectly oxidize large organic substrates, such as environmental pollutants, which are not laccase natural substrates. the oxidation of two different synthetic redox mediators, violuric acid (vio) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) has been studied under catalysis of two laccases from white-rot fungi (trametes versicolor and pleurotus o ...200819060974
polysaccharopeptide mimics ciclosporin-mediated th1/th2 cytokine balance for suppression of activated human t cell proliferation by mapkp38 and stat5 pathways.the activation of t helper (th) cell subsets plays an important role in the human immune system. uncontrolled th1 and th2 responses lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, respectively. the identification of agents that modulate the th1/th2 cytokines is therefore essential for controlling these diseases. we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (psp) from coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activities to control aberrant t lymphocyte activation. here, we compared the proper ...200818957170
[coriolus versicolor--innovation in prevention of oncogynecological diseases, especially hpv].coriolus-mrl is a nutrient adjuvant, which contains biomass of the fungus coriolus versicolor and is studied to reverse early stages of cervical cancer and to reduce risk factors of reoccurring hpv virus.200819449722
enhanced expression of laccase during the degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals in trametes versicolor.a putative laccase cdna from a white-rot basidiomycete, trametes versicolor, that consisted of 1,769 nucleotides was cloned using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race)-pcr method. the deduced amino acid sequence had 4 putative copper binding regions, which are common to fungal laccases. in addition, the sequence was 57-97% homologous to sequences of other t. versicolor laccases. additionally, the expression of laccase and manganese peroxidase in this fungus were both greatly increased unde ...200818758730
purification of recombinant laccase from trametes versicolor in pichia methanolica and its use for the decolorization of anthraquinone dye.a recombinant laccase from trametes versicolor in pichia methanolica was produced constitutively in a defined medium. the recombinant laccase was purified using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. the molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated as 64 kda by sds-page. the purified recombinant laccase decolorized more than 90% of remazol brilliant blue r (rbbr) initially at 80 mg l(-1) after 16 h at 45 degrees c and ph 5 when 25 u laccase ml(-1) was used. ...200818688574
synthesis and evaluation of n-alkyl-beta-d-glucosylamines on the growth of two wood fungi, coriolus versicolor and poria placenta.various glucosylamines were synthesized from glucose and different alkyl amine compounds. these amino compounds are beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (gpa), n-ethyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (etgpa), n-butyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (bugpa), n-hexyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (hegpa), n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (ocgpa), n-dodecyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (dogpa), n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (hetgpa) and n,n-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine (dhetgpa). they wer ...200818694571
comparative studies on removal of congo red by native and modified mycelial pellets of trametes versicolor in various reactor modes.aerated and rotated mode adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of congo red from aqueous solution using native and pre-treated mycelial pellets/biomass of trametes versicolor. the effect of process parameters like contact time, dosage of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration and ph on adsorption was investigated. higher the dye concentration lower was the adsorption. equilibrium time was attained at 90 min. increase in biomass dosage increased the adsorption. experimental data wer ...200817416520
degradation of hop bitter acids by fungi.nine fungal strains related to: trametes versicolor, nigrospora oryzae, inonotus radiatus, crumenulopsis sororia, coryneum betulinum, cryptosporiopsis radicicola, fusarium equiseti, rhodotorula glutinis and candida parapsilosis were tested for their ability to degrade humulones and lupulones. the best results were obtained for t. versicolor culture, in which humulones and lupulones were fully degraded after 4days of incubation in the dark or after 36h in the light. the experiments were performed ...200817845845
oxidation of a laccase mediator abts as studied by esi-fticr mass spectrometry.the oxidation reaction of a laccase mediator abts (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was studied by electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (esi-fticrms). oxidation products of abts were measured after reaction times that varied from a few minutes up to several days and both positive and negative ionization modes were employed. exact mass measurements and collision-induced dissociation (cid) experiments were used to characterize th ...200817975855
effects of polysaccharide peptides from cov-1 strain of coriolus versicolor on glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in the mouse.the effects of polysaccharide peptide (psp), an immunomodulator isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, on glutathione (gsh) and gsh-related enzymes was investigated in c57 mouse. administration of psp (1-4 micromole/kg, i.p.) produced a transient, dose-dependent depletion (10-37%) of hepatic gsh, with no effect on serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (sgpt) activity. blood gsh was depleted (6-25%) at 3 h, followed by a rebound increase above the control gsh level (20%) at 18 h. the gssg/gsh rat ...200717240508
