Publications

global transcriptome profiling of wild soybean (glycine soja) roots under nahco3 treatment.	plant roots are the primary site of perception and injury for saline-alkaline stress. the current knowledge of saline-alkaline stress transcriptome is mostly focused on saline (nacl) stress and only limited information on alkaline (nahco3) stress is available.	2010	20653984
gscbrlk, a calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase, is a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt and aba stress.	calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases play vital roles in protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes, yet little is known about the phosphorylation process of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and its role in stress signal transduction in plants. a novel plant-specific calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase (gscbrlk) has been isolated from glycine soja. a subcellular localization study using gfp fusion protein indicated that gscbrlk is localized in the plasma membrane. bin ...	2010	20400529
a fluorescence in situ hybridization system for karyotyping soybean.	the development of a universal soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cytogenetic map that associates classical genetic linkage groups, molecular linkage groups, and a sequence-based physical map with the karyotype has been impeded due to the soybean chromosomes themselves, which are small and morphologically homogeneous. to overcome this obstacle, we screened soybean repetitive dna to develop a cocktail of fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) probes that could differentially label mitotic chromos ...	2010	20421607
whole-genome sequencing and intensive analysis of the undomesticated soybean (glycine soja sieb. and zucc.) genome.	the genome of soybean (glycine max), a commercially important crop, has recently been sequenced and is one of six crop species to have been sequenced. here we report the genome sequence of g. soja, the undomesticated ancestor of g. max (in particular, g. soja var. it182932). the 48.8-gb illumina genome analyzer (illumina-ga) short dna reads were aligned to the g. max reference genome and a consensus was determined for g. soja. this consensus sequence spanned 915.4 mb, representing a coverage of ...	2010	21131573
hybridization between gm soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. et zucc.) under field conditions in japan.	accumulation of information about natural hybridization between gm soybean (glycine max) and wild soybean (glycine soja) is required for risk assessment evaluation and to establish biosafety regulations in japan. this is particularly important in areas where wild relatives of cultivated soybean are grown (i.e. east asia including japan). to collect information on temporal and spatial factors affecting variation in hybridization between wild and gm soybean, a two year hybridization experiment was ...	2010	21122483
resequencing of 31 wild and cultivated soybean genomes identifies patterns of genetic diversity and selection.	we report a large-scale analysis of the patterns of genome-wide genetic variation in soybeans. we re-sequenced a total of 17 wild and 14 cultivated soybean genomes to an average of approximately ×5 depth and >90% coverage using the illumina genome analyzer ii platform. we compared the patterns of genetic variation between wild and cultivated soybeans and identified higher allelic diversity in wild soybeans. we identified a high level of linkage disequilibrium in the soybean genome, suggesting th ...	2010	21076406
natural variability in abundance of prevalent soybean proteins.	soybean is an inexpensive source of protein for humans and animals. genetic modifications (gmo) to soybean have become inevitable on two fronts, both quality and yield will need to improve to meet increasing global demand. to ensure the safety of the crop for consumers it is important to determine the natural variation in seed protein constituents as well as any unintended changes that may occur in the gmo as a result of genetic modification. understanding the natural variation of seed proteins ...	2010	20709130
genetic diversity in domesticated soybean (glycine max) and its wild progenitor (glycine soja) for simple sequence repeat and single-nucleotide polymorphism loci.	• the study of genetic diversity between a crop and its wild relatives may yield fundamental insights into evolutionary history and the process of domestication. • in this study, we genotyped a sample of 303 accessions of domesticated soybean (glycine max) and its wild progenitor glycine soja with 99 microsatellite markers and 554 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. • the simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci averaged 21.5 alleles per locus and overall nei's gene diversity of 0.77. the snp ...	2010	20618914
a single origin and moderate bottleneck during domestication of soybean (glycine max): implications from microsatellites and nucleotide sequences.	background and aims it is essential to illuminate the evolutionary history of crop domestication in order to understand further the origin and development of modern cultivation and agronomy; however, despite being one of the most important crops, the domestication origin and bottleneck of soybean (glycine max) are poorly understood. in the present study, microsatellites and nucleotide sequences were employed to elucidate the domestication genetics of soybean. methods the genomes of 79 landrace s ...	2010	20566681
the origin and fate of morphological intermediates between wild and cultivated soybeans in their natural habitats in japan.	the spread of transgenes into the genome of wild soybean is a concern when transgenic and wild soybeans are planted sympatrically. the objectives of this study were to investigate the origin and fate of morphological intermediates between wild and cultivated soybeans in their natural habitats in japan. twenty nuclear microsatellite and two chloroplast dcaps markers were used to evaluate genetic variation of 468 wild, 17 intermediate, and 12 cultivated soybean samples collected from six sites bet ...	2010	20444080
molecular and chromosomal evidence for allopolyploidy in soybean.	recent studies have documented that the soybean (glycine max) genome has undergone two rounds of large-scale genome and/or segmental duplication. to shed light on the timing and nature of these duplication events, we characterized and analyzed two subfamilies of high-copy centromeric satellite repeats, centgm-1 and centgm-2, using a combination of computational and molecular cytogenetic approaches. these two subfamilies of satellite repeats mark distinct subsets of soybean centromeres and, in at ...	2009	19605552
utility of proteomics techniques for assessing protein expression.	proteomic technologies are currently used as an effective analytical tool for examining modifications in protein profiles. understanding the natural variation of soybean seed proteins is necessary to evaluate potential unintended (collateral) effects due to transgenic modifications in genetically modified (gmo) soybeans. we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry, and liquid chroma ...	2009	19133307
