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sequencing wild and cultivated cassava and related species reveals extensive interspecific hybridization and genetic diversity.cassava (manihot esculenta) provides calories and nutrition for more than half a billion people. it was domesticated by native amazonian peoples through cultivation of the wild progenitor m. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and is now grown in tropical regions worldwide. here we provide a high-quality genome assembly for cassava with improved contiguity, linkage, and completeness; almost 97% of genes are anchored to chromosomes. we find that paleotetraploidy in cassava is shared with the related rub ...201627088722
preparation of gasification feedstock from leafy biomass.dried leaves are a potential source of energy although these are not commonly used beside to satisfy daily energy demands in rural areas. this paper aims at preparing a leafy biomass feedstock in the form of briquettes which can be directly used for combustion or to extract the combustible gas using a gasifier. teak (tectona grandis) and rubber (hevea brasiliensis) leaves are considered for the present study. a binder-assisted briquetting technique with tapioca starch as binder is adopted. prope ...201626289326
metabolite profiling of dioscorea (yam) species reveals underutilised biodiversity and renewable sources for high-value compounds.yams (dioscorea spp.) are a multispecies crop with production in over 50 countries generating ~50 mt of edible tubers annually. the long-term storage potential of these tubers is vital for food security in developing countries. furthermore, many species are important sources of pharmaceutical precursors. despite these attributes as staple food crops and sources of high-value chemicals, dioscorea spp. remain largely neglected in comparison to other staple tuber crops of tropical agricultural syst ...201627385275
fundamental study on the impact of gluten-free starches on the quality of gluten-free model breads.starch is widely used as an ingredient and significantly contributes to texture, appearance, and overall acceptability of cereal based foods, playing an important role due to its ability to form a matrix, entrapping air bubbles. a detailed characterisation of five gluten-free starches (corn, wheat, rice, tapioca, potato) was performed in this study. in addition, the influence of these starches, with different compositional and morphological properties, was evaluated on a simple gluten-free model ...201628231125
motor impairments induced by microinjection of linamarin in the dorsal hippocampus of wistar rats.cassava, also known as yuca or manioc (manihot esculenta crantz), is a staple food in tropical and subtropical regions since it is an important source of carbohydrates. nevertheless, it contains cyanogenic compounds including lotaustralin and linamarin, which have been shown by experimental models to affect brain structures such as the thalamus, the piriform cortex, the hippocampus, and others. these findings may explain the presence of such neurological diseases as konzo and tropical ataxic neu ...201625524044
risk assessment of gene flow from genetically engineered virus resistant cassava to wild relatives in africa: an expert panel report.the probability and consequences of gene flow to wild relatives is typically considered in the environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered crops. this is a report from a discussion by a group of experts who used a problem formulation approach to consider existing information for risk assessment of gene flow from cassava (manihot esculenta) genetically engineered for virus resistance to the 'wild' (naturalized) relative m. glaziovii in east africa. two environmental harms were conside ...201626667472
the role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration.this study aimed to investigate the role of ascorbate peroxidase (apx), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx), polysaccharides, and protein contents associated with the early events of postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) in cassava roots. increases in apx and gpx activity, as well as total protein contents occurred from 3 to 5 days of storage and were correlated with the delay of ppd. cassava samples stained with periodic acid-schiff (pas) highlighted the presence of starch and cellulose. degradat ...201626617011
physicochemical properties and responses in microcirculation of native tapioca starch-based plasma expander.plasma expanders (pes) such as hydroxyethyl strach are widely used for volume replacement. the plantation and production of tapioca in thailand is abundant which may provide a new source for pes starch with novel properties. this work investigated the properties and circulatory effects of native tapioca starch-based pe (tpe). various formulations of mixture between native tapioca starch and 0.9% sodium chloride solution were prepared and characterized in order to obtain the proper physicochemica ...201625892486
production of a protein-rich extruded snack base using tapioca starch, sorghum flour and casein.a protein-rich puffed snack was produced using a twin screw extruder and the effects of varying levels of tapioca starch (11 to 40 parts), rennet casein (6 to 20 parts) and sorghum flour (25 to 75 parts) on physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of the product studied. an increasing level of sorghum flour resulted in a decreasing whiteness (hunter l* value) of the snack. although the starch also generally tended to make the product increasingly darker, both starch and casein showed r ...201626787933
inversion induced manihot esculenta stem tubers express key tuberization genes; mec1, rzf, susy1 and pin2.cassava (m. esculenta) gives rise to unique underground stem tubers when stem cuttings are planted in an inverted orientation. the nutritional profile of the stem and root tubers were similar except for protein content which was higher in stem than in root tubers. rt-pcr revealed that several key genes (mec1, rzf, susy1 and pin2) involved in root tuberization were also expressed in these stem tubers. at five weeks post planting, these genes were expressed in roots and underground stems as in the ...201626785907
cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and yam (dioscorea spp.) crops and their derived foodstuffs: safety, security and nutritional value.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and yam (dioscorea spp.) are tropical crops consumed by ca. 2 billion people and represent the main source of carbohydrate and energy for the approximately 700 million people living in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. they are a guarantee of food security for developing countries. the production of these crops and the transformation into food-derived commodities is increasing, it represents a profitable business and farmers generate substantial income from ...201626165549
tapioca starch blended alginate mucoadhesive-floating beads for intragastric delivery of metoprolol tartrate.the objective of the study was to develop tapioca starch blended alginate mucoadhesive-floating beads for the intragastric delivery of metoprolol tartrate (mt). the beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as crosslinker and gas forming calcium carbonate (caco3) as floating inducer. the alginate gel beads having 51-58% entrapped mt showed 90% release within 45 min in gastric medium (ph 1.2). tapioca starch blending markedly improved the entrapment efficiency (88%) ...201626592698