exoenzymes of trametes versicolor can metabolize coplanar pcb congeners and hydroxy pcb.two fractions containing the oxidase activity toward 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (abts) were obtained using ion-exchange deae-sepharose column chromatography of the culture fluid of white-rot fungus, trametes versicolor. these two fractions can reduce the level of coplanar pcb congeners (co-pcbs). the abts oxidase in the first fraction passed through the deae-sepharose column. the abts oxidase in the second fraction was adsorbed to the column at <ph 5.6. overall, the first ...200717250871
biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene with immobilized laccase: genotoxicity of the products in hacat and a3 cells.benzo[a]pyrene (bap) is listed as a priority pollutant by the u.s. environmental protection agency because it is one of the most potent carcinogens of all known polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the biodegradation of bap is of interest as a means for mitigating its effects in polluted ecosystems. in the present study, bap was oxidized with laccase from trametes versicolor, which was immobilized on functionalized kaolinite particles, and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bap and its deg ...200717253627
desorption of zinc by extracellularly produced metabolites of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma reesei and coriolus versicolor.to determine the role of fungal metabolites in the desorption of metals.200718045407
characterisation and bioactivity of protein-bound polysaccharides from submerged-culture fermentation of coriolus versicolor wr-74 and atcc-20545 strains.the protein-bound polysaccharides of coriolus versicolor (cps) have been reported to stimulate overall immune functions against cancers and various infectious diseases by activating specific cell functions. a new zealand isolate (wr-74) and a patented strain (atcc-20545) of c. versicolor were compared in this study. the fruit bodies of both strains were grown for visual verification. both strains were grown in submerged-culture using an airlift fermentor with milk permeate as the base medium sup ...200717318488
laccase immobilization in redox active layered double hydroxides: a reagentless amperometric biosensor.this paper describes a new system for amperometric determination of dissolved oxygen and its application for the detection of anionic toxic substances, which are known as enzyme inhibitors. this biosensor is based on the co-immobilization of laccase from trametes versicolor and a redox active layered double hydroxide [zn-cr-abts] on a glassy carbon electrode. the electrochemical transduction step corresponds to the electrocatalytic reduction of o2 at 0.2v by laccase as catalyst and 2,2'-azino-bi ...200717023155
sequential treatment via trametes versicolor and uv/tio2/ru(x)se(y) to reduce contaminants in waste water resulting from the bleaching process during paper production.an efficient sequential, biological and photocatalytic treatment to reduce the pollutant levels in wastewater due to the bleaching process during paper production is reported. for a biological pre-treatment, 800 ml of non-sterilized effluent was inoculated with trametes versicolor immobilized in polyurethane foam, with 25 g l(-1) glucose, 6.75 mm cuso(4), and 0.22 mm mnso(4) added, and cultured at 25 degrees c with an air flow of 800 ml min(-1) for 8d. the fungus did not inhibit growth of the he ...200717123583
fungal inoculum properties: extracellular enzyme expression and pentachlorophenol removal by new zealand trametes species in contaminated field soils.this study was conducted to improve the ability of indigenous new zealand white-rot fungi to remove pentachlorophenol (pcp) from contaminated field soil. the effects of different bioaugmentation conditions on pcp removal and extracellular enzyme expression were measured in the laboratory. the conditions were fungal growth substrate and co-substrate composition, culture age, and tween 80 addition to the contaminated soil. the fungi used were trametes versicolor isolate hr131 and trametes sp. isol ...200717965377
degradation and decolorization of monosodium glutamate wastewater with coriolus versicolor.degradation and decolorization of monosodium glutamate wastewater (msgw) with coriolus versicolor were firstly carried out. the effects of various operation parameters namely wastewater concentrations, ph, culture time and incidence of sterilization on maximum percentage of degradation and decolorization of wastewater were investigated. studies of mycelium and enzyme for c. versicolor degradation and decolorization were estimated in this study. ten percentage of wastewater concentration and ph = ...200717146613
generation of a transformant showing higher manganese peroxidase (mnp) activity by overexpression of mnp gene in trametes versicolor.trametes versicolor has a lignin degrading enzyme system, which is also involved in the degradation of diverse recalcitrant compounds. manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) is one of the lignin degrading enzymes in t. versicolor. in this study, a cdna clone of a putative mnp-coding gene was cloned and transferred into an expression vector (pbargpe1) carrying a phosphinothricin resistance gene (bar) as a selectable marker to yield the expression vector, pbartvmnp2. transformants were generated thr ...200717618226
comparative study of immobilized trametes versicolor laccase on nanoparticles and kaolinite.laccase from trametes versicolor was immobilized on nanoparticles and kaolinite by physical adsorption or chemical covalence in which the supporters were activated by cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. thermal and ph stabilities of immobilized laccase on these different supporters were compared. the degradation efficiencies of these immobilized laccases on oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene (bap) were also compared. the results showed that the immobilized laccases on nanoparticles were more stable in re ...200716979219
biosorption of benzidine based textile dyes "direct blue 1 and direct red 128" using native and heat-treated biomass of trametes versicolor.the capacities and mechanisms of native and heat-treated white rot fungus "trametes versicolor" biomass in removing of two different benzidine based dyes (i.e., direct blue 1, db-1 and direct red 128, dr-128) from aqueous solution was investigated with different parameters, such as molecular weight of dye, adsorbent dosage, ph, temperature and ionic strength. in the batch system, the biosorption equilibrium time for both dyes was about 6h. the maximum biosorption was observed at ph 6.0 for db-1 ...200717010509