identification of micrornas in wild soybean (glycine soja).	micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing by directing target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. currently, hundreds of mirnas have been identified in plants, but no report has been published of wild soybean (glycine soja sieb). we constructed a small-rna library consisting of 2 880 sequences with high quality, in which 1 347 were 19-24 nt in length. by utilizing the mirna, rfam and domesticated soybean expressed sequence tag database, we have analyze ...	2009	20021554
biological safety of liposome-fullerene consisting of hydrogenated lecithin, glycine soja sterols, and fullerene-c60 upon photocytotoxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity.	various water-soluble derivatives of fullerene-c60 (c60) have been developed as detoxifiers for reactive oxygen species (ros), whereas c60 incorporated in liposome (lpsm) has not been reported yet. we prepared the liposome-fullerene (0.2% aqueous phase, lpsm-flln) which was composed of hydrogenated lecithin, glycine soja (soybean) sterols, and c60 in the weight ratio of 89.7:10:0.3, then examined the photocytotoxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity, as comparing with the lpsm containing no c ...	2009	19482914
inheritance of salt tolerance in wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. and zucc.) accession pi483463.	tolerant soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cultivars aid in reducing salt damage in problem fields. new genes are important to reduce losses from salt injury. objectives of this study were to determine inheritance of salt tolerance in wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. and zucc.) pi483463 and to test allelism of tolerance genes from genotypes pi483463 and s-100, a common ancestor of southern in us cultivars. tolerant (t) pi483463 was crossed to sensitive (s) cultivar hutcheson to study inheritance. ...	2009	19451208
gs52 ecto-apyrase plays a critical role during soybean nodulation.	apyrases are non-energy-coupled nucleotide phosphohydrolases that hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside monophosphates and orthophosphates. gs52, a soybean (glycine soja) ecto-apyrase, was previously shown to be induced very early in response to inoculation with the symbiotic bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum. overexpression of the gs52 ecto-apyrase in lotus japonicus increased the level of rhizobial infection and enhanced nodulation. these data suggest a ...	2009	19036836
[genetic variation of snp loci based on candidate gene for resistance to soybean cyst nematode].	for clarifying the difference of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) level between cultivated (glycine max (l.) merr.) and annual wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.), genetic variation pattern of 8 snp loci developed from soybean cyst nematode resistance candidate genes rhg1 and rhg4 in soybean germplasm were analyzed. the results indicated that g. max population, consisted of cultivated soybean mini-core collection and modern cultivars, had a higher ld levels (r2 value is 0. ...	2009	20042394
affinity purification of trypsin inhibitor with anti-aspergillus flavus activity from cultivated and wild soybean.	trypsin inhibitors (ti) from wild-type soybean (glycine soya) (wbti) and domesticated soybean (glycine max) (sbti) were purified using prepared chitosan resin-trypsin as filler on the affinity chromatography column. the sbti/wbti purification fold by affinity chromatography was 718- and 279-fold, with the activity recovery of 62% and 59%, respectively. it was found that sbti and wbti exerted a strong inhibition of aspergillus. flavus growth, with ic(50) of 1.6 and 1.0 micromol/l. this growth inh ...	2009	18830687
genetic diversity and peculiarity of annual wild soybean (g. soja sieb. et zucc.) from various eco-regions in china.	annual wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. et zucc.) is believed to be a potential gene source for future soybean improvement in coping with the world climate change for food security. to evaluate the wild soybean genetic diversity and differentiation, we analyzed allelic profiles at 60 simple-sequence repeat (ssr) loci and variation of eight morph-biological traits of a representative sample with 196 accessions from the natural growing area in china. for comparison, a representative sample with 20 ...	2009	19449177
ensifer meliloti bv. lancerottense establishes nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with lotus endemic to the canary islands and shows distinctive symbiotic genotypes and host range.	eleven strains were isolated from root nodules of lotus endemic to the canary islands and they belonged to the genus ensifer, a genus never previously described as a symbiont of lotus. according to their 16s rrna and atpd gene sequences, two isolates represented minority genotypes that could belong to previously undescribed ensifer species, but most of the isolates were classified within the species ensifer meliloti. these isolates nodulated lotus lancerottensis, lotus corniculatus and lotus jap ...	2009	19477097
effects of nacl stress on antioxidative enzymes of glycine soja sieb.	the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), catalase (cat) and parameters of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (mda) of shoots were investigated in s. sieb naturally salt-resistant halophyte. the seedlings of s. sieb were treated with varying (0, 80, 160 and 240 mm) nacl stress. the results showed that nacl played an important role in growth of s. sieb. it made obviously promotion of certain nacl concentration to growth of s. sieb, the seeflings of s. sieb ...	2009	19580000
fine-scale genetic structure enhances biparental inbreeding by promoting mating events between more related individuals in wild soybean (glycine soja; fabaceae) populations.	outcrossing between genetically distant individuals in a plant population enhances allelic heterozygosity-an important source for genetic diversity and adaptive evolution. fine-scale spatial genetic structure (fsgs) can interfere with outcrossing by promoting mating between more related individuals. to test the influence of fsgs on outcrossing, fsgs and outcrossing rates were analyzed with four wild soybean (glycine soja) populations from different habitats, using simple sequence repeat (ssr) fi ...	2009	21628264
[molecular genetic analysis of wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) population structure in anthropogenic and natural landscapes of primorskii krai].	the data are presented on genetic population structure of wild soybean growing in natural and anthropogenically disturbed landscapes of primorskii krai of the russian federation. comparative analysis showed that wild soybean populations exposed to anthropogenic influence exhibited lower genetic diversity than natural populations. recommendations on conservation of the wild plant gene pools using comparative data on population genetic structures are made.	2008	18825957
effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of three salinity plants.	seeds of three halophyte species included limonium sinense kuntze, glycine soja sieb. and sorghum sudanense stapf. were used to investigate the effects of different salinity concentrations on their germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, relative germination rate, relative salt-injury rate, radicle length and hypocotyl length. results showed that seeds of g. soja can germinate well and rapidly at lower level of salt (< 200 mmol l(-1)), 50 mmol l(-1) salt concentrations is ...	2008	18819537
