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effects of storage temperature and ensiling period on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration silage.to examine how storage temperatures influence ensiling fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration (tmr) silage.201323565809
automated uv-c mutagenesis of kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-1109 and selection for microaerophilic growth and ethanol production at elevated temperature on biomass sugars.the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus is a potential microbial catalyst for fuel ethanol production from a wide range of biomass substrates. to improve its growth and ethanol yield at elevated temperature under microaerophilic conditions, k. marxianus nrrl y-1109 was irradiated with uv-c using automated protocols on a robotic platform for picking and spreading irradiated cultures and for processing the resulting plates. the plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions on xylose or glucose for 5 ...201323543482
characterization and stability of lactobacilli and yeast microbiota in kefir grains.characterization and stability of lactobacilli and yeasts from kefir grains using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were investigated in this study. culture-dependent analysis, followed by sequencing of 16s ribosomal dna for bacteria and 26s rrna gene for yeasts, revealed 3 different species of lactobacilli and yeasts, respectively. the most frequently isolated bacterial species were lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ssp. kefirgranum, lb. parakefiri, and lb. kefiri, whereas yeasts be ...201323497996
growth of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556 on different sugar combinations as sole carbon and energy source.the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus has been pointed out as a promising microorganism for a variety of industrial bioprocesses. although genetic tools have been developed for this yeast and different potential applications have been investigated, quantitative physiological studies have rarely been reported. here, we report and discuss the growth, substrate consumption, metabolite formation, and respiratory parameters of k. marxianus cbs 6556 during aerobic batch bioreactor cultivations, using a de ...201323435899
respiratory capacity of the kluyveromyces marxianus yeast isolated from the mezcal process during oxidative stress.during the mezcal fermentation process, yeasts are affected by several stresses that can affect their fermentation capability. these stresses, such as thermal shock, ethanol, osmotic and growth inhibitors are common during fermentation. cells have improved metabolic systems and they express stress response genes in order to decrease the damage caused during the stress, but to the best of our knowledge, there are no published works exploring the effect of oxidants and prooxidants, such as h2o2 an ...201323417282
ethanol-based organosolv treatment with trace hydrochloric acid improves the enzymatic digestibility of japanese cypress (chamaecyparis obtusa) by exposing nanofibers on the surface.the effects of adding trace acids in ethanol based organosolv treatment were investigated to increase the enzymatic digestibility of japanese cypress. a high glucose yield (60%) in the enzymatic hydrolysis was obtained by treating the sample at 170 °c for 45 min in 50% ethanol liquor containing 0.4% hydrochloric acid. moreover, the enzymatic digestibility of the treated sample was improved to ∼70% by changing the enzyme from acremonium cellulase to accellerase1500. field emission scanning electr ...201323395739
improving ethanol and xylitol fermentation at elevated temperature through substitution of xylose reductase in kluyveromyces marxianus.thermo-tolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus is able to utilize a wide range of substrates, including xylose; however, the xylose fermentation ability is weak because of the redox imbalance under oxygen-limited conditions. alleviating the intracellular redox imbalance through engineering the coenzyme specificity of nadph-preferring xylose reductase (xr) and improving the expression of xr should promote xylose consumption and fermentation. in this study, the native xylose reductase gene (kmxyl1) ...201323392758
construction of lactose-consuming saccharomyces cerevisiae for lactose fermentation into ethanol fuel.two lactose-consuming diploid saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, ay-51024a and ay-51024m, were constructed by expressing the lac4 and lac12 genes of kluyveromyces marxianus in the host strain ay-5. in ay-51024a, both genes were targeted to the ath1 and nth1 gene-encoding regions to abolish the activity of acid/neutral trehalase. in ay-51024m, both genes were respectively integrated into the mig1 and nth1 gene-encoding regions to relieve glucose repression. physiologic studies of the two transform ...201323344501
essentiality of respiratory activity for pentose utilization in thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus dmku 3-1042.by random integrative mutagenesis with a kanmx4 cassette in kluyveromyces marxianus dmku 3-1042, we obtained three mutants of cox15, atp25 and cyc3 encoding a cytochrome oxidase assembly factor (singleton), a transcription factor required for assembly of the atp9p subunit of mitochondrial atp synthase and cytochrome c heme lyase, respectively, as mutants lacking growth capability on xylose and/or arabinose. they exhibited incapability of growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, such as acetate ...201323338601
performance evaluation of pichia kluyveri, kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae in industrial tequila fermentation.traditionally, industrial tequila production has used spontaneous fermentation or saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. despite the potential of non-saccharomyces strains for alcoholic fermentation, few studies have been performed at industrial level with these yeasts. therefore, in this work, agave tequilana juice was fermented at an industrial level using two non-saccharomyces yeasts (pichia kluyveri and kluyveromyces marxianus) with fermentation efficiency higher than 85 %. pichia kluyveri ...201323329062
ethanol production using whole plant biomass of jerusalem artichoke by kluyveromyces marxianus cbs1555.jerusalem artichoke is a low-requirement sugar crop containing cellulose and hemicellulose in the stalk and a high content of inulin in the tuber. however, the lignocellulosic component in jerusalem artichoke stalk reduces the fermentability of the whole plant for efficient bioethanol production. in this study, jerusalem artichoke stalk was pretreated sequentially with dilute acid and alkali, and then hydrolyzed enzymatically. during enzymatic hydrolysis, approximately 88 % of the glucan and xyl ...201323322254
the structure of desr from streptomyces venezuelae, a β-glucosidase involved in macrolide activation.antibiotics have, indeed, altered the course of human history as is evidenced by the increase in human life expectancy since the 1940s. many of these natural compounds are produced by bacteria that, by necessity, must have efficient self-resistance mechanisms. the methymycin/pikromycin producing species streptomyces venezuelae, for example, utilizes β-glucosylation of its macrolide products to neutralize their effects within the confines of the cell. once released into the environment, these com ...201323225731