decoloration of amaranth by the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. part i. statistical analysis.the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor decolorized the mono-azo-substituted naphthalenic dye amaranth. the relationship between the amount of enzymes present in the system and the efficiency of the decoloration process was investigated. the two responses used to quantify the process of decoloration (i.e., initial decoloration rate, v0, and the percent concentration of dye decolorized in 1 h, %c) were correlated with the amount of three enzymes considered for the study (lignin peroxidase, manga ...200717496981
decoloration of amaranth by the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. part ii. verification study.the involvement of lignin peroxidase (lip) in the decoloration of the mono-azo substituted napthalenic dye amaranth was investigated with pure enzymes and whole cultures of trametes versicolor. the verification study confirmed that lip has a direct influence on the initial decoloration rate and showed that another enzyme, which does not need hydrogen peroxide to function and is not a laccase, also plays a role during decoloration. these results confirm the results of a previous statistical analy ...200717496982
evaluation of antifungal properties of octyl gallate and its synergy with cinnamaldehyde.the objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using octyl gallate alone or with organic biocides as a preservative against wood decay fungi. antifungal activities of three antioxidants, propyl gallate, octyl gallate and butylated hydroxyltoluene (bht) were tested against four wood decay fungi, lenzites betulina, trametes versicolor, gloeophyllum trabeum and laetiporus sulphureus. octyl gallate was found to be the only active compound with ic50 values of 0.47, 0.16, 0.24 and 0 ...200716750625
salidroside production by hairy roots of rhodiola sachalinensis obtained after transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes.hairy roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes grow faster, and are considered as genetically stable. these hairy roots can be used as an interesting material for the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value. salidroside has been identified as the major compounds from the roots of rhodiola sachalinensis a. bor. here, we provide an update that adds new perspectives on the prospects and challenges of producing salidroside from hairy roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogene in r ...200717329834
biochemical and molecular characterization of a cellobiohydrolase from trametes versicolor.a cellobiohydrolase-encoding cdna, tvcel7a, from trametes versicolor has been cloned and expressed in aspergillus niger. the deduced amino acid sequence shows that tvcel7a encodes a 456-amino acid polypeptide belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 7. tvcel7a possesses a 19-amino acid secretion signal but does not possess a linker region nor a carbohydrate-binding domain. two peaks of activity were obtained after tvcel7a was purified to apparent homogeneity by gel-filtration followed by anion-exc ...200717333176
fungal biotransformation products of dehydroabietic acid.dehydroabietic acid (dha) (1) is one of the main compounds in scots pine wood responsible for aquatic and microbial toxicity. the degradation of 1 by trametes versicolor and phlebiopsis gigantea in liquid stationary cultures was followed by hplc-dad-elsd. both fungi rapidly degraded dha relative to a control. more breakdown products were observed for t. versicolor than for p. gigantea. after 13 days, four compounds were identified by means of spectroscopic methods in p. gigantea cultures: 1beta- ...200717315956
comparison of two continuous fungal bioreactors for posttreatment of anaerobically pretreated weak black liquor from kraft pulp mills.the purpose of this work was to evaluate and compare two continuous systems of posttreatment of anaerobically pretreated weak black liquor (wbl). the first system consisted of a packed bed reactor (pbr) with trametes versicolor (tv) immobilized on wood cubes of holm oak (biocubes). the second system was a fluidized bed reactor (fbr) with lentinus edodes (le) immobilized on wood cubes of holm oak. the reactors operated for 65 days at a hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 5 days, at 28 degrees c, wi ...200716937406
transformation by complementation of a uracil auxotroph of the hyper lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete sordida yk-624.phanerochaete sordida yk-624 is a hyper lignin-degrading basidiomycete possessing greater ligninolytic selectivity than either p. chrysosporium or trametes versicolor. to construct a gene transformation system for p. sordida yk-624, uracil auxotrophic mutants were generated using a combination of ultraviolet (uv) radiation and 5-fluoroorotate resistance as a selection scheme. an uracil auxotrophic strain (uv-64) was transformed into a uracil prototroph using the marker plasmid ppsura5 containing ...200717701036
screening of fungal isolates and properties of ganoderma applanatum intended for olive mill wastewater decolourization and dephenolization.to investigate different autochthonous isolates of wood-rotting fungi for the removal of both colour and phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewaters (omw).200717718838
synthetic dye decolorization by white rot fungus, ganoderma sp. wr-1.decolorization of recalcitrant dyes by an indigenous strain of white rot fungus isolated from bark of dead tree, wr-1 identified as ganoderma sp. was investigated. the fermentation medium was optimized using a combination of one factor at a time and orthogonal array method. maximum decolorization (96%) of 100 ppm amaranth was achieved in 8 h with optimized medium containing 2% starch and 0.125% yeast extract. rate of dye decolorization by the indigenous isolate ganoderma sp. wr-1 was very high c ...200716730976