novel alleles among soybean bowman-birk proteinase inhibitor gene families.	trypsin inhibitors have been found in various animals, plants and microorganisms. there were two types of trypsin inhibitors in soybean including bowman-birk protease inhibitors (bbi) and kunitz inhibitors (kti). the different bbi genes from wild soybean (g. soja) and cultivated soybean (g. max) formed a multigene family. we constructed a cdna library of cultivar 'suinong 14' seed at the r7 growth stage using the smart kit. seventeen contigs or singletons were highly homologous to soybean protea ...	2008	18677596
cloning and functional characterization of an o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase-encoding gene in wild soybean (glycine soja).	the terminal step of soybean cysteine synthesis is catalyzed by o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (oas-tl, ec 2.5.1.47). in this study, we isolated and characterized an oas-tl gene from a wild soybean material (designated as gsoas-tl1). gsoas-tl1 cdna sequence showed strict conservation at both nucleotide and amino acid levels compared with that from cultivated soybean. genomic structure analysis of gsoas-tl1 indicated that it contained 10 exons and 9 introns in the coding region with conserved exon si ...	2008	17611817
allelic differentiation of kunitz trypsin inhibitor in wild soybean (glycine soja).	soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (skti) has several polymorphic types, which are controlled by co-dominant multiple alleles at a single locus. of these types, tia and tib are predominant types, and there are nine differences in amino acids between tia and tib. recently, an intermediate transitional type (tibi5) between them was detected. however, other transitional types have not been detected despite surveys of many cultivated and wild soybeans. one of the reasons why other transitional variant ...	2008	18512041
identification of soybean micrornas and their targets.	the micrornas (mirnas) are a newly identified class of small non-protein-coding regulatory rna. using comparative genomics, we identified 69 mirnas belonging to 33 families in the domesticated soybean (glycine max) as well as five mirnas in the soybean wild species glycine soja and glycine clandestine. taqman((r)) microrna assay analyses demonstrated that these mirnas were differentially expressed in soybean tissues, with certain classes expressed preferentially in both a spatiotemporal and a ti ...	2008	18815805
[genetically determined enzyme polymorphism in soy varieties (glycine max) and in wild soy (glycine soja)].	analysis of 22 genetic-biochemical systems (42 loci) in 18 varieties of domestic soybean (g. max) and in 3 population of wild soybean (g. soja) was carried out. the part of polymorphous loci (p), intraspecies genetic differentiation (genetic distances--dn) were higher in domestic plants in comparison with wild ones (p = 45%, 17%: dn = 0.038-0.269, 0.059-0129). the preferable polymorphism of loci, coding the enzymes of glycolysis and kreb's cycle was revealed in wild species. domestic soybean had ...	2008	10857206
[relationship between chloride tolerance and polyamine accumulation in glycine max, glycine soja, and their hybrid seedlings].	the seedlings of the f4 hybrid strain 'jb185' selected for salt tolerance generation by generation, their parents glycine max cv. jackson and glycine soja population 'bb52' were treated with different nacl concentrations and iso-osmotic (-0.53 mpa) peg-6000, nacl, na+ (without cl-) and cl- (without na+) solutions for 6 d. the results showed that: (1) the relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (mda) content in leaves of the above three soybean seedlings showed an increase trend when the ...	2007	17287569
highly variable patterns of linkage disequilibrium in multiple soybean populations.	prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (ld). to determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (glycine max l. merr.), we analyzed the structure of ld in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. this analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean ...	2007	17287533
proteomic and genomic characterization of kunitz trypsin inhibitors in wild and cultivated soybean genotypes.	in this study, we investigated protein and genetic profiles of kunitz trypsin inhibitors (ktis) in seeds of 16 different soybean genotypes that included four groups consisting of wild soybean (glycine soja), the cultivated soybean (g. max) ancestors of modern n. american soybean cultivars (old), modern n. american soybean (elite), and asian cultivated soybean landraces that were the immediate results of domestication from the wild soybean. proteins were well separated by two-dimensional polyacry ...	2007	16884824
qtl associated with horizontal resistance to soybean cyst nematode in glycine soja pi464925b.	soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines ichinohe; scn) is the primary disease responsible for yield loss of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.]. resistant cultivars are an effective management tool; however, the sources currently available have common resistant genes. glycine soja sieb. and zucc., the wild ancestor of domesticated soybean, represents a diverse germplasm pool with known scn resistance. the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the genetic variation and inheritance of ...	2007	17119912
an alloantibody to a high-prevalence mns antigen in a person with a gp.jl/mk phenotype.	the low-prevalence mns blood group antigentsen is located at the junction of glycophorin a (gpa) to glycophorin b (gpb) in several hybrid glycophorin molecules. extremely rare people have rbcs with a double dose of the tsen antigen and have made an antibody to a high-prevalence mns antigen. we report the first patient who is heterozygous for gyp.jl and mk. during prenatal tests,an alloantibody to a high-prevalence antigen was detected in the serum of a 21-year-old hispanic woman. the antibody de ...	2007	18284304
infection of soybean by cucumber mosaic virus as determined by viral movement protein.	to characterize the host range determinant of the soybean strain of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) we analyzed a series of pseudorecombinants and chimeric viruses between infectious transcripts from two soybean strains (cmv-sc and cmv-sd) and an ordinary strain (cmv-y). cmv-y could not infect soybeans, even locally. systemic infection of the two soybean-adapted soybean isolates on soybean plants mapped to rna3. chimeric rna3s from between cmv-sc and cmv-y, and chimeric rna3s from between cmv-sc and ...	2007	17006598
[investigation of genetically modified soybean biosafety in the center of the origin and diversity of russian far east].	wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) is the nearest relative of a soybean crop (glycine max (l.) merr.). study of population genetic structure of wild-growing relatives ofgenetically modified (gm) plants in the centers of their origin is one of the main procedures before introduction of gm crops in these areas. we have studied genetic variability of nine wild growing soya populations of primorye territory using rapd analysis. the level of g. soja genetic variability was considerably higher ...	2007	17649627