production of bioethanol from effluents of the dairy industry by kluyveromyces marxianus.whey and scotta are effluents coming from cheese and ricotta processing respectively. whey contains minerals, lipids, lactose and proteins; scotta contains mainly lactose. whey can be reused in several ways, such as protein extraction or animal feeding, while nowadays scotta is just considered as a waste; moreover, due to very high volumes of whey produced in the world, it poses serious environmental and disposal problems. alternative destinations of these effluents, such as biotechnological tra ...201323201075
kinetics of growth and ethanol formation from a mix of glucose/xylose substrate by kluyveromyces marxianus ufv-3.the fermentation of both glucose and xylose is important to maximize ethanol yield from renewable biomass feedstocks. in this article, we analyze growth, sugar consumption, and ethanol formation by the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus ufv-3 using various glucose and xylose concentrations and also under conditions of reduced respiratory activity. in almost all the conditions analyzed, glucose repressed xylose assimilation and xylose consumption began after glucose had been exhausted. a remarkable di ...201322965752
characterization of saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters for heterologous gene expression in kluyveromyces marxianus.kluyveromyces marxianus is now considered one of the best choices of option for industrial applications of yeast because the strain is able to grow at high temperature, utilizes various carbon sources, and grows fast. however, the use of k. marxianus as a host for industrial applications is still limited. this limitation is largely due to a lack of knowledge on the characteristics of the promoters since the time and amount of protein expression is strongly dependent on the promoter employed. in ...201322911091
stoichiometric identification with maximum likelihood principal component analysis.this study presents an effective procedure for the determination of a biologically inspired, black-box model of cultures of microorganisms (including yeasts, bacteria, plant and animal cells) in bioreactors. this procedure is based on sets of experimental data measuring the time-evolution of a few extracellular species concentrations, and makes use of maximum likelihood principal component analysis to determine, independently of the kinetics, an appropriate number of macroscopic reactions and th ...201322821205
identification of a xylitol dehydrogenase gene from kluyveromyces marxianus nbrc1777.xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) (ec 1.1.1.9) is one of the key enzymes in the xylose fermentation pathway in yeast and fungi. a xylitol dehydrogenase gene (xyl2) encoding a xdh was cloned from kluyveromyces marxianus nbrc 1777, and the in vivo function was validated by disruption and complementation analysis. the highest activity of kmxdh could be observed at ph 9.5 during 55°c. the values of k(cat)/k(m) indicate that kmxdh prefers nad(+) to nadp(+) (k(cat)/k(m nad)(+) 3681/min mm and k(cat)/k(m nad ...201322351371
fructanase and fructosyltransferase activity of non-saccharomyces yeasts isolated from fermenting musts of mezcal.fructanase and fructosyltransferase are interesting for the tequila process and prebiotics production (functional food industry). in this study, one hundred thirty non-saccharomyces yeasts isolated from "mezcal de oaxaca" were screened for fructanase and fructosyltransferase activity. on solid medium, fifty isolates grew on agave tequilana fructans (atf), inulin or levan. in liquid media, inulin and atf induced fructanase activities of between 0.02 and 0.27u/ml depending of yeast isolate. high f ...201222336744
the influence of presaccharification, fermentation temperature and yeast strain on ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse.ethanol can be produced from cellulosic biomass in a process known as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf). the presence of yeast together with the cellulolytic enzyme complex reduces the accumulation of sugars within the reactor, increasing the ethanol yield and saccharification rate. this paper reports the isolation of saccharomyces cerevisiae lbm-1, a strain capable of growth at 42 °c. in addition, s. cerevisiae lbm-1 and kluyveromyces marxianus ufv-3 were able to ferment suga ...201222285296
ethanol yield and volatile compound content in fermentation of agave must by kluyveromyces marxianus umpe-1 comparing with saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast used in tequila production.in tequila production, fermentation is an important step. fermentation determines the ethanol productivity and organoleptic properties of the beverage. in this study, a yeast isolated from native residual agave must was identified as kluyveromyces marxianus umpe-1 by 26s rrna sequencing. this yeast was compared with the baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pan1. our findings demonstrate that the umpe-1 yeast was able to support the sugar content of agave must and glucose up to 22% (w/v) and to ...201222280963
kluyveromyces marxianus-based platform for direct ethanol fermentation and recovery from cellulosic materials under air-ventilated conditions.consolidated bioprocessing represents an attractive approach to converting cellulosic materials into bioethanol, yet is practically unavailable. we developed a ventilation-mediated, simultaneous ethanol fermentation and recovery system. running the system under air-supplied conditions, apparently pure ethanol (28g) was recovered from cellobiose (100g) by growing recombinant kluyveromyces marxianus expressing β-glucosidase.201222265895
on enhancing productivity of bioethanol with multiple species.the present work is initiated to investigate whether a defined culture comprising a mixture of three yeast species, kluyveromyces marxianus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and pichia stipitis can ferment a mixture of sugars to produce bioethanol at rates higher than those achieved by pure cultures of the same. for this purpose, we develop models of single species based on the hybrid cybernetic model framework, and simulate fermentations in the mixed culture by combining individual models. an underlyi ...201222234672
production of inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus using dahlia tuber extract.various carbon sources were evaluated for production of inulinase by yeast, kluyveromyces marxianus mtcc 3995. highest inulinase activity was observed with dahlia extract (25.3 nkat ml(-1)) as carbon source. the enzyme activity was 1.4 folds higher than that observed in media containing pure chicory inulin (17.8 nkat ml(-1)). the yeast showed good growth on a simple medium containing dahlia extract (20% w/v) and yeast extract (2%w/v) as carbon and nitrogen source respectively, in 96 h. at 28°c a ...201224031804
temperature and relative humidity influence the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of camembert-type cheese ripening.to evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on microbial and biochemical ripening kinetics, camembert-type cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk seeded with kluyveromyces marxianus, geotrichum candidum, penicillium camemberti, and brevibacterium aurantiacum. microorganism growth and biochemical changes were studied under different ripening temperatures (8, 12, and 16°c) and rh (88, 92, and 98%). the central point runs (12°c, 92% rh) were both reproducible and repeatab ...201222818481