cassava root membrane proteome reveals activities during storage root maturation.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important crops of thailand. its storage roots are used as food, feed, starch production, and be the important source for biofuel and biodegradable plastic production. despite the importance of cassava storage roots, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their formation. this present study has focused on comparison of the expression profiles of cassava root proteome at various developmental stages using two-dimensional gel electrop ...201626547558
characterisation, in vitro digestibility and expected glycemic index of commercial starches as uncooked ingredients.in this study native starches as ingredients (corn, rice, wheat, tapioca and potato) were characterized for microstructure, physicochemical, functional and thermal properties, in vitro digestibility and glycemic index. there was a significant variation in the granule shape and size distribution of the starches. particle size monomodal (corn, tapioca, potato) and bimodal (rice, wheat) distribution was observed amongst the starches. the potato starch showed the biggest size granules while the rice ...201628115752
high-resolution identification and abundance profiling of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) micrornas.small rnas (srnas) are endogenous srnas that play regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. in plants, one subset of srnas, micrornas (mirnas) exhibit tissue-differential expression and regulate gene expression mainly through direct cleavage of mrna or indirectly via production of secondary phased sirnas (phasirnas) that silence cognate target transcripts in trans.201626822616
unveiling the micronome of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).micrornas (mirnas) are an important class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded small rnas (21-24 nt in length), which serve as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression in plants. despite the economic importance of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) only 153 putative cassava mirnas (from multiple germplasm) are available to date in mirbase (version 21), and identification of a number of mirnas from the cassava est database have been limited to comparisons with arabidopsis. ...201626799216
domestication syndrome is investigated by proteomic analysis between cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its wild relatives.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) wild relatives remain a largely untapped potential for genetic improvement. however, the domestication syndrome phenomena from wild species to cultivated cassava remain poorly understood. the analysis of leaf anatomy and photosynthetic activity showed significantly different between cassava cultivars sc205, sc8 and wild relative m. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia (w14). the dry matter, starch and amylose contents in the storage roots of cassava cultivars were sign ...201627023871
characterization and physiological effect of tapioca maltodextrin colloid plasma expander in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model.plasma expanders (pes) are administered fluids to replace blood volume when massive blood loss has occured. maltodextrin from tapioca starch was selected as a study candidate to prepare a colloid pe due to an uncomplicated production process. the formulations of mixture between tapioca maltodextrin and 0.9 % sodium chloride solution were prepared and then characterized. this was to investigate the effects of a dextrose equivalent (de) and the concentration on the physical properties. storage sta ...201627015687
comparative proteome analysis of the tuberous roots of six cassava (manihot esculenta) varieties reveals proteins related to phenotypic traits.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food and an important source of starch, and the attributes of its tuberous root largely depend on the variety. the proteome of cassava has been investigated; however, to date, no study has focused on varieties that reveal the molecular basis of phenotypical characteristics. therefore, we aimed to compare the proteome of the tuberous roots of six cassava varieties that differed in carbohydrates, carotenoids, and resistance to diseases, among other at ...201626982619
characteristics of wet distillers grains on in vitro ruminal fermentation and its effects on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing hanwoo steers.two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient composition, in vitro ruminal ammonia concentrations and ph of wet distillers grains (wdg, produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%) and to evaluate dietary effects of fermented total mixed ration (tmr) using wdg on the performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of hanwoo steers from mid fattening to slaughter. in exp. i, average dry matter (dm), crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid de ...201626949954
effects of waxy rice and tapioca starches on the physicochemical and sensory properties of white sauces enriched with functional fibre.this study was conducted to examine the physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free white sauces (wss) prepared with waxy rice starch (wrs) or tapioca starch (ts) and high amylose maize starch (hams) as the source of resistance starch rs2 type. herschel-bulkley model (h-b) was successfully used to describe the flow behavior of wss. temperature had a notable effect on the derived from h-b relation parameters and the arrhenius equation was applied to describe changes in consistency. the ...201626920263
transgenic rice expressing a cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) plasma membrane gene mepmp3-2 exhibits enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses.plasma membrane proteolipid 3 (pmp3) is a class of small hydrophobic proteins found in many organisms including higher plants. some plant pmp3 genes have been shown to respond to abiotic stresses and to participate in the processes of plant stress tolerance. in this study, we isolated the cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) mepmp3-2 gene and functionally characterized its role in tolerance to abiotic stress by expressing it in rice (oryza sativa l.). mepmp3-2 encodes a 77-amino acid protein belon ...201626909954
comparative petiole anatomy of cassava (manihot) species.in this study, we describe the petiole anatomy of six wild cassava (manihot) species, one hybrid, and two cultivars of manihot esculenta, in order to identify their dominant anatomical patterns and relate them to possible adaptations to abiotic factors in the cerrado biome. the median parts of several petiole samples were transversally and longitudinally sectioned and stained. the results include data for the taxonomic classification of the genus, including distinctive anatomical characteristics ...201626909917
genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the wrky gene family in cassava.the wrky family, a large family of transcription factors (tfs) found in higher plants, plays central roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. however, little information is available regarding the wrky family in cassava (manihot esculenta). in the present study, 85 wrky genes were identified from the cassava genome and classified into three groups according to conserved wrky domains and zinc-finger structure. conserved motif analysis showed that all of the id ...201626904033