plant community succession in modern yellow river delta, china.	data were collected in different successional stages using a simultaneous sampling method and analyzed through quantitative classification method. three large groups and 12 classes were made to represent the community patterns of three succession stages and 12 succession communities. the succession series of plant community in the study area was as follows: saline bare land-->community suaeda salsa-->community tamarix chinensis-->grassland. succession degree and succession process of 12 successi ...	2007	17657854
characterization of the soybean genome using est-derived microsatellite markers.	we generated a high-density genetic linkage map of soybean using expressed sequence tag (est)-derived microsatellite markers. a total of 6920 primer pairs (10.9%) were designed to amplify simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from 63,676 publicly available non-redundant soybean ests. the polymorphism of two parent plants, the japanese cultivar 'misuzudaizu' and the chinese line 'moshidou gong 503', were examined using 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. primer pairs showing polymorphism were then u ...	2007	18192281
[effects of chilling stress under weak light on functions of photosystems in leaves of wild soybean and cultivatar soybean].	by simultaneously analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm, and detecting activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx), the effects of chilling stress under weak light on functions of photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) in leaves of a wild type soybean variety 'zyd00019' and a cultivar soybean variety 'zaoshu no.1' were investigated. the results showed that the functions of both psi and psii were damaged by the chilling st ...	2007	17675757
effect of crystal freezing and small-molecule binding on internal cavity size in a large protein: x-ray and docking studies of lipoxygenase at ambient and low temperature at 2.0 a resolution.	flash-freezing is a technique that is commonly used nowadays to collect diffraction data for x-ray structural analysis. it can affect both the crystal and molecular structure and the molecule's surface, as well as the internal cavities. x-ray structural data often serve as a template for the protein receptor in docking calculations. thus, the size and shape of the binding site determines which small molecules could be found as potential ligands in silico, especially during high-throughput rigid ...	2006	16790932
genetic spatial clustering: significant implications for conservation of wild soybean (glycine soja: fabaceae).	knowledge of spatial patterns of genetic variation within populations of wild relative species has significant implications with respect to sampling strategies for ex situ and in situ conservation. to study spatial genetic structure of wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. et zucc.) at the fine scale, three natural populations in northern china were analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) fingerprints for estimating kinship coefficients. a regression analysis of kinship coefficients agains ...	2006	17028939
characterization of storage proteins in wild (glycine soja) and cultivated (glycine max) soybean seeds using proteomic analysis.	a combined proteomic approach was applied for the separation, identification, and comparison of two major storage proteins, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, in wild (glycine soja) and cultivated (glycine max) soybean seeds. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page) with three different immobilized ph gradient (ipg) strips was an effective method to separate a large number of abundant and less-abundant storage proteins. most of the subunits of beta-conglycinin were well-separated ...	2006	16608239
population genetic structure of japanese wild soybean (glycine soja) based on microsatellite variation.	the research objectives were to determine aspects of the population dynamics relevant to effective monitoring of gene flow in the soybean crop complex in japan. using 20 microsatellite primers, 616 individuals from 77 wild soybean (glycine soja) populations were analysed. all samples were of small seed size (< 0.03 g), were directly collected in the field and came from all parts of japan where wild soybeans grow, except hokkaido. japanese wild soybean showed significant reduction in observed het ...	2006	16599960
generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from nacl-treated glycine soja.	salinization causes negative effects on plant productivity and poses an increasingly serious threat to the sustainability of agriculture. wild soybean (glycine soja) can survive in highly saline conditions, therefore provides an ideal candidate plant system for salt tolerance gene mining.	2006	16504061
differential sensitivity to chloride and sodium ions in seedlings of glycine max and g. soja under nacl stress.	high na+ and cl- concentrations in soil cause hyperionic and hyperosmotic stress effects, the consequence of which can be plant demise. ion-specific stress effects of na+ and cl- on seedlings of cultivated (glycine max (l.) merr) and wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. et zucc.) were evaluated and compared in isoosmotic solutions of cl-, na+ and nacl. results showed that under nacl stress, cl- was more toxic than na+ to seedlings of g. max. injury of six g. max cultivars, including 'jackson' (salt ...	2005	16173461
molecular analysis and physicochemical properties of electrophoretic variants of wild soybean glycine soja storage proteins.	cultivated soybeans (glycine max) are derived from wild soybeans (glycine soja) and can be crossed with them to produce fertile offspring. the latter exhibit greater genetic variation than the former, suggesting a possibility that wild soybeans contain storage proteins with properties different from and better than those of cultivated soybeans. to identify a wild soybean suitable for breeding a new soybean cultivar, we analyzed seed proteins from 390 lines of wild soybeans by electrophoresis. we ...	2005	15853416
entity evidence for differentiation between tia and tib types of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor: detection of a novel transitional variant type between tia and tib in wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.).	soybean kunit trypsin inhibitor (skti) has several polymorphic types. of these skti, there are large differences of nine amino acid substitutions between tia and tib. so far no transitional type between them has been found. a novel transitional intermediate variant between tia and tib was detected in 11 lines from 720 japanese wild soybeans (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.). this variant showed identical electrophoretic mobility to tib in the davis system polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), bu ...	2005	16228192
genetic divergence between north american ancestral soybean lines and introductions with resistance to soybean cyst nematode revealed by chloroplast haplotype.	domesticated soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] is a major crop with an established ancestral relationship to wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) native to asia. soybean genetic diversity can be assessed at different levels by identification of polymorphic alleles at genetic loci, in either the plastid or nuclear genomes. the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity based on chloroplast haplotypes for soybean genotypes present in the usda germplasm resource collection. share ...	2005	15947084