thermotolerant kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae strains representing potentials for bioethanol production from jerusalem artichoke by consolidated bioprocessing.thermotolerant inulin-utilizing yeast strains are desirable for ethanol production from jerusalem artichoke tubers by consolidated bioprocessing (cbp). to obtain such strains, 21 naturally occurring yeast strains isolated by using an enrichment method and 65 previously isolated saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were investigated in inulin utilization, extracellular inulinase activity, and ethanol fermentation from inulin and jerusalem artichoke tuber flour at 40 °c. the strains kluyveromyces marx ...201222760784
kefir grains as a starter for whey fermentation at different temperatures: chemical and microbiological characterisation.we report here a comparative analysis of the growth, acidification capacity, and chemical and microbiologic composition between kefir grains after 20 subcultures in whey at 20, 30, and 37°c and the original kefir grains coming from milk along with a determination of the microbiological composition of the fermented whey as compared with that of traditional fermented milk. when fermentation was carried out repeatedly at 30 or 37°c, kefir grains changed their kefir-like appearance, exhibited reduce ...201222717048
formation of ethyl acetate by kluyveromyces marxianus on whey during aerobic batch and chemostat cultivation at iron limitation.the ability of kluyveromyces marxianus to convert lactose into ethyl acetate offers a chance for an economic reuse of whey. former experiments with k. marxianus dsm 5422 proved limitation of growth by iron (fe) or copper as a precondition for significant ester synthesis. several aerobic batch and chemostat cultivations were done with whey-borne media of a variable fe content for exploring the effect of fe on growth, the fe content of biomass, and metabolite synthesis. at low fe doses, fe was the ...201222695802
[molecular-genetic and physiologic differentiation of yeasts kluyveromyces lactis and kluyveromyces marxianus: analysis of strains fron russian microorganisms collection]. 201222693833
structural insights into atg10-mediated formation of the autophagy-essential atg12-atg5 conjugate.the atg12-atg5 conjugate, which is formed by an ubiquitin-like conjugation system, is essential to autophagosome formation, a central event in autophagy. despite its importance, the molecular mechanism of the atg12-atg5 conjugate formation has not been elucidated. here, we report the solution and crystal structures of atg10 and atg5 homologs from kluyveromyces marxianus (km), a thermotolerant yeast. kmatg10 comprises an e2-core fold with characteristic accessories, including two β strands, where ...201222682742
high-temperature ethanol fermentation by immobilized coculture of kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae.suspended and immobilized cocultures of the thermotolerant yeast, kluyveromyces marxianus dmku 3-1042 and the mesophilic flocculent yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae m30 were studied for their abilities to improve production and stability of ethanol fermentation. sugarcane juice and blackstrap molasses, at initial sugar concentrations of 220 g/l, were used as carbon sources. the results indicated that the coculture system could improve ethanol production from both sugarcane juice and blackstrap mo ...201222608995
detection and identification of wild yeast in koumiss.koumiss is a slightly alcoholic fermented mare's milk beverage, originally obtained by using a natural mixed starter of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. yeast is an important component of koumiss processing which can affect the aroma, texture, as well as the nutrients beneficial to human health, but few reports have examined the yeast ecology of local ecosystems. the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the yeast present in koumiss from three representative regions of china using a ...201222608237
formation of ethyl acetate by kluyveromyces marxianus on whey during aerobic batch cultivation at specific trace element limitation.kluyveromyces marxianus is able to transform lactose into ethyl acetate as a bulk product which offers a chance for an economical reuse of whey-borne sugar. ethyl acetate is highly volatile and allows its process-integrated recovery by stripping from the aerated bioreactor. extensive formation of ethyl acetate by k. marxianus dsm 5422 required restriction of yeast growth by a lack of trace elements. several aerobic batch processes were done in a 1-l stirred reactor using whey-borne culture mediu ...201222573271
cloning and characterization of the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene (ura3) from the osmotolerant yeast candida magnoliae.we determined the nucleotide sequence of the ura3 gene encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ompdcase) of the erythritol-producing osmotolerant yeast candida magnoliae by degenerate polymerase chain reaction and genome walking. sequence analysis revealed the presence of an uninterrupted open-reading frame of 795 bp, encoding a 264 amino acid residue protein with the highest identity to the ompdcase of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid seq ...201222561858
evaluation of oligosaccharide synthesis from lactose and lactulose using β-galactosidases from kluyveromyces isolated from artisanal cheeses.the β-galactosidase activity of 15 kluyveromyces strains isolated from cheese belonging to kluyveromyces lactis and kluyveromyces marxianus species was tested for the production of oligosaccharides derived from lactose (gos) and lactulose (oslu). all kluyveromyces crude cell extracts (cees) produced gos, such as 6-galactobiose and 3'-, 4'-, and 6'-galactosyl-lactose. at 4 h of reaction, the main trisaccharide formed was 6'-galactosyl-lactose (20 g/100 g of total carbohydrates). the formation of ...201222559148
a highly efficient β-glucosidase from the buffalo rumen fungus neocallimastix patriciarum w5.cellulose, which is the most abundant renewable biomass on earth, is a potential bio-resource of alternative energy. the hydrolysis of plant polysaccharides is catalyzed by microbial cellulases, including endo-β-1,4-glucanases, cellobiohydrolases, cellodextrinases, and β-glucosidases. converting cellobiose by β-glucosidases is the key factor for reducing cellobiose inhibition and enhancing the efficiency of cellulolytic enzymes for cellulosic ethanol production.201222515264
covalent immobilization of kluyveromyces fragilis β-galactosidase on magnetic nanosized epoxy support for synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide.the novel magnetic nanobeads with epoxy groups on the surface were prepared from glycidyl methacrylate (gma), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (egdma) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema) via emulsifier-free emulsion polymerisation, and they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. the magnetic poly(gma-edgma-hema) nanobeads were used as support for covalent immobilization of kluyveromyces fragilis β-galactosidase, the maximum amount enzyme attached ont ...201222398930
bioethanol production from scenedesmus obliquus sugars: the influence of photobioreactors and culture conditions on biomass production.a closed-loop vertical tubular photobioreactor (pbr), specially designed to operate under conditions of scarce flat land availability and irregular solar irradiance conditions, was used to study the potential of scenedesmus obliquus biomass/sugar production. the results obtained were compared to those from an open-raceway pond and a closed-bubble column. the influence of the type of light source and the regime (natural vs artificial and continuous vs light/dark cycles) on the growth of the micro ...201222899495
