Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| on the effect of chess training on scholastic achievement. | 2014 | 25152737 | |
| the association of early childhood cognitive development and behavioural difficulties with pre-adolescent problematic eating attitudes. | few studies have prospectively investigated associations of child cognitive ability and behavioural difficulties with later eating attitudes. we investigated associations of intelligence quotient (iq), academic performance and behavioural difficulties at 6.5 years with eating attitudes five years later. | 2014 | 25102171 |
| quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts. | experts have the superior cognitive capability of quickly understanding complex information in their domain; however, little is known about the neural processes underlying this ability. here, using a board game named shogi (japanese chess), we investigated the brain activity in expert players that was involved in their quick understanding of board-game patterns. the frontal area responded only to meaningful game positions, whereas the temporal area responded to both game and random positions wit ... | 2014 | 25081320 |
| local norms of cheating and the cultural evolution of crime and punishment: a study of two urban neighborhoods. | the prevalence of antisocial behavior varies across time and place. the likelihood of committing such behavior is affected by, and also affects, the local social environment. to further our understanding of this dynamic process, we conducted two studies of antisocial behavior, punishment, and social norms. these studies took place in two neighborhoods in newcastle upon tyne, england. according to a previous study, neighborhood a enjoys relatively low frequencies of antisocial behavior and crime ... | 2014 | 25071983 |
| the einstellung effect in anagram problem solving: evidence from eye movements. | the einstellung effect is the counterintuitive finding that prior experience or domain-specific knowledge can under some circumstances interfere with problem solving performance. this effect has been demonstrated in several domains of expertise including medicine and chess. in the present study we explored this effect in the context of a simplified anagram problem solving task. participants solved anagram problems while their eye movements were monitored. each problem consisted of six letters: a ... | 2014 | 25071650 |
| the architecture of the chess player's brain. | the game of chess can be seen as a typical example for an expertise task requiring domain-specific training and experience. despite intensive behavioural studies the neural underpinnings of chess performance and expertise are not entirely understood. a few functional neuroimaging studies have shown that expert chess players recruit different psychological functions and activate different brain areas while they are engaged in chess-related activities. based on this functional literature, we predi ... | 2014 | 25065494 |
| improving the apo-state detergent stability of nts1 with chess for pharmacological and structural studies. | the largest single class of drug targets is the g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family. modern high-throughput methods for drug discovery require working with pure protein, but this has been a challenge for gpcrs, and thus the success of screening campaigns targeting soluble, catalytic protein domains has not yet been realized for gpcrs. therefore, most gpcr drug screening has been cell-based, whereas the strategy of choice for drug discovery against soluble proteins is hts using purified prot ... | 2014 | 25064156 |
| do low-calorie drinks 'cheat' the enteral-brain axis? | the consumption of low-calorie beverages has increased worldwide, mainly because of their combination of sweet taste without adding significant calories to the diet. however, some epidemiological studies have linked the higher consumption of low-calorie beverages with increased body weight gain. | 2014 | 25023189 |
| immunomodulation in cancer. | we have to strengthen our 'chess-playing skills' when using immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer treatment: know the cancerous opponent, study its evolution and have an eye for its weaknesses. besides tumor cells, other pieces on the board are stromal cells, endothelial cells and different immune cells. some of these immune cells, like helper and cytotoxic t cells, natural killer (t) cells and mature dendritic cells are of help, others like regulatory t cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cel ... | 2014 | 25011112 |
| double meaning of courtship song in a moth. | males use courtship signals to inform a conspecific female of their presence and/or quality, or, alternatively, to 'cheat' females by imitating the cues of a prey or predator. these signals have the single function of advertising for mating. here, we show the dual functions of the courtship song in the yellow peach moth, conogethes punctiferalis, whose males generate a series of short pulses and a subsequent long pulse in a song bout. repulsive short pulses mimic the echolocation calls of sympat ... | 2014 | 25009064 |
| restricting range restricts conclusions. | 2014 | 24971068 | |
| developing the pediatric refractory epilepsy questionnaire: a pilot study. | up to 14% of children with epilepsy continue to experience seizures despite having appropriate medical therapy and develop medically refractory epilepsy (mre). assessing clinical outcomes and therapeutic efficacy in children with mre undergoing palliative epilepsy surgery has been challenging because of the lack of a quantitative instrument capable of estimating the clinical status of these patients. the ideal instrument would at once consider seizure control, neurodevelopment, caregiver burden, ... | 2014 | 24967697 |
| attitudes of student nurses enrolled in e-learning course towards academic dishonesty: a descriptive-exploratory study. | the author investigated attitudes of nursing students enrolled in e-learning towards academic dishonesty. the descriptive-exploratory design was used in the conduct of the study. respondents were randomly selected 36 junior and senior nursing students. it revealed that nursing students perceived as neutral (mean = 2.77, mean = 3.17) in taking responsibility for promoting academic integrity in e-learning. the paraphrasing a sentence from internet source without referencing it (38.89%) got the mos ... | 2014 | 24943522 |
