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the anticonvulsant activity of a flavonoid-rich extract from orange juice involves both nmda and gaba-benzodiazepine receptor complexes.the usage of dietary supplements and other natural products to treat neurological diseases has been growing over time, and accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids possess anticonvulsant properties. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a flavonoid-rich extract from orange juice (oje) in some rodent models of epilepsy and to explore its possible mechanism of action. the genetically audiogenic seizures (ags)-susceptible dba/2 mouse, the pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizure ...201627657037
assessment of genetic diversity of tunisian orange, citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck using microsatellite (ssr) markers.citrus are one of the most cultivated crops in the world. economically, they are very important fruit trees in tunisia. little is known about the genetic diversity of the tunisian citrus germplasm. exploring this diversity is a prerequisite for the identification and characterization of the local germplasm to circumvent and controlling genetic erosion caused by biotic and abiotic stress to aid its conservation and use. in the present study, we explored the genetic diversity of 20 tunisian orange ...201627323057
yield, esterification degree and molecular weight evaluation of pectins isolated from orange and grapefruit peels under different conditions.orange (citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (citrus paradise) peels were used as a source of pectin, which was extracted under different conditions. the peels are used under two states: fresh and residual (after essential oil extraction). organic acid (citric acid) and mineral acid (sulfuric acid) were used in the pectin extraction. the aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of extraction conditions on pectin yield, degree of esterification "de" and on molecular weight "mw". results showed t ...201627644093
antioxidant activity of oils extracted from orange (citrus sinensis) seeds.due to the increasing production of food in the world with consequent increase of the production of waste, the importance of developing researches for its use is noticed. thus, the interest in vegetable oils with bioactive compounds, such as the ones extracted from fruit seeds, is growing. therefore, the present study aims to characterize the oils extracted from seeds of hamlin, natal, pera-rio and valencia orange varieties (citrus sinensis), as to the levels of total carotenoids, total phenolic ...201627254458
evaluation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxytetracycline and its control effect against citrus huanglongbing via trunk injection.citrus huanglongbing (hlb) or greening is a devastating bacterial disease that has destroyed millions of trees and is associated with phloem-residing 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (las) in florida. in this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxytetracycline in planta and its control effect against hlb via trunk injection. las-infected 'hamlin' sweet orange trees on 'swingle' citrumelo rootstock at the early stage of decline were treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (ot ...201627482624
rapid discrimination of bergamot essential oil by paper spray mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis.a novel approach for the rapid discrimination of bergamot essential oil from other citrus fruits oils is presented. the method was developed using paper spray mass spectrometry (ps-ms) allowing for a rapid molecular profiling coupled with a statistic tool for a precise and reliable discrimination between the bergamot complex matrix and other similar matrices, commonly used for its reconstitution. ambient mass spectrometry possesses the ability to record mass spectra of ordinary samples, in their ...201627460885
a simple and rapid hplc-pda ms method for the profiling of citrus peels and traditional italian liquors.a chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of peels and preparations based on different species of citrus was developed in order to obtain a complete profile of the constituents, including flavonoids and protoalkaloids. commercial peels of sweet orange, lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit were analyzed. seventeen constituents including flavanones, flavones, polymethoxyflavones, and protoalkaloids were identified by hplc-pda, hplc-ms, and hplc-ms/ms using a compari ...201627280933
biolistic transformation of carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis osb. × poncirus trifoliata l. raf.).the development of transgenic citrus plants by the biolistic method. a protocol for the biolistic transformation of epicotyl explants and transgenic shoot regeneration of immature citrange rootstock, cv. carrizo (citrus sinensis osb. × poncirus trifoliata l. raf.) and plant regeneration is described. immature epicotyl explants were bombarded with a vector containing the nptii selectable marker and the gfp reporter. the number of independent, stably transformed tissues/total number of explants, r ...201627277128
homologues of cslob1 in citrus function as disease susceptibility genes in citrus canker.the lateral organ boundary domain (lbd) genes encode a group of plant-specific proteins that function as transcription factors in the regulation of plant growth and development. citrus sinensis lateral organ boundary 1 (cslob1) is a member of the lbd family and functions as a disease susceptibility gene in citrus bacterial canker (cbc). thirty-four lbd members have been identified from the citrus sinensis genome. we assessed the potential for additional members of lbd genes in citrus to function ...201627276658
aluminum toxicity-induced alterations of leaf proteome in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance.seedlings of aluminum-tolerant 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) and al-intolerant 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) were fertigated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 and 1.2 mm alcl₃·6h₂o. al toxicity-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and the decrease of total soluble protein only occurred in c. grandis leaves, demonstrating that c. sinensis had higher al tolerance than c. grandis. using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq), we obtained more al toxicity-respon ...201627455238
enhanced acquisition rates of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' by the asian citrus psyllid (hemiptera: liviidae) in the presence of vegetative flush growth in citrus.the asian citrus psyllid preferentially feeds and exclusively reproduces on young, newly emerged flush shoots of citrus. asian citrus psyllid nymphs feed and complete their life stages on these flush shoots. recent studies conducted under greenhouse conditions have shown that the transmission rates of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' (clas), the putative causal agent of huanglongbing disease of citrus, are enhanced when flush shoots are present. however, it is unclear if clas acquisition by m ...201627451998
long-term boron-excess-induced alterations of gene profiles in roots of two citrus species differing in boron-tolerance revealed by cdna-aflp.boron (b) toxicity is observed in some citrus orchards in china. however, limited data are available on the molecular mechanisms of citrus b-toxicity and b-tolerance. using cdna-aflp, we identified 20 up- and 52 down-regulated genes, and 44 up- and 66 down-regulated genes from excess b-treated citrus sinensis and citrus grandis roots, respectively, thereby demonstrating that gene expression profiles were more affected in the latter. in addition, phosphorus and total soluble protein concentration ...201627446128
