Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| zearalenone induces immunotoxicity in mice: possible protective effects of radish extract (raphanus sativus). | radish (raphanus sativus) has been extensively studied for its preventive effects against different degenerative diseases. zearalenone (zen) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium spp and is frequently implicated in immunological disorders and occasionally in hyperoestrogenic syndromes contributing to the increased risk of cancer and other diseases. the aims of this study were, firstly, to quantitatively evaluate the tunisian radish extract (tre) for its total flavonoids, isothiocyanates and antiox ... | 2008 | 18498713 |
| inhibitory response of raphanus sativus on lipid peroxidation in albino rats. | in the present study, inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of raphanus sativus root on lipid peroxidation has been carried out in normal rats. graded doses of methanol extract of root of the plant (40, 80 and 120 mg kg(-1) body weight) were administered orally for 15 days to experimental treated rats. distilled water was administered to experimental control rats. at the end of experiment, rats were killed by decapitation after ether anesthesia. blood and liver were collected to measure thio ... | 2008 | 18317549 |
| comparison of the glucosinolate-myrosinase systems among daikon (raphanus sativus, japanese white radish) varieties. | myrosinase is a cytosolic plant enzyme present in daikon ( raphanus sativus, japanese white radish) roots that hydrolyzes 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate (mtbgls) into the natural pungent agent 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (mtbitc), which possesses antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. the concentration of mtbgls, myrosinase activity, and production of mtbitc in seven daikon varieties (one conventional and six heirlooms) were determined to rank the activity ... | 2008 | 18345631 |
| plant response to heavy metal toxicity: comparative study between the hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens (ecotype ganges) and nonaccumulator plants: lettuce, radish, and alfalfa. | thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) is one of the best-known heavy metal (hm) hyperaccumulating plant species. it exhibits the ability to extract and accumulate various hm at extremely high concentrations. in this hydroponic study, the performance of t. caerulescens (ecotype ganges) to accumulate cd, zn, and cu was compared with that of three nonaccumulator plants: alfalfa (medicago sativa), radish (raphanus sativus), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). plants were exposed to the separately disso ... | 2008 | 18528911 |
| accumulation properties of cadmium in a selected vegetable-rotation system of southeastern china. | a rotation experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three vegetable crops on red yellowish soil (rys) and silt loamy soil (sls) to study cd accumulation in pak choi ( brassica chinensis l.), tomato ( lycopersicon esculentum), and radish ( raphanus sativus l.). critical cd concentrations in the two soils were evaluated for these vegetables based on human dietary toxicity. cadmium was added as cd(no 3) 2 at a rate of 0-7.00 mg cd kg (-1) soil. shoot growth was not inhibited by cd except for r ... | 2008 | 18593175 |
| uptake of sigmaddt, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead by lettuce and radish grown in contaminated horticultural soils. | horticultural soils can contain elevated concentrations of selected trace elements and organochlorine pesticides as a result of long-term use of agrichemicals and soil amendments. a glasshouse study was undertaken to assess the uptake of weathered sigmaddt {sum of the p, p'- and o, p-isomers of ddt [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane], dde [1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] and ddd[1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane]}, arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), ... | 2008 | 18624413 |
| kaiware daikon (raphanus sativus l.) extract: a naturally multipotent chemopreventive agent. | brassica vegetables are attracting major attention as healthy foods because of their content of glucosinolates (gls) that release the corresponding isothiocyanates (itcs) upon myrosinase hydrolysis. a number of studies have so far documented the chemopreventive properties of some itcs. on the other hand, single nutrients detached from the food itself risk being somewhat "reductive", since plants contain several classes of compounds endowed with a polyhedral mechanism of action. our recent findin ... | 2008 | 18665601 |
| transgenic tobacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens. | defensins are small positively charged, antimicrobial peptides (approximately 5 kda in size) and some of them exhibit potent antifungal activity. we have cloned the complete cdna containing an orf of 243 bp of a defensin of mustard. the deduced amino acid sequence of the peptide showed more than 90% identity to the amino acid sequence of the well-characterized defensins, rsafp-1 and rsafp-2 of raphanus sativus. we have generated and characterized transgenic tobacco and peanut plants constitutive ... | 2008 | 18758784 |
| transcriptional responses to exposure to the brassicaceous defence metabolites camalexin and allyl-isothiocyanate in the necrotrophic fungus alternaria brassicicola. | summary alternaria brassicicola is the causative agent of black spot disease of brassicaceae belonging to the genera brassica and raphanus. during host infection, a. brassicicola is exposed to high levels of antimicrobial defence compounds such as indolic phytoalexins and glucosinolate breakdown products. to investigate the transcriptomic response of a. brassicicola when challenged with brassicaceous defence metabolites, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed to generate two c ... | 2007 | 20507491 |
| metabolic fate of nicotinamide in higher plants. | metabolism of [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was surveyed in various plant materials including the model plants, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and lotus japonicus. in all plants studied, nicotinamide was used for the pyridine (nicotinamide adenine) nucleotide synthesis, probably after conversion to nicotinic acid. radioactivity from [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was incorporated into trigonelline (1-n-methylnicotinic acid) and/or into nicotinic acid 1n-glucoside (na-glc). trigonelline is formed ma ... | 2007 | 18251891 |
| a novel locus involved in extracellular polysaccharide production and virulence of xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (xcc) is the causal agent of black rot disease in cruciferous plants. the extracellular polysaccharide (eps) produced by xcc is an important pathogenicity factor and also has a range of industrial uses. in preliminary work a number of transposon-mediated insertion mutants in xcc with defects in eps production were identified. here, one of these mutated loci was investigated in detail. six orfs within the locus (orfs xc3811-3816) were disrupted by plasmi ... | 2007 | 17322194 |
| identification of new isolates of turnip mosaic virus that cluster with less common viral strains. | turnip mosaic virus (tumv) was found infecting cultivated brassicas and wild and cultivated ornamental brassicaceae plants in different regions of spain. five new tumv isolates, originating from different host plant species (brassica cretica, brassica juncea, brassica napus, eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa and sisymbrium orientale), have been identified. the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (cp) genes of the five isolates were determined. phylogenetic analysis of the cp sequences showed th ... | 2007 | 17347771 |