selection on glycine beta-1,3-endoglucanase genes differentially inhibited by a phytophthora glucanase inhibitor protein.	plant endo-beta-1,3-glucanases (egases) degrade the cell wall polysaccharides of attacking pathogens and release elicitors of additional plant defenses. isozymes egasea and egaseb of soybean differ in susceptibility to a glucanase inhibitor protein (gip1) produced by phytophthora sojae, a major soybean pathogen. egasea, the major elicitor-releasing isozyme, is a high-affinity ligand for gip1, which completely inhibits it, whereas egaseb is unaffected by gip1. we tested for departures from neutra ...	2005	15545660
in vitro antimycotic activity of some plant extracts towards yeast and yeast-like strains.	as part of screening aimed at the selection of novel antimycotic compounds of vegetable origin, leaf extracts of camellia sinensis l., cupressus sempervirens l. and pistacia lentiscus l. and the seed extract of glycine soja sieb. et zucc. were tested against yeast and yeast-like species implicated in human mycoses. of the extracts only those of c. sinensis (obtained from a commercial preparation of green tea) exhibited broad activity towards candida glabrata, clavispora lusitatiae, cryptococcus ...	2005	15798996
[assessment of genetic diversity of wild soybean (glycine soja siebold et zucc.) in the far eastern region of russia].	polymorphism of rapd markers was analyzed in the wild soybean populations from the far east region of russia. the level of rapd marker polymorphism was significantly higher in the wild than in the cultivated soybean. the results obtained suggest active development of genetically different groups of wild soybean. geographically isolated subpopulations showed maximum distance from the main population of wild soybean.	2004	15065430
resistance of glycine species and various cultivated legumes to the soybean aphid (homoptera: aphididae).	the soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura, is a new pest of soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., in north america. it has become widespread on soybean in north america since it was first identified in the midwest in 2000. species of rhamnus l. (buckthorn) are the primary hosts of a. glycines, and soybean is known as a secondary host. there is limited information about the secondary host range of a. glycines. aphid colonization on various legume hosts was compared in choice experiments. aphid colon ...	2004	15279293
computational identification and characterization of novel genes from legumes.	the fabaceae, the third largest family of plants and the source of many crops, has been the target of many genomic studies. currently, only the grasses surpass the legumes for the number of publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). the quantity of sequences from diverse plants enables the use of computational approaches to identify novel genes in specific taxa. we used blast algorithms to compare unigene sets from medicago truncatula, lotus japonicus, and soybean (glycine max and glycin ...	2004	15266052
identification of putative qtl that underlie yield in interspecific soybean backcross populations.	glycine soja, the wild progenitor of soybean, is a potential source of useful genetic variation in soybean improvement. the objective of our study was to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) from g. soja that could improve the crop. five populations of bc(2)f(4)-derived lines were developed using the glycine max cultivar ia2008 as a recurrent parent and the g. soja plant introduction (pi) 468916 as a donor parent. there were between 57 and 112 bc(2)f(4)-derived lines in each population and a total ...	2004	14504749
[changes of polyamines level in glycine soja and glycine max seedlings under nacl stress].	with internationally common-used glycine max (the salt-tolerant lee68) and glycine soja (the salt-sensitive n23232) as reference, this paper studied the polyamines (pas) contents and polyamine oxidase (pao) activities in the highly salt-tolerant bb52 (glycine soja) seedlings, which showed that under 150mmol x l(-1) nacl stress for 2d, the decrease of put and spd contents was more significant, but that of spd content was less significant in roots of bb52 than in those of lee68 and n23232. for lea ...	2004	15506103
multigene family for bowman-birk type proteinase inhibitors of wild soja and soybean: the presence of two bbi-a genes and pseudogenes.	genes for bowman-birk type protease inhibitors (bbis) of wild soja (glycine soja) and soybean (glycine max) comprise a multigene family. the organization of the genes for wild soja bbis (wbbis) was elucidated by an analysis of their cdnas and the corresponding genomic sequences, and compared with the counterparts in the soybean. the cdnas encoding three types of wild soja bbis (wbbi-a, -c, and -d) were cloned. two subtypes of cdnas for wbbi-a, designated wbbi-a1 and -a2, were further identified. ...	2004	15215592
a case of polyagglutination with features of th and tk activation associated with an acquired b antigen.	a case is reported of polyagglutination with features of both tk and th activation associated with an acquired b antigen. reactions with polybrene, glycine soja, and bandeiraea simplicifolia ii indicated the presence of tk activation. however, the reactivity of the patient's erythrocytes with arachis hypogoea was greatly reduced by treatment with ficin, indicating the concomitant presence of th activation.	2004	6829061
genetic characterization of a novel tib-derived variant of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor detected in wild soybean (glycine soja).	a novel variant of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (skti) was detected in 530 lines of wild soybean (glycine soja). this variant showed an intermediate electrophoretic mobility between the tia and tic types. in isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels containing urea, this variant had a similar isoelectric point as that of tia. the genetic analysis of skti bands in f2 seeds from crosses of the new variant type with tia or tic type showed that this variant type is controlled ...	2004	15060597
[salt tolerance of wild soybeans in jiangsu and its relation with ionic distribution and selective transportation].	the salt tolerance of 3 wild soybean (glycine soja) populations was compared with their relative germination and seedling emergence. the results showed that the salt tolerance of jiangsu wild soybean (jws) was the strongest. under nacl stress, the dry matter accumulation in wild soybean seedlings decreased, root/shoot ratio increased, and these effects were greater in n23232 (salt-sensitive) than in jws (salt-tolerant). determinations on the ion contents in different organs indicated that the na ...	2003	15031924
gmpap3, a novel purple acid phosphatase-like gene in soybean induced by nacl stress but not phosphorus deficiency.	purple acid phosphatases (paps) are commonly found in plants, but the physiological functions of different classes of paps are not thoroughly understood. in the present study, we identified a novel gene, gmpap3, from salt-stressed soybean using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) techniques. protein sequence alignment studies and phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested that gmpap3 belongs to the group of plant paps and pap-like proteins that are distinct from those of fungi and animals. ...	2003	14585503