repellent activity of botanical oils against asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri (hemiptera: liviidae).the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama, is the insect vector of the pathogen causing huanglongbing. we selected three botanical oils to evaluate behavioral activity against d. citri. in laboratory olfactometer assays, fir oil was repellent to d. citri females, while litsea and citronella oils elicited no response from d. citri females. in choice settling experiments, d. citri settled almost completely on control plants rather than on plants treated with fir oil at a 9.5 mg/day relea ...201627429006
tetraploidy enhances boron-excess tolerance in carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis l. osb. × poncirus trifoliata l. raf.).tetraploidy modifies root anatomy which may lead to differentiated capacity to uptake and transport mineral elements. this work provides insights into physiological and molecular characters involved in boron (b) toxicity responses in diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) plants of carrizo citrange (citrus sinensis l. osb. × poncirus trifoliata l. raf.), a widely used citrus rootstock. with b excess, 2x plants accumulated more b in leaves than 4x plants, which accounted for their higher b uptake and r ...201627252717
population fluctuation of ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae) as a function of altitude in eastern guatemala.population fluctuations of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) were evaluated over a period of 12 mo in four altitudinal strata (400-750, 750-1,100, 1,100-1,450, and 1,450-1,800 meters above sea level, masl) in eastern guatemala. within each altitudinal range, sampling plots were established in coffee plantations and adjacent areas, in which jackson traps were set and baited with trimedlure. coffee berries and other host fruits were collected. population density was lowest at the 400-750 masl stratum ...201627247307
comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a global insight into molecular processes regulating citrate accumulation in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).citrate, the predominant organic acid in citrus, determines the taste of these fruits. however, little is known about the synergic molecular processes regulating citrate accumulation. using 'dahongtiancheng' (citrus sinensis) and 'bingtangcheng' (c. sinensis) with significant difference in citrate, the objectives of this study were to understand the global mechanisms of high-citrate accumulation in sweet orange. 'dahongtiancheng' and 'bingtangcheng' exhibit significantly different patterns in ci ...201627507765
identification and transcript profiles of citrus growth-regulating factor genes involved in the regulation of leaf and fruit development.growth-regulating factor (grf) is an important protein in ga-mediated response, with key roles in plant growth and development. however, it is not known whether or how the grf proteins in citrus to regulate organ size. in this study, nine citrus grf genes (csgrf1-9) were validated from the 'anliu' sweet orange (al, citrus sinensis cv. anliu) by pcr amplification. they all contain two conserved motifs (qlq and wrc) and have 3-4 exons. the transcript levels of genes were detected by qrt-pcr. trans ...201627491940
draft genome sequence of curtobacterium sp. strain er1/6, an endophytic strain isolated from citrus sinensis with potential to be used as a biocontrol agent.herein, we report a draft genome sequence of the endophytic curtobacterium sp. strain er1/6, isolated from a surface-sterilized citrus sinensis branch, and it presented the capability to control phytopathogens. functional annotation of the ~3.4-mb genome revealed 3,100 protein-coding genes, with many products related to known ecological and biotechnological aspects of this bacterium.201627856581
ars-media for excel: a spreadsheet tool for calculating media recipes based on ion-specific constraints.ars-media for excel is an ion solution calculator that uses "microsoft excel" to generate recipes of salts for complex ion mixtures specified by the user. generating salt combinations (recipes) that result in pre-specified target ion values is a linear programming problem. excel's solver add-on solves the linear programming equation to generate a recipe. calculating a mixture of salts to generate exact solutions of complex ionic mixtures is required for at least 2 types of problems- 1) formulati ...201627812202
metabolomic comparative analysis of the phloem sap of curry leaf tree (bergera koenegii), orange jasmine (murraya paniculata), and valencia sweet orange (citrus sinensis) supports their differential responses to huanglongbing.orange jasmine, murraya paniculata and curry leaf tree, bergera koenegii are alternative hosts for diaphorina citri, the vector of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas), the pathogen of huanglongbing (hlb) in citrus. d. citri feeds on the phloem sap where clas grows. it has been shown that orange jasmine was a better host than curry leaf tree to d. citri. in addition, clas can infect orange jasmine but not curry leaf tree. here, we compared the phloem sap composition of these 2 plants to the ...201627763819
protective effects of sweet orange, unshiu mikan, and mini tomato juice powders on t-bhp-induced oxidative stress in hepg2 cells.the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of juice powders from sweet orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck], unshiu mikan (citrus unshiu marcow), and mini tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.), and their major flavonoids, hesperidin, narirutin, and rutin in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp)-induced oxidative stress in hepg2 cells. the increased reactive oxygen species and decreased glutathione levels observed in t-bhp-treated hepg2 cells were ameliorated by pretreatment with juice ...201627752497
comparative analysis of mirnas and their target transcripts between a spontaneous late-ripening sweet orange mutant and its wild-type using small rna and degradome sequencing.fruit ripening in citrus is not well-understood at the molecular level. knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of citrus fruit ripening at the post-transcriptional level in particular is lacking. here, we comparatively analyzed the mirnas and their target genes in a spontaneous late-ripening mutant, "fengwan" sweet orange (mt) (citrus sinensis l. osbeck), and its wild-type counterpart ("fengjie 72-1," wt). using high-throughput sequencing of small rnas and rna degradome tags, we identified 107 kn ...201627708662
c- and o-glycosyl flavonoids in sanguinello and tarocco blood orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) juice: identification and influence on antioxidant properties and acetylcholinesterase activity.sanguinello and tarocco are the blood orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) cultivars most diffused worldwide. reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with ms-ms analysis showed that these two varieties have a similar chromatographic pattern, characterised by the presence of c- and o-glycosyl flavonoids. of the two, sanguinello was found to be far richer in flavonoids than tarocco. in the juices, twelve individual components were identified for the first time, namely, four c-glycosyl flavone ...201626593535