| aqueous extract from spanish black radish (raphanus sativus l. var. niger) induces detoxification enzymes in the hepg2 human hepatoma cell line. | spanish black radish (raphanus sativus l. var. niger) is a member of the cruciferae family that also contains broccoli and brussels sprouts, well-known to contain health-promoting constituents. spanish black radishes (sbr) contain high concentrations of a glucosinolate unique to the radish family, glucoraphasatin, which represents >65% of the total glucosinolates present in sbr. the metabolites of glucosinolates, such as isothiocyanates, are implicated in health promotion, although it is unclear ... | 2007 | 17616135 |
| streptomyces turgidiscabies secretes a novel virulence protein, nec1, which facilitates infection. | emergence of new, economically important plant-pathogenic species in the mostly saprophytic genus streptomyces involves acquisition of a large, mobile pathogenicity island (pai). biosynthetic genes for a phytotoxin, thaxtomin a, are contained on this pai. the nec1 protein has necrogenic activity on excised potato tuber tissue, and the encoding gene is highly conserved in plant-pathogenic streptomyces spp. the g+c content of nec1 indicates lateral transfer from an unrelated taxon; however, the nu ... | 2007 | 17555268 |
| biostimulation of pah degradation with plants containing high concentrations of linoleic acid. | many plant species enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. this research identified phytochemicals that stimulate pyrene degradation using crushed roottissues from 43 plants that were screened in soil spiked with 100 ppm pyrene. among the plants tested, root tissues from apium graveolens (celery), raphanus sativus (radish), solanum tuberosum (potato), and daucus carota (carrot) were most effe ... | 2007 | 17626440 |
| protective role of raphanus sativus root extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. | the methanol extract of raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (sgot), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (sgpt), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. administrati ... | 2007 | 17685094 |
| differing effects of water-soluble and fat-soluble extracts from japanese radish (raphanus sativus) sprouts on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | we have shown previously that japanese radish (raphanus sativus) sprouts (jrs) improve blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. in this study, we investigated the components in jrs that caused this hypoglycemic effect, by examining the effects of water-soluble (wse) and fat-soluble (fse) extracts of jrs on diabetes markers in normal (nm) and streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic (dm) rats. the nm and dm rats were divided into a control group and 2 test groups (wse (2.2%) or fse (0.2%)), with the r ... | 2007 | 17874832 |
| efficacy of raphanus sativus in the treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. | in the present study, the efficacy of a methanol extract of raphanus sativus root (rsme) is tested in albino rats that developed hepatic damage due to administration of paracetamol (100 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. twenty rats were divided into three experimental groups (e1, e2, e3) and one control group (ec). two doses of rsme (80 and 120 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to e1 and e2, respectively, and a mixture of rsme (120 mg/kg) and paracetamol (100 mg/kg) was administered to e ... | 2007 | 17910278 |
| the role of glucose kinase in carbohydrate utilization and extracellular polysaccharide production in xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. | the genome of the xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (xcc) strain 8004 encodes three uncharacterized proteins, xc1166, xc1223 and xc1976, annotated as glucose kinase (glk) by bioinformatic studies. here we have investigated the biochemical characteristics and physiological roles of these proteins with particular reference to the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide (eps). xc1166, xc1223 and xc1976 were overexpressed as fusion proteins with a his(6) affinity tag and purified by nicke ... | 2007 | 18048941 |
| phosphorylation of h2ax histones in response to double-strand breaks and induction of premature chromatin condensation in hydroxyurea-treated root meristem cells of raphanus sativus, vicia faba, and allium porrum. | histone h2a variant h2ax is rapidly phosphorylated on the induction of dna double-strand breaks by ionizing radiation and hydroxyurea-mediated replication arrest, resulting in the formation of gamma-h2ax foci along megabase chromatin domains nearby the sites of incurred dna damage. in an attempt to establish a relationship between species-specific nuclear architecture and h2ax phosphorylation in s/g(2) phase-arrested root meristem cells, immunocytochemical comparisons using an antibody raised ag ... | 2007 | 17111099 |
| requirement of a mip-like gene for virulence in the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | macrophage infectivity potentiators (mips) are fkbp domain-containing proteins reported as virulence factors in several human pathogens, such as members of genera legionella, salmonella and chlamydia. the putative peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) encoded by xc2699 of the plant bacterial pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 exhibits a 49% similarity at the amino-acid level to the mip protein of legionella pneumophila. this mip-like gene, xc2699, was overexpressed in esch ... | 2007 | 17249419 |
| antifungal pisum sativum defensin 1 interacts with neurospora crassa cyclin f related to the cell cycle. | plant defensins, components of the plant innate immune system, are cationic cysteine-rich antifungal peptides. evidence from the literature [thevissen, k., et al. (2003) peptides 24, 1705-1712] has demonstrated that patches of fungi membrane containing mannosyldiinositolphosphorylceramide and glucosylceramides are selective binding sites for the plant defensins isolated from dahlia merckii and raphanus sativus, respectively. whether plant defensins interact directly or indirectly with fungus int ... | 2007 | 17240982 |
| phytotoxicity and accumulation of anthracene applied to the foliage and sandy substrate in lettuce and radish plants. | the effects of anthracene (ant) on the growth of two species of vegetable plants (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.), which play an important role in the human diet, were studied. ant was applied to the leaves of these plants by foliar deposition, in aerosol form, and to the sandy substrate in which the plants were grown in a greenhouse. it was found that ant affected plant biomass, especially root biomass, in the case of both foliar and soil application. under conditions of induced chem ... | 2007 | 16368141 |
| the antifungal activity of rsafp2, a plant defensin from raphanus sativus, involves the induction of reactive oxygen species in candida albicans. | rsafp2 (raphanus sativus antifungal peptide 2), an antifungal plant defensin isolated from seed of r. sativus, interacts with glucosylceramides (glccer) in membranes of susceptible yeast and fungi and induces membrane permeabilization and fungal cell death. however, using carboxyfluorescein-containing small unilamellar vesicles containing purified glccer, we could not observe permeabilization as a consequence of insertion of rsafp2 in such vesicles. therefore, we focused on a putative rsafp2-ind ... | 2007 | 17827975 |
| an ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of important medicinal folklore food phytonims of flora of samahni valley, (azad kashmir) pakistan. | ethnobotanical knowledge is one of the precious cultural heritage parts of an area that involves the interaction between plants and people and foremost among these are the management of plant diversity by indigenous communities and the traditional use of medicinal plants. an ethnobotanical analysis was conducted in order to document the traditional medicinal uses of plants, particularly medicinally important folklore food phytonims of flora of samahni valley, azad kashmir (pakistan). in the vall ... | 2007 | 19070189 |