assignment of molecular linkage groups to soybean chromosomes by primary trisomics.	gene-linkage groups (classical linkage groups, clgs; molecular linkage groups, mlgs) and chromosome relationship in soybean [ glycine max (l.) merr., 2n = 40] is not yet established. however, primary trisomics provide an invaluable cytogenetic tool to associate genes and linkage groups to specific chromosomes. we have assigned 11 mlgs to soybean chromosomes by using primary trisomics (2 x + 1 = 41) and ssr markers. primary trisomics were hybridized with glycine soja sieb. and zucc. (2n = 40) in ...	2003	12783169
sire1, an endogenous retrovirus family from glycine max, is highly homogeneous and evolutionarily young.	sire1 is unusual among ty1-copia retrotransposons in that it has an additional open reading frame with structural features similar to retroviral envelope proteins between pol and the 3' ltr. here we report the characterization and comparison of eight different sire1 elements derived from a soybean genomic library, as well as sire1 reverse transcriptases from glycine soja. the dna sequences of the eight sire1 elements are highly homogeneous and share greater than 95% nucleotide identity. partial ...	2003	12777503
introgression of a quantitative trait locus for yield from glycine soja into commercial soybean cultivars.	the value of exotic germplasm in broadening the genetic base of most crops has been demonstrated many times. however, the difficulties involved in working with exotic germplasm have limited their utility in plant breeding. unwanted linkages often thwart the successful incorporation of beneficial exotic genes into commercial lines. thus, the use of exotics in traditional breeding makes the process of crop improvement a tedious, time-consuming and expensive endeavor. the availability of molecular ...	2003	12595984
purification of glysojanin, an antifungal protein, from the black soybean glycine soja.	a monomeric protein, with a molecular mass of 25 kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling a segment of chitin synthase, was isolated from the seeds of the black soybean glycine soja. the protein, designated glysojanin, demonstrated potent antifungal activity against the fungi fusarium oxysporum and mycosphaerella arachidicola. it inhibited hiv-1 reverse transcriptase with an ic50 of 47 micromol/l, [methyl-3h]thymidine incorporation by mouse spleen cells with an ic50 of 175 micromol/l, and trans ...	2003	14663505
adaptation of cucumber mosaic virus soybean strains (ssvs) to cultivated and wild soybeans.	cucumber mosaic virus soybean strains formerly called soybean stunt virus (ssv) were inoculated onto 23 wild soybeans collected from four asian countries to investigate their infectivity in order to improve understanding of the co-evolution of ssvs and soybean. ssv inoculation resulted in systemic infection in most of the wild soybeans used. however, an ssv strain (ssv-in), which was isolated in indonesia, did not result in systemic infection of many of the wild soybeans distributed in southern ...	2003	12835932
[effect of sinorhizobium fredii yc4 symbiotic plasmid amplification on nod factors and symbiotic n-fixation].	sinorhizobium fredii yc4 can form nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean (glycine max) and wild soybean (g. soja). it can produce unique lipochitooligosaccharide nod factors (lcos), in comparison with the other four strains of s. fredii. the constitution of lcos produced by yc4 contained more hydrophobic substitutions detected by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) of 14c-labeled nod factors. a spontaneous mutant termed ysc3 amplified in the symbiotic plasmid was isolated from yc4, which can produce mor ...	2003	14733011
rbc t activation and hemolysis in a neonatal intensive care population: implications for transfusion practice.	reports of transfusion-associated hemolysis in infants with t-activated rbcs have led to the suggestion that infants should be screened and provided with low-titer anti-t blood components. t-activated rbcs react with the lectins arachis hypogea and glycine soja; variants of t (th and tx) and tk also react with a. hypogea, but not g. soja. although tk is not a true variant of t, for the purposes of this study, all rbcs that are reactive with a. hypogea but are not reactive with g. soja are called ...	2002	12421215
diversity of chloroplast dna ssrs in wild and cultivated soybeans: evidence for multiple origins of cultivated soybean.	soybean [ glycine max (l.) merr.] is one of the major crops in the world and was domesticated from a wild progenitor, glycine soja sieb. & zucc., in east asia. in order to address the questions concerning the evolution and maternal lineage of soybean, we surveyed the variation in chloroplast dna simple sequence repeats (cpssr) of 326 wild and cultivated soybean accessions that were collected from various asian countries. twenty-three variants were detected at six cpssrs in the accessions tested. ...	2002	12582476
purification and characterization of proteinase inhibitors from wild soja (glycine soja) seeds.	nine proteinase inhibitors, i-viia, viib, and viii, were isolated from wild soja seeds by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatographies on sp-toyopearl 650m, sephacryl s-200sf, and deae-toyopearl 650s columns. reverse-phase hplc finally gave pure inhibitors. all of the inhibitors inhibited trypsin with dissociation constants of 3.2-6.2 x 10(-9) m. some of the inhibitors inhibited chymotrypsin and elastase as well. two inhibitors (viib and viii) with a molecular weight of 20,000 ...	2002	12400689
differential expression of two soybean apyrases, one of which is an early nodulin.	two cdna clones were isolated from soybean (glycine soja) by polymerase chain reaction with primers designed to conserved motifs found in apyrases (nucleotide phosphohydrolase). the two cdnas are predicted to encode for two, distinct, apyrase proteins of approximately 50 kda (i.e., gs50) and 52 kda (i.e., gs52). phylogenetic analysis indicated that gs52 is orthologous to a family of apyrases recently suggested to play a role in legume nodulation. gs50 is paralogous to this family and, therefore, ...	2000	11043467
[segregation distortion of molecular markers in recombinant inbred populations in soybean (g. max)].	the segregation distortion of 238 molecular markers in a rils population from cultivated/semi-wild soybean cross was analysed. 29.4% of the loci were found with segregation distortion, and direction of deviation was mainly towards cultivated variety changnong 4. rapd markers have a higher distortion rate than other molecular markers.	2000	11192432
aberrant nodulation response of vigna umbellata to a bradyrhizobium japonicum nodz mutant and nodulation signals.	the (brady)rhizobium nodulation gene products synthesize lipo-chitin oligosaccharide (lco) signal molecules that induce nodule primordia on legume roots. in spot inoculation assays with roots of vigna umbellata, bradyrhizobium elkanii lco and chemically synthesized lco induced aberrant nodule structures, similar to the activity of these lcos on glycine soja (soybean). lcos containing a pentameric chitin backbone and a reducing-end 2-o-methyl fucosyl moiety were active on v. umbellata. in contras ...	1999	10494629
study of the refirming effect of a plant complex.	loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ...	1998	18505506