structure-based analyses reveal distinct binding sites for atg2 and phosphoinositides in atg18.autophagy is an intracellular degradation system by which cytoplasmic materials are enclosed by an autophagosome and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole. atg18 plays a critical role in autophagosome formation as a complex with atg2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (ptdins(3)p). however, little is known about the structure of atg18 and its recognition mode of atg2 or ptdins(3)p. here, we report the crystal structure of kluyveromyces marxianus hsv2, an atg18 paralog, at 2.6 å resolution. the struc ...201222851171
experimental investigation and optimization of process variables affecting the production of extracellular lipase by kluyveromyces marxianus ifo 0288.in this study, the production and optimization of extracellular lipase from kluyveromyces marxianus ifo 0288 was investigated by using optimized nutritional and cultural conditions in a yeast medium containing glucose as the carbon source in fully aerobic batch fermentation (150 rpm). the influence of four fermentation parameters (type of lipidic source, initial culture ph, temperature, and length of fermentation) on growth and lipase production was investigated and evaluated using the conventio ...201222843062
a novel kluyveromyces marxianus strain with an inducible flocculation phenotype.flocculation is a very useful phenotype for industrial yeast strains, since it facilitates cell harvest and represents an easy way of cell immobilization in continuous fermentation processes. the present work represents the first time that an inducible flocculation phenotype has been generated in a non flocculent strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. this was accomplished by expressing saccharomyces cerevisiae flo5 gene in k. marxianus cect 11769 strain. the flo 5 gene was placed under the control ...201222838397
purification, kinetic characterization and properties of a novel thermo-tolerant extracellular protease from kluyveromyces marxianus ifo 0288 with potential biotechnological interest.a novel extracellular hydrolase of ∼45kda molecular mass was purified from kluyveromyces marxianus ifo 0288 cultures and characterized as serine protease. the k(m)-value of protease (designated protease-km-ifo-0288-a), which was found active in media containing elevated [nacl] but lacking edtak(2), decreased with increasing [ca(2+)]. the protease maintained considerable activity at the range of 10-60°c and ph 6.00-10.25, with optimum k(cat)/k(m)-value at 35.5°c and ph 7.75. it was strongly affec ...201222940322
genome sequence of the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus kctc 17555.kluyveromyces marxianus is a thermotolerant yeast that has been explored for potential use in biotechnological applications, such as production of biofuels, single-cell proteins, enzymes, and other heterologous proteins. here, we present the high-quality draft of the 10.9-mb genome of k. marxianus var. marxianus kctc 17555 (= cbs 6556 = atcc 26548).201223193140
synthesis of duloxetine intermediate (s)-3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol with liquid-core immobilized candida pseudotropicalis 104.(s) -3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol was synthesized by the asymmetric reduction of 3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)propanone with liquid-core immobilized candida pseudotropicalis 104. the optimum time was 28 h for the re-cultivation of immobilized cells. the optimum film solvent for the liquid-core capsule was 0.3 % chitosan (m (w) 1.0 × 10(5)). conversion decreased with the increase of the liquid-core capsule diameter and with the addition of more substrates at the same reduction time. the immobilized ...201223070716
novel technology development through thermal drying of encapsulated kluyveromyces marxianus in micro- and nano-tubular cellulose in lactose fermentation and its evaluation for food production.a novel technology development based on the production of a low-cost starter culture for ripening of cheeses and baking is reported in the present study. the starter culture comprises thermally dried cells of kluyveromyces marxianus encapsulated in micro- and nano-tubular cellulose. for production of a low-cost and effective biocatalyst, whey was used as raw material for biomass production and thermal drying methods (convective, conventional, and vacuum) were applied and evaluated at drying temp ...201223111921
comparison of ethanol production from cheese whey permeate by two yeast strains.the objective of the present laboratory scale experiment was to compare ethanol production by kluyveromyces marxianus strain atcc8554 and candida kefyr atcc 14245 from unconcentrated and concentrated cheese whey permeate. the results indicated that ethanol production was greater when using concentrated whey permeate (9.8% lactose) compared to unconcentrated whey permeate (4.9% lactose) by both the yeasts, especially in presence of growth supplements. the rate and extent of ethanol formation incr ...201224082274
characteristics of microbial biofilm on wooden vats ('gerles') in pdo salers cheese.the purpose of this study was to characterize microbial biofilms from 'gerles' (wooden vats for making pdo salers cheese) and identify their role in milk inoculation and in preventing pathogen development. gerles from ten farms producing pdo salers cheese were subjected to microbial analysis during at least 4 periods spread over two years. they were distinguished by their levels of lactobacillus (between 4.50 and 6.01 log cfu/cm(2)), gram negative bacteria (between 1.45 and 4.56 log cfu/cm(2)), ...201222483401
biodiversity and probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from fura, a west african spontaneously fermented cereal.fura is a spontaneously fermented pearl millet product consumed in west africa. the yeast species involved in the fermentation were identified by pheno- and genotypic methods to be candida krusei, kluyveromyces marxianus, candida tropicalis, candida rugosa, candida fabianii, candida norvegensis and trichosporon asahii. c. krusei and k. marxianus were found to be the dominant species. survival in ph 2.5 or in the presence of bile salts (0.3% (w/v) oxgall) and growth at 37°c were independently det ...201223072700
yeasts from colombian kumis as source of peptides with angiotensin i converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory activity in milk.this study investigated the possibility of using yeast strains in fermented milks to obtain products with high angiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory activity and low bitter taste. ninety-three yeast strains isolated from colombian kumis in different geographic regions were molecularly identified, and their milk fermentation performances were determined. molecular identification evidenced that galactomyces geotrichum, pichia kudriavzevii, clavispora lusitaniae and candida tropicalis, w ...201222938834
determination of the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents and antimicrobial activity of viburnum opulus fruit juice.viburnum opulus is a plant with fruits that are rich in biologically active substances, making it valuable to the food and pharmaceutical industries. here, we present our study of the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents and antimicrobial activity in the fruit juice of six v. opulus l. accessions. the cultivar 'krasnaya grozd' was notable for its exceptionally large amount of total phenolics, 1168 mg/100 g, with anthocyanins comprising 3-5 % of the total phenolic content. the evaluation of th ...201222865031