data supporting the role of enzymes and polysaccharides during cassava postharvest physiological deterioration.this data article is referred to the research article entitled the role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration by uarrota et al. (2015). food chemistry 197, part a, 737-746. the stress duo to ppd of cassava roots leads to the formation of ros which are extremely harmful and accelerates cassava spoiling. to prevent or alleviate injuries from ros, plants have evolved antioxidant sys ...201626900596
reactive oxygen species regulate leaf pulvinus abscission zone cell separation in response to water-deficit stress in cassava.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) plant resists water-deficit stress by shedding leaves leading to adaptive water-deficit condition. transcriptomic, physiological, cellular, molecular, metabolic, and transgenic methods were used to study the mechanism of cassava abscission zone (az) cell separation under water-deficit stress. microscopic observation indicated that az cell separation initiated at the later stages during water-deficit stress. transcriptome profiling of az suggested that different ...201626899473
characters related to higher starch accumulation in cassava storage roots.cassava (manihot esculenta) is valued mainly for high content starch in its roots. our understanding of mechanisms promoting high starch accumulation in the roots is, however, still very limited. two field-grown cassava cultivars, huanan 124(h124) with low root starch and fuxuan 01(f01) with high root starch, were characterised comparatively at four main growth stages. changes in key sugars in the leaves, stems and roots seemed not to be strongly associated with the final amount of starch accumu ...201626892156
genetic diversity in cassava landraces grown on farms in alta floresta-mt, brazil.brazil is considered one of the domestication centers of cassava (manihot esculenta), containing a large part of the biological diversity and traditional knowledge of the species. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cassava landraces grown by farmers in the north of mato grosso state, brazil, using inter simple sequence repeat (issr) molecular markers. the study was carried out in the municipality of alta floresta, mt, on farms located in two rural areas. sevent ...201627706696
marker-based estimates reveal significant non-additive effects in clonally propagated cassava (manihot esculenta): implications for the prediction of total genetic value and the selection of varieties.in clonally propagated crops, non-additive genetic effects can be effectively exploited by the identification of superior genetic individuals as varieties. cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop that feeds hundreds of millions. we quantified the amount and nature of non-additive genetic variation for three key traits in a breeding population of cassava from sub-saharan africa using additive and non-additive genome-wide marker-based relationship matrices. we ...201627587297
genome-wide identification of cassava r2r3 myb family genes related to abscission zone separation after environmental-stress-induced abscission.cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) resist environmental stresses by shedding leaves in leaf pulvinus abscission zones (azs), thus leading to adaptation to new environmental conditions. little is known about the roles of cassava r2r3 myb factors in regulating az separation. herein, 166 cassava r2r3 myb genes were identified. evolutionary analysis indicated that the 166 r2r3 myb genes could be divided into 11 subfamilies. transcriptome analysis indicated that 26 r2r3 myb genes were expresse ...201627573926
evaluating imputation algorithms for low-depth genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) data.well-powered genomic studies require genome-wide marker coverage across many individuals. for non-model species with few genomic resources, high-throughput sequencing (hts) methods, such as genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs), offer an inexpensive alternative to array-based genotyping. although affordable, datasets derived from hts methods suffer from sequencing error, alignment errors, and missing data, all of which introduce noise and uncertainty to variant discovery and genotype calling. under suc ...201627537694
resilience of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) to salinity: implications for food security in low-lying regions.rising sea levels are threatening agricultural production in coastal regions due to inundation and contamination of groundwater. the development of more salt-tolerant crops is essential. cassava is an important staple, particularly among poor subsistence farmers. its tolerance to drought and elevated temperatures make it highly suitable for meeting global food demands in the face of climate change, but its ability to tolerate salt is unknown. cassava stores nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glu ...201627506218
cassava traits and end-user preference: relating traits to consumer liking, sensory perception, and genetics.breeding efforts have focused on improving agronomic traits of the cassava plant however little research has been done to enhance the crop palatability. this review investigates the links between cassava traits and end-user preference in relation with sensory characteristics. the main trait is starch and its composition related to the textural properties of the food. pectin degradation during cooking resulted in increased mealiness. nutritional components such as carotenoids made the cassava yel ...201627494196
exposure to various abscission-promoting treatments suggests substantial erf subfamily transcription factors involvement in the regulation of cassava leaf abscission.cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) have obvious abscission zone (az) structures in their leaf pulvinus-petioles. cassava leaf abscission can be triggered by either 17 days of water-deficit stress or 4 days of ethylene treatment. to date, little is known about cassava ap2/erf factors, and less is known regarding their roles in regulating abscission zone development.201627488048
interspecies and intraspecies analysis of trehalose contents and the biosynthesis pathway gene family reveals crucial roles of trehalose in osmotic-stress tolerance in cassava.trehalose is a nonreducing α,α-1,1-disaccharide in a wide range of organisms, and has diverse biological functions that range from serving as an energy source to acting as a protective/signal sugar. however, significant amounts of trehalose have rarely been detected in higher plants, and the function of trehalose in the drought-tolerant crop cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is unclear. we measured soluble sugar concentrations of nine plant species with differing levels of drought tolerance and ...201627420056