| pattern recognition algorithm reveals how birds evolve individual egg pattern signatures. | pattern-based identity signatures are commonplace in the animal kingdom, but how they are recognized is poorly understood. here we develop a computer vision tool for analysing visual patterns, naturepatternmatch, which breaks new ground by mimicking visual and cognitive processes known to be involved in recognition tasks. we apply this tool to a long-standing question about the evolution of recognizable signatures. the common cuckoo (cuculus canorus) is a notorious cheat that sneaks its mimetic ... | 2014 | 24939367 |
| understanding beyond grasping propositions: a discussion of chess and fish. | in this paper, we argue that, contra strevens (2013), understanding in the sciences is sometimes partially constituted by the possession of abilities; hence, it is not (in such cases) exhausted by the understander's bearing a particular psychological or epistemic relationship to some set of structured propositions. specifically, the case will be made that one does not really understand why a modeled phenomenon occurred unless one has the ability to actually work through (meaning run and grasp at ... | 2014 | 25571746 |
| preliminary results from a crowdsourcing experiment in immunohistochemistry. | crowdsourcing, i.e., the outsourcing of tasks typically performed by a few experts to a large crowd as an open call, has been shown to be reasonably effective in many cases, like wikipedia, the chess match of kasparov against the world in 1999, and several others. the aim of the present paper is to describe the setup of an experimentation of crowdsourcing techniques applied to the quantification of immunohistochemistry. | 2014 | 25565010 |
| palm-vein classification based on principal orientation features. | personal recognition using palm-vein patterns has emerged as a promising alternative for human recognition because of its uniqueness, stability, live body identification, flexibility, and difficulty to cheat. with the expanding application of palm-vein pattern recognition, the corresponding growth of the database has resulted in a long response time. to shorten the response time of identification, this paper proposes a simple and useful classification for palm-vein identification based on princi ... | 2014 | 25383715 |
| life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity. | cooperation is central to the emergence of multicellular life; however, the means by which the earliest collectives (groups of cells) maintained integrity in the face of destructive cheating types is unclear. one idea posits cheats as a primitive germ line in a life cycle that facilitates collective reproduction. here we describe an experiment in which simple cooperating lineages of bacteria were propagated under a selective regime that rewarded collective-level persistence. collectives reproduc ... | 2014 | 25373677 |
| metacognition and action: a new pathway to understanding social and cognitive aspects of expertise in sport. | for over a century, psychologists have investigated the mental processes of expert performers - people who display exceptional knowledge and/or skills in specific fields of human achievement. since the 1960s, expertise researchers have made considerable progress in understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie such exceptional performance. whereas the first modern studies of expertise were conducted in relatively formal knowledge domains such as chess, more recent investigation ... | 2014 | 25360126 |
| decision making in kidney paired donation programs with altruistic donors. | in recent years, kidney paired donation (kpd) has been extended to include living non-directed or altruistic donors, in which an altruistic donor donates to the candidate of an incompatible donor-candidate pair with the understanding that the donor in that pair will further donate to the candidate of a second pair, and so on; such a process continues and thus forms an altruistic donor-initiated chain. in this paper, we propose a novel strategy to sequentially allocate the altruistic donor (or br ... | 2014 | 25309603 |
| a cheat sheet to navigate the complex maze of exclusivities in the united states. | 2014 | 25291306 | |
| why internet-based education? | this essay illustrates five ways that internet-based higher education can capitalize on fundamental principles of learning. internet-based education can enable better mastery through distributed (shorter, more frequent) practice rather than massed (longer, less frequent) practice; it can optimize performance because it allows students to learn at their peak time of their day; it can deepen memory because it requires cheat-proof assignments and tests; it can promote critical thinking because it n ... | 2014 | 25653625 |
| learning by playing: video gaming in education-a cheat sheet for games for health designers. | 2014 | 26192487 | |
| an experimental test of whether cheating is context dependent. | microbial cells rely on cooperative behaviours that can breakdown as a result of exploitation by cheats. recent work on cheating in microbes, however, has produced examples of populations benefiting from the presence of cheats and/or cooperative behaviours being maintained despite the presence of cheats. these observations have been presented as evidence for selection favouring cheating at the population level. this apparent contradiction arises when cheating is defined simply by the reduced exp ... | 2014 | 24480013 |
| extracurricular interest as a resilience building block for children affected by parental hiv/aids. | parental illness and death due to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) impose challenges to children's psychological adjustment. positive psychology emphasizes individual's resilience in the face of adversity, trauma, and tragedy. limited data are available regarding the factors that can cultivate resilience of children affected by hiv/aids. this study aims to examine the role of extracurricular interest in strengthening resilience among children affected by ... | 2014 | 24107136 |