metabolic changes in citrus leaf volatiles in response to environmental stress.citrus plants are well known as a rich source of vocs, and several have important roles in defense responses. however, how vocs are regulated in response to environmental stress is not yet well understood. in this study, we investigated dynamic changes of vocs present in leaves of seven citrus species (citrus sinensis, c. limon, c. paradisi, c. unshiu, c. kinokuni, c. grandis, and c. hassaku) in response to mechanical wounding, jasmonic acid (ja), and salicylic acid (sa) as determined by gas chr ...201626188419
field evaluation of plant defense inducers for the control of citrus huanglongbing.huanglongbing (hlb) is currently the most economically devastating disease of citrus worldwide and no established cure is available. defense inducing compounds are able to induce plant resistance effective against various pathogens. in this study the effects of various chemical inducers on hlb diseased citrus were evaluated in four groves (three with sweet orange and one with mandarin) in florida (united states) for two to four consecutive growing seasons. results have demonstrated that plant de ...201626390185
olfactory response of anastrepha striata (diptera: tephritidae) to guava and sweet orange volatiles.the behavioral responses of virgin and mated female anastrepha striata schiner (diptera: tephritidae) to guava (psidium guajava l.) or sweet orange (citrus sinensis l.) were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two-choice tests in field cages. the results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control (unbaited trap). the physiological state (virgin or mated) of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. combined analysis o ...201625800723
[effectiveness of antimicrobial formulations for acne based on orange (citrus sinensis) and sweet basil (ocimum basilicum l) essential oils].currently, the antimicrobial resistance has developed in bacterial strains involved in the development of acne. therefore, alternatives to antibiotic treatment have become necessary.201623235794
the effect of gender and ethnicity on children's attitudes and preferences for essential oils: a pilot study.aromatherapy is frequently recommended for children but children's preferences for specific essential oils are not well documented.201617681258
correlation between classification in risk categories and clinical aspects and outcomes.to correlate classification in risk categories with the clinical profiles, outcomes and origins of patients.201627982310
constitution of the juice lipids of the florida valencia orange (citrus sinensis l.). 201614840502
anti-quorum sensing activity of some medicinal plants.quorum sensing is the key regulator of virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa such as biofilm formation, motility, productions of proteases, hemolysin, pyocyanin, and toxins. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of the extracts from some medicinal plants on quorum sensing and related virulence factors of p. aeruginosa.201628487896
gas chromatographic determination of fenpropimorph residues in citrus fruit.a rapid gas chromatographic method for determining fenpropimorph residues in citrus fruit is reported. the fungicide is extracted with hexane after ph adjustment of the fruit homogenate. a short liquid-liquid partitioning process is performed before gas chromatography on an ov-17 column with nitrogen-phosphorus specific detection. the limit of detection of the method was 0.01 mg/kg, based on a 25 g sample. recovery was always higher than 70%. fenpropimorph residues in "washington navel" oranges ...20163771458
[study on hplc fingerprint and chemical constituent difference of different species of aurantii fructus immaturus].this study is to establish an hplc fingerprint by hplc-dad method and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 17 components of 18 batches of citrus aurantium and 10 batches of c. sinensis. the separation was performed on an agilent poroshell 120 sb-c₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) column with the gradient elution of methanol-0.1% formic acid water, the flow was 0.6 ml•min⁻¹. the detection wavelength was set at 318 nm. the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. the data calculation was performed with ...201628920382
ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients.essential oils have been used as remedies for a long time in different cultures across the world. however, scientific proof of such application is scarce. we included 72 patients between the ages of 22 and 57 while waiting for dental treatment in our study. the participants were assigned to either a control group (14 men, 23 women) or to an odor group (18 men and 17 women). ambient odor of orange was diffused in the waiting room through an electrical dispenser in the odor group whereas in the co ...201611134689
effect of benzyladenine on recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of grapevine and citrus cultured in vitro.the effect of n6-benzyladenine (ba) on the recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of the ln33 hybrid (vitis l.) and troyer citrange [poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. x citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck.] cultured in vitro was examined. for the ln33 hybrid, the presence of ba in the recovery medium was essential for survival of control and cryopreserved shoot tips, although the ba concentration did not influence the survival percentage. ba at 5, 2, and 5 microm or higher induced callus formation in control, ...201614566389
proteomic analysis highlights the role of detoxification pathways in increased tolerance to huanglongbing disease.huanglongbing (hlb) disease is still the greatest threat to citriculture worldwide. although there is not any resistance source in the citrus germplasm, a certain level of moderated tolerance is present. a large-scale analysis of proteomic responses of citrus may help: 1) clarifying physiological and molecular effects of disease progression, 2) validating previous data at transcriptomic level, and 3) identifying biomarkers for development of early diagnostics, short-term therapeutics and long-te ...201627465111
[study on the rapid detection of triazophos residues in flesh of navel orange by using surface-enhanced raman scattering].surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) and quick pre-treatment technology were used to detect triazophos residues in flesh of navel orange. quantitative analysis model was developed by partial least squares (pls) algorithm. sers of different concentration (0.5 to 20 mg x l(-1)) triazophos juice solution with flesh extract as the matrix were collected by laser raman spectrometer. three preprocessing methods such as normalization, msc and snv were used to optimize raman signals and pls models ...201627400516
hesperidin alleviates rat postoperative ileus through anti-inflammation and stimulation of ca(2+)-dependent myosin phosphorylation.postoperative ileus (poi) is a postoperative dysmotility disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which remains one of the most perplexing problems in medicine. in the present study we investigated the effects of hesperidin, a major flavonoid in sweet oranges and lemons, on poi in rats.201627345626
comparing the use of laboratory-reared and field-collected thaumatotibia leucotreta (lepidoptera: tortricidae) larvae for demonstrating efficacy of postharvest cold treatments in citrus fruit.some of south africa's export markets require postharvest cold treatment of citrus fruit for phytosanitary risk mitigation for thaumatotibia leucotreta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: tortricidae). an alternative to a standalone cold treatment may be a reduced intensity cold treatment as a step in a systems approach. for cold treatment trials, large numbers of larvae are required. due to recent dramatic improvement of t. leucotreta control in the field, sufficient naturally infested citrus fruit are no ...201627341890