application of amylomaltase for the synthesis of salicin-α-glucosides as efficient anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agents.the focus of this study was the synthesis of α-glucosyl derivatives of salicin by a transglucosylation reaction. the reaction was catalyzed by recombinant amylomaltase using tapioca starch as a glucosyl donor. several reaction parameters, such as the enzyme-substrate concentrations, ph, temperature and incubation time, were optimized. using the optimum conditions, at least three products with retention times (rt) of 6.2, 9.2 and 14.1 were observed. the maximum yield of glucosylated salicin deriv ...201627394039
changing dietary habits among akwen xerente.the research aimed to identify the current feed of xerente people in indian villages porteira and funil in the city of tocantinia / to. it was used a qualitative ethnographic approach. conducted from september 2013 to august 2014. the data were presented in a diary, through participant observation of food practices with the guidance of a script. a process of dietary change that permeates the culture of this people is taking place. factors such as the deficit in the planting gardens, the recent a ...201627384282
amazonian foods and implications for human biology.diets of subsistence-based amazonian populations have been linked to local resources, but are changing with market penetration.201627337942
performances and haematological profile of broilers fed fermented dried cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).the effect of feeding fermented dried cassava (gathot) on the performances and haematological profile of broilers was investigated. there were four dietary treatments arranged in a completely randomized design, i.e. control diet and diets containing 25, 50 or 100 g/kg gathot. the birds were provided with the treatment diets ad libitum from 8 to 35 days of age. body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (fcr) were determined weekly. at day 32, the birds were blood sampled, sacrificed and ...201627307279
natural variation in expression of genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage root.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage root provides a staple food source for millions of people worldwide. increasing the carotenoid content in storage root of cassava could provide improved nutritional and health benefits. because carotenoid accumulation has been associated with storage root color, this study characterized carotenoid profiles, and abundance of key transcripts associated with carotenoid biosynthesis, from 23 landraces of cassava storage root ranging in color from white-to-y ...201627286876
analysis of octenylsuccinate rice and tapioca starches: distribution of octenylsuccinic anhydride groups in starch granules.characterization of the fine structure of octenylsuccinic anhydride (osa) starch would lead to a better understanding of functional properties. osa rice and tapioca starches were analyzed using microscopy, liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. chain length distribution of amylopectin changed significantly (p<0.05) after osa esterification. weight averaged degree of polymerization (dpw) decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 16.47 to 13.29 and from 14.87 to 12.47 in native and osa ...201627283674
interactive effects of temperature and drought on cassava growth and toxicity: implications for food security?cassava is an important dietary component for over 1 billion people, and its ability to yield under drought has led to it being promoted as an important crop for food security under climate change. despite its known photosynthetic plasticity in response to temperature, little is known about how temperature affects plant toxicity or about interactions between temperature and drought, which is important because cassava tissues contain high levels of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, a major health and ...201627252148
mineral and phytate contents of some prepared popular ghanaian foods.prepared ghanaian traditional foods, mostly consist of starchy staples such as yams (dioscorea spp.), cassava (manihot esculenta), millet (pennisetum glaucum), maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) etc. these traditional foods are a main source of energy and macronutrients. little or no information however exist on the mineral and phytate contents of prepared traditional ghanaian foods. the mineral and phytate contents of twenty commonly eaten ghanaian foods, prepared using popular recipes we ...201627247878
toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration: biochemical changes in stored cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots.food losses can occur during production, postharvest, and processing stages in the supply chain. with the onset of worldwide food shortages, interest in reducing postharvest losses in cassava has been increasing. in this research, the main goal was to evaluate biochemical changes and identify the metabolites involved in the deterioration of cassava roots. we found that high levels of ascorbic acid (asa), polyphenol oxidase (ppo), dry matter, and proteins are correlated with overall lower rates o ...201627247771
validation of reference genes for relative quantitative gene expression studies in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by using quantitative real-time pcr.reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr, also referred to as quantitative rt-pcr or rt-qpcr) is a highly sensitive and high-throughput method used to study gene expression. despite the numerous advantages of rt-qpcr, its accuracy is strongly influenced by the stability of internal reference genes used for normalizations. to date, few studies on the identification of reference genes have been performed on cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). therefore, ...201627242878
biological implications in cassava for the production of amylose-free starch: impact on root yield and related traits.cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz) is an important food security crop, but it is becoming an important raw material for different industrial applications. cassava is the second most important source of starch worldwide. novel starch properties are of interest to the starch industry, and one them is the recently identified amylose-free (waxy) cassava starch. waxy mutants have been found in different crops and have been often associated with a yield penalty. there are ongoing efforts to develop c ...201627242813
[a rare cause of optic neuropathy: cassava].cassava root is a staple food for almost 500 million people worldwide. excessive consumption of it is a rare cause of optic neuropathy.201627236340
modified dietary fiber from cassava pulp and assessment of mercury bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake using an in vitro digestion/caco-2 model system.the ability of modified dietary fiber (mdf) generated from cassava pulp to modulate the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of heavy metals may be helpful to mitigate health risk associated with select foods including select fish high in methyl mercury. using a coupled in vitro digestion/caco-2 human intestinal cell model, the reduction of fish mercury bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake by mdf was investiaged. mdf was prepared from cassava pulp, a byproduct of tapioca production. the ...201627220052