phylogenetic relationships of the mitochondrial genomes in the genus glycine subgenus soja.	restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of wild and cultivated soybeans were analyzed to study their phylogenetic relationships. the observed number of differences in hybridization profiles greatly varied (1-17 patterns) with both the mtdna probes and the restriction enzymes that were used. a cladistic analysis was conducted based on the rflp data. in the parsimonious tree, four distinct groups appeared among 20 accessions of the subgenus soja representing ...	1998	9880923
the nuclear ribosomal dna intergenic spacers of wild and cultivated soybean have low variation and cryptic subrepeats.	the intergenic ribosomal dna spacers (igss) from cultivated soybean (glycine max) and wild soybean (glycine soja) were sequenced and compared with six other legumes. these igs sequences were 1821 bp in length in g. soja and g. max cultivars arksoy, ransom, and tokyo, and 1823 bp long in the g. max cultivar columbus. these represent the smallest published plant igs sequences to data. two clones from each of the above five cultivars were sequenced and only 22 sites (1.2%) were polymorphic, thereby ...	1998	9644827
ultradian movements of shoots of two species of soybeans glycine soja (sieb. and zucc.) and glycine max (l.) merr.	circumnutation movements of shoot tips of two species of soybean were studied. shoot tips of glycine soja (sieb. and zucc.) moved in a counterclockwise direction with a mean period (+/- sd) of 108 +/- 9 minutes when the shoots were not handled prior to monitoring (n = 17). effects of mechanical stress or stimulation (thigmomorphogenesis) resulted in the lengthening of the mean period by 15% when shoot lengths were measured (handled) prior to monitoring movements (124 +/- 18 minutes, n = 49) or h ...	1998	9493709
evolutionary changes in the structures of the cox2 and atp6 loci in the mitochondrial genome of soybean involving recombination across small interspersed sequences.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) fragments that contained cox2 or atp6 loci were cloned from three accessions of wild soybean (glycine soja) in order to understand the evolutionary changes of mitochondrial genomes in the genus glycine subgenus soja. cox2 was cloned as a single configuration, while atp6 was cloned as either one or two configurations from each accession. structural variations were detected in the 5' upstream region of cox2 and in both the 5' upstream and 3' downstream regions of atp6. th ...	1998	9799364
small interspersed sequences that serve as recombination sites at the cox2 and atp6 loci in the mitochondrial genome of soybean are widely distributed in higher plants.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) fragments that contain cox2 and atp6 were cloned from a wild soybean (glycine soja, accession 'b09002') and from a cultivated soybean (g. max, 'harosoy'). comparison of these dnas revealed that two sets of repeated sequences, namely, 299 bp and 23 bp, were present in the 5' regions of cox2 and atp6. the 299-bp and 23-bp repeats were present close to each other on the 5' flanking region and the 5' part of the coding region of cox2 in both 'harosoy' and 'b09002', as well ...	1998	9508793
phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus glycine willd. based on sequences from the its region of nuclear rdna.	phylogenetic relationships among all 18 species of the genus glycine were inferred from nucleotide sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear ribosomal dna. pairwise sequence divergence values ranged from 0.2% (a single nucleotide) between glycine max and glycine soja to 8.6% between glycine hirticaulis and glycine falcata. the length of the its1 and its2 sequences ranged from 215 to 238 nucleotides and from 205 to 222 nucleotides, respectively, and that of 5.8 ...	1997	9061914
use of field observations to characterise genotypic flowering responses to photoperiod and temperature: a soyabean exemplar.	thirty-nine accessions of soyabean [glycine max (l.) merrill] and 1 of wild annual soyabean (glycine soja l.) were sown at two sites in taiwan in 1989 and 1990 and on six occasions during 1990 at one site in queensland, australia. on two of the occasions in australia additional treatments extended natural daylengths by 0.5 h and 2 h. the number of days from sowing for the first flower to appear on 50% of the plants in each treatment was recorded (f), and from these values the rate of progress to ...	1996	24162343
5s rrna genes in tribe phaseoleae: array size, number, and dynamics.	the organization of 5s rrna genes in plants belonging to tribe phaseoleae was investigated by clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis and southern blot hybridization. representatives of subtribe glycininae included the diploid species neonotonia wightii and teramnus labialis, as well as three soybean accessions: an elite glycine max (l.) merr. cultivar (bsr101), an unadapted g. max introduction (pi 437.654), and a wild glycine soja (pi 468.916). a cultivar of phaseolus vulgaris (k ...	1996	18469906
cooperative action of lipo-chitin nodulation signals on the induction of the early nodulin, enod2, in soybean roots.	various lipo-chitin molecules were tested for their ability to induce the expression of the early nodulin, enod2, in glycine soja roots. when inoculated separately onto g. soja roots, lco-v (c18:1 delta 11,mefuc), lco-v (c18:1 delta 9,mefuc), lco-v (c16:0,mefuc), and lco-iv (c16:0) were unable to induce enod2 expression, even though these compounds had previously been shown to induce root hair curling, the formation of nodule-like primordia, and induction of the early nodulin, enod40. enod2 expr ...	1996	8810072
expression of the early nodulin, enod40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules.	the lipo-chitin (lco) nodulation signal (nod signal) purified from bradyrhizobium japonicum induced nodule primordia on soybean (i.e. glycine soja) roots. these primordia were characterized by a bifurcated vascular connection, cortical cell division, and the accumulation of mrna of the early nodulin gene, enod40. a chemically synthesized lco identical in structure to the nod signal purified from b. japonicum cultures showed the same activity when inoculated on to soybean roots. surprisingly, syn ...	1996	8758977
nodz of bradyrhizobium extends the nodulation host range of rhizobium by adding a fucosyl residue to nodulation signals.	the nodulation genes of rhizobia are involved in the production of the lipo-chitin oligosaccharides (lco), which are signal molecules required for nodule formation. a mutation in nodz of bradyrhizobium japonicum results in the synthesis of nodulation signals lacking the wild-type 2-o-methylfucose residue at the reducting-terminal n-acetylglucosamine. this phenotype is correlated with a defective nodulation of siratro (macroptilium atropurpureum). here we show that transfer of nodz to rhizobium l ...	1996	8858593
amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) in soybean: species diversity, inheritance, and near-isogenic line analysis.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis is a pcr-based technique capable of detecting more than 50 independent loci in a single pcr reaction. the objectives of the present study were to: (1) assess the extent of aflp variation in cultivated (gycine max l. merr.) and wild soybean (g. soja siebold & zucc.), (2) determine genetic relationships among soybean accessions using aflp data, and (3) evaluate the usefulness of aflps as genetic markers. fifteen aflp primer pairs detected a to ...	1996	24162296