investigation on culturable microflora in tibetan kefir grains from different areas of china.four samples of tibetan kefir grains (tk-zjuj 01-04) from tibet and surrounding areas were investigated via phenotypic and genotypic methods to compare and analyze the diversity of culturable microflora among different origins. as a result, 4 genera of microorganisms from tk-zjuj01: bacillus subtilis (2.9 × 10(7) cfu/ml), lactococcus lactis (8.2 × 10(7) cfu/ml), kluyveromyces marxianus (3.0 × 10(6) cfu/ml), saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.0 × 10(6) cfu/ml); 4 genera from tk-zjuj02: lactobacillus kef ...201222860591
nomimicin, a new spirotetronate-class polyketide from an actinomycete of the genus actinomadura.nomimicin (1), a new spirotetronate-class polyketide, was isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete of the genus actinomadura. its structure was established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration was determined by a combination of noesy experiment, j-based configuration analysis and the modified mosher method. nomimicin (1) showed antimicrobial activity against micrococcus luteus, candida albicans and kluyveromyces fragilis.201222534651
enhancement of ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of rice straw using ethoxylated span 20.in this work, four nonionic surfactants based on sorbitan monolaurate (span 20) were synthesized by introducing ethylene oxide gas (n = 20, 40, 60, 80 ethylene oxide units) into span 20 to give four new surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (hlb), namely, e(20), e(40), e(60), and e(80). the structures of the prepared nonionic surfactants were elucidated using fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir) and (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the surface-tension measure ...201222239707
[identification of three candida africana strains in senegal].the frequency of candidiasis has increased dramatically in recent years. candida albicans is the most common species. however, other species which are pathogenic and resistant to usual antifungal agents beginning to emerge. these include candida dubliniensis and candida africana, which share morphological similarities with candida albicans. thus, it is of interest to correctly identify the fungal isolates.201223518168
interaction between lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in airag, an alcoholic fermented milk.the interaction between nine lactic acid bacteria (lab) and five yeast strains isolated from airag of inner mongolia autonomic region, china was investigated. three representative lab and two yeasts showed symbioses were selected and incubated in 10% (w/v) reconstituted skim milk as single and mixed cultures to measure viable count, titratable acidity, ethanol and sugar content every 24 h for 1 week. lab and yeasts showed high viable counts in the mixed cultures compared to the single cultures. ...201223302085
cloning, characterization and heterelogous expression of the inu1 gene from cryptococcus aureus hya.the inu1 gene (accession number: jx073660) encoding exo-inulinase from cryptococcus aureus hya was cloned and characterized. the gene had an open reading frame (orf) of 1653 bp long encoding an inulinase. the coding region of the gene was not interrupted by any intron. it encoded 551 amino acid residues of a protein with a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids and the calculated molecular mass of 59.5 kda. the protein sequence deduced from the inulinase structural gene contained the inulinas ...201223268348
comparing cell viability and ethanol fermentation of the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae on steam-exploded biomass treated with laccase.in this study, the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus cect 10875 was compared to the industrial strain saccharomyces cerevisiae ethanol red for lignocellulosic ethanol production. for it, whole slurry from steam-exploded wheat straw was used as raw material, and two process configurations, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) and presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (pssf), were evaluated. compared to s. cerevisiae, which was able to pr ...201223265821
enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides by inulinases from aspergillus niger and kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 in aqueous-organic medium.this work is focused on the synthesis of the fructooligosaccharides (fos) from sucrose and inulin, using free, immobilized and pre-treated immobilized inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y 7571 and aspergillus niger in an aqueous-organic system. initially, the influence of pre-treatment using four different gases, propane, n-butane, co(2) and liquefied petroleum gas (lpg), was investigated towards fos production and best results were found when both enzymes were previously treated with l ...201223265469
Consolidated bioprocessing strategy for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by Kluyveromyces marxianus under high gravity conditions.Aims: Developing an innovative process for ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers under very high gravity (VHG) conditions. Methods and Results: A consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) strategy that integrated inulinase production, saccharification of inulin contained in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and ethanol production from sugars released from inulin by the enzyme was developed with the inulinase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus Y179 and fed-batch operation. The impact of ino ...201221985089
combination of kluyveromyces marxianus and sodium bicarbonate for controlling green mold of citrus fruit.biocontrol efficacy of an antagonistic yeast kluyveromyces marxianus was evaluated individually or in combination with sodium bicarbonate (sbc) against green mold of citrus fruit caused by penicillium digitatum. their effects on postharvest quality of citrus fruit were also investigated. the results indicated that the antagonistic activity of k. marxianus at 1×10⁸ cfu/ml on green mold of citrus fruit was enhanced by 2% sbc treatment. in artificial inoculation trials, disease control after 3 and ...201121920618
Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory profiles of fermented milk containing probiotic strains isolated from kefir.A two-strain starter culture containing Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114, a potential probiotic strain isolated from kefir grains, and Streptococcus thermophilus CIDCA 321 was tested for the preparation of a fermented milk product. Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154, a yeast with immunomodulatory properties was included to formulate a three-strain starter culture. Supernatants of enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli, shiga-toxin-producing strain, along with a two-strain or a three-strain starte ...201122004606
Maternal Sepsis, Chorioamnionitis and Congenital Candida kefyr Infection in Premature Twins.This is the first reported case of maternal sepsis and placental transmission of Candida kefyr to premature fraternal twins. The mother consumed organic dairy products regularly throughout her pregnancy and developed sepsis with chorioamnionitis by C. kefyr. The twins developed espiratory distress at birth. The placenta, fetal membranes and umbilical cords showed numerous colonies of yeasts, subsequently identified as C. kefyr. Candida kefyr sepsis in preterm neonates should be considered when t ...201122146738