| cooperation, quorum sensing, and evolution of virulence in staphylococcus aureus. | the virulence and fitness in vivo of the major human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are associated with a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism known as quorum sensing (qs). qs coordinates the production of virulence factors via the production and sensing of autoinducing peptide (aip) signal molecules by the agr locus. here we show, in a wax moth larva virulence model, that (i) qs in s. aureus is a cooperative social trait that provides a benefit to the local population of cells, (ii) agr mutants, wh ... | 2014 | 24343650 |
| uranium perturbs signaling and iron uptake response in arabidopsis thaliana roots. | uranium is a natural element which is mainly redistributed in the environment due to human activity, including accidents and spillages. plants may be useful in cleaning up after incidents, although little is yet known about the relationship between metal speciation and plant response. here, j-chess modeling was used to predict u speciation and exposure conditions affecting u bioavailability for plants. the model was confirmed by exposing arabidopsis thaliana plants to u under hydroponic conditio ... | 2014 | 24549117 |
| [use of visual evoked potentials in neurology--a review. i]. | in 1972, halliday and co-workers [13] inaugurated the rotary mirror method for producing the visually evoked potential (vep) by means of pattern reversal. the so-called pattern reversal vep (prvep) is at present frequently obtained by means of a television monitor (tv stimulation) or light-emitting diode system (led system). independent of its special advantages and disadvantages, the stimulation by means of these systems as compared to the simple flash stimulation potentials seems to evoke with ... | 2014 | 4013563 |
| roundtable: what is temperament? four approaches. | 4 current approaches to understanding temperament are discussed in the roundtable. in an introductory overview, goldsmith outlines some of the major convergences and divergences in the understanding of this concept. theorists representing 4 positions--goldsmith, buss and plomin, rothbart, and thomas and chess--outline their views by responding to each of 6 questions: how do you define temperament and explain the boundaries of the concept? what are the elements of temperatment? how does the const ... | 2013 | 3829791 |
| biodegradation of ivory (natural apatite): possible involvement of fungal activity in biodeterioration of the lewis chessmen. | fungal biodeterioration of ivory was investigated with in vitro inoculation of samples obtained from boar and walrus tusks with the fungi aspergillus niger and serpula himantioides, species of known geoactive abilities. a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy together with associated analytical techniques was used to characterize fungal interactions with the ivory, including changes in ivory composition, dissolution and tunnelling, and the formation of new biominerals. the resear ... | 2013 | 23157656 |
| efficient universal blind quantum computation. | we give a cheat sensitive protocol for blind universal quantum computation that is efficient in terms of computational and communication resources: it allows one party to perform an arbitrary computation on a second party's quantum computer without revealing either which computation is performed, or its input and output. the first party's computational capabilities can be extremely limited: she must only be able to create and measure single-qubit superposition states. the second party is not req ... | 2013 | 24476238 |
| study of change in brain activity due to blood flow while playing shogi (japanese chess). | the study of brain activity has been studied with the use of various techniques like electroencephalography (eeg), magnetic resonance imaging (mri), positron emission topography (pet) and magneto-encephalography (meg). these techniques are unsuitable because of restriction of moving of subject's body while playing "shogi (japanese chess)" matching however, optical topography (ot) is possible to measure. therefore, brain activity is here studied with use of ot. | 2013 | 20552948 |
| move-by-move dynamics of the advantage in chess matches reveals population-level learning of the game. | the complexity of chess matches has attracted broad interest since its invention. this complexity and the availability of large number of recorded matches make chess an ideal model systems for the study of population-level learning of a complex system. we systematically investigate the move-by-move dynamics of the white player's advantage from over seventy thousand high level chess matches spanning over 150 years. we find that the average advantage of the white player is positive and that it has ... | 2013 | 23382876 |
| an ehealth system supporting palliative care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. | in this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of an online support system (comprehensive health enhancement support system [chess]) versus the internet in relieving physical symptom distress in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc). | 2013 | 23355273 |
| academic disintegrity among medical students: a randomised response technique study. | medical students, as tomorrow's doctors, are responsible for their patients' health; cheating may affect their academic knowledge and clinical skills. the main purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of and attitudes towards academic disintegrity among medical students at tehran university of medical sciences (tums). | 2013 | 23323653 |
| practice other than playing games apparently has only a modest role in the development of chess expertise. | evidence that chess expertise rests on practice alone mostly comes from studies using a correlational retrospective recall paradigm, which confounds amount of study with number of games played and possible innate talent. researchers also often use latest performance rating and include participants who play and study little. study 1 partially replicated such studies with improvements such as use of peak rating and a large, skilled sample. number of internationally-rated games played was the stron ... | 2013 | 23320441 |