| radish seed extract mediates its cardiovascular inhibitory effects via muscarinic receptor activation. | in this study, we describe the hypotensive, cardio-modulatory and endothelium-dependent vasodilator actions of raphanus sativus (radish) seed crude extract in an attempt to provide scientific basis for its traditional use in hypertension. the plant extract (rs.cr) was prepared in distilled water and was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard analytical procedures. in vivo blood pressure was monitored in anaesthetized normotensive rats. isolated tissue preparations were suspended in ... | 2006 | 16448395 |
| selenium species bioaccessibility in enriched radish (raphanus sativus): a potential dietary source of selenium. | an in vitro gastrointestinal method was employed to predict the potential bioavailability of selenium and its species from radish, belonging to the brassicaceae family, grown in hydroponics media in the presence of inorganic selenium, such as na2seo3 and na2seo4. a low transformation of se into organic forms was observed in radish plants grown in se(vi)-enriched culture media. on the contrary, in those plants exposed to selenite, >95% of the total selenium was found as selenocystine (secys2), se ... | 2006 | 16536627 |
| complete nucleotide sequences and genome characterization of double-stranded rna 1 and rna 2 in the raphanus sativus-root cv. yidianhong [corrected]. | four distinct double-stranded (ds) rna bands were extracted from leaves of raphanus sativus-root cv. yidianhong [corrected] with yellowing at the leaf edge in china. purified viral particles of 28-30 nm in diameter contained dsrna segments with the same number and mobility as these extracted directly from radish leaves. the two major dsrna segments, namely rasr 1 and rasr 2, were 1866 and 1791 bp in length, respectively. computer analysis predicted that they both contained a single open reading ... | 2006 | 16369860 |
| effect of radish (raphanus sativus linn.) on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats. | cruciferous plants viz. cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, radish, mustard etc. that contain goitrogenic/antithyroid substances, constitute a portion of regular human diet. the effect of chronic feeding of fresh and cooked radish, r. sativus under varying state of iodine intake on morphological and functional status of thyroid in albino rats was evaluated by thyroid gland morphology and histology, thyroid peroxidase activity, serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin levels. the consumption p ... | 2006 | 16924836 |
| a plant mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase: its precise localization and higher enzymatic activity. | a novel cdna of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx), which encodes a functional protein capable of complementing the yeast phghx-deletion mutant, was recently discovered in radish (raphanus sativus) and designated as rsphgpx [yang x-d, li w-j, liu j-y (2005) biochim biophys acta 1728:199-205]. sequence alignment suggested that rsphgpx contains a targeting peptide required for transport to mitochondria, but the experimental evidence for the exact intracellular distribution o ... | 2006 | 16944266 |
| [potential allelopathic effects of piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium]. | with piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium as the donators, this paper studied their potential allelopathic effects on the germination and growth of zea mays, glycine max, cucurbita moschata, arachis hypogaea, raphanus sativus, echinochloa crusgalli, digitaria sanguinalis and stylosanthes guianensis. the results showed that the aqueous extracts of these donators could inhibit the germination and growth of z. mays, g. max, c. moschata, e. crus-galli and d. sanguinalis at high concen ... | 2006 | 17147171 |
| behavior of glucosinolates in pickling cruciferous vegetables. | crucifer species, which include widely consumed vegetables, contain glucosinolates as secondary metabolites. cruciferous vegetables are consumed in japan in salt-preserved or pickled form as well as cooked and raw fresh vegetables. in this study, changes in contents of glucosinolates during the pickling process were investigated. 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate, a major glucosinolate in the root of japanese radish, daikon (raphanus sativus l.), was detected in pickled products with a short ... | 2006 | 17147429 |
| antioxidant and choleretic properties of raphanus sativus l. sprout (kaiware daikon) extract. | brassica vegetables and glucosinolates contained therein are supposed to reduce the risk of cancer and to possess health-promoting properties. the benefits of a brassica-based diet may be particularly expressed by eating sprouts, in which the glucosinolate content is higher than in mature vegetables. with this in mind, a first objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) sprouts (kaiware daikon) extract (kde), in which the glucosinolate gluco ... | 2006 | 17177500 |
| effect of japanese radish (raphanus sativus) sprout (kaiware-daikon) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | no information is available about the effects of japanese radish sprout (jrs) on diabetes. to clarify the effects, the influence of jrs on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. the rats were fed a diet containing 0%, 2.5% or 5% of jrs ad libitum for 21 days. compared with the corresponding control groups, the jrs-fed normal rats showed lower plasma levels of total cholesterol (tc), triglycerides (tg), phospholipids (pl), fructosam ... | 2006 | 16557609 |
| identification of isolates that cause a leaf spot disease of brassicas as xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani and pathogenic and genetic comparison with related pathovars. | abstract twenty-five xanthomonas isolates, including some isolates received as either x. campestris pv. armoraciae or pv. raphani, caused discrete leaf spot symptoms when spray-inoculated onto at least one brassica oleracea cultivar. twelve of these isolates and four other xanthomonas isolates were spray- and pin-inoculated onto 21 different plant species/cultivars including horseradish (armoracia rusticana), radish (raphanus sativus), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). the remaining 13 leaf ... | 2006 | 18943147 |
| raphanus sativus and its isothiocyanates inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and induce g(1) cell cycle arrest. | mu (raphanus sativus, korean white radish) crude extract (mu-ce) has been studied for its anti-proliferative activity on mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. the abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) is a prominent feature of vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, restenosis after angioplasty. we examined the mechanisms of the action of mu-ce on vsmc proliferation. the viability of vsmc decreased to 35% at 24 h of treatment with mu-ce. treatment of mu-ce showed potent inhibit ... | 2006 | 16546717 |
| [genomic in situ hybridization in intergeneric hybrids between raphanus sativus and brassica oleracea]. | genomic in situ hybridization (gish) was applied to study the meiosis of f1 plants from intergeneric hybrids between radish (raphanus sativus, 2n=18, rr) and cabbage (brassica oleracea, 2n=18, cc). the result showed that its somatic cells had the expected chromosomes, rc, 2n=18; but the pollen mother cells (pmcs) were different. there were three main kinds of pmcs. the first one was rc (2n=18), and the mean chromosome pairing pattern was 14.87i+1.20ii+0.04iii+0.06iv on diakinesis. gish indicated ... | 2006 | 16825175 |
| hybridization between oilseed rape (brassica napus) and different populations and species of raphanus. | when cultivating genetically modified varieties, the spontaneous gene flow between crop and wild relatives could be of concern. we analyzed spontaneous hybridization between a transgenic male-sterile line of oilseed rape (brassica napus, 2n = 38, aacc) and, as pollen donors, three european populations of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum, 2n = 18, rr,rr) and a variety of cultivated radish (raphanus sativus, 2n = 18, rr). seeds showed size and shape dimorphism that correlated to the frequency of ... | 2006 | 16978570 |