modeling of an integrated fermentation/membrane extraction process for the production of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate.an unstructured model for an integrated fermentation/membrane extraction process for the production of the aroma compounds 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 600 was developed. the extent to which this model, based only on data from the conventional fermentation and separation processes, provided an estimation of the integrated process was evaluated. the effect of product inhibition on specific growth rate and on biomass yield by both aroma compounds was appr ...201122112913
influence of nutritional and environmental factors on ethanol and endopolygalacturonase co-production by kluyveromyces marxianus ccebi 2011.ethanol and endopolygalacturonase (endopg) are simultaneously produced by the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus ccebi 2011. the aim of this study was to determine the optimal combination of seven environmental and nutritional variables, as well as the influence of each one, with respect to the fermentation process in yeast cultures in which sugarcane juice was the substrate. simplex sequential optimization showed that after 15 runs the optimal conditions were: ph, 4.6; temperature, 31 ºc; total redu ...201122015701
Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of naphthylamine derivatives having a thiazolidinone moiety.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pharmacophores having naphthylamine and nitro groups on the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of thiazolidinone derivatives.201121968886
Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different spices.The antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of 12 plant species were studied. The extract of Capsicum annuum (red pepper) (fruit) Zingiber officinale (ginger) (root), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Alpinia ficinarum (galingale), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cinnamomun zeylanicum Nees (cinnamomun), Origanum onites L. (thyme), Folium sennae (senna), Eugenia caryophyllata (cloves), Flos tiliae (lime), Folium menthae crispae (peppermint) and Piper nigrum (blackpepper ...201121882663
production of bioethanol from organic whey using kluyveromyces marxianus.ethanol production by k. marxianus in whey from organic cheese production was examined in batch and continuous mode. the results showed that no pasteurization or freezing of the whey was necessary and that k. marxianus was able to compete with the lactic acid bacteria added during cheese production. the results also showed that, even though some lactic acid fermentation had taken place prior to ethanol fermentation, k. marxianus was able to take over and produce ethanol from the remaining lactos ...201120632200
in vitro synergism between berberine and miconazole against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures.to investigate the antimycotic activity of the plant alkaloid berberine (bbr), alone and in combination with antifungal azoles, against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures.201121272859
identification of a xylulokinase catalyzing xylulose phosphorylation in the xylose metabolic pathway of kluyveromyces marxianus nbrc1777.xylulokinase is one of the key enzymes in xylose metabolism and fermentation, and fine-tuned expression of xylulokinase can improve xylose fermentation in yeast. to improve the efficiency of xylose fermentation in kluyveromyces marxianus, the gene kmxyl3, which encodes a d: -xylulokinase (e.c. 2.7.1.17), was isolated from k. marxianus nbrc1777. kmxyl3 was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) cells, and the specific activity of the resulting recombinant purified xylulokinase was 23.5 mu/mg. d ...201121451977
ethanol production from whey permeate in a continuous anaerobic bioreactor by kluyveromyces marxianus.the possibility of using whey permeate as a raw material for the production of ethanol by continuous fermentation by using kluyveromyces marxianus was examined. the ethanol formation was investigated as a function of the hydraulic retention time in a uasb reactor. the initial lactose concentration in permeate was 50.0 g l(-1). the hydraulic retention time supplied were 12, 24, 48 h and the daily ethanol formations were 4.46, 8.61, 7.73 g l(-1), respectively. the yield coefficient of ethanol was ...201121473267
growth and ethanol fermentation ability on hexose and pentose sugars and glucose effect under various conditions in thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus.ethanol fermentation ability of the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus, which is able to utilize various sugars including glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, was examined under shaking and static conditions at high temperatures. the yeast was found to produce ethanol from all of these sugars except for arabinose under a shaking condition but only from hexose sugars under a static condition. growth and sugar utilization rate under a static condition were slower than thos ...201121476140
enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows.the aim of the study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from inflammatory mammary secretion. the yeasts isolated from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis (134 strains) included: candida krusei (62 strains), candida kefyr (48 strains), candida lusitaniae (17 strains) and candida famata (7 strains). the api zym system was used containing substrates to assess 19 hydrolytic enzymes. substantial differences in the number and activity of hydrolyses were demonstrated in in ...201121528713
epidemiology and microbiology of nosocomial pediatric candidemia at a northern indian tertiary care hospital.the availability and aggressive use of chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents as well as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents have created a large population of patients who are at increased risk of acquiring infections with fungal organisms, especially candida species. present work was undertaken to study the epidemiology and microbiology of candidemia and candida colonization in hospitalized children. a total of 323 suspected cases of septicemia were enrolled, of which blood culture from ...201121533904
trehalose overproduction affects the stress tolerance of kluyveromyces marxianus ambiguously.a thermotolerant kluyveromyces marxianus mutant was developed by exposing yeast cultures repeatedly to 48°c incubation temperature, and the strain was characterized with a significantly increased trehalose content. unexpectedly, the strain was sensitive to alcohol, osmotic and oxidative stress, which correlated with the increases in the trehalose concentrations. intracellular glutathione levels declined in both wild-type and mutant cells when exposed to elevating incubation temperatures. finally ...201121592782
candida kefyr fungal enteritis following autologous bmt. 201121625228
a biochemically structured model for ethanol fermentation by kluyveromyces marxianus: a batch fermentation and kinetic study.anaerobic batch fermentations of ricotta cheese whey (i.e. containing lactose) were performed under different operating conditions. ethanol concentrations of ca. 22gl(-1) were found from whey containing ca. 44gl(-1) lactose, which corresponded to up to 95% of the theoretical ethanol yield within 15h. the experimental data could be explained by means of a simple knowledge-driven biochemically structured model that was built on bioenergetics principles applied to the metabolic pathways through whi ...201121632239