| visual search in ecological and non-ecological displays: evidence for a non-monotonic effect of complexity on performance. | considerable research has been carried out on visual search, with single or multiple targets. however, most studies have used artificial stimuli with low ecological validity. in addition, little is known about the effects of target complexity and expertise in visual search. here, we investigate visual search in three conditions of complexity (detecting a king, detecting a check, and detecting a checkmate) with chess players of two levels of expertise (novices and club players). results show that ... | 2013 | 23320084 |
| self-serving altruism? the lure of unethical actions that benefit others. | in three experiments, we propose and find that individuals cheat more when others can benefit from their cheating and when the number of beneficiaries of wrongdoing increases. our results indicate that people use moral flexibility to justify their self-interested actions when such actions benefit others in addition to the self. namely, our findings suggest that when people's dishonesty would benefit others, they are more likely to view dishonesty as morally acceptable and thus feel less guilty a ... | 2013 | 24273360 |
| the effects of participation in leisure activities on neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. | people with cognitive impairment have been shown to engage in few structured activities. during periods of unoccupied time or boredom, these patients most likely manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms. | 2013 | 23411009 |
| accuracy and consensus in judgments of trustworthiness from faces: behavioral and neural correlates. | perceivers' inferences about individuals based on their faces often show high interrater consensus and can even accurately predict behavior in some domains. here we investigated the consensus and accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness. in study 1, we showed that the type of photo judged makes a significant difference for whether an individual is judged as trustworthy. in study 2, we found that inferences of trustworthiness made from the faces of corporate criminals did not differ from inferenc ... | 2013 | 23276271 |
| predictors of online health information seeking among women with breast cancer: the role of social support perception and emotional well-being. | this study attempts to examine the role of social support perception and emotional well-being on online information seeking among cancer patients within the context of chess, a well-established interactive cancer communication system (iccs). factor and regression analyses conducted among 231 breast cancer patients revealed that social support perception and emotional well-being interacted with each other to influence online health information seeking. patients with low social support perception ... | 2013 | 24634575 |
| mutations to the pirna pathway component aubergine enhance meiotic drive of segregation distorter in drosophila melanogaster. | diploid sexual reproduction involves segregation of allelic pairs, ensuring equal representation of genotypes in the gamete pool. some genes, however, are able to "cheat" the system by promoting their own transmission. the segregation distorter (sd) locus in drosophila melanogaster males is one of the best-studied examples of this type of phenomenon. in this system the presence of sd on one copy of chromosome 2 results in dysfunction of the non-sd-bearing (sd(+)) sperm and almost exclusive trans ... | 2013 | 23267055 |
| pairing context determines condition-dependence of song rate in a monogamous passerine bird. | condition-dependence of male ornaments is thought to provide honest signals on which females can base their sexual choice for genetic quality. recent studies show that condition-dependence patterns can vary within populations. although long-term association is thought to promote honest signalling, no study has explored the influence of pairing context on the condition-dependence of male ornaments. in this study, we assessed the influence of natural variation in body condition on song rate in zeb ... | 2013 | 23256191 |
| you can't beat experience, but you can cheat it. | 2013 | 23218884 | |
| enhanced fat suppression technique for breast imaging. | to evaluate a new fat suppression technique using multiple fat suppression pulses intended for breast dynamic contrast-enhanced (dce) imaging using segmented three-dimensional fast field echo (ffe). | 2013 | 23172831 |
| magnetization exchange observed in human skeletal muscle by non-water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | many metabolites in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum undergo magnetization exchange with water, such as those in the downfield region (6.0-8.5 ppm) and the upfield peaks of creatine, which can be measured to reveal additional information about the molecular environment. in addition, these resonances are attenuated by conventional water suppression techniques complicating detection and quantification. to characterize these metabolites in human skeletal muscle in vivo at 3 t, metabolite cycl ... | 2013 | 23172828 |
| power and temptation cause shifts between exploitation and cooperation in a cleaner wrasse mutualism. | in many instances of cooperation, only one individual has both the potential and the incentive to 'cheat' and exploit its partner. under these asymmetric conditions, a simple model predicts that variation in the temptation to cheat and in the potential victim's capacity for partner control leads to shifts between exploitation and cooperation. here, we show that the threat of early termination of an interaction was sufficient to induce cleaner wrasse labroides dimidiatus to feed selectively again ... | 2013 | 23615288 |
| there's no single endgame. | 'endgame' is a term from chess, a complex game with a simple objective: to checkmate the king. tobacco control is not so simple. we do not have one uniform agreed objective but a multiplicity of goals some of which may be incompatible. we are not playing a global game of chess, but a multiplicity of battles and skirmishes played out with different rules and on different terrains. this paper examines these issues and goes on to summarise the situation in england and what the endgame will mean in ... | 2013 | 23591506 |
| vividness of the future self predicts delinquency. | the tendency to live in the here and now, and the failure to think through the delayed consequences of behavior, is one of the strongest individual-level correlates of delinquency. we tested the hypothesis that this correlation results from a limited ability to imagine one's self in the future, which leads to opting for immediate gratification. strengthening the vividness of the future self should therefore reduce involvement in delinquency. we tested and found support for this hypothesis in two ... | 2013 | 23592649 |