survival strategies of citrus rootstocks subjected to drought.two citrus rootstocks, rangpur lime (rl) and sunki maravilha mandarin (sm), were analyzed either ungrafted or grafted with their reciprocal graft combinations or with shoot scions of two commercial citrus varieties: valencia orange (vo) and tahiti acid lime (tal). all graft combinations were subjected to distinct watering regimes: well-watered, severe drought and rehydration. growth and water relation parameters, gas exchange as well as sugar and hormone profiles were determined. data indicated ...201627996018
exploring the diversity in citrus fruit colouration to decipher the relationship between plastid ultrastructure and carotenoid composition.differentiation of new and characteristic plastid ultrastructures during ripening of citrus fruits in both peel and pulp appears to be strongly correlated with the content and complement of carotenoids. most of the species of the citrus genus display a wide range in fruit colouration due to differences in carotenoids; however, how this diversity is related and may contribute to plastid differentiation and ultrastructure is currently unknown. to that end, carotenoid profile and plastid ultrastruc ...201526202736
content evaluation of 4 furanocoumarin monomers in various citrus germplasms.due to the furanocoumarin compounds in the fruit, the production and consumption of grapefruit have been affected in the past decades since the 'grapefruit juice effect' was declared. to provide elite germplasm and obtain knowledge for future citrus breeding programs, the contents of 4 furanocoumarin monomers (fcms) in the juice sacs from 73 citrus germplasms were evaluated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin and bergamottin were dominant in all the tested g ...201525977000
phospholipids and terpenes modulate caco-2 transport of açaí anthocyanins.anthocyanins (anc) are common polyphenolics in plants, but are poorly absorbed into the bloodstream upon consumption. phospholipids (pl) and terpenes (tp) may serve as enhancing agents in absorption. this study evaluated their role in transepithelial transport within a caco-2 cell monolayer-model system and impact on anc stability. açaí fruit anc were isolated and found to transport, at a low rate (1.22%), in the absence of soy lecithin phospholipids and valencia orange terpenes, yet their addit ...201525577079
population dynamics of chaff scale, parlatoria pergandii comstock in comparative analysis of fluctuating population densities on three citrus varieties in el-beheira governorate, egypt.investigation throughout the subsequent years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 indicated that chaff scale, p. pegandii is an important economic pest on citrus trees in abou el-matamer area, el-beheira governorate, egypt. it has been recorded in relatively high rates all over the year on three citrus varieties called succari, baladi and navel oranges. field observation and recorded data revealed that the common abundance was recorded for chaff scale on succari oranges followed by navel oranges then the ...201527145572
[effect of characteristic variable extraction on accuracy of cu in navel orange peel by libs].heavy metals pollution in foodstuffs is more and more serious. it is impossible to satisfy the modern agricultural development by conventional chemical analysis. laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs) is an emerging technology with the characteristic of rapid and nondestructive detection. but libs' s repeatability, sensitivity and accuracy has much room to improve. in this work, heavy metal cu in gannan navel orange which is the jiangxi specialty fruit will be predicted by libs. firstly, th ...201526717771
metabolic profiling reveals altered pattern of central metabolism in navel orange plants as a result of boron deficiency.we focused on the changes of metabolite profiles in navel orange plants under long-term boron (b) deficiency using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) approach. curling of the leaves and leaf chlorosis were observed only in the upper leaves (present before start of the treatment) of b-deficient plants, while the lower leaves (grown during treatment) did not show any visible symptoms. the metabolites with up-accumulation in b-deficient leaves were mainly proline, l-ornithine, lysine, g ...201525212059
heavy metals in navel orange orchards of xinfeng county and their transfer from soils to navel oranges.this study investigated heavy metal concentrations in soils and navel oranges of xinfeng county, a well-known navel orange producing area of china. the results showed that the average concentrations of lead (pb), cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), arsenic (as) and mercury (hg) in orchard soils all increased compared to the regional background values, especially for cd, which increased by 422%. when compared to the chinese environmental quality standard for soil (gb15618-1995), pb, cr and hg concentrat ...201526232042
citrus transformation using juvenile tissue explants.the most frequently used method for production of citrus transgenic plants is via agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tissues found on explants obtained from juvenile seedlings. within the last decade and especially within the last 5-6 years, this robust method was employed to produce thousands of transgenic plants. with the newly applied screening methods that allow easier and faster detection of transgenic shoots, estimates of transformation rate for some cultivars have gone up making thi ...201525416263
hesperetin attenuates ventilator-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of nf-κb-mediated inflammation.hesperetin, a major bioflavonoid in sweet oranges and lemons, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. however, the effect of hesperetin on ventilator-induced acute lung injury has not been studied. in present study, we investigated the protective effect of hesperetin on ventilator-induced acute lung injury in rats. rats were orally administered hesperetin (10, 20, or 40mg/kg) two hour before acute lung injury was induced by mechanical ventilation. rats were then randomly divided ...201526610718
regulation of ascorbic acid metabolism by blue led light irradiation in citrus juice sacs.in the present study, the effects of red and blue led lights on the accumulation of ascorbic acid (asa) were investigated in the juice sacs of three citrus varieties, satsuma mandarin, valencia orange, and lisbon lemon. the results showed that the blue led light treatment effectively increased the asa content in the juice sacs of the three citrus varieties, whereas the red led light treatment did not. by increasing the blue led light intensity, the juice sacs of the three citrus varieties accumu ...201525711821
nuclear species-diagnostic snp markers mined from 454 amplicon sequencing reveal admixture genomic structure of modern citrus varieties.most cultivated citrus species originated from interspecific hybridisation between four ancestral taxa (c. reticulata, c. maxima, c. medica, and c. micrantha) with limited further interspecific recombination due to vegetative propagation. this evolution resulted in admixture genomes with frequent interspecific heterozygosity. moreover, a major part of the phenotypic diversity of edible citrus results from the initial differentiation between these taxa. deciphering the phylogenomic structure of c ...201525973611