| [feeding preference of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) larva to its hosts]. | the feeding experiment with different sorts of brassica vegetable crops showed that plutella xylostella larva preferred the seedlings of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.) and caixin (brassica campestris l.) to those of rape (brassica napus l.) and cabbage (brassica olereacea l.), with a selection proportion of 93.33% and 6.67% between chinese cabbage and rape, and of 16.67% and 83.33% between cabbage and caixin. on the whole, the feeding preference of p. xylo ... | 2006 | 16964942 |
| a comparison of concentration ratios for technetium and nutrient uptake by three plant species. | technetium (tc) is a non-essential element for which accumulation mechanisms in plants have recently been discussed, but only from the viewpoint of existence of anion transport proteins in plant cells. in this study, using three kinds of plants (cucumis sativus l., raphanus sativus l., and brassica chinensis l.), uptake of tc and re (a chemical analogue of tc) were observed. the results showed that tc and re uptake occurred not only with water mass flow or active nutrient uptake, but also with u ... | 2005 | 15893799 |
| [allelopathic effects of cultured cucurbita moschata root exudates]. | by using the techniques of tissue culture, bio-assay and laboratory analysis, this paper studied the effects of the allelopathic chemicals from pumpkin (cucurbita moschata) roots on the seed germination and seedling growth of pumpkin, wheat (triticum aestivum), and radish (raphanus sativus). the pumpkin root was cultured on a sterile b5 media, and the concentrations of macro- and microelements, organic supplements and hormones in the media were adjusted by using an orthogonal design. after cultu ... | 2005 | 16011180 |
| beet leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) settling behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants. | experiments were conducted to determine the settling behavior, survival, and reproduction of the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker), when maintained on selected host plants. this leafhopper was recently identified in the columbia basin of washington and oregon as the probable vector of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, causal agent of several vegetable crop diseases, including potato purple top. plants selected for study were sugar beet, beta vulgaris l.; ra ... | 2005 | 16539100 |
| development of a filter assay for measuring homogalacturonan: alpha-(1,4)-galacturonosyltransferase activity. | alpha-(1,4)-galacturonosyltransferases (galats) catalyze the addition of (1,4)-linked alpha-d-galacturonosyl residues onto the nonreducing end of homogalacturonan chains. the nucleotide-sugar donor for the enzymatic reaction is uridine diphospho-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid (udp-d-galpa). many galat activity assays are based on the incorporation of d-[(14)c]galpa from udp-d-[(14)c]galpa onto exogenously added homogalacturonan acceptors. reactions based on this method can be time-consuming becau ... | 2005 | 16005842 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel phgpx gene in raphanus sativus. | a full-length cdna encoding putative phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx) was cloned from raphanus sativus. the cdna, designated rsphgpx, includes an open reading frame which encodes 197 amino acid residues. the alignment of amino acid sequences showed that rsphgpx had the highest sequence homology to plant phgpx and contained an n-terminal extension characteristic of a mitochondrial targeting peptide. northern blot analysis indicated that rsphgpx was constitutively and ubiq ... | 2005 | 15777688 |
| transformation of radish (raphanus sativus l.) via sonication and vacuum infiltration of germinated seeds with agrobacterium harboring a group 3 lea gene from b. napus. | a protocol for producing transgenic radish (raphanus sativus) was obtained by using both ultrasonic and vacuum infiltration assisted, agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the agrobacterium strain lba4404 contained the binary vector pbi121-lea (late embyogenesis abundant), which carried a group 3 lea gene, from brassica napus. among six combinations, agrobacterium-mediated transformation assisted by a combination of 5-min sonication with 5-min vacuum infiltration resulted in the highest transfo ... | 2005 | 15843933 |
| differences in cell death induction by phytophthora elicitins are determined by signal components downstream of map kinase kinase in different species of nicotiana and cultivars of brassica rapa and raphanus sativus. | elicitins are small, secreted proteins produced by species of the plant-pathogenic oomycete phytophthora. they induce hypersensitive cell death in most nicotiana species and in some cultivars of brassica rapa and raphanus sativus. in this study, two true-breeding fast cycling b. rapa lines were established that showed severe necrosis (line 7-r) or no visible response (line 18-nr) after treatment with elicitin. unexpectedly, microscopic examination revealed localized cell death in line 18-nr plan ... | 2005 | 15980203 |
| uptake and transport of radioactive nickel and cadmium into three vegetables after wet aerial contamination. | knowledge of radionuclide or trace element retention and translocation to plants following an aerial contamination event, for example, sprinkling with contaminated water, is necessary for the evaluation of human exposure through consumption of contaminated vegetables. the fate of 63ni and 109cd in all plant parts of three different vegetables after wet deposition on leaves or on fruits was studied. lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) grown ... | 2005 | 16091602 |
| antioxidant effect of squeezed juice from black radish (raphanus sativus l. var niger) in alimentary hyperlipidaemia in rats. | black radish (raphanus sativus l. var. niger) root has been used in folk medicine since antiquity as a natural drug for the stimulation of bile function. according to in vitro studies the squeezed juice from black radish root exhibited significant antioxidant properties. in the present study, the beneficial effect of the black radish juice on some free radical reactions in rats fed with a diet rich in lipids (20% sunflower oil, 2% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid in normal chow) was examined. thiob ... | 2005 | 16161062 |
| mutations in turnip mosaic virus genomes that have adapted to raphanus sativus. | the genetic basis for virulence in potyviruses is largely unknown. earlier studies showed that there are two host types of turnip mosaic virus (tumv); the brassica/raphanus (br)-host type infects both brassica and raphanus systemically, whereas the brassica (b)-host type infects brassica fully and systemically, but not raphanus. the genetic basis of this difference has been explored by using the progeny of an infectious clone, p35tunos; this clone is derived from the uk1 isolate, which is of the ... | 2005 | 15659771 |
| determination of major carotenoids in a few indian leafy vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography. | leafy vegetables [basella rubra l., peucedanum sowa roxb., moringa oleifera lam., trigonella foenum-graecum l., spinacia oleracea l., sesbania grandiflora (l.) poir., and raphanus sativus l.] that are commonly used by the rural population in india were evaluated in terms of their main carotenoid pattern. the extracted carotenoids were purified by open column chromatography (occ) on a neutral alumina column to verify their identity by their characteristic uv-visible absorption spectra. reverse-ph ... | 2005 | 15826027 |
| gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable carbon isotopic investigations of organic residues of plant oils and animal fats employed as illuminants in archaeological lamps from egypt. | man's use of illuminants in lamps or as torches to extend the working day and range of environments accessible to him would have been a major technological advance in human civilisation. the most obvious evidence for this in the archaeological record comes from pottery and stone vessels showing sooting due to the use of a wick in conjunction with a lipid-based fuel or illuminant. a wide range of potential fuels would have been exploited depending upon availability and burning requirements. repor ... | 2005 | 15912234 |
| tissue-dependent distribution and accumulation of chlorobenzenes by vegetables in urban area. | five seasonal vegetables from three growing sites in hangzhou city, zhejiang province, were studied for the levels of four chlorobenzenes(cbs): o-dichlorobenzene (o-dcb), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dcb), m-dichlorobenzene (m-dcb), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-tcb). samples of each vegetable from each site were subdivided into leaves, stems, and roots, and these subsamples were analyzed separately for the levels of accumulated cbs. relations between the levels of cbs in vegetables with the total o ... | 2005 | 16002141 |
| the zinc uptake regulator zur is essential for the full virulence of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | zur is a regulator of the high-affinity zinc uptake system in many bacteria. in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004, a putative protein encoded by the open reading frame designated as xc1430 shows 42% amino acid similarity with the zur of escherichia coli. an xc1430-disrupted mutant 1430nk was constructed by homologous suicide plasmid integration. 1430nk failed to grow in rich medium supplemented with zn2+ at a concentration of 400 microm and in nonrich medium supplemented with zn2+ at a ... | 2005 | 16042011 |
| gastrointestinal stimulatory and uterotonic activities of dietary radish leaves extract are mediated through multiple pathways. | raphanus sativus, commonly known as radish, is a food plant known worldwide for its culinary and medicinal properties especially as a laxative and abortifacient. this study reports the gastrointestinal and uterine tone modulatory activities of the crude extract (rl.cr) of radish leaves. rl.cr, showing the presence of saponins and alkaloids, exhibited a spasmogenic effect (0.03-10 mg/ml) in isolated rabbit jejunum, rat stomach fundus and uterus which was partially blocked by atropine. in contrast ... | 2005 | 16220566 |
| isolation of 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate from raphanus sativus sprouts (kaiware daikon) and its redox properties. | the most promising among glucosinolates (gls) are those bearing in their aglycon an extra sulfur function, such as glucoraphasatin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl gl; grh) and glucoraphenin (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl gl; gre). the gre/grh redox couple is typically met among secondary metabolites of raphanus sativus l. and, whereas gre prevails in seeds, grh is the major gl in full-grown roots. during the 10 days of sprouting of r. sativus seeds, the gre and grh contents were determined according to the ... | 2005 | 16366671 |
| cloning of dehydrin coding sequences from brassica juncea and brassica napus and their low temperature-inducible expression in germinating seeds. | a novel subclass of dehydrin genes, homologous to the raphanus sativus late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) protein (rslea2) and the arabidopsis thaliana dehydrin, was isolated from brassica juncea and brassica napus, here designated bjdhn1 and bndhn1, respectively. the cdna of bjdhn1 and bndhn1 genes share 100% nucleotide identity. the encoded protein is predicted to consist of 183 amino acid residues (molecular mass of 19.2 kda and pi of 7.0). it shares 85.3% and 65.4% amino acid sequence identit ... | 2005 | 15763669 |
| [effects of cultured astragalus adsurgens root on other plants growth]. | by using orthogonal design, this paper investigated the growth of cultured prairie milk vetch (astragalus adsurgens) root on the b5 medium with different contents of sucrose, macro-and microelements and organic supplements, and adopting the method of filter paper-culture in petri-dish, studied the effects of a. adsurgens culture filtrate on the seedling growth of radish (raphanus sativus) and wheat (triticum aestivum). the results showed that the effect of a. adsurgens culture filtrate on r. sat ... | 2005 | 16011183 |
| tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation of cytochrome b561 genes in arabidopsis thaliana and raphanus sativus. | ascorbate (asc) is an essential molecule in many aspects of development and stress responses in plants and animals. cytochromes b561 (cyts b561) are tightly coupled to asc homeostasis. these proteins are found in mammalian tissues, where they are involved in the regeneration of asc, serving the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, and in intestinal iron reduction. plant genomes encode homologous membrane-associated, asc-reducible cyts b561. the expression of these proteins in plants, ho ... | 2004 | 15032866 |
| diversification and alteration of recognition specificity of the pollen ligand sp11/scr in self-incompatibility of brassica and raphanus. | the recognition specificity of the pollen ligand of self-incompatibility (sp11/scr) was investigated using brassica rapa transgenic plants expressing sp11 transgenes, and sp11 of raphanus sativus s-21 was found to have the same recognition specificity as that of b. rapa s-9. in a set of three s haplotypes, whose sequence identities of sp11 and srk are fairly high, r. sativus s-6 showed the same recognition specificity as brassica oleracea s-18 and a slightly different specificity from b. rapa s- ... | 2004 | 15548734 |
| reproduction of heterodera schachtii schmidt on resistant mustard, radish, and sugar beet cultivars. | the reproduction of a wyoming population of heterodera schachtii was determined for resistant trap crop radish (raphanus sativus) and mustard (sinapis alba) cultivars, and resistant and susceptible sugar beet (beta vulgaris) cultivars in a greenhouse (21 degrees c/16 degrees c) and a growth chamber study (25 degrees c). oil radish cultivars also were field tested in 2000 and 2001. in the greenhouse study, reproduction was suppressed similarly by the resistant sugar beet cultivar nematop and all ... | 2004 | 19262796 |
| transfer of resistance against the beet cyst nematode from radish (raphanus sativus) to rape (brassica napus) by monosomic chromosome addition. | in rape ( brassica napus), no resistance to the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii is available. this study was carried out to determine the specific chromosome(s) of resistant radish ( raphanus sativus) carrying the gene(s) for nematode resistance as a prequisite to convert rape from a host into a trap crop for this pest. a raphanobrassica progeny of 25 plants was analyzed which segregated for all nine chromosomes of the raphanus genome in a genetic background of synthetic rape. the ... | 2004 | 14991110 |
| copper and zn uptake by radish and pakchoi as affected by application of livestock and poultry manures. | environmental safety of agricultural utilization of livestock and poultry manures from intensive farming is attracting great attention because the manures often contain high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. pot experiments, in which a pig manure (pm), a chicken manure (cm) and a commercial organic manure (om) with different concentrations of cu and zn to simulate soil metal accumulation by manure application for different times were utilized in a garden soil at a rate of 2% ... | 2004 | 15722088 |