| microbial genomes as cheat sheets. | 2013 | 23563106 | |
| meta-analysis of age and skill effects on recalling chess positions and selecting the best move. | a meta-analysis was conducted of studies that measured the effects of both age and skill in chess on the tasks of selecting the best move for chess positions (the best move task) as well as recalling chess game positions (the recall task). despite a small sample of studies, we demonstrated that there are age and skill effects on both tasks: age being negatively associated with performance on both tasks and skill being positively associated with performance on both tasks. on the best move task, w ... | 2013 | 23508364 |
| intertemporal bargaining predicts moral behavior, even in anonymous, one-shot economic games. | to the extent that acting fairly is in an individual’s long-term interest, short-term impulses to cheat present a self-control problem. the only effective solution is to interpret the problem as a variant of repeated prisoner’s dilemma, with each choice as a test case predicting future choices. moral choice appears to be the product of a contract because it comes from self-enforcing intertemporal cooperation. | 2013 | 23445575 |
| the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the einstellung effect in chess: evidence from eye movements. | in a wide range of problem-solving settings, the presence of a familiar solution can block the discovery of better solutions (i.e., the einstellung effect). to investigate this effect, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players while they solved chess problems that contained a familiar move (i.e., the einstellung move), as well as an optimal move that was located in a different region of the board. when the einstellung move was an advantageous (but suboptimal) move, both t ... | 2013 | 24124515 |
| exploring the brains of baduk (go) experts: gray matter morphometry, resting-state functional connectivity, and graph theoretical analysis. | one major characteristic of experts is intuitive judgment, which is an automatic process whereby patterns stored in memory through long-term training are recognized. indeed, long-term training may influence brain structure and function. a recent study revealed that chess experts at rest showed differences in structure and functional connectivity (fc) in the head of caudate, which is associated with rapid best next-move generation. however, less is known about the structure and function of the br ... | 2013 | 24106471 |
| possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: pet-fmri study. | to investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional mri studies were performed. we used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. experimental task simulated the "cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims. results of both the pet and the fmri studies revealed that execution of both deliberately deceptive and ... | 2013 | 24100194 |
| effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator. | mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional mri. graph-based mapping of effective conne ... | 2013 | 24086291 |
| the ergonomics of dishonesty: the effect of incidental posture on stealing, cheating, and traffic violations. | research in environmental sciences has found that the ergonomic design of human-made environments influences thought, feeling, and action. in the research reported here, we examined the impact of physical environments on dishonest behavior. in four studies, we tested whether certain bodily configurations-or postures-incidentally imposed by the environment led to increases in dishonest behavior. the first three experiments showed that individuals who assumed expansive postures (either consciously ... | 2013 | 24068113 |
| a prototype direct-detection ccd for protein crystallography. | the fabrication and testing of a prototype deep-depletion direct-conversion x-ray ccd detector are described. the device is fabricated on 600 µm-thick high-resistivity silicon, with 24 × 24 µm pixels in a 4k × 4k pixel format. calibration measurements and the results of initial protein crystallography experiments at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) f1 beamline are described, as well as suggested improvements for future versions of the detector. | 2013 | 24046505 |
| effect of exercising while fasting on eating behaviors and food intake. | alternate day fasting combined with exercise is effective for weight loss. | 2013 | 24176020 |
| case study in psychobiographical ethics. | this article addresses ethical issues relative to the conduct and reporting of psychobiographical research. the author's recent psychobiographical study of world chess champion bobby fischer (1943-2008) is used to illustrate particular ethical challenges and responses in six areas: (1) institutional review board (irb) evaluation and informed consent; (2) balancing objective research with respect for psychobiographical subject; (3) inviting subject or next-of-kin to read and comment on working dr ... | 2013 | 24169418 |
| bird brood parasitism. | for many animals, the effort to rear their young is considerable. in birds, this often includes building nests, incubating eggs, feeding the chicks, and protecting them from predators. perhaps for this reason, about 1% of birds (around 100 species) save themselves the effort and cheat instead. they are obligate brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species and leaving the hosts or foster parents to rear the foreign chicks for them. some birds also cheat on individuals of the s ... | 2013 | 24156805 |
| the impact of dopamine on aggression: an [18f]-fdopa pet study in healthy males. | cerebral dopamine (da) transmission is thought to be an important modulator for the development and occurrence of aggressive behavior. however, the link between aggression and da transmission in humans has not been investigated using molecular imaging and standardized behavioral tasks. we investigated aggression as a function of da transmission in a group of (n = 21) healthy male volunteers undergoing 6-[18f]-fluoro-l-dopa (fdopa)-positron emission tomography (pet) and a modified version of the ... | 2013 | 24155295 |