development of retrotransposon-based markers irap and remap for cassava (manihot esculenta).retrotransposons are abundant in the genomes of plants. in the present study, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (irap) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (remap) markers were developed for the cassava genome (manihot esculenta crantz). four cassava cultivars (fécula branca, ipr-união, olho junto, and tamboara, two samples per cultivar) were used to obtain irap and remap fingerprints. twelve designed primers were amplified alone and in combinations. the 42 irap/r ...201627173210
optimization of durum wheat bread from a selenium-rich cultivar fortified with bran.in this work the effect of bran addition (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %) on sensory, nutritional and mechanical properties of bread made from a durum wheat semolina enriched with selenium (cultivar pr22d89) was addressed; traditional and whole-meal bread from the same cultivar pr22d89, without any further bran addition, were also investigated for comparative purpose. in order to improve the durum wheat functional bread, different structuring agents (agar agar, gellan gum, guar seed flour, hy ...201627162413
effect of genotype and genotype by environment interaction on total cyanide content, fresh root, and starch yield in farmer-preferred cassava landraces in tanzania.high starch yield is the most important trait for commercialized cassava starch production. furthermore, cyanide present in cassava roots poses a health challenge in the use of cassava for food. cassava genotypes have varying maturity periods that are also environmental dependent. this study aimed at identifying suitable cultivars and optimum time of harvest to maximize starch production across three environments. the study found significant difference between genotypes, locations, harvest perio ...201627826428
new accuracy estimators for genomic selection with application in a cassava (manihot esculenta) breeding program.genomic selection is the main force driving applied breeding programs and accuracy is the main measure for evaluating its efficiency. the traditional estimator (te) of experimental accuracy is not fully adequate. this study proposes and evaluates the performance and efficiency of two new accuracy estimators, called regularized estimator (re) and hybrid estimator (he), which were applied to a practical cassava breeding program and also to simulated data. the simulation study considered two indivi ...201627808382
in vitro assessment of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of boiled juice (tucupi) from manihot esculenta crantz roots.the population of pará (a state in brazil) has a very characteristic food culture, as a majority of the carbohydrates consumed are obtained from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) derivatives. tucupi is the boiled juice of cassava roots that plays a major role in the culinary footprint of pará. before boiling, this juice is known as manipueira and contains linamarin, a toxic glycoside that can decompose to hydrogen cyanide. in this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tucupi on cultured ...201627808379
new lupan-type triterpenoids.three new lupan-type triterpernoid derivatives, namely globimetulin a (1), b (2) and c (3), were isolated from the shoot of globimetula dinklagei (loranthaceae), a hemiparasitic plant growing on manihot esculenta, along with five known compounds: friedelin (4), friedelan-3-ol (5), 28-hydroxyfriedelin (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7) and (1r,5s,7s)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (8). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analy ...201627626765
diallel analysis of provitamin a carotenoid and dry matter content in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).global efforts are underway to biofortify cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with provitamin a carotenoids to help combat dietary vitamin a deficiency afflicting the health of more than 500 million resource-poor people in sub-saharan africa. to further the biofortification initiative in uganda, a 6×6 diallel analysis was conducted to estimate combining ability of six provitamin a clones and gene actions controlling total carotenoid content (tcc), dry matter content (dmc) in cassava roots and oth ...201627795688
eleven years of breeding efforts to combat cassava brown streak disease.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) production is currently under threat from cassava brown streak disease (cbsd), a disease that is among the seven most serious obstacles to world's food security. three issues are of significance for cbsd. firstly, the virus associated with cbsd, has co-evolved with cassava outside its center of origin for at least 90 years. secondly, that for the last 74 years, cbsd was only limited to the low lands. thirdly, that most research has largely focused on cbsd epide ...201627795681
the inhibition effect of starch nanoparticles on tyrosinase activity and its mechanism.the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of starch nanoparticles (snps) prepared from waxy maize, potato, normal corn, and tapioca starches on the activity of tyrosinase. as a main polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase not only induces fruit and vegetable browning but also causes skin diseases by overproducing melanin. herein, for the first time, we evaluated the inhibitory kinetics of snps on tyrosinase. it turned out that snps inhibited tyrosinase activity reversibly. the ...201627872930
potential of tannin-rich plants, leucaena leucocephala, glyricidia sepium and manihot esculenta, to reduce enteric methane emissions in sheep.an in vivo trial was conducted in sheep to investigate the effect of three tropical tannin-rich plants (trp) on methane emission, intake and digestibility. the trp used were leaves of glyricidia sepium, leucaena leucocephala and manihot esculenta that contained, respectively, 39, 75 and 92 g condensed tannins/kg dm. methane was determined with the sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique. eight rumen-cannulated sheep of two breeds (four texel, four blackbelly) were used in two 4 × 4 latin square de ...201627870287
the erf transcription factor family in cassava: genome-wide characterization and expression analyses against drought stress.cassava (manihot esculenta) shows strong tolerance to drought stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this tolerance are poorly understood. ethylene response factor (erf) family genes play a crucial role in plants responding to abiotic stress. currently, less information is known regarding the erf family in cassava. herein, 147 erf genes were characterized from cassava based on the complete genome data, which was further supported by phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and conserved mo ...201627869212
β-glucans and resistant starch alter the fermentation of recalcitrant fibers in growing pigs.interactions among dietary ingredients are often assumed non-existent when evaluating the nutritive value and health effects of dietary fiber. specific fibers can distinctly affect digestive processes; therefore, digestibility and fermentability of the complete diet may depend on fiber types present. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of readily fermentable fibers (β-glucans and resistant starch) on the degradation of feed ingredients containing more persistent, recalcitrant, fibers. six s ...201627911928