laccase induction in fungi and laccase/n-oh mediator systems applied in paper mill effluent.there has been increasing interest in extracellular enzymes from white rot fungi, such as lignin and manganese peroxidases, and laccases, due to their potential to degrade both highly toxic phenolic compounds and lignin. the optimum cultivation conditions for laccase production in semi-solid and liquid medium by trametes versicolor, trametes villosa, lentinula edodes and botrytis cinerea and the effects of laccase mediator system in e1 effluent were studied. the higher laccase activity (12756 u) ...200716376074
reusing ethyl acetate and aqueous exhausted fractions of dry olive mill residue by saprobe fungi.some saprobe fungi (phlebia radiata, trametes versicolor, coriolopsis rigida, pycnoporus cinnabarinus, fomes sclerodermus or pleurotus pulmonarius) were able to bioconvert the ethyl acetate fraction (deaf) and the corresponding aqueous exhausted fraction (eaf) of dry olive mill residue (dor), reducing their phytotoxicity on lepidium sativum seeds. large amount of hydroxytyrosol together with other eight monomeric phenols were found in the native deaf fraction, which represents a good source of a ...200716814842
fungal bio-treatment of spruce wood with trametes versicolor for pitch control: influence on extractive contents, pulping process parameters, paper quality and effluent toxicity.lipophilic low molar-mass constituents in wood chips for the paper industry result in low quality pulp, pitch deposition, and effluent toxicity. new biotechnological solutions such as fungal pre-treatment of wood chips can reduce pitch problems. this laboratory-scale study focuses on the potential and limitations of a fungal bio-treatment of norway spruce chips with the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. different fungal treatment conditions were compared. a 4-week fungal treatment reduced th ...200716517156
fungicidal value of wood tar from pyrolysis of treated wood.the objective of the paper was to estimate the fungicidal value of wood tar extracted as a product of pyrolysis of wood previously treated with either creosote oil or ccb-type salt preservative. the effectiveness of wood treated with one of these two wood tar residuals was compared to the effectiveness of wood treated with virgin creosote oil (type wei-b) and an untreated control. wood was impregnated with alcohol solutions of the two extracted preservatives or virgin creosote oil and then subje ...200717011772
growth and laccase production kinetics of trametes versicolor in a stirred tank reactor.white rot fungi are a promising option to treat recalcitrant organic molecules, such as lignin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and textile dyes, because of the lignin-modifying enzymes (lmes) they secrete. because knowledge of the kinetic parameters is important to better design and operate bioreactors to cultivate these fungi for degradation and/or to produce lme(s), these parameters were determined using trametes versicolor atcc 20869 (atcc, american type culture collection) in a magnetic s ...200717216467
synergic treatment for monosodium glutamate wastewater by saccharomyces cerevisiae and coriolus versicolor.biodegradation and decolorization of monosodium glutamate wastewater were carried out by using an acidophilus yeast strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae and coriolus versicolor. for the yeast treatment, the highest cod removal and reducing sugar removal efficiency were 76.6% and 80.2%, respectively. the color removal was only 2%. for c. versicolor treatment, the highest cod removal, color removal and reducing sugar removal efficiencies were 78.7%, 56.5% and 90.9%, respectively. the synergic treatm ...200716624556
improving the bioremediation of phenolic wastewaters by trametes versicolor.the successful bioremediation of a phenolic wastewater by trametes versicolor was found to be dependent on a range of factors including: fungal growth, culture age and activity and enzyme (laccase) production. these aspects were enhanced by the optimisation of the growth medium used and time of addition of the pollutant to the fungal cultures. different media containing 'high' (20 g/l), 'low' (2 g/l) and 'sufficient' (10 g/l) concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources were investigated. the m ...200716545562
biological method to quantify progressive stages of decay in five commercial woods by coriolus versicolor.biologic agar-block method was developed that allowed wood samples to be evaluated and monitored in terms of colonization and development of the decay by basidiomycetes fungi (coriolus versicolor) and to be directly classified based on mean mass loss. in this research, the in vitro decay of five commercial woods by coriolus versicolor was studied by the agar-block method. the selected wood samples were abies alba, populus alba, fagus orientalis, platanus orientalis and ulmus glabra. the results ...200719070053
determination of phenolic acids using trametes versicolor laccase.two biosensors based on trametes versicolor laccase (tvl) were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds. commercial oxygen electrode and ferrocene-modified screen-printed graphite electrodes were used for preparation of laccase biosensors. the systems were calibrated for three phenolic acids. linearity was obtained in the concentration range 0.1-1.0mum caffeic acid, 0.05-0.2mum ferulic acid, 2.0-14.0mum syringic acid for laccase immobilised on a commercial oxygen electrode and 2.0-3 ...200719071305
biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting bisphenol a by white rot fungus irpex lacteus.biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting bisphenol a was investigated with several white rot fungi (irpex lacteus, trametes versicolor, ganoderma lucidum, polyporellus brumalis, pleurotus eryngii, schizophyllum commune) isolated in korea and two transformants of t versicolor (strains mrp 1 and mrp 13). i. lacteus degraded 99.4% of 50 mg/l bisphenol a in 3 h incubation and 100% in 12 h incubation. which was the highest degradation rate among the fungal strains tested. t. versicolor degraded 98.2% o ...200718051326