| efficacy of the core dna barcodes in identifying processed and poorly conserved plant materials commonly used in south african traditional medicine. | medicinal plants cover a broad range of taxa, which may be phylogenetically less related but morphologically very similar. such morphological similarity between species may lead to misidentification and inappropriate use. also the substitution of a medicinal plant by a cheaper alternative (e.g. other non-medicinal plant species), either due to misidentification, or deliberately to cheat consumers, is an issue of growing concern. in this study, we used dna barcoding to identify commonly used medi ... | 2013 | 24453559 |
| the temporo-parietal junction contributes to global gestalt perception-evidence from studies in chess experts. | in a recent neuroimaging study the comparison of intact vs. disturbed perception of global gestalt indicated a significant role of the temporo-parietal junction (tpj) in the intact perception of global gestalt (huberle and karnath, 2012). this location corresponded well with the areas known to be damaged or impaired in patients with simultanagnosia after stroke or due to neurodegenerative diseases. it was concluded that the tpj plays an important role in the integration of individual items to a ... | 2013 | 24009574 |
| the cheater's high: the unexpected affective benefits of unethical behavior. | many theories of moral behavior assume that unethical behavior triggers negative affect. in this article, we challenge this assumption and demonstrate that unethical behavior can trigger positive affect, which we term a "cheater's high." across 6 studies, we find that even though individuals predict they will feel guilty and have increased levels of negative affect after engaging in unethical behavior (studies 1a and 1b), individuals who cheat on different problem-solving tasks consistently expe ... | 2013 | 24000799 |
| frequency-selective fat suppression radiofrequency pulse train to remove olefinic fats. | chess pulse can suppress the signal originating from aliphatic fat protons but cannot suppress the signal from olefinic fat protons, which is near the resonance frequency of water protons. adipose tissue contains various fat species; aliphatic fat comprises about 90 % and olefinic fat about 10 % of adipose tissue. thus, chess pulse cannot be used to suppress the signal from adipose tissue completely. the purpose of this study was to find a method to suppress the signal from adipose tissue comple ... | 2013 | 23990698 |
| dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast brazil. | maternal reactions to infant death in northeast brazil have been at the epicenter of anthropological debate since the 1980s. this ethnographic study of 45 death narratives by bereaved mothers collected from 1979-1989 in pacatuba, ceará, brazil, refutes existing claims of mothers' "selective neglect" and "indifference" towards sick babies and emotionally empty grief response. i argue that through dead-baby dreams--and their imaginary transfiguration-grieving mothers alleviate infant death trauma. ... | 2013 | 23988325 |
| effects of intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and episodic hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized double-blind study. | episodic hepatic encephalopathy is frequently precipitated by factors that induce circulatory dysfunction, cause oxidative stress-mediated damage or enhance astrocyte swelling. the administration of albumin could modify these factors and improve the outcome of hepatic encephalopathy. the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of albumin in a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov number, nct00886925). | 2013 | 23872605 |
| erp to chess stimuli reveal expert-novice differences in the amplitudes of n2 and p3 components. | erp experiments were conducted to analyze the underlying neural events when chess players make simple judgments of a board position. fourteen expert players and 14 age-matched novices viewed, for each of four tasks, 128 unique positions on a mini (4 × 4) chess board each presented for 0.5 s. the tasks were to respond: (a) if white king was in check, (b) if black knight was present, (c) if white king was not in check, and (d) if no black knight was present. experts showed an enhanced n2 with chec ... | 2013 | 23837745 |
| indelible distrust: memory bias toward cheaters revealed as high persistence against extinction. | our ability to learn about the reputations of others-that is, who is likely to cooperate versus cheat-contributes greatly to cooperativeness in society. there has been recent debate whether humans employ memory bias favoring cheaters (i.e., there is an evolved module for the detection of cheaters) or whether no such bias exists (i.e., reputation learning is flexibly modulated by contextual factors). we report 3 experiments that address this issue by comparing persistence against extinction-which ... | 2013 | 23773183 |
| reverse deterrence in racial profiling: increased transgressions by nonprofiled whites. | a controlled experiment tested the possibility that racial profiling-disproportionate scrutiny of a minority racial group by sanctioned authorities-would have a "reverse deterrent" effect on the illicit behavior of members of a nonprofiled majority group. research participants given a task involving extremely difficult anagrams were given the opportunity to cheat. white participants randomly assigned to a condition in which two black confederates were obtrusively singled out for scrutiny by the ... | 2013 | 23772918 |
| evolutionary stability and resistance to cheating in an indirect reciprocity model based on reputation. | indirect reciprocity is one of the main mechanisms to explain the emergence and sustainment of altruism in societies. the standard approach to indirect reciprocity is reputation models. these are games in which players base their decisions on their opponent's reputation gained in past interactions with other players (moral assessment). the combination of actions and moral assessment leads to a large diversity of strategies; thus determining the stability of any of them against invasions by all t ... | 2013 | 23767587 |