the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid alleviates salinity stress in cassava.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) demand has been rising because of its various applications. high salinity stress is a major environmental factor that interferes with normal plant growth and limits crop productivity. as well as genetic engineering to enhance stress tolerance, the use of small molecules is considered as an alternative methodology to modify plants with desired traits. the effectiveness of histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors for increasing tolerance to salinity stress has recen ...201628119717
effect of different binders on the physico-chemical, textural, histological, and sensory qualities of retort pouched buffalo meat nuggets.the functional properties of 4 binders, namely corn starch, wheat semolina, wheat flour, and tapioca starches, were evaluated to improve the quality of buffalo meat nuggets processed in retort pouches at f(0) 12.13. incorporation of corn starch in buffalo meat nuggets produced more stable emulsion than other binders used. product yield, drip loss, and ph did not vary significantly between the products with different binders. shear force value was significantly higher for product with corn starch ...201620492199
[tapioca melanoma of the iris]. 20162973640
[acid hydrolysis of mandioca].the influence of time of hydrolysis, pression of the process, ratio of mass of flour and volume and concentration of the acid solution was studied in the hydrolytic processes for cassava flour. the aim was to obtain fermentable sugars, and the results were submitted to variance analysis.20161228838
[a rare case of melanoma of the iris: tapioca melanoma iridis]. 2016897275
occurrence of mycotoxins in raw ingredients used for animal feeding stuffs in the united kingdom in 1992.examination of 330 samples of animal feed ingredients for the presence of a number of mycotoxins has been carried out. these samples were drawn from 186 animal feed mills in the united kingdom. aflatoxin b1 was the mycotoxin found most frequently, occurring in most samples of rice bran, maize products, palm kernels and cottonseed, but not in only 3 out of 20 samples of sunflower, in 1 out of 20 samples of soya and in no samples of peas, beans or manioc. analytical difficulties were met with some ...20159102349
encapsulation of black carrot juice using spray and freeze drying.black carrot juice extracted using pectinase enzyme was encapsulated in three different carrier materials (maltodextrin 20de, gum arabic and tapioca starch) using spray drying at four inlet temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 ℃) and freeze drying at a constant temperature of - 53 ℃ and vacuum of 0.22-0.11 mbar with the constant feed mixture. the products were analyzed for total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, water solubility index, encapsulation efficiency and total colour change. fo ...201525367889
plant poisoning in thailand: a 10-year analysis from ramathibodi poison center.plant poisoning is not uncommon in thailand. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence, type, clinical manifestations, severity and outcomes of plant poisoned patients in thailand over a 10-year period. we retrospectively reviewed data from the ramathibodi poison center toxic exposure surveillance system for 2001-2010. a total of 2,901 poisonous plant exposure cases were identified, comprising 3.1% of the 92,392 poison cases recorded during the study period. this was the fifth m ...201526867365
a geographic distribution database of the neotropical cassava whitefly complex (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) and their associated parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (hymenoptera).whiteflies (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) are represented by more than 1,500 herbivorous species around the world. some of them are notorious pests of cassava (manihot esculenta), a primary food crop in the tropics. particularly destructive is a complex of neotropical cassava whiteflies whose distribution remains restricted to their native range. despite their importance, neither their distribution, nor that of their associated parasitoids, is well documented. this paper therefore reports observationa ...201526798295
transition from somatic embryo to friable embryogenic callus in cassava: dynamic changes in cellular structure, physiological status, and gene expression profiles.friable embryogenic callus (fec) is considered as the most suitable material for efficient genetic transformation of cassava. heavy genotype dependence of fec induction and amenability to somaclonal variation limits the production and maintenance of reliable fec. identifying key elements involved in biological processes from somatic embryos (ses) to fec at different stages provides critical insights for fec improvement. cytological observation showed a dramatic change of subcellular structures a ...201526500668
the metabolic effects of consumption of yellow cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) on some biochemical parameters in experimental rats.the metabolism of yellow cassava (variety tms 01/1368) was investigated in male albino rats fed a diet containing yellow cassava for 7 to 28 days. there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in total and free cyanide and thiocyanate in the sera and urine samples of the experimental rats compared with the control, significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum glucose, alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels of the experimental rats compared with the con ...201526467190
tracking crop varieties using genotyping-by-sequencing markers: a case study using cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).accurate identification of crop cultivars is crucial in assessing the impact of crop improvement research outputs. two commonly used identification approaches, elicitation of variety names from farmer interviews and morphological plant descriptors, have inherent uncertainty levels. genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) was used in a case study as an alternative method to track released varieties in farmers' fields, using cassava, a clonally propagated root crop widely grown in the tropics, and often di ...201526395668
somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) landraces from cameroon.a procedure to regenerate cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivars from cameroon via somatic embryogenesis (se) was developed. shoot apical meristems and immature leaf lobes were used as explants on murashige and skoog (ms) basal medium containing 33 or 50 µm of the auxins picloram (pic), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), dicamba (dic), and α-naphthalene acetic acid. cultivar performance was assessed using se and number of somatic embryos produced. overall, the frequency of primary som ...201526361578
physical localization of molecular markers and assignment of the 15th linkage group to chromosome 11 of the karyotype in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by primed in situ labeling.physical localization of molecular markers and assignment of the 15th linkage group to chromosome 11 of the karyotype in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) were achieved using primed in situ labeling. amplified signals for both the est507-1 and ssry13-5 markers were consistently observed in different stages of cell division. a comparison of the length, arm ratio, and other morphological characteristics of somatic metaphase chromosomes in karyotype analysis indicated that the est507-1 and ssry13- ...201526345763