identification of a xylose reductase gene in the xylose metabolic pathway of kluyveromyces marxianus nbrc1777.kluyveromyces marxianus is thermotolerant yeast that is able to utilize a wider range of substrates and has greater thermal tolerance than most other yeast species. k. marxianus can assimilate xylose, but its ability to produce ethanol from xylose in oxygen-limited environments is poor. in the present study, the k. marxianus xylose reductase (kmxr) gene (kmxyl1) was cloned and the recombinant enzyme was characterized to clarify the factors that limit xylose fermentation in k. marxianus nbrc1777. ...201121643709
quantifying the individual effects of ethanol and temperature on the fitness advantage of saccharomyces cerevisiae.the presence of saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape berries and fresh musts is usually very low. however, as fermentation progresses, the population levels of this species considerably increase. in this study, we use the concept of fitness advantage to measure how increasing ethanol concentrations (0-25%) and temperature values (4-46 °c) in wine fermentations affects competition between s. cerevisiae and several non-saccharomyces yeasts (hanseniaspora uvarum, torulaspora delbrueckii, candida zempl ...201121645814
physiological and metabolic diversity in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus.kluyveromyces marxianus is homothallic hemiascomycete yeast frequently isolated from dairy environments. it possesses phenotypic traits such as enhanced thermotolerance, inulinase production, and rapid growth rate that distinguish it from its closest relative kluyveromyces lactis. certain of these traits, notably fermentation of lactose and inulin to ethanol, make this yeast attractive for industrial production of ethanol from inexpensive substrates. there is relatively little known, however, ab ...201121674230
[antistress cross-protection of uv irradiated yeast cells with participation of extracellular peptide factors].antistress effect of extracellular peptides on uv irradiated yeast of different phylogenetic groups was studied. yeast from different ecotopes and taxonomic groups exposed to uv radiation of a lethal intensity showed a protective effect and reactivating effect with participation of extracellular peptides. the highest protective activity was found in peptide reactivation factors (rfs) of bakery yeast-saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces fragilis, and candida utilis; the highest reactivating ac ...201121790028
immobilization of inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 using modified sodium alginate beads.an experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the concentrations of sodium alginate, glutaraldehyde and activated coal on the immobilization of inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571. the experimental condition of 20-ág/l of sodium alginate, 50-áml/l of glutaraldehyde and 30-ág/l of activated coal led to the highest specific activity (2,063.5-áu/mg of protein), corresponding to an enhancement of about 26 times compared to the activity of the free enzyme (79.1-áu/mg ...201121833621
physiological diversity within the kluyveromyces marxianus species.the kluyveromyces marxianus strains cbs 6556, cbs 397 and cbs 712(t) were cultivated on a defined medium with either glucose, lactose or sucrose as the sole carbon source, at 30 and 37-¦c. the aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity within this species, in terms of the macroscopic physiology. the main properties evaluated were: intensity of the crabtree effect, specific growth rate, biomass yield on substrate, metabolite excretion and protein secretion capacity, inferred by measuring extr ...201121732033
yeast communities associated with artisanal mezcal fermentations from agave salmiana.the aims of this work were to characterize the fermentation process of mezcal from san luis potosi, m+®xico and identify the yeasts present in the fermentation using molecular culture-dependent methods (rflp of the 5.8s-its and sequencing of the d1/d2 domain) and also by using a culture-independent method (dgge). the alcoholic fermentations of two separate musts obtained from agave salmiana were analyzed. sugar, ethanol and major volatile compounds concentrations were higher in the first ferment ...201121681584
investigation of the potential of biocalorimetry as a process analytical technology (pat) tool for monitoring and control of crabtree-negative yeast cultures.biological reaction calorimetry, also known as biocalorimetry, has led to extensive applications in monitoring and control of different bioprocesses. a simple real-time estimator for biomass and growth rate was formulated, based on in-line measured metabolic heat flow values. the performance of the estimator was tested in a unique bench-scale calorimeter (biorc1), improved to a sensitivity range of 8-ámw-ál(ôçë-ôçë1) in order to facilitate the monitoring of even weakly exothermic biochemical rea ...201121845386
cellulosic ethanol production on temperature-shift simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using the thermostable yeast kluyveromyces marxianus chy1612.in cellulosic ethanol production, use of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) has been suggested as the favorable strategy to reduce process costs. although ssf has many advantages, a significant discrepancy still exists between the appropriate temperature for saccharification (45-50 °c) and fermentation (30-35 °c). in the present study, the potential of temperature-shift as a tool for ssf optimization for bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass was examined. cellulosic eth ...201121947624
Editors' Note: Physiological diversity within the Kluyveromyces marxianus species. 201122048743
[Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by a genetically-modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of secreting inulinase].Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the inulinase gene (inu) from Kluyveromyces marxianus was investigated. The inu native and pgk promoters were used to drive the expression of the inu gene, and the inulinase was expressed as an extracellular enzyme. All positive clones (confirmed by PCR) were able to express inulinase as measured by enzyme activity in the culture supernatant, among which two clones HI6/6 and HPI6/3 wer ...201122016987
growth characteristics and physiological functionality of yeasts in pear marc extracts.kluyveromyces fragilis kctc 7260 and saccharomyces cerevisiae kctc 7904, which both grew well in pear marc extract, were selected and their growth profiles and physiological functionalities were determined. both of the selected yeasts established maximal growth by 20 hr of cultivation at 30℃ in pear marc extract. the cell-free extracts showed high antihypertensive angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 68.9% and 52.1%, respectively. the extracts also displayed 9.2 u/ml and 12.0 u ...201122783099
susceptibility of clinical candida species isolates to antifungal agents by e-test, southern iran: a five year study.the incidence of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, especially by candida species, has increased in recent years. this study was designed to identify candida species and determine antifungal susceptibility patterns of 595 yeast strains isolated from various clinical specimens.201122530086