| lingering fat signals with chess in simultaneous imaging of both hands can be improved with rice pads in both 1.5t and 3.0t. | to investigate whether rice pads can eliminate lingering fat signals of the complex surface shape of both hands that occur with chemical shift selective (chess) at 1.5t and 3.0t. | 2013 | 23743055 |
| unraveling the soul of autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment adding dowels to the puzzle. | the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ads) is characterized by a complex interaction between genetic, immune defects, environmental and hormonal factors. the concept of "mosaic of autoimmunity" deals with the multi-factorial origin and diversity of expression of ads in humans. genetic leads to a predisposition in developing an autoimmune syndrome, but the presence of an external or endogenous environmental factor, recently called "exposome," is essential in triggering the immune response. inf ... | 2013 | 23733136 |
| differentiation of chinese liquors by using ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry. | chinese liquors are often a very important part of social event in china. driven by high profit, some illegal traders often use inferior liquors instead of the products with high quality to cheat the customer. therefore, it is highly required to authenticate chinese liquors. in this paper a novel method based on ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry has been developed to differentiate chinese liquors. volatile components from liquor samples were ionized by the plasma generated by g ... | 2013 | 23689281 |
| the effect of whole body vibration exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis: a pilot efficacy trial. | to examine the effects of whole body vibration (wbv) exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). non-randomised controlled cross-over trial. | 2013 | 23671546 |
| differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis. | hyponatremia (hn) and hepatic encephalopathy (he) together can impair health-related quality of life (hrqol) and cognition in cirrhosis. we aimed at studying the effect of hyponatremia on cognition, hrqol, and brain mr spectroscopy (mrs) independent of he. | 2013 | 23665182 |
| [collaboration between knmvd and the hague. it is playing chess on several boards at once]. | 2013 | 23638551 | |
| expertise and processing distorted structure in chess. | a classic finding in research on human expertise and knowledge is that of enhanced memory for stimuli in a domain of expertise as compared to either stimuli outside that domain, or within-domain stimuli that have been degraded or distorted in some way. however, we do not understand how experts process degradation or distortion of stimuli within the expert domain (e.g., a face with the eyes, nose, and mouth in the wrong positions, or a chessboard with pieces placed randomly). focusing on the doma ... | 2013 | 24348371 |
| cortical and hippocampal correlates of deliberation during model-based decisions for rewards in humans. | how do we use our memories of the past to guide decisions we've never had to make before? although extensive work describes how the brain learns to repeat rewarded actions, decisions can also be influenced by associations between stimuli or events not directly involving reward - such as when planning routes using a cognitive map or chess moves using predicted countermoves - and these sorts of associations are critical when deciding among novel options. this process is known as model-based decisi ... | 2013 | 24339770 |
| muscle nuclei remember to cheat death. | 2013 | 24339150 | |
| the symmetry of self mutilation and the chess board pattern. | 2013 | 22528020 | |
| out of mind, out of heart: attention affects duration of emotional experience. | it has been suggested that the extent to which a person maintains attention to pleasant versus unpleasant aspects of a given stimulus has an effect on the self-reported affective state. this assumption was empirically tested in two experiments. in study 1, participants received the instruction either to focus on a positive emotion-eliciting event (winning a tournament chess game) or to focus their attention on an affectively neutral distraction task (describing drawings). study 2 used negative p ... | 2013 | 22963519 |
| cytokine-based therapy in psoriasis. | psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, affecting 2-3% of the world population. initially, psoriasis was thought to be a hyper-proliferation disorder of keratinocytes only, but as time passed, the role of immune system became more evident and now both diseases are considered autoimmune disorders. in last few years, the discovery of interleukin (il)-23/th17 axis in pathophysiology of psoriatic diseases shifts the cytokine paradigm from th1 to th17 ... | 2013 | 22426927 |
| when cheating would make you a cheater: implicating the self prevents unethical behavior. | in 3 experiments using 2 different paradigms, people were less likely to cheat for personal gain when a subtle change in phrasing framed such behavior as diagnostic of an undesirable identity. participants were given the opportunity to claim money they were not entitled to at the experimenters' expense; instructions referred to cheating with either language that was designed to highlight the implications of cheating for the actor's identity (e.g., "please don't be a cheater") or language that fo ... | 2013 | 23127418 |
| predictors of the change in the expression of emotional support within an online breast cancer support group: a longitudinal study. | to explore how the expression of emotional support in an online breast cancer support group changes over time, and what factors predict this pattern of change. | 2013 | 23122429 |
| iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) of the wrist and finger at 3t: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression images. | to compare fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) quality using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) with that using chemical shift selective fat-suppressed t1-weighted spin-echo (chess) images for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (ra) lesions of the hand and finger at 3t. | 2013 | 22911970 |