| defensins from insects and plants interact with fungal glucosylceramides. | growth of the yeast species candida albicans and pichia pastoris is inhibited by rsafp2, a plant defensin isolated from radish seed (raphanus sativus), at micromolar concentrations. in contrast, gcs-deletion mutants of both yeast species are resistant toward rsafp2. gcs genes encode udp-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferases, which catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of the membrane lipid glucosylceramide. in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding assay, rsafp2 was found to in ... | 2004 | 14604982 |
| variation of female frequency and cytoplasmic male-sterility gene frequency among natural gynodioecious populations of wild radish (raphanus sativus l.). | in gynodioecious plant populations, sex determination often involves both cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms) genes and specific nuclear genes that restore male function. how gynodioecy is maintained under the joint dynamics of cms and restorer genes remains controversial. although many theoretical models deal with interactions between cms genes and restorer genes with sexual phenotypes and predict changes in their frequencies, it is difficult to observe the frequencies because no molecular markers ... | 2004 | 15245417 |
| water channel activity of radish plasma membrane aquaporins heterologously expressed in yeast and their modification by site-directed mutagenesis. | plants contain a number of aquaporin isoforms. we developed a method for determining the water channel activity of individual isoforms of aquaporin. six plasma membrane aquaporins (rspips) and two vacuolar membrane aquaporins (rstips) of radish (raphanus sativus) were expressed heterologously in saccharomyces cerevisiae bj5458, which is deficient in endogenous functional aquaporin. aquaporins were detected by immunoblot analysis with corresponding antibodies. water permeability of membranes from ... | 2004 | 15295065 |
| pharmacological basis for the gut stimulatory activity of raphanus sativus leaves. | the crude extract of raphanus sativus leaves (rl.cr) showed a dose-dependent (0.03-5.0 mg/ml) spasmogenicity in guinea-pig ileum and colon. the effect was insensitive to atropine pre-treatment but was completely abolished by pyrilamine indicating involvement of histaminergic (h(1)) receptors. the contractile effect at high doses (3.0-5.0mg/ml) was followed by relaxation. rl.cr also enhanced the transit of charcoal meal in mice at 30-100 mg/kg. the petroleum spirit, chloroform and aqueous fractio ... | 2004 | 15507331 |
| purification and cloning of a chinese red radish peroxidase that metabolise pelargonidin and forms a gene family in brassicaceae. | an anionic peroxidase rsprx1 was purified (rz=3.0) and characterized from roots of chinese red radish (raphanus sativus var. niger, brassicaceae). the specific activity of rsprx1 (micromol mg(-1) min(-1)) is 413.5 (ferulic acid); 258.7 (abts); 177.3 (caffeic acid) and 10.0 (guaiacol acid). the optimum ph is 4.0 (citrate buffer) using abts as substrate. rsprx1 can utilise the red pigment present in the root, pelargonidin, as substrate and the specific activity is 93.6 micromol mg(-1) min(-1). the ... | 2004 | 15588587 |
| conversion of the carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins in roots of raphanus sativus using several glycosidase inhibitors. | an attempt was made to convert the n-glycan structures in raphanus sativus seeds during germination with a view to develop a method for regulating the n-glycan structures using glycosidase inhibitors. the n-glycan structures of glycoproteins in the roots of seedlings germinated for three days were analyzed by hydrazinolysis followed by n-acetylation, pyridylamination and hplc. pyridylaminated sugar chains obtained in the absence of the inhibitors had plant type structures consisting of man(3)fuc ... | 2004 | 15625323 |
| differential antifungal and calcium channel-blocking activity among structurally related plant defensins. | plant defensins are a family of small cys-rich antifungal proteins that play important roles in plant defense against invading fungi. structures of several plant defensins share a cys-stabilized alpha/beta-motif. structural determinants in plant defensins that govern their antifungal activity and the mechanisms by which they inhibit fungal growth remain unclear. alfalfa (medicago sativa) seed defensin, msdef1, strongly inhibits the growth of fusarium graminearum in vitro, and its antifungal acti ... | 2004 | 15299136 |
| bayesian analysis of botanical epidemics using stochastic compartmental models. | a stochastic model for an epidemic, incorporating susceptible, latent, and infectious states, is developed. the model represents primary and secondary infection rates and a time-varying host susceptibility with applications to a wide range of epidemiological systems. a markov chain monte carlo algorithm is presented that allows the model to be fitted to experimental observations within a bayesian framework. the approach allows the uncertainty in unobserved aspects of the process to be represente ... | 2004 | 15302941 |
| occurrence of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in tropical and subtropical plants of western ghats, india. | endophytic bacteria were isolated from the tissues of surface sterilized roots, stems, and leaves of fifty different crop plants. phenotypic, biochemical tests and species-specific pcr assay permitted identification of four isolates of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus from root tissues of carrot (daucus carota l.), raddish (raphanus sativus l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and coffee (coffea arabica l.). further the plant growth promoting traits such as nitrogenase activity, production of phytoh ... | 2004 | 15462523 |
| an important determinant of the ability of turnip mosaic virus to infect brassica spp. and/or raphanus sativus is in its p3 protein. | turnip mosaic virus (tumv, genus potyvirus, family potyviridae) infects mainly cruciferous plants. isolates tu-3 and tu-2r1 of tumv exhibit different infection phenotypes in cabbage (brassica oleracea l.) and japanese radish (raphanus sativus l.). infectious full-length cdna clones, ptuc and ptur1, were constructed from isolates tu-3 and tu-2r1, respectively. progeny virus derived from infections with ptuc induced systemic chlorotic and ringspot symptoms in infected cabbage, but no systemic infe ... | 2004 | 15218194 |
| phytoextraction of heavy metals by canola (brassica napus) and radish (raphanus sativus) grown on multicontaminated soil. | phytoextraction can provide an effective in situ technique for removing heavy metals from polluted soils. the experiment reported in this paper was undertaken to study the basic potential of phytoextraction of brassica napus (canola) and raphanus sativus (radish) grown on a multi-metal contaminated soil in the framework of a pot-experiment. chlorophyll contents and gas exchanges were measured during the experiment; the heavy metal phytoextraction efficiency of canola and radish were also determi ... | 2004 | 15276270 |
| uptake and translocation of phytochemical 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) in radish seeds and seedlings. | the molecular aspects of phytochemical interactions between plants, especially the process of phytochemical translocation by the target plant, remain challenging for those studying allelopathy. 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) is a natural chemical produced by rye (secale cereale) and is known to have phytotoxic effects on weed seeds and seedlings. the translocation of boa into target plants has been poorly investigated. therefore, the total absorption of [ring u 14c] boa was estimated by oxidizing whole ... | 2004 | 15181106 |
| the effects of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in two contaminated mediterranean soils. | two heavy metal contaminated calcareous soils from the mediterranean region of spain were studied. one soil, from the province of murcia, was characterised by very high total levels of pb (1572 mg kg(-1)) and zn (2602 mg kg(-1)), whilst the second, from valencia, had elevated concentrations of cu (72 mg kg(-1)) and pb (190 mg kg(-1)). the effects of two contrasting organic amendments (fresh manure and mature compost) and the chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) on soil fractionation of ... | 2003 | 12531318 |