estimation of transgene copy number in transformed citrus plants by quantitative multiplex real-time pcr.quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) was adapted to estimate transgene copy number of the rice xa21 gene in transgenic citrus plants. this system used taqman qrt-pcr and the endogenous citrus gene encoding for lipid transfer protein (ltp). transgenic "hamlin" sweet orange plants were generated using two different protoplast-gfp transformation systems: cotransformation and single plasmid transformation. a dilution series of genomic dna from one of the transgenic lines was used to generate a stand ...201519194937
gc-ms analysis of headspace and liquid extracts for metabolomic differentiation of citrus huanglongbing and zinc deficiency in leaves of 'valencia' sweet orange from commercial groves.citrus huanglongbing (hlb) is considered the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. symptoms-based detection of hlb is difficult due to similarities with zinc deficiency.201521046688
investigation on the effect of different levels of dried sweet orange (citrus sinensis) pulp on performance, carcass characteristics and physiological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken.utilization of agricultural by-products in animal nutrition is a matter of great concern. dried sweet orange (citrus sinensis) pulp (dcsp) is a potential source of valuable nutrients and natural antioxidants for poultry feed. in the experiment, a feeding trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of dried orange residues in diet on broiler growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, humoral immunity, and cecum microbial population. a total of 2 ...201525737644
correction to in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin c from differently processed oranges and orange juices [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck]. 201525714679
genomewide analysis of small rnas in nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissues of citrus: microrna- and sirna-mediated transcript cleavage involved in somatic embryogenesis.somatic embryogenesis (se) is a process of somatic cells becoming dedifferentiated and generating embryos. se has been widely used in biotechnology as a powerful way of regeneration and a model system for studying plant embryogenesis, but the controlling mechanisms of se are far from clear. here, we show the genomewide profiles of mirnas/sirnas and their target genes in nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissues of 'valencia' sweet orange. by high-throughput sequencing (hts) of small rnas and rna de ...201525615015
de novo transcriptome assembly of pummelo and molecular marker development.pummelo (citrus grandis) is an important fruit crop worldwide because of its nutritional value. to accelerate the pummelo breeding program, it is essential to obtain extensive genetic information and develop relative molecular markers. here, we obtained a 12-gb transcriptome dataset of pummelo through a mixture of rna from seven tissues using illumina pair-end sequencing, assembled into 57,212 unigenes with an average length of 1010 bp. the annotation and classification results showed that a tot ...201525799271
clinical evaluation of moro (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) orange juice supplementation for the weight management.in the last years, several studies have recently evaluated the beneficial effects of red orange juice (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) and its active components in weight management and obesity. moro orange is a cultivar of red orange, particularly rich in active compounds such as anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavone glycosides and ascorbic acid, which displays anti-obesity effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. in this clinical study, the effect of a moro juice extract (morosil(®), 400 m ...201525588369
long-term boron-deficiency-responsive genes revealed by cdna-aflp differ between citrus sinensis roots and leaves.seedlings of citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck were supplied with boron (b)-deficient (without h3bo3) or -sufficient (10 μm h3bo3) nutrient solution for 15 weeks. we identified 54 (38) and 38 (45) up (down)-regulated cdna-aflp bands (transcript-derived fragments, tdfs) from b-deficient leaves and roots, respectively. these tdfs were mainly involved in protein and amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, cell transport, signal transduction, and stress response ...201526284101
rare earth element transfer from soil to navel orange pulp (citrus sinensis osbeck cv. newhall) and the effects on internal fruit quality.the effects of soil rare earth element (ree) on navel orange quality and safety in rare earth ore areas have gained great attention. this study investigated the transfer characteristics of ree from soil to navel orange pulp (citrus sinensis osbeck cv. newhall) and examined the effects of soil ree on internal fruit quality in xinfeng county, jiangxi province, china. path analysis showed that soil ree, ph, cation exchange capacity (cec), and fe oxide (feox) significantly affected pulp ree concentr ...201525806821
tobacco plants over-expressing the sweet orange tau glutathione transferases (csgstus) acquire tolerance to the diphenyl ether herbicide fluorodifen and to salt and drought stresses.the glutathione transferases (gsts) are members of a superfamily of enzymes with pivotal role in the detoxification of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. in this work, the generation and characterization of transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing tau glutathione transferases from citrus sinensis (csgstu1 and csgstu2) and several cross-mutate forms of these genes are reported. putative transformed plants were verified for the presence of the transgenes and the relative quantification of ...201525819876
genome-wide comparative analysis reveals similar types of nbs genes in hybrid citrus sinensis genome and original citrus clementine genome and provides new insights into non-tir nbs genes.in this study, we identified and compared nucleotide-binding site (nbs) domain-containing genes from three citrus genomes (c. clementina, c. sinensis from usa and c. sinensis from china). phylogenetic analysis of all citrus nbs genes across these three genomes revealed that there are three approximately evenly numbered groups: one group contains the toll-interleukin receptor (tir) domain and two different non-tir groups in which most of proteins contain the coiled coil (cc) domain. motif analysi ...201525811466
chemopreventive actions of blond and red-fleshed sweet orange juice on the loucy leukemia cell line.red-fleshed sweet orange juice (roj) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in brazil that contains high levels of β-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (hsp) and nutrients, equivalently to blond orange juice (boj). such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actions in several cancer cell lines. the purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion after boj, roj, and hsp treatment of a novel t acute ...201526434864
uptake and distribution of soil applied zinc by citrus trees-addressing fertilizer use efficiency with 68zn labeling.the zinc (zn) supply increases the fruit yield of citrus trees that are grown, especially in the highly weathered soils of the tropics due to the inherently low nutrient availability in the soil solution. leaf sprays containing micronutrients are commonly applied to orchards, even though the nutrient supply via soil could be of practical value. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of zn fertilizers that are applied to the soil surface on absorption and partitioning of the nutrient by citrus t ...201525751056