an improved method of gene synthesis based on dna works software and overlap extension pcr.a bottleneck in recent gene synthesis technologies is the high cost of oligonucleotide synthesis and post-synthesis sequencing. in this article, a simple and rapid method for low-cost gene synthesis technology was developed based on dnaworks program and an improved single-step overlap extension pcr (oe-pcr). this method enables any dna sequence to be synthesized with few errors, then any mutated sites could be corrected by site-specific mutagenesis technology or pcr amplification-assembly method ...200717952664
flavonoids: hemisynthesis, reactivity, characterization and free radical scavenging activity.phenolic compounds form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. they display a large range of structures and they are responsible for the major organoleptic characteristics of plant-derived-foods and beverages, particularly color and taste properties and they also contribute to the nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. phenolic compounds are also highly unstable compounds which undergo numerous enzymatic and chemical reactions during postharvest food storage and processing th ...200717962740
degradation of orange g by laccase: fungal versus enzymatic process.biodegradation of the orange g azo dye by pellets of trametes versicolor in a fluidized bioreactor operating under conditions of laccase production was studied. the percentage of decolorization obtained was 97% in batch mode and both the biomass and the broth, were colorless. in vitro degradations carried out with purified commercial laccase from trametes versicolor demonstrated that laccase is able to degrade the dye. in spite of the high level of decolorization reached in both processes, an im ...200717970516
reactive blue 19 decolouration by laccase immobilized on silica beads.laccase (31.5 u of activity/g or 4.39 mug of protein/m(2)) from trametes versicolor was immobilized on controlled-porosity-carrier silica beads and evaluated for the decolouration of reactive blue 19, an anthraquinone dye. although there was an initial, rapid adsorption of the dye to the packed bed in a recirculating reactor, about 97.5% of reactive blue 19 removal was due to enzymatic degradation. the free enzyme lost 52% of its activity in 48 h. however, the activity of the immobilized laccase ...200717917725
investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of amaranth by trametes versicolor.trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg l(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. the changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the microtox acute toxicity assay. before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. the toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased durin ...200717940258
fungal inoculum properties: extracellular enzyme expression and pentachlorophenol removal in highly contaminated field soils.this study was conducted to improve the pentachlorophenol (pcp) bioremediation ability of white-rot fungi in highly contaminated field soils by manipulating bioaugmentation variables. these were the dry weight percentage of fungal inoculum addition (31-175 g kg(-1)), pcp concentration (100-2137 mg kg(-1) pcp), fungal inoculum formulation, and time (1-7 wk). five fungal isolates were used: the new zealand isolates trametes versicolor (l.: fr.) hr131 and trametes sp. hr577; the north american isol ...200717940259
temperature affects the production, activity and stability of ligninolytic enzymes in pleurotus ostreatus and trametes versicolor.enzyme activity was determined in cultures of pleurotus ostreatus and trametes versicolor with cellulose as a sole c source and high c/n ratio. the fungi were able to grow and produce laccase and mn-peroxidase (mnp) at 5-35 degrees c, the highest production being recorded at 25-30 degrees c in p. ostreatus and at 35 degrees c in t. versicolor. production of both enzymes at 10 degrees c accounted only for 4-20% of the maximum value. temperature optima for enzyme activity were 50 and 55 degrees c ...200718298047
optimization of laccase production from trametes versicolor by solid fermentation.the regulation of culture conditions, especially the optimization of substrate constituents, is crucial for laccase production by solid fermentation. to develop an inexpensive optimized substrate formulation to produce high-activity laccase, a uniform design formulation experiment was devised. the solid fermentation of trametes versicolor was performed with natural aeration, natural substrate ph (about 6.5), environmental humidity of 60% and two different temperature stages (at 37 degrees c for ...200717496973
in vivo effect of i'm-yunity on hepatic cytochrome p450 3a4.the inhibition or induction of hepatic cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) enzyme associated with herbal medicines such as i'm-yunity (coriolus versicolor) can result in clinically significant herb-drug interactions. the active ingredient of i'm-yunity is believed to be polysaccharopeptide polymer (psp). drug interactions between i'm-yunity and other medications or supplements are yet to be investigated. the objective of this single-treatment, one-period, three-phase, open-labeled study was to evaluate ...200717594986
purification and characterization of an intracellular nadh: quinone reductase from trametes versicolor.intracellular nadh:quinone reductase involved in degradation of aromatic compounds including lignin was purified and characterized from white rot fungus trametes versicolor. the activity of quinone reductase was maximal after 3 days of incubation in fungal culture, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatographies. the purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 41 kda as determined by sds-page, and exhibits a broad temperatur ...200717846587