internal transcribed spacer as a target to assess yeast biodiversity in italian taleggio pdo cheese.three batches of soft smear-ripened taleggio pdo cheese were made in northern italy during the summertime 2010. a total of 129 isolates cultured from cheese surface were examined by using pcr-based methods and sequencing of both the its1 region and d1 and d2 domains of the 26s rrna gene. sequence analysis of isolates brought to the identification of 6 species: debaryomyces hansenii, kluyveromyces lactis, kluyveromyces marxianus, yarrowia lipolytica, pichia guilliermondii, and torulaspora delbrue ...201122417557
Enoate reductases from non conventional yeasts: bioconversion, cloning, and functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Old yellow enzymes (OYEs, EC 1.6.99.1) are flavin-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the stereoselective trans-hydrogenation of the double bond, representing a promising alternative to metal-based catalysis. Bioconversion of ketoisophorone (KIP) by 28 non-conventional yeasts belonging to 16 different species was investigated. Growing cells of most of the strains reduced KIP via OYE and showed high stereoselectivity, producing R-levodione as major product. Competition by carbonyl reductase ( ...201121933690
the high fermentative metabolism of kluyveromyces marxianus ufv-3 relies on the increased expression of key lactose metabolic enzymes.the aim of this work was to obtain insights about the factors that determine the lactose fermentative metabolism of kluyveromyces marxianus ufv-3. k. marxianus ufv-3 and kluyveromyces lactis ja6 were cultured in a minimal medium containing different lactose concentrations (ranging from 0.25 to 64 mmol l(-1)) under aerobic and hypoxic conditions to evaluate their growth kinetics, gene expression and enzymatic activity. the increase in lactose concentration and the decrease in oxygen level favoure ...201122068918
potential probiotic kluyveromyces marxianus fragilis b0399 modulates the immune response in caco-2 cells and pbmcs and impacts on the human gut microbiota in an in vitro colonic model system.considering the increase in the consumption of yeasts as human probiotics, the aim of this study was to broadly investigate the beneficial properties of the lactic yeast k. marxianus fragilis b0399. several potential probiotic traits of k. marxianus fragilis b0399 were investigated using in vitro assays, including adhesion and immune modulation, as well as the effect of the administration of 10(7) cfu/day of k. marxianus fragilis b0399 on composition and metabolic activity of the human intestina ...201122156412
different laccase detoxification strategies for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass by the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus cect 10875.in this work, laccase enzymes were evaluated to detoxify the whole slurry from steam-exploded wheat straw. for it, two different strategies, laccase treatment before or after enzymatic hydrolysis, were employed. the detoxification efficiency was analyzed on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation levels by the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. laccases reduced phenolic compounds without affecting weak acids and furan derivates. a lower glucose recovery was observed when laccase treatme ...201122197073
Utilization capability of sucrose, raffinose and inulin and its less-sensitiveness to glucose repression in thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU 3-1042.ABSTRACT: Kluyveromyces marxianus possesses a useful potential to assimilate a wide variety of substrates at a high temperature, but the negative effect by coexisting glucose is critical for utilization of biomass containing various sugars. Such a negative effect on the activity of inulinase, which is the sole enzyme to hydrolyze sucrose, raffinose and inulin, has been demonstrated in K. marxianus without analysis at the gene level. To clarify the utilization capability of sucrose, raffinose and ...201121920047
the effect of different ethoxylations for sorbitan monolaurate on enhancing simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of wheat straw to ethanol.in this paper, four nonionic surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (hlb) based on sorbitan monolaurate were synthesized by introducing ethylene oxide gas (n = 20, 40, 60, and 80 ethylene oxide units). the chemical structure of the prepared ethoxylated surfactants was confirmed using fourier transform-infrared and (1)h nmr spectroscopes. the surface tension and thermodynamic properties of the prepared surfactants have been studied. the simultaneous saccharification and ferment ...201121984384
fungal diversity in cow, goat and ewe milk.knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. in this study, we applied the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (d-hplc) technique, combined with the amplification of the its1 region from fungal rdna, for the rapid identification of major fungal species in 9 raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat, collected at different periods of the year. a total of 27 fungal species were identified. yeast species belonged to candida, cryptococcus ...201121944758
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Kanlow switchgrass by thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3: the effect of enzyme loading, temperature and higher solid loadings.Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was subjected to hydrothermolysis pretreatment and then used to study the effect of enzyme loading and temperature in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with the thermotolerant yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 at 8% solid loading. Various loadings of Accellerase 1500 between 0.1 and 1.1 mL g(-1) glucan were tested in SSF at 45 °C (activity of enzyme was 82.2 FPU mL(-1)). The optimum enzyme loading was 0.7 mL g(-1) glucan based on the si ...201121955879
sequence analysis and structural characterization of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from the phytopathogenic fungus eremothecium ashbyi.eremothecium ashbyi is a phytopathogenic fungus infesting cotton, soybeans and several other plants. this highly flavinogenic fungus has been phylogenetically characterized, but the genetic aspects of its central metabolic and riboflavin biosynthetic pathways are unknown. an orf of 996 bp was obtained from e. ashbyi by using degenerate primers for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5'-3' rapid amplification of cdna ...201120820924
effect of freeze-drying on viability and in vitro probiotic properties of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir.the effect of freeze-drying on viability and probiotic properties of a microbial mixture containing selected bacterial and yeast strains isolated from kefir grains (lactobacillus kefir, lactobacillus plantarum, lactococcus lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus) was studied. the microorganisms were selected according to their potentially probiotic properties in vitro already reported. two types of formulations were performed, a microbial mixture (mm) suspended in milk and a ...201120822567
heterologous expression of a thermophilic esterase in kluyveromyces yeasts.in the present work, a thermophilic esterase from thermus thermophilus hb27 was cloned into kluyveromyces marxianus and into kluyveromyces lactis using two different expression systems, yielding four recombinant strains. k. lactis showed the highest esterase expression levels (294 units per gram dry cell weight, with 65% of cell-bound enzyme) using an episomal system with the pgk promoter and terminator from saccharomyces cerevisiae combined with the k. lactis k1 secretion signal. k. marxianus s ...201120862582
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