isolation and characterization of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 genes from different citrus species.in plants, the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (ccd4) could target on plastoglobules and cleave specific carotenoids, producing apocarotenoids and volatile compounds. these compounds are important for color and aroma formation in fruits and flowers. in this study, five ccd4 gene members (ccd4a, b, c, d, and e) were investigated in different citrus species including mandarin, pummelo, and sweet orange. sequence analysis showed that the ccd4 genes from all the species examined exhibited extensiv ...201525749981
in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin c from differently processed oranges and orange juices [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck].carotenoid, flavonoid, and vitamin c concentrations were determined in fresh orange segments and a puree-like homogenate derived thereof, as well as freshly squeezed, flash-pasteurized, and pasteurized juices. lutein and β-cryptoxanthin were slightly degraded during dejuicing, whereas β-carotene levels were retained. vitamin c levels remained unaffected, whereas flavonoid levels decreased 8-fold upon juice extraction, most likely due to the removal of flavonoid-rich albedo and juice vesicles. li ...201525539394
carbon isotope ratios of selected volatiles in citrus sinensis and in orange-flavoured food.twenty genuine samples of industrially cold-pressed sweet orange essential oils, were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the values of the carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)c(vpdb)) of selected volatiles and assess the corresponding range of authenticity. successively, four commercial orange-flavoured products were analysed under identical conditions to evaluate the authenticity of the orange flavour. the samples were extracted by solid-phase microex ...201525475589
degradation kinetic modelling of ascorbic acid and colour intensity in pasteurised blood orange juice during storage.the stability of ascorbic acid and colour intensity in pasteurised blood orange juice (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck) during one month of storage was investigated at 4-37 °c. the effects of ascorbic acid fortification (at 100, 200 mg l(-1)) and deaeration, temperature/time storage on the kinetic behaviour were determined. ascorbic acid was monitored by hplc-dad and colour intensity by spectrophotometric measurements. degradation kinetics were best fitted by first-order reaction models for both asc ...201525466074
different citrus rootstocks present high dissimilarities in their antioxidant activity and vitamins content according to the ripening stage."lane late" sweet orange grafted on six different citrus rootstocks and grown in the guadalquivir valley (seville, spain) were picked at different ripening stages in two consecutive seasons to characterize their antioxidant activity (free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and quantify their main antioxidant compounds (vitamin e and vitamin c). linear discriminant analysis and 2-way anova were applied to compare the effects induced by citrus rootstock ...201525462974
incidence of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus'-infected plants among citrandarins as rootstock and scion under field conditions.huanglongbing (hlb), caused by the bacterium 'candidatus liberibacter' spp., is currently one of the most serious diseases of citrus plants and has caused substantial economic losses. thus far, there is no source of genetic resistance to hlb in the genus citrus or its relatives. however, several studies have reported poncirus trifoliata and some of its hybrids to be more tolerant to the disease. the main objective of this study was to report differences in the incidence of 'ca. l. asiaticus' inf ...201525423067
characterisation of free and bound volatile compounds from six different varieties of citrus fruits.free volatile compounds in six varieties of citrus juices were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. bound fractions were isolated and extracted with methanol and amberlite xad-2 resin and then hydrolyzed by almond β-glucosidase. a total of 43 free and 17 bound volatile compounds were identified in citrus. free volatile contents in sweet orange were the most abundant, followed by those in grapefruits and mandarins. among free volatiles, terpenes were the m ...201525952837
profiling gene expression in citrus fruit calyx abscission zone (az-c) treated with ethylene.on-tree storage and harvesting of mature fruit account for a large proportion of cost in the production of citrus, and a reduction of the cost would not be achieved without a thorough understanding of the mechani sm of the mature fruit abscission. genome-wide gene expression changes in ethylene-treated fruit calyx abscission zone (az-c) of citrus sinensis cv. olinda were therefore investigated using a citrus genome array representing up to 33,879 citrus transcripts. in total, 1313 and 1044 diffe ...201525948248
an investigation of boron-toxicity in leaves of two citrus species differing in boron-tolerance using comparative proteomics.limited data are available on boron (b)-toxicity-responsive proteins in plants. we first applied 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) to compare the effects of b-toxicity on leaf protein profiles in b-tolerant citrus sinensis and b-intolerant citrus grandis seedlings, and identified 27 (20) protein species with increased abundances and 23 (25) protein species with decreased abundances from the former (latter). generally speaking, b-toxicity increased the abundances of protein species involved in ...201525892131
new insights into the evolutionary history of plant sorbitol dehydrogenase.sorbitol dehydrogenase (sdh, ec 1.1.1.14) is the key enzyme involved in sorbitol metabolism in higher plants. sdh genes in some rosaceae species could be divided into two groups. l-idonate-5-dehydrogenase (lidh, ec 1.1.1.264) is involved in tartaric acid (ta) synthesis in vitis vinifera and is highly homologous to plant sdhs. despite efforts to understand the biological functions of plant sdh, the evolutionary history of plant sdh genes and their phylogenetic relationship with the v. vinifera li ...201525879735
comparative study of flavonoid production in lycopene-accumulated and blonde-flesh sweet oranges (citrus sinensis) during fruit development.four main flavanone glycosides (fgs) and four main polymethoxylated flavones (pmfs) were determined in fruits of 'cara cara' navel orange, 'seike' navel orange, 'anliu' and 'honganliu' sweet orange (citrus sinensis). no bitter neohesperidosides were detected in the fg profiles, indicating the functional inability of 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase, though relatively high transcription levels were detected in the fruit tissues of 'anliu' and 'honganliu' sweet oranges. different to the fgs, the pmfs only ...201525872450
proteomic and metabolomic profiling of valencia orange fruit after natural frost exposure.the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of orange fruit (citrus sinensis var. valencia late) to freezing stress in planta, both immediately after the natural event and after a week, in order to understand the biochemical and molecular basis of the changes that later derive in internal and external damage symptoms. using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis to analyze exposed and non-exposed fruit, 27 differential protein spots were detected in juice sacs and flavedo, among ...201525132553