dual laccase-tyrosinase based sonogel-carbon biosensor for monitoring polyphenols in beers.a biosensor based on the bi-immobilization of laccase and tyrosinase phenoloxidase enzymes has been successfully developed. this biosensor employs as the electrochemical transducer the sonogel-carbon, a novel type of electrode developed by our group. the immobilization step was accomplished by doping the electrode surface with a mixture of the enzymes, glutaricdialdehyde, and nafion-ion exchanger, as protective additive. the response of this biosensor, denoted the dual trametes versicolor laccas ...200717848081
pretreatment of bamboo residues with coriolus versicolor for enzymatic hydrolysis.pretreatment by a white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor b1 under different conditions and saccharification of bamboo were investigated. the saccharification rate was significantly enhanced and a maximum saccharification rate of 37.0% was achieved after pretreatment. reducing sugars yield was 223.2 mg/g of bamboo residues, which was 2.34 times that of the raw material. it was feasible to treat bamboo residues with b1 for the saccharification of bamboo.200717884661
[effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide b on membrane glycosaminoglycans and cellular glutathione changes in raw264.7 macrophages exposed to angiotensin ii].to investigate the effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide b (cvp-b) on increased membrane glycosaminoglycans (gag) expression and intracellular glutathione (gsh) of raw264.7 macrophages exposed to angiotensin ii (ang ii).200718158993
variable stoichiometry during the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous phenol.the oxidation of aqueous phenol through the catalytic action of laccase from trametes versicolor was studied over a wide range of phenol concentrations and enzyme activities. the stoichiometric ratio, which is defined as the molar ratio of phenol transformed to oxygen consumed in the catalytic reaction, was found to increase with phenol concentration in the reaction mixture from a theoretical lower limit of 1 and to approach a theoretical upper limit of 4. a logistic equation was proposed to rel ...200717315888
semi-continuous treatment of recalcitrant anaerobic effluent from pulp and paper industry using hybrid pellets of trametes versicolor.the objective of this work was to evaluate the semi-continuous post-treatment of anaerobically-pre-treated weak black liquor (anaerobic effluent, ane) by aerobic post-treatment using hybrid pellets of trametes versicolor. the latter consisted of fungus immobilized onto holm oak sawdust (mixed or double pellets) or a mixture of holm oak sawdust and powdered activated carbon (triple pellets). first, a semicontinuous experiment was run to compare the effectiveness of triple and mixed pellets in agi ...200717486843
liquid-phase separation of reactive dye by wood-rotting fungus: a biotechnological approach.the live and pretreated mycelial pellets/biomass of trametes versicolor was used for the biosorption of a textile dye, reactive blue mr (rbmr) from aqueous solution. the parameters that affect the biosorption of rbmr, such as contact time, concentration of dye and ph, on the extent of rbmr adsorption were investigated. to develop an effective and accurate design model for removal of dye, adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data are essential basic requirements. lagergren first-order, second-orde ...200717526051
chemical characterization and effects on lepidium sativum of the native and bioremediated components of dry olive mill residue.dry olive mill residue (dor) from the olive oil production by two phase centrifugation system was fractionated by a consecutive continuous solid-liquid extraction obtaining the eaf, pf, mf and wf fractions with ethyl acetate, n-propanol, methanol and water, respectively. the chemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses showed eaf, pf and mf to be mainly composed of simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and glycosilated phenols (glycosides of phenols, secoiridoids and flavonoids ...200717544478
laccase-catalyzed conversion of natural and synthetic hormones from a municipal wastewater.the trametes versicolor-derived laccase-catalyzed oxidation of natural estrogens (estrone--e1; 17beta-estradiol--e2; and estriol--e3) and a synthetic estrogen (17alpha-ethinylestradiol--ee2) was studied in synthetic water and municipal wastewater to optimize the process for steroid estrogen removal in wastewater. the optimal ph for each studied steroid estrogen oxidation was approximately 6 in synthetic water. this research also focused on the wastewater matrix effect on developed enzymatic trea ...200717585984
[preparation and biological properties of basidiomycete aqueous extracts and their mycelial compositions].the basidiomycetes ganoderma lucidum, hericium erinaceus, lentinus edodes and trametes versicolor were used for preparation of aqueous extracts. a polysaccharide preparation (vpg) was isolated from the g. lucidum aqueous extracts. the mycelium was grown under submerged conditions according to an original procedure. preliminary exposure of mice with tumors to cyclosphosphamide in a low dose for prolonged elimination of t-suppressors and rapid recovery of t-killers induced an increase in the effic ...200718461802
effect of heavy metals on the production of several laccase isoenzymes by trametes versicolor and on their ability to decolourise dyes.the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor growing in submerged culture on a basal medium, with barley bran as a carbon source, produced two laccase isoenzymes laci and lacii. the addition of metal ions to the culture medium was performed to improve the total laccase activity and to determine the effect on the production of laccase isoenzymes. from all the tested metals, only cu2+ increased laccase activity (up to 12-fold with respect to control cultures) and t. versicolor in presence of all metal ...200616293281
effects of polysaccharide peptide (psp) from coriolus versicolor on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in the rat and cytotoxicity in hepg2 cells.polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, has been shown to restore the immunological effects against cyclophosphamide-induced immuno-suppression, although the mechanism(s) involved remain uncertain. this study investigated the psp-cyclophosphamide interaction by studying the effects of psp on the pharmacokinetic of cyclophosphamide in the rat and the effect of psp on the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide on a cancer cell line (hepg2 cells). in the pharmacokineti ...200616297519