effect of starch-beeswax coatings on quality parameters of blackberries (rubus spp.).there is increased interest in berry fruits due to health benefits, and maintenance of fruit quality for longer periods of time has been a priority. we previously found that starch based coatings applied on raspberries was associated to volatile compounds production due to anoxic conditions. the objective of this work was to design more hydrophobic coatings with reduced thickness. a starch-beeswax dispersion containing 2 % (w/v) modified tapioca starch added with either 0.5 or 1.0 % (w/v) beeswa ...201526344973
meristem micropropagation of cassava (manihot esculenta) evokes genome-wide changes in dna methylation.there is great interest in the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes associated with plant in vitro culture known as somaclonal variation. in vitro propagation systems that are based on the use of microcuttings or meristem cultures are considered analogous to clonal cuttings and so widely viewed to be largely free from such somaclonal effects. in this study, we surveyed for epigenetic changes during propagation by meristem culture and by field cuttings in five cassava (manihot esculenta) cu ...201526322052
chemical composition, digestibility and emulsification properties of octenyl succinic esters of various starches.octenyl succinate starches are commonly used as emulsifiers and texturizing agents in many food-systems. rice, tapioca, corn, wheat and potato starches were modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (osa) at 3% level. structural characterization, molecular weight, starch digestibility and physical properties of starch granule stabilized emulsions were studied for modified starches. modified potato (0.022) and wheat (0.018) starches had the highest and lowest degrees of osa substitution, respectiv ...201528454971
genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) evaluated using issr markers.molecular markers are efficient for assessing the genetic fidelity of various species of plants after in vitro culture. in this study, we evaluated the genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) using inter-simple sequence repeat markers. twenty-two cassava accessions from the embrapa cassava & fruits germplasm bank were used. for each accession, dna was extracted from a plant maintained in the field and from 3 plants grown in vitro. for dna amp ...201526214457
soluble dextrin fibers alter the intestinal microbiota and reduce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in male il-10-deficient mice.prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. interleukin 10-deficient (il-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition.201526180249
dust mite infestation in cooking flour: experimental observations and practical recommendations.the first documented case of oral mite anaphylaxis has recently been reported in thailand, with mites possibly originating from cooking flour.201526141033
factors influencing somatic embryogenesis, regeneration, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivar tme14.routine production of large numbers of transgenic plants is required to fully exploit advances in cassava biotechnology and support development of improved germplasm for deployment to farmers. this article describes an improved, high-efficiency transformation protocol for recalcitrant cassava cultivar tme14 preferred in africa. factors that favor production of friable embryogenic calli (fec) were found to be use of dkw medium, crushing of organized embryogenic structures (oes) through 1-2 mm siz ...201526113851
phylogeny and expression pattern of starch branching enzyme family genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) under diverse environments.starch branching enzyme (sbe) is one of the key enzymes involved in starch biosynthetic metabolism. in this study, six sbe family genes were identified from the cassava genome. phylogenetic analysis divided the mesbe family genes into dicot family a, b, c, and the new group. tissue-specific analysis showed that mesbe2.2 was strongly expressed in leaves, stems cortex, and root stele, and mesbe3 had high expression levels in stem cortex and root stele of plants in the rapid growth stage under fiel ...201525981533
increasing stringiness of low-fat mozzarella string cheese using polysaccharides.when fat content of pasta filata cheese is lowered, a loss of fibrous texture occurs and low-fat (lf) mozzarella cheese loses stringiness, making it unsuitable for the manufacture of string cheese. we investigated the use of various polysaccharides that could act as fat mimetics during the stretching and extruding process to aid in protein strand formation and increase stringiness. low-fat mozzarella cheese curd was made, salted, and then 3.6-kg batches were heated in hot (80°) 5% brine, stretch ...201525981060
diversity, physicochemical and technological characterization of elite cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivars of bantè, a district of central benin.cassava is one of the staple food crops contributing significantly to food and nutrition security in benin. this study aimed to assess the diversity of the elite cassava cultivars of bantè district, determine the physicochemical properties of the most preferred ones as well as the sensory attributes of their major derived products (gari and tapioca), and compare them with the farmers' and processors' perception on their technological qualities. the ethnobotanical investigation revealed existence ...201526693522
uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (manihot esculenta crantz).in this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern brazil by uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. cassava roots rich in β-carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin a deficiency. cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin a activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence ...201526673931
a genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with integrated physical mapping of immunity-related genes.cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, is one of the most important crops world-wide representing the staple security for more than one billion of people. the development of dense genetic and physical maps, as the basis for implementing genetic and molecular approaches to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in breeding program represents a significant challenge. a reference genome sequence for cassava has been made recently available and community efforts are underway for improving its quality. cas ...201525887443
uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (manihot esculenta crantz).in this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern brazil by uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. cassava roots rich in β-carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin a deficiency. cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin a activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence ...201529215981