bradyrhizobium liaoningense sp. nov., isolated from the root nodules of soybeans.	seventeen strains of extra-slowly growing (esg) soybean rhizobia isolated from root nodules of glycine soja and glycine max growing in five provinces (liaoning, heilongjiang, shanxi, hubei, and anhui) in the people's republic of china were compared with 48 reference strains belonging to the genera bradyrhizobium, rhizobium, and agrobacterium by performing a numerical analysis of 191 phenotypic features. our results showed that all of the esg strains examined clustered closely in the genus bradyr ...	1995	7547289
structural requirements of synthetic and natural product lipo-chitin oligosaccharides for induction of nodule primordia on glycine soja.	rhizobia synthesize a class of lipo-chitin oligosaccharides that induce root hair deformation and induce the initiation of nodule structures on legume roots. these lipo-chitin oligosaccharides are tetra- and penta-lipo-oligosaccharides of n-acetylglucosamine with an acyl substitution on the nonreducing end and are commonly known as nod factors. in this study, we demonstrate that synthetic analogs of natural product nod factors have the same biological activities. to determine structure-activity ...	1995	7659753
microsatellite and amplified sequence length polymorphisms in cultivated and wild soybean.	the objectives of this study were to (i) assess the extent of genetic variation in soybean microsatellites (simple sequence repeats or ssrs), (ii) assay for amplified sequence length polymorphisms (aslps), and (iii) evaluate the usefulness of ssrs and aslps as genetic markers. five microsatellites detected a total of 79 variants (alleles) in a sample of 94 accessions of wild (glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (g. max). f2 segregation analysis of four of the five microsatellites identified the ...	1995	7672605
the glycinin a3b4 mrna from wild soybean glycine soja sieb. et zucc.		1995	7724684
a major satellite dna of soybean is a 92-base pairs tandem repeat.	we report the cloning, sequencing and analysis of the major repetitive dna of soybean (glycine max). the repeat, sb92, was cloned as several monomers and trimers produced by digestion with xhoi. the deduced consensus sequence of the repeat is 92 base pairs long. genomic sequences do not fluctuate in length. their average homology to the consensus sequence is 92%. the consensus of sb92 contains slightly degenerated homologies for several 6-cutters. therefore, many of them generate a ladder of 92- ...	1995	24174019
genetic mapping and variability of seven soybean simple sequence repeat loci.	microsatellites or simple sequence repeats are stretches of short tandemly repeated dna sequence motifs, dispersed throughout the genomes of most eukaryotes. simple sequence repeat polymorphisms (ssrps) have recently been reported in plants. here we present the genetic map position of seven different soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. and glycine soja sieb. and zucc.) ssrps contained in sequenced genes, four of which represent newly mapped positions for these genes. the other three ssrps coincided ...	1994	8001811
inheritance of polymorphic markers generated by dna amplification fingerprinting and their use as genetic markers in soybean.	dna amplification fingerprinting (daf) using a high primer-to-template ratio and single, very short arbitrary primers, was used to generate amplified fragment length polymorphic markers (aflp) in soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.). the inheritance of aflps was studied using a cross between the ancestral glycine soja pi468.397 and glycine max (l.) merr. line nts382, f1 and f2 progeny. the amplification reaction was carried out with soybean genomic dna and 8 base long oligonucleotide primers. silver ...	1994	7948860
bradyrhizobium elkanii lipo-oligosaccharide signals induce complete nodule structures on glycine soja siebold et zucc.		1994	7764873
the structures and biological activities of the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signals produced by type i and ii strains of bradyrhizobium japonicum.	bradyrhizobium japonicum produces lipo-oligosaccharide signal molecules that induce deformation of root hairs and meristematic activity on soybeans. b. japonicum usda135 (a type i strain) produces modified chitin pentasaccharide molecules with either a terminal n-c16:0- or n-c18:1-glucosamine with and without an o-acetyl group at c-6 and with 2-o-methylfucose linked to c-6 of the reducing n-acetylglucosamine. an additional molecule has n-c16:1-glucosamine and no o-acetyl group. all of these mole ...	1993	8349712
direct end labelling of telomeres.	a novel approach of direct end labelling of telomeres is presented. chromosome-sized, agarose-embedded dna was treated with t4 dna polymerase to remove protruding 3' end of telomeres and to generate single-stranded 5' ends. the dna was then labelled by the same enzyme in the presence of [alpha-32p]dgtp and cold datp and dttp. labelled yeast chromosomes separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis maintained their integrity. digestion of yeast chromosomes separated in pulsed field gels with a re ...	1993	8514152
kinetics of nodule development in glycine soja.	nodule development in the interaction of glycine soja sieb. & zucc. pi468.397 with bradyrhizobium japonicum usda110 was studied by hypochlorite clearing and methylene blue staining. even the earliest stages of nodule development could be observed. the entire length of the primary root was examined up to 15 d postinoculation. markedly curled root hairs and the first cell divisions in the hypodermal layer (stage i) were observed 2 d postinoculation, and by 3 d cell division activity had spread to ...	1993	12232007
genetic and chemical polymorphisms of saponins in soybean seed.	the variation in saponin composition in soybean seeds is explained by different combinations of five genes controlling the utilization of soyasapogenol glycosides as substrates. the function of these genes is variety-specific and organ-specific. phenotypes of over 1000 soybeans were classified into eight saponin types, and the frequency of phenotypes was different between the cultivated [glycine max (l.) merr.] and the wild soybean (g. soja sieb. & zucc.). the aabc saponin type predominated in g ...	1993	7764284
nucleotide sequence of the 5s rrna gene from glycine soja.		1992	1511128
isolation and characterization of rhizobitoxine mutants of bradyrhizobium japonicum.	to explore the role of rhizobitoxine in bradyrhizobium-legume symbiosis, 11 rhizobitoxine mutants of b. japonicum usda61 were isolated on the basis of their inability to synthesize the toxin in culture. each mutant is prototrophic and symbiotically effective on soybean, cowpea, siratro, and glycine soja. the rhizobitoxine mutants differ in their chlorosis phenotypes and rhizobitoxine production in planta. as expected, one group of mutant fail to make toxin in planta, resulting in the absence of ...	1992	1317377
molecular cloning and expression in photosynthetic bacteria of a soybean cdna coding for phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.	carotenoids are orange, yellow, or red photo-protective pigments present in all plastids. the first carotenoid of the pathway is phytoene, a colorless compound that is converted into colored carotenoids through a series of desaturation reactions. genes coding for carotenoid desaturases have been cloned from microbes but not from plants. we report the cloning of a cdna for pds1, a soybean (glycine max) gene that, based on a complementation assay using the photosynthetic bacterium rhodobacter caps ...	1991	1862081