| [a controlled double-blind study of tetrabamate versus lorazepam and placebo in generalized anxiety]. | the anxiolytic efficacy of tetrabamate was evaluated in a multicentric double-blind study versus lorazepam and placebo, in 269 patients with a generalized anxiety disorder according to dsm iii-r criteria. the anxiolytic activity of tetrabamate (at 900 mg/day) was significantly superior than that of placebo from day 7 of treatment and equivalent to lorazepam efficacy (at 4.5 mg/day). in the tetrabamate group, 55.3% were considered as "good responders" (as defined by a hars score reduction equal o ... | 2013 | 1959498 |
| silicone-fat differentiation in the breast: exploiting the bright-fat phenomenon in fast spin-echo mr imaging. | selective suppression of silicone or fat with chemical shift-selective (chess) pulses is difficult because of the small chemical shift difference between the primary lipid signal and the primary silicone signal at 1.5 t. differentiation of these chemically distinct species is, however, an important clinical task in assessing implant rupture and silicone migration in breast tissue. a method uniquely suited for silicone-fat differentiation with fast spin-echo (fse) sequences is reported. it is bas ... | 2013 | 7865948 |
| [anxiolytic efficacy and tolerance of tetrabamate in anxious patients abusing alcohol. multicenter double-blind versus placebo study]. | the anxiolytic efficacy of tetrabamate was evaluated in 68 out-patients presenting an anxiety state with alcohol abuse according to dsm iii criteria. the study followed a double-blind placebo-controlled design with parallel groups and lasted for 21 days. anxiety was evaluated by the hamilton anxiety scale, norris visual analog scales, and the hopkins symptom check list, along with the investigator's assessment. safety was evaluated in terms of somatic symptoms (chess 84) and the physician's over ... | 2013 | 3545785 |
| in sport, are good genes just another cheat? | 2012 | 15460617 | |
| temperament: then and now. | one of many publications emanating from the new york longitudinal study (nyls), the prospective study of stella chess, alexander thomas, and mahin hassibi of six cases of depression during childhood and adolescence, which appeared in the journal of nervous and mental disease in 1983, provides an opportunity to reflect on the climate in which the nyls was conceived and conducted. its methodology is reviewed, and principle findings are summarized. in the more than 50 years since the inception of t ... | 2012 | 22850299 |
| simulating multiple character interactions with collaborative and adversarial goals. | this paper proposes a new methodology for synthesizing animations of multiple characters, allowing them to intelligently compete with one another in dense environments, while still satisfying requirements set by an animator. to achieve these two conflicting objectives simultaneously, our method separately evaluates the competition and collaboration of the interactions, integrating the scores to select an action that maximizes both criteria. we extend the idea of min-max search, normally used for ... | 2012 | 22844676 |
| allergen of the month--downy chess. | 2012 | 22840262 | |
| frontal lobe function in chess players. | chess is considered as a cognitive game because of severe engagement of the mental resources during playing. the purpose of this study is evaluation of frontal lobe function of chess players with matched non-players. wisconsin card sorting test (wcst) data showed no difference between the player and non-player groups in preservation error and completed categories but surprisingly showed significantly lower grade of the player group in correct response. our data reveal that chess players don't ha ... | 2012 | 22837083 |
| the effects of combining web-based ehealth with telephone nurse case management for pediatric asthma control: a randomized controlled trial. | asthma is the most common pediatric illness in the united states, burdening low-income and minority families disproportionately and contributing to high health care costs. clinic-based asthma education and telephone case management have had mixed results on asthma control, as have ehealth programs and online games. | 2012 | 22835804 |
| the clever strategy of a tiny crustacean eye early in the evolution of vision. | henningsmoenicaris scutula (walossek and müller, 1990) (fig. 1) is a tiny representative of crustacea, systematically standing close to the stemline. it is found in stinkstone ('orsten') nodules from the alum shale, where a rich fauna of small organisms is excellently preserved. three dimensional morphology is retained by phosphatisation, which exhibits the finest details, such as cuticular structures, fine appendages and especially the morphology of the compound eyes. the stalked eyes of h. scu ... | 2012 | 22808326 |
| the benefits of chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment in schoolchildren. | this paper examines the benefits of regularly playing chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment of a group of 170 schoolchildren from 6-16 years old. it is based on a quasi-experimental design, where the independent variable was the extracurricular activity of chess (n = 170) versus extracurricular activities of soccer or basketball (n = 60). the dependent variable was intellectual and socio-affective competence, which was measured by an iq test (wisc-r), a self-report test (tam ... | 2012 | 22774429 |
| it pays to cheat: tactical deception in a cephalopod social signalling system. | signals in intraspecific communication should be inherently honest; otherwise the system is prone to collapse. theory predicts, however, that honest signalling systems are susceptible to invasion by cheats, the extent of which is largely mediated by fear of reprisal. cuttlefish facultatively change their shape and colour, an ability that evolved to avoid predators and capture prey. here, we show that this ability is tactically employed by male mourning cuttlefish (sepia plangon) to mislead consp ... | 2012 | 22764112 |
| combination of chemical suppression techniques for dual suppression of fat and silicone at diffusion-weighted mr imaging in women with breast implants. | silicone breast prostheses prove technically challenging when performing diffusion-weighted mr imaging in the breasts. we describe a combined fat and chemical suppression scheme to achieve dual suppression of fat and silicone, thereby improving the quality of diffusion-weighted images in women with breast implants. | 2012 | 22706913 |