root itraq protein profile analysis of two citrus species differing in aluminum-tolerance in response to long-term aluminum-toxicity.limited information is available on aluminum (al)-toxicity-responsive proteins in woody plant roots. seedlings of 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) and 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) were treated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 (control) or 1.2 mm alcl3 · 6h2o (+al). thereafter, we investigated citrus root protein profiles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq). the aims of this work were to determine the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with al-tox ...201526573913
boron-deficiency-responsive micrornas and their targets in citrus sinensis leaves.micrornas play important roles in the adaptive responses of plants to nutrient deficiencies. most research, however, has focused on nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), sulfur (s), copper (cu) and iron (fe) deficiencies, limited data are available on the differential expression of mirnas and their target genes in response to deficiencies of other nutrient elements. in this study, we identified the known and novel mirnas as well as the boron (b)-deficiency-responsive mirnas from citrus leaves in order t ...201526538180
genome-wide identification, classification and analysis of hd-zip gene family in citrus, and its potential roles in somatic embryogenesis regulation.the homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) transcription factors, which belong to a class of homeobox proteins, has been reported to be involved in different biological processes of plants, including growth and development, photomorphogenesis, flowering, fruit ripening and adaptation responses to environmental stresses. in this study, 27 hd-zip genes (cshbs) were identified in citrus. based on the phylogenetic analysis and characteristics of individual gene or protein, the hd-zip gene family in cit ...201526232336
genome-wide identification, isolation and expression analysis of auxin response factor (arf) gene family in sweet orange (citrus sinensis).auxin response factors (arfs) are an important family of proteins in auxin-mediated response, with key roles in various physiological and biochemical processes. to date, a genome-wide overview of the arf gene family in citrus was not available. a systematic analysis of this gene family in citrus was begun by carrying out a genome-wide search for the homologs of arfs. a total of 19 nonredundant arf genes (ciarf) were found and validated from the sweet orange. a comprehensive overview of the ciarf ...201525870601
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc) method for the determination of limonene in sweet orange (citrus sinensis) oil: implications for limonene stability.the citrus-derived bioactive monoterpene limonene is an important industrial commodity and fragrance constituent. an rp isocratic elution c18 ultra-hplc (uhplc) method using a superficially porous stationary phase and photodiode array (pda) detector has been developed for determining the limonene content of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) oil. the method is fast with a cycle time of 1.2 min, linear, precise, accurate, specific, and stability indicating, and it satisfies u.s. pharmacopeia suitabil ...201525857884
analysis of cuticular wax constituents and genes that contribute to the formation of 'glossy newhall', a spontaneous bud mutant from the wild-type 'newhall' navel orange.navel orange (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck) fruit surfaces contain substantial quantities of cuticular waxes, which have important eco-physiological roles, such as water retention and pathogen defense. the wax constituents of ripe navel orange have been studied in various reports, while the wax changes occurring during fruit development and the molecular mechanism underlying their biosynthesis/export have not been investigated. recently, we reported a spontaneous bud mutant from the wild-type (wt ...201526177912
changes in the composition of aromatherapeutic citrus oils during evaporation.the composition of some commercial citrus oils, lemon, sweet orange, and tangerine, designated for aromatherapy, was examined before and after partial evaporation in a stream of nitrogen. the intact oils contained the expected mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons dominating and lesser amounts of oxygenated analogues making up the remainder. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to follow alterations in the relative amounts of the various components present as evaporati ...201526161120
bioavailability of β-cryptoxanthin is greater from pasteurized orange juice than from fresh oranges - a randomized cross-over study.orange fruits and products thereof represent important dietary sources of carotenoids, particularly β-cryptoxanthin. since previous studies reported a positive effect of vegetable processing on carotenoid absorption, our objective was to compare the bioavailability of β-cryptoxanthin from either fresh navel oranges (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) or pasteurized orange juice.201526114420
alternation of secondary metabolites and quality attributes in valencia orange fruit ( citrus sinensis ) as influenced by storage period and edible covers.flavonoids (fgs) are a large group of polyphenolic compounds with low molecular weight, found in free and glycozidic forms in plants. citrus fruits can be used as a food supplement containing hesperidin and flavonoids to prevent infections and boost the immune system in human body. the aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of clove oil and storage period on the amount of hesperidin and naringin component in orange peel (cv. valencia). four treatments including clove oil (1 %), wa ...201525829574
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis data in support of leaf comparative proteomics of two citrus species differing in boron-tolerance.here, we provide the data from a comparative proteomics approach used to investigate the response of boron (b)-tolerant 'xuegan' (citrus sinensis) and b-intolerant 'sour pummelo' (citrus grandis) leaves to b-toxicity. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) technique, we identified 50 and 45 protein species with a fold change of more than 1.5 and a p-value of less than 0.05 from b-toxic c. sinensis and c. grandis leaves. these b-toxicity-responsive protein species were mainly involved i ...201526217760
living on the edges: spatial niche occupation of asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae), in citrus groves.the spatial niche occupation of the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama, 1908, was evaluated to determine its field colonization and food resource exploitation strategies in citrus groves. mature grapefruit and sweet orange groves were surveyed as part of an area-wide program in 2009-2010 to determine d. citri population densities and between-tree distribution. in both cultivars, significantly more psyllids were found on perimeter trees throughout the study period suggesting a strong ...201526193111
mirnaome analysis associated with anatomic and transcriptomic investigations reveal the polar exhibition of corky split vein in boron deficient citrus sinensis.corky split vein can develop under long-term boron deficient conditions in citrus sinensis l. osbeck cv. newhall. this symptom only occurs in the upper rather than the lower epidermis of old leaves. our previous study demonstrated that vascular hypertrophy was involved in the symptoms, and the 3rd developmental stage of corky split vein (bd3) was the critical stage for phenotype formation. here, we performed an intensive study on the bd3 vein and its control sample (ck3 vein). a lignin test demo ...201525754997