| delimitation of the fertility restorer locus rfk1 to a 43-kb contig in kosena radish (raphanus sativus l.). | we are pursuing a positional cloning strategy to isolate the fertility restoration gene rfk1 from radish. random polymorphic dna-sequence-tagged site (rapd-sts) markers tightly linked to the gene in radish were isolated, and a rapd map surrounding the rfk1 locus was constructed. we surveyed 948 f2 plants with adjacent rapd-sts markers to isolate recombinants for bulk segregant analysis. this analysis was effective in isolating tightly linked amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp) mark ... | 2003 | 12712328 |
| phytotoxicity to and uptake of enrofloxacin in crop plants. | phytotoxicity of enrofloxacin on crop plants cucumis sativus, lactuca sativa, phaseolus vulgaris and raphanus sativus was determined in a laboratory model: the effect of 50, 100 and 5000 microgl(-1) were evaluated after 30 days exposure by measuring post-germinative growth of primary root, hypocotyl, cotyledons and leaves. concentrations between 50 and 5000 microgl(-1) induced both toxic effect and hormesis in plants, by significantly modifying both length of primary root, hypocotyl, cotyledons ... | 2003 | 12821004 |
| toxicity of copper in sewage sludge. | sewage sludge is a source of organic matter and nutrients, but a major obstacle for its recycling is that the municipal wastewater sludge has low but significant levels of contaminants. this investigation, on the acute toxicity of copper in sewage sludge, was conducted with three organisms, daphnia magna, lemna minor and raphanus sativus (seeds). the toxicity of the leakage water from sewage sludge spiked with cuso(4) was studied for 64 days. the toxicity increased during the first 8-16 days and ... | 2003 | 12605925 |
| antioxidant constituents of radish sprout (kaiware-daikon), raphanus sativus l. | methanol extracts of 11 kinds of commonly available vegetables were examined for hydroxyl radical scavenging potency using the bleomycin-fe method. in this method, the iron ion and bleomycin in water form hydroxyl radicals, and the scavenging activity is monitored by the modified thiobarbituric acid method. all extracts showed scavenging capacity, even though the activity of some of them was lower than that of l-ascorbic acid. those vegetables were classified into three groups according to their ... | 2003 | 14690397 |
| effects of pulp mill solids and three composts on early growth of tomatoes. | compost has been proposed as a means of simultaneously diverting organic materials from landfills while producing a valuable product that improves tilth, organic matter content and nutrient supply of agricultural soils. composts manufactured from different source materials may have markedly different properties however, even if they meet all regulatory requirements. we compared the capacity of composts made from three different combinations of organic wastes (horse manure and bedding, mink farm ... | 2003 | 12798121 |
| inhibition of mutagenicity of food-derived heterocyclic amines by sulphoraphene--an isothiocyanate isolated from radish. | the naturally derived isothiocyanate, sulphoraphene [4-isothiocyanato-(1r)-(methylsulphinyl)-1-(e)-butene], isolated from seeds of radish ( raphanus sativus l., cruciferae) was investigated for its antigenotoxic effects against a battery of cooked food mutagens (heterocyclic amines) in the ames salmonella/reversion assay using salmonella typhimurium ta98 (frame-shift mutation sensitive) and ta100 (base -pair mutation sensitive) bacterial strains in the presence of aroclor 1254 induced rat liver ... | 2003 | 12624832 |
| "chitin-specific" peroxidases in plants. | the activity of various plant peroxidases and the ability of their individual isoforms to bind chitin was studied. some increase in peroxidase activity was observed in crude extracts in the presence of chitin. activated peroxidases of some species fell in the fraction not sorbed on chitin and those of other species can bind chitin. only anionic isoperoxidases from oat (avena sativa), rice (oryza sativa), horseradish (armoracia rusticana), garden radish (raphanus sativus var. radicula), peanut (a ... | 2003 | 12693984 |
| growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by root exudates of brassicaceae plants: role of degraded compounds of indole glucosinolates. | brassicaceae plants are nonmycorrhizal. they were found to inhibit va mycorrhizal infection in their host plants. we tested if they can influence growth of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi. when roots and leaves of brassicaceae plants and ecm fungi were cultured together in the same petri dishes, the root exudates of turnip (brassica rapa), swede (b. napobrassica), cabbage (b. oleracea, var. capitata), broccoli (b. oleracea, var. italica plenck), kohlrobi (b. caulorapa pasq.), mustard (b. juncea), ra ... | 2003 | 12918920 |
| essential oils from mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. | the essential oils obtained from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.), thyme (thymus vulgaris l.), and savory (satureja montana l.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by gc and gc-ms and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (chenopodium album, portulaca oleracea, and echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (raphanus sativus, capsicum annuum, and lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their po ... | 2003 | 14518938 |
| somatic hybrids between arabidopsis thaliana and cytoplasmic male-sterile radish (raphanus sativus). | somatic hybrids were produced by protoplast fusion between arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia and a male-sterile radish line ms-gensuke ( raphanus sativus) with the ogura cytoplasm. forty-one shoots were differentiated from the regenerated calli and established as shoot cultures in vitro. about 20 of these shoots were judged to be hybrids based on growth characteristics and morphology. molecular analyses of 11 shoots were performed, confirming the hybrid features. of these 11 shoots, eight we ... | 2003 | 12827437 |
| isolation of phytotoxic compounds from tree-of-heaven (ailanthus altissima swingle). | the aqueous root extract of ailanthus altissima showed allelopathic activity against radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. "saxa"), garden cress (lepidium sativum l.), and purslane (portulaca oleracea l.) seeds. a bioassay-oriented purification of active extracts, chromatographic fractions, and compounds demonstrated dose-dependent activity on germination and radicle growth of test seeds; radish seed was the most sensitive to allelochemicals. active compounds have been isolated: ailanthone, ailanthino ... | 2003 | 12590453 |
| identification of the fertility restoration locus, rfo, in radish, as a member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. | ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in radish (raphanus sativus) is caused by an aberrant mitochondrial gene, orf138, that prevents the production of functional pollen without affecting female fertility. rfo, a nuclear gene that restores male fertility, alters the expression of orf138 at the post-transcriptional level. the ogura cms/rfo two-component system is a useful model for investigating nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, as well as the physiological basis of fertility restoration. using ... | 2003 | 12740605 |
| effects of black radish root (raphanus sativus l. var niger) on the colon mucosa in rats fed a fat rich diet. | the effect of black radish root (raphanus sativus l. var niger) was studied on the structure and redox state of the colon mucosa in fat-rich diet fed rats. the epithelial lining disrupted, the number of enterocytes and the goblet cells reduced and inflammatory cells were observed in rats fed with a fat-rich diet. after treatment with granules from black radish root all of the histopathological changes and parameters of the redox state caused by the fat-rich diet were improved. the structure of t ... | 2002 | 12410553 |