predicting the potential invasion suitability of regions to cassava lacebug pests (heteroptera: tingidae: vatiga spp.).cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important staple crops for small farmers in the tropics, feeding about 800 million people worldwide. it is currently cultivated in south and central america, africa and asia. the genus vatiga is widespread throughout the neotropical region. its species are sympatric and feed exclusively on cassava. the main objectives of this paper are: (1) to assess the potential distribution of vatiga, one of the most relevant pests of cassava; (2) to proje ...201525523908
tapioca cardiomyopathy: curse of cassava endomyocardial fibrosis.tropical endomyocardial fibrosis is a rare entity in the present era. restrictive cardiomyopathy due to tapioca consumption is very rare, although it has been reported in india, especially in state of kerala. we report a rare case of restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to tapioca consumption in a 20-year-old male patient.201528197237
classification of cassava genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative data.we evaluated the genetic variation of cassava accessions based on qualitative (binomial and multicategorical) and quantitative traits (continuous). we characterized 95 accessions obtained from the cassava germplasm bank of embrapa mandioca e fruticultura; we evaluated these accessions for 13 continuous, 10 binary, and 25 multicategorical traits. first, we analyzed the accessions based only on quantitative traits; next, we conducted joint analysis (qualitative and quantitative traits) based on th ...201525730029
characteristics of wet and dried distillers grains on in vitro ruminal fermentation and effects of dietary wet distillers grains on performance of hanwoo steers.two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutrient composition, in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd) and organic matter disappearance (ivomd) of three kinds of distillers grains (dg); i) wet distillers grains (wdg, krw 25/kg), ii) dried distillers grains (ddg, krw 280/kg), iii) dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs, krw 270/kg) produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%, and to evaluate dietary effects of wdg on the performance of hanwoo steers. in exp. 1, twelve-wdg, four-ddg and on ...201525715686
an overview of protein identification studies in cassava.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) belongs to the euphorbiaceae family and is originated from the southern amazon basin. the storage root is the most important product of cassava as food for more than 800 million people in africa, asia and latin america. in this review, we present a retrospective of studies aiming the identification of cassava proteins, starting from the first investigations using sds-page and classical two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) to recent studies with advanced te ...201525707473
correlation of chemical compositions of cassava varieties to their resistance to prostephanus truncatus horn (coleoptera: bostrichidae).the preference of cassava as a major host by prostephanus truncatus horn is a major constraint to ample production of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz and storage. this study analyzed the nutritional and secondary metabolite compositions in 15 cassava varieties, evaluated levels of damage and reproduction by p. truncatus, and assessed their resistance to attack. one hundred grams of dried cassava chips in 250-ml kilner jars were infested with 10 adult larger grain borerof 0-10 days old and held ...201525700536
starch (tapioca) to carbon dots: an efficient green approach to an on-off-on photoluminescence probe for fluoride ion sensing.photoluminescent carbon dots of 4-5 nm size were prepared from starch (tapioca sago) through a solution method under mild conditions. the as-prepared carbon dots were used as photoluminescence probes for highly anion selective fluoride ion detection in aqueous solutions. a ready-to-use device is also demonstrated.201525679995
effects of a food-based intervention on markers of micronutrient status among indian women of low socio-economic status.intakes of micronutrient-rich foods are low among indian women of reproductive age. we investigated whether consumption of a food-based micronutrient-rich snack increased markers of blood micronutrient concentrations when compared with a control snack. non-pregnant women (n 222) aged 14-35 years living in a mumbai slum were randomised to receive a treatment snack (containing green leafy vegetables, dried fruit and whole milk powder), or a control snack containing foods of low micronutrient conte ...201525677713
chemical constituents from the stems of manihot esculenta.two new compounds, maniesculentins a (1) and b (6), together with four known ones were isolated from the stems of manihot esculenta crantz. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the two new compounds (1, 6) were assayed for antibacterial activity against four tested bacteria lines.201525673419
rheological, physical, and sensory attributes of gluten-free rice cakes containing resistant starch.in this study the effect of resistant starch (rs) addition on gluten-free cakes from rice flour and tapioca starch physical and sensorial properties was investigated. increase in rs concentration made cake batters less elastic (drop of g'(ω), g''(ω) values) and thinner (viscosity decreased). cakes specific volume increased with an increase in rs level and was maximized for 15 g/100 g rs, although porosity values were significantly unaffected by rs content. crumb grain analysis exhibited a decrea ...201525604540
cassava virus diseases: biology, epidemiology, and management.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz.) is the most important vegetatively propagated food staple in africa and a prominent industrial crop in latin america and asia. its vegetative propagation through stem cuttings has many advantages, but deleteriously it means that pathogens are passed from one generation to the next and can easily accumulate, threatening cassava production. cassava-growing continents are characterized by specific suites of viruses that affect cassava and pose particular threats. ...201525591878
effect of the borax mass and pre-spray medium temperature on droplet size and velocity vector distributions of intermittently sprayed starchy solutions.spray coating technology has demonstrated great potential in the slow release fertilizers industry. the better understanding of the key spray parameters benefits both the environment and low cost coating processes. the use of starch based materials to coat the slow release fertilizers is a new development. however, the hydraulic spray jet breakup of the non-newtonian starchy solutions is a complex phenomenon and very little known. the aim of this research was to study the axial and radial distri ...201525557285
corrin-based chemosensors for the assured detection of endogenous cyanide.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food for more than 500 million people, especially in africa and south america. however, its consumption bears risks as it contains cyanogenic glycosides that convert enzymatically to toxic cyanide during cell damage. to avoid serious health problems by unintentional cyanide intake, this dangerous product of decomposition must be removed before consumption. for monitoring such food processing procedures and for controlling the quality and safety of c ...201525317920
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