polysaccharide peptides from cov-1 strain of coriolus versicolor induce hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediator release in the mouse.polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, has been widely used as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy and as an immuno-stimulator in china. in this study, the anti-nociceptive effects of psp were investigated in two different pain models in the mouse. in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, initial studies showed that psp decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhing by 92.9%, which, by definition, would constitute an analgesic effect. however, further studie ...200616310221
effect of bioaugmentation of activated sludge with white-rot fungi on olive mill wastewater detoxification.to test the potential use of phanerochaete chrysosporium and other white-rot fungi to detoxify olive mill wastewaters (omw) in the presence of a complex activated sludge. to combine the aerobic with anaerobic treatment to optimize the conversion of omw in biogas.200616599996
optimization of the expression of a laccase gene from trametes versicolor in pichia methanolica.a cdna encoding for laccase (lcc1) was isolated from the ligninolytic fungus trametes versicolor by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. the lcc1 gene was subcloned into the pichia methanolica expression vector pmetalphaa and transformed into the p. methanolica strains pmad11 and pmad16. the extracellular laccase activity of the pmad11 recombinants was found to be 1.3-fold higher than that of the pmad16 recombinants. the identity of the recombinant protein was further confirmed by im ...200616292528
antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans.five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ...200616610214
study of the cellular retention time and the partial biomass renovation in a fungal decolourisation continuous process.the long-term continuous decolourisation treatment of the textile dye grey lanaset g (150 mg/l) was carried out in an air-pulsed bed bioreactor with retained pellets of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. maximum cellular retention time (crt) was established at 40 days. during this time period, colour reduction remained at 90% and laccase activity was over 400 au/l. higher crts involved operational problems related to biomass conglomerates formed at the top of the bioreactor, which made in ...200616616292
effects of vps extract of coriolus versicolor on cancer of the large intestine using a serial sacrifice technique.vps, a hot water extract of the coriolus versicolor mushroom, was given at a 2% dose level in the diet of female swiss webster cfw outbred mice in a serial sacrifice experiment. the mice were also administered either 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (1,2-dmh) as ten weekly subcutaneous (s.c) injections of 20 microg/g body weight or physiological saline (ps) as ten weekly (s.c) injections of 0.01 ml/g body weight. the animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks or 35 weeks after the first injection ...200616724667
estrogenic reduction of styrene monomer degraded by phanerochaete chrysosporium kfri 20742.the characteristic biodegradation of monomeric styrene by phanerochaete chrysosporium kfri 20742, trametes versicolor kfri 20251 and daldinia concentrica kfri 40-1 was carried out to examine the resistance, its degradation efficiency and metabolites analysis. the estrogenic reduction effect of styrene by the fungi was also evaluated. the mycelium growth of fungi differentiated depending on the concentration levels of styrene. additionally p. chrysosporium kfri 20742 showed superior mycelium grow ...200616728954
impact of reaction conditions on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol a.the oxidative conversion of aqueous bpa catalyzed by laccase from trametes versicolor was conducted in a closed, temperature-controlled system containing buffer for ph control. the effects of medium ph, buffer concentration, temperature and mediators and the impacts of dissolved wastewater constituents on bpa conversion were investigated. the optimal ph for bpa conversion was approximately 5, with greater than half maximal conversion and good enzyme stability in the range of 4-7. the stability o ...200616122923
estimation of bound and free fractions of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes of wood-rotting fungi pleurotus ostreatus, trametes versicolor and piptoporus betulinus.liquid cultures with cellulose and solid state fermentation cultures on wheat straw of the white-rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus and trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus piptoporus betulinus were assayed for the free and solid fraction-bound activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. the majority of the ligninolytic enzymes laccase and mn peroxidase was detected in the free fraction of p. ostreatus and t. versicolor. the endocleaving enzymes endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, endo-1,4-beta-mannan ...200616125911
effects of different fungal elicitors on growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.six fungal elicitors prepared from rhodotorula rubra, rhodotorula glutinis, panus conchatus, coriolus versicolor, mucor mucedo, mortieralla alpina m-23 were examined to determine their effects on the growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. the results showed that different fungal elicitor could cause diversely stimulating effects. among the fungal elicitors tested, the m. mucedo elicitor concentration of 30 mg l(-1) promoted the biomass and total car ...200616154499
chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (cinnamomum osmophloeum).the essential oils isolated from nine geographical provenances of indigenous cinnamon (cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh.) leaves were examined by gc-ms and their chemical constituents were compared. according to gc-ms and cluster analyses the leaf essential oils of the nine provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type and mixed type. in addition, the antifungal ...200616171686