| effects of oxidizing adulterants on detection of 11-nor-delta9-thc-9-carboxylic acid in urine. | bleach, nitrite, chromate, and hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase are effective urine adulterants used by the illicit drug users to conceal marijuana-positive results. methods for detecting nitrite and chromate are available. effects of other oxidizing agents that could possibly be used as adulterants and are difficult to detect or measure are presented in this report. urine samples containing 40 ng/ml of 11-nor-delta9-thc-9-carboxylic acid (thc-acid) were treated with 10 mmol/l of commonly available ... | 2002 | 12423000 |
| equilibrium dialysis measurements of the ca2+-binding properties of recombinant radish vacuolar ca2+-binding protein expressed in escherichia coli. | vacuoles of radish (raphanus sativus) contained a ca2+-binding protein (rvcab) of 43 kda. we investigated the ca2+-binding properties of the protein. rvcab was expressed in escherichia coli and was purified from an extract by ion-exchange chromatography, nitrocellulose membrane filtration, and gel-filtration column chromatography. ca2+-binding properties of the recombinant protein were examined by equilibrium dialysis with 45ca2+ and small dialysis buttons. the protein was estimated to bind 19ca ... | 2002 | 12506976 |
| nmr solution structure of attp, an arabidopsis thaliana trypsin inhibitor. | the three-dimensional structure of the precursor form of the arabidopsis thaliana trypsin inhibitor (att(p), genbank entry z46816), a 68-residue (approximately 7.5 kda) rapeseed class proteinase inhibitor, has been determined in solution at ph 5.0 and 25 degrees c by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the protein contains one alpha-helix and two strands of antiparallel beta-sheet, with a type iv beta-turn connecting the two strands. the alpha-helix and the inhibitory loop are connecte ... | 2002 | 12369816 |
| assessing potential risks from exposure to natural uranium in well water. | over 50% of the wells in the nambe region of northern new mexico exceed the us environmental protection agency's recommended drinking water standard of 20 microg l(-1) for 238u; the highest in the area was measured at 1,200 microg u l(-1). uranium uptake was estimated in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), squash (cucurbita pepo), lettuce (lactuca scarriola), and radish (raphanus sativus) irrigated with nambe well water containing <1, 150, 500, and 1,200 microg u l(-1). plant uptake and human dose ... | 2002 | 11848150 |
| reducing environmental bias when measuring natural selection. | crucial to understanding the process of natural selection is characterizing phenotypic selection. measures of phenotypic selection can be biased by environmental variation among individuals that causes a spurious correlation between a trait and fitness. one solution is analyzing genotypic data, rather than phenotypic data. genotypic data, however, are difficult to gather, can be gathered from few species, and typically have low statistical power. environmental correlations may act through traits ... | 2002 | 12487346 |
| transgenic expression in arabidopsis of a polyprotein construct leading to production of two different antimicrobial proteins. | we developed a method for expression in arabidopsis of a transgene encoding a cleavable chimeric polyprotein. the polyprotein precursor consists of a leader peptide and two different antimicrobial proteins (amps), dmamp1 originating from dahlia merckii seeds and rsafp2 originating from raphanus sativus seeds, which are linked by an intervening sequence ("linker peptide") originating from a natural polyprotein occurring in seed of impatiens balsamina. the chimeric polyprotein was found to be clea ... | 2002 | 11950983 |
| potential of a novel antibiotic, 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate, as a biocontrol agent against fusarial wilt of crucifers. | screening for newer bioactive compounds from microbial metabolites resulted in the isolation of a novel antibiotic from the culture filtrate, streptomyces sp 201, of a soil. the bioactive compound, with antifungal and antibacterial activity, was identified as 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate. the antifungal activity of live culture, culture broth and the isolated bioactive compound showed marked inhibition against dominant soil-borne phytopathogens such as fusarium oxysporum schlect, f moniliforme s ... | 2002 | 11975177 |
| vernalization, photoperiod and ga3 interact to affect flowering of japanese radish (raphanus sativus chinese radish jumbo scarlet). | raphanus sativus l. chinese radish jumbo scarlet has characteristics that make it an excellent plant model for vernalization studies. this study further characterizes flower induction of r. sativus chinese radish jumbo scarlet. seed were imbibed in distilled water containing 0, 10-5 m or 10-3 m ga3 for 24 h and were then exposed to 6 +/- 0.5 degrees c (vernalized) for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 days. seedlings were then grown under a short- (8 h) or long-day photoperiod (8 h with or without a 4-h night in ... | 2002 | 12060249 |
| a study of the phylogeny of brassica rapa, b. nigra, raphanus sativus, and their related genera using noncoding regions of chloroplast dna. | there are two evolutionary lineages in the genus brassica: the rapa/oleracea lineage and the nigra lineage. using nuclear dna sequences such as the intergenic spacer between 5s rrna genes and the internal transcribed spacer between 18s and 25s rrna genes, we and others had previously demonstrated that raphanus sativus is closely related to the nigra lineage. in the present study, we sequenced the chloroplast noncoding region between trnt and trnf and that between trnd and trnt in seven species a ... | 2002 | 12069556 |
| identification and classification of s haplotypes in raphanus sativus by pcr-rflp of the s locus glycoprotein (slg) gene and the s locus receptor kinase (srk) gene. | polymorphism of the s-locus glycoprotein (slg) and s-locus receptor kinase (srk) genes in raphanus sativus was analyzed by pcr-rflp using slg- and srk-specific primers. twenty four inbred lines of r. sativus could be grouped into nine s haplotypes. dna fragments of slg alleles specifically amplified from five s haplotypes by pcr with class-i slg-specific primers showed different profiles upon polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after digestion with restriction endonucleases. the five r. sativus s ... | 2002 | 12582578 |
| [production and cytogenetics of hybrids of ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria x raphanus sativus x brassica napus]. | crosses of ogura cms brassica campestris var. purpuraria x raphanus sativus x brassica napus were made and four hybrids were produced. one plant (prn-1) was mosaic with yellow and milk white flowers and some flowers had both yellow and white petals. the others (prn-2, -3, -4) had white flowers. prn-4 had degenerated anthers, the other three had three to six anthers and could produce some pollens, but the pollens of prn-2 were unstainable by i2-ki solution. prn-2 had four normal honey glands, prn ... | 2002 | 12043578 |
| evolution of phenotypic integration in brassica (brassicaceae). | phenotypic integration is a necessary characteristic of living organisms that results from genetic, developmental, and functional relationships among traits. the nature of these relationships can be influenced by the environment. we examined patterns of phenotypic integration of six species of rapid cycling brassica and of raphanus sativus within a phylogenetic context. specifically, we tested the hypothesis that hybrid species show intermediate levels of integration in morphological and life-hi ... | 2002 | 21665666 |