a comprehensive analysis of chromoplast differentiation reveals complex protein changes associated with plastoglobule biogenesis and remodeling of protein systems in sweet orange flesh.globular and crystalloid chromoplasts were observed to be region specifically formed in sweet orange (citrus sinensis) flesh and converted from amyloplasts during fruit maturation, which was associated with the composition of specific carotenoids and the expression of carotenogenic genes. subsequent isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-based quantitative proteomic analyses of purified plastids from the flesh during chromoplast differentiation and senescence identified 1,38 ...201526056088
structure and mechanism of dimer-monomer transition of a plant poly(a)-binding protein upon rna interaction: insights into its poly(a) tail assembly.poly(a)-binding proteins (pabps) play crucial roles in mrna biogenesis, stability, transport and translational control in most eukaryotic cells. although animal pabps are well-studied proteins, the biological role, three-dimensional structure and rna-binding mode of plant pabps remain largely uncharacterized. here, we report the structural features and rna-binding mode of a citrus sinensis pabp (cspabpn1). cspabpn1 has a domain architecture of nuclear pabps (pabpns) with a single rna recognition ...201526013164
carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.citrus fruits are a good source of carotenoids for the human diet; however, comparative studies of carotenoids in different citrus food matrices are scarce. in this work the concentration and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in sweet oranges and mandarins with marked differences in carotenoid composition were evaluated in pulp and compared to those in fresh juice. the pulp and juice of the red-fleshed cara cara sweet orange variety was highly rich in carotenes (mainly lycopene and phytoene) compa ...201525996796
comparison of microwave, ultrasound and accelerated-assisted solvent extraction for recovery of polyphenols from citrus sinensis peels.peel of citrus sinensis contains significant amounts of bioactive polyphenols that could be used as ingredients for a number of value-added products with health benefits. extraction of polyphenols from the peels was performed using a microwave-assisted extraction (mae) technique. the effects of aqueous acetone concentration, microwave power, extraction time and solvent-to-solid ratio on the total phenolic content (tpc), total antioxidant activity (taa) (using dpph and orac-values) and individual ...201525977057
variety and harvesting season effects on antioxidant activity and vitamins content of citrus sinensis macfad.five sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) varieties cultivated in huelva (spain) and picked at two seasons during two consecutive years, were characterized for their antioxidant activity (free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and vitamin content (vitamin e and vitamin c). the effects induced by sweet orange variety and stage of maturity were comprehensively compared by applying 2-way anova and linear discriminant analysis. the results indicated hig ...201525961166
development and characterization of activated hydrochars from orange peels as potential adsorbents for emerging organic contaminants.activated hydrochars obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of orange peels (citrus sinensis) followed by various thermochemical processing were assessed as adsorbents for emerging contaminants in water. thermal activation under flows of co2 or air as well as chemical activation with phosphoric acid were applied to the hydrochars. their characteristics were analyzed and related to their ability to uptake three pharmaceuticals (diclofenac sodium, salicylic acid and flurbiprofen) considered ...201525742754
red-fleshed sweet orange juice improves the risk factors for metabolic syndrome.orange juice consumption can promote lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation due to the antioxidant activity of citrus flavonoids and carotenoids. in addition, red-fleshed sweet orange juice (red orange juice) also contains lycopene. this study investigated the effects of red orange juice consumption on risk factors for metabolic syndrome. volunteers consumed red orange juice daily for 8 weeks, with clinical and biochemical assessments performed at baseline and on the final day. there ...201526471075
the state of the art in biosynthesis of anthocyanins and its regulation in pigmented sweet oranges [(citrus sinensis) l. osbeck].anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments belonging to the flavonoid compound family involved in nature in several aspects of plant development and defense. by bestowing much of the color and flavor on fruits and vegetables, they are components of the human diet and, thanks to their radical-scavenging properties, are not considered exclusively as food products but also as therapeutic agents. several cultivars of red (or blood) oranges [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck], such as tarocco, moro, and sangu ...201525871434
effect of blue led light intensity on carotenoid accumulation in citrus juice sacs.in the present study, the effects of blue led light intensity on carotenoid accumulation and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were investigated in the juice sacs of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) and valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) in vitro. the results showed that 100 μmol m(-2)s(-1) blue led light (100b) was effective for increasing carotenoid content, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in satsuma mandarin after cultured in vitro for four weeks. in valencia oran ...201526432407
application of sensory evaluation, hs-spme gc-ms, e-nose, and e-tongue for quality detection in citrus fruits.in this study, electronic tongue (e-tongue), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (gc-ms), electronic nose (e-nose), and quantitative describe analysis (qda) were applied to describe the 2 types of citrus fruits (satsuma mandarins [citrus unshiu marc.] and sweet oranges [citrus sinensis {l.} osbeck]) and their mixing juices systematically and comprehensively. as some aroma components or some flavor molecules interacted with the whole juice matrix, the change ...201526416698
identification, characterization and expression analysis of lineage-specific genes within sweet orange (citrus sinensis).with the availability of rapidly increasing number of genome and transcriptome sequences, lineage-specific genes (lsgs) can be identified and characterized. like other conserved functional genes, lsgs play important roles in biological evolution and functions.201526597278
hplc-dad phenolic characterization and antioxidant activities of ripe and unripe sweet orange peels.phenolic compounds of unripe and ripe sweet orange peels were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography separation method with diode array detector (hplc-dad). the in vitro antioxidant properties and the ec50 (concentration required to obtain a 50% antioxidant effect) values were also determined. the predominant phenolic compounds were quercitrin, rutin, and quercetin with values of 18.77 ± 0.01 mg/ml, 18.65 ± 0.03 mg/ml, and 10.39 ± 0.01 mg/ml respectively in unripe orange peel ...201526783839
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