influence of agitation on the removal of nonylphenol by the white-rot fungi trametes versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol 13.bjerkandera sp. bol 13 removed 95% of nonylphenol (at 9.7 mg nonylphenol l(-1) day(-1)) from aqueous medium after 5 days of incubation in agitated cultures. this removal rate decreased 2.5-fold in static cultures. by comparison, trametes versicolor removed nonylphenol at 2.8 mg l(-1) day(-1) under conditions of static incubation, probably due to the action of laccase, but no growth was recorded in the agitated bottles.200616489489
evaluation of synthetic dye decolorization capacity in ischnoderma resinosum.the little studied white rot fungus ischnoderma resinosum was tested for its ability to decolorize seven different synthetic dyes. the strain efficiently decolorized orange g, amaranth, remazol brilliant blue r, cu-phthalocyanin and poly r-478 on agar plates and in liquid culture at a relatively high concentration of 2-4 and 0.5-1 g l(-1), respectively. malachite green and crystal violet were decolorized to a lower extent up to the concentration of 0.1 g l(-1). decolorization capacity of i. resi ...200616491363
sequential batch culture studies for the decolorisation of reactive dye by coriolus versicolor.the white rot fungus coriolus versicolor could decolorise reactive dye remazol brilliant violet to almost 90%. the fungal mycelia removed color as well as cod up to 95% and 75%, respectively, in a batch reactor. decolorising activity was observed during the repeated reuse of the fungus. it was possible to substantially increase the dye decolorising activity of the fungus by carefully selecting the operational conditions such as media composition, age of fungus and nitrogen source. the fungal pel ...200615882943
trametes versicolor: a possible tool for aflatoxin control.the genotoxic, mutagenic and cancerogenic aflatoxins produced by aspergillus parasiticus are not yet efficiently controlled besides the increasing researches on this topic. aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus is related to oxidative stress and some antioxidants can inhibit their production. some basidiomycetes as trametes versicolor used as "healing mushrooms" present beta-glucans and glycoproteins which are responsible for the stimulation of the host immune response. in this work t. versicol ...200616337299
contents of metals in some wild mushrooms: its impact in human health.the concentrations of 7 metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, copper, nickel, silver, and chromium) were determined in 32 different species of wild mushrooms. the mushroom samples, which have been using for food and some medical purposes, were collected from konya, an inner anatolian region of turkey. the highest metal concentrations were determined as 39 mg/kg pb and 3.72 mg/kg cd in trichaptum abietinum, 467 mg/kg mn in panaeolus sphinctrinus, 326 mg/kg cu in trametes versicolor, 69.4 mg/kg ni in ...200616679550
modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators.modulation of cytokine secretion may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases. one strategy in the modulation of cytokine expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. a class of herbal medicines, known as immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the dynamic regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. this may offer an explanation of the effects of herbs on the immune system and other tissues. for this informal review, the aut ...200616813462
polysaccharide peptides from cov-1 strain of coriolus versicolor inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in the rat in vitro and in vivo.polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from cov-1 strain of coriolus versicolor, is commonly used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy in china. in this study, the effects of whole psp extract and water extract of psp on 4-hydroxylation of tolbutamide were investigated in rat liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo in the rat. both the whole psp extract and the water soluble fraction (0.5-20 microm) decreased the metabolism of tolbutamide to 4-hydroxytolbutamide in vitro. enzyme kinetics studies s ...200616698161
primary fluorescence (autofluorescence) of fruiting bodies of the wood-rotting fungus fomes fomentarius.autofluorescence of fruiting bodies of the wood-rotting fungus fomes fomentarius has been observed and is described among native macrofungi for the first time. the strongest yellow autofluorescence with blue excitation was displayed by pith sets, a weaker yellow, yellow-green to yellow-red fluorescence was due to generative thin-walled hyphae while the weakest yellow-reddish fluorescence was emitted by thick-walled skeletal hyphae (though their parts may emit a more intensive yellow fluorescence ...200616821719
biodegradation of cyanide by a white rot fungus, trametes versicolor.the cyanide degradation abilities of three white rot fungi, trametes versicolor atcc 200801, phanerochaete chrysosporium me 496 and pleurotus sajor-caju, were examined. t. versicolor was the most effective with 0.35 g dry cell/100 ml degrading 2 mm kcn (130 mg/l) over 42 h, at 30 degrees c, ph 10.5 with stirring at 150 rpm.200616802095
macrophage-stimulating activity of polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies of coriolus versicolor (turkey tail mushroom).the macrophage-stimulating effect of polysaccharides extracted from coriolus versicolor (turkey tail mushroom) was investigated, and their effectiveness was compared with that of lipopolysaccharide (lps). the purified polysaccharide (cv-s2-fr.i) of c. versicolor obtained by sepharose cl-6b gel chromatography stimulated macrophage lysosomal enzyme activity by 250% at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, which was higher than that of lps at the same concentration. when cv-s2-fr.i was used in combinat ...200616822202
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