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sequences of multiple bacterial genomes and a chlamydia trachomatis genotype from direct sequencing of dna derived from a vaginal swab diagnostic specimen.ultra-deep illumina sequencing was performed on whole genome amplified dna derived from a chlamydia trachomatis-positive vaginal swab. alignment of reads with reference genomes allowed robust snp identification from the c. trachomatis chromosome and plasmid. this revealed that the c. trachomatis in the specimen was very closely related to the sequenced urogenital, serovar f, clade t1 isolate f-sw4. in addition, high genome-wide coverage was obtained for prevotella melaninogenica, gardnerella vag ...201323647919
bacteriological agents which play a role in the development of infertility.this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the bacterial agents chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis), neisseria gonorrhoeae (n. gonorrhoeae), mycoplasma hominis (m. hominis) and ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum) and the conditions which may play a role in the development of female infertility, in the county of iaşi in north-eastern romania. cervical and blood samples were collected from 176 infertile women and 45 pregnant women in the third trimester. classical methods and ...201323529298
chronic scrotal pain syndrome (csps): the widespread use of antibiotics is not justified.data supporting the widespread use of antibiotics in patients with chronic scrotal pain syndrome (csps) are not available. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacteria in the genitourinary tract in patients presenting with csps. from july 2005 to july 2007 we prospectively enrolled patients presenting with csps in our outpatient clinic. the evaluation consisted of a detailed patient's history, physical examination and ultrasound examination of the scrotum. a blood ...201323258645
prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among hiv-infected women in brazil.this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and associated risk factors in hiv-infected pregnant women followed for prenatal care in salvador, bahia. this was a cross-sectional study of 63 women seeking prenatal care at a reference center. participants were interviewed regarding socio-epidemiological and clinical history, and were tested for hbsag, anti-hcv, anti htlv i/ii, vdrl, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasm ...201323168304
simultaneous direct identification of genital microorganisms in voided urine using multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot assays.our aim was to develop and evaluate sensitive methods that would allow simultaneous direct identification of multiple potential pathogens in clinical specimens for diagnosis and epidemiological studies, using a multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot assay. we have previously developed assays suitable for detection of bacterial respiratory and systemic pathogens. in this chapter we describe, in detail, a method developed to identify 14 genital microorganisms, for use in epidemiological studies of ...201323104293
possible involvement of mycoplasma hominis in inhibiting the formation of biofilms by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec).here we examined the involvement of mycoplasma hominis in the formation of biofilms by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) strain cft073. initially, we thought that m. hominis does not affect the fitness of upec, including the growth and production of signaling molecules, such as autoinducer-2 and indole. we found, however, that the presence of m. hominis significantly decreased the degree of biofilm formation by upec cft073 (approximately a 60% reduction for 10(5) ccu/ml of m. hominis as comp ...201324096662
improved method for expression and isolation of the mycoplasma hominis arginine deiminase from the recombinant strain of escherichia coli.arginine deiminase is a promising anticancer drug active against melanoma, hepatocarcinoma and other tumors. recombinant strains of escherichia coli that express arginine deiminase from pathogenic bacteria mycoplasma have been developed. however, production costs of heterologous arginine deiminase are high due to use of an expensive inducer and extraction buffer, as well as using diluted culture for enzyme induction. we report on a new advanced protocol for mycoplasma hominis arginine deiminase ...201323928331
mycoplasma agalactiae mag_5040 is a mg2+-dependent, sugar-nonspecific snase recognised by the host humoral response during natural infection.in this study the enzymatic activity of mycoplasma agalactiae mag_5040, a magnesium-dependent nuclease homologue to the staphylococcal snase was characterized and its antigenicity during natural infections was established. a uga corrected version of mag_5040, lacking the region encoding the signal peptide, was expressed in escherichia coli as a gst fusion protein. recombinant gst-mag_5040 exhibits nuclease activity similar to typical sugar-nonspecific endo- and exonucleases, with dna as the pref ...201323469065
pregnancy-induced changes in immune protection of the genital tract: defining normal.both the state of pregnancy as well as disruption of vaginal flora and immune mediators may increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus-1 acquisition. the objective of this study was to define immune changes in lower genital and systemic immunity associated with normal pregnancy.201323313311
fetal membrane biomarker network diversity and disease functions induced by intra-amniotic pathogens.intra-amniotic pathogens and by-products activate innate immune responses encompassing multitudes of signaling molecules and pathways that can result in spontaneous preterm birth (ptb). this study investigates fetal membrane response to bacterial stimulation using a bioinformatics approach.201323216633
microbial and vaginal determinants influencing mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum genital colonization in a population of female patients.mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum are associated with chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery and pelvic inflammatory disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible risk factors of co-colonization by m. hominis in patients already colonized by u. urealyticum and compare demographic parameters, vaginal ph and microbiota of women colonized by u. urealyticum or m. hominis. a total of 452 patients positive for u. urealyticum or m. hominis were analysed, 421 (93.1%) of whom were p ...201324008852
bacterial modulation of human fetal membrane toll-like receptor expression.preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (pprom) occurs in 30-40% of spontaneous preterm births (ptb) and is associated with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. the membranes may sense and respond to microbes via toll-like receptors (tlrs); however, little is known about their expression and regulation in this tissue. the objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of tlrs 1-10 in fetal membranes after exposure to pathogens associated with intra-amniotic infection and ptb.201322967004
epidemiology and outcomes of deep surgical site infections following lung transplantation.we conducted a retrospective study of deep surgical site infections (ssis) among consecutive patients who underwent lung transplantation (ltx) at a single center from 2006 through 2010. thirty-one patients (5%) developed ssis at median 25 days after ltx. empyema was most common (42%), followed by surgical wound infections (29%), mediastinitis (16%), sternal osteomyelitis (6%), and pericarditis (6%). pathogens included gram-positive bacteria (41%), gram-negative bacteria (41%), fungi (10%) and my ...201323710593
[effect of low temperature plasma on various mycoplasma species].study the influence of low temperature (cold) electrolyte plasma (cep) on survivability of some mycoplasma strains growing in agar as well as mycoplasma that most frequently contaminate transplantable human cell lines of normal and malignant origin with the aim of decontamination.201323805670
diversity of mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates from bordeaux, france, as assessed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis.mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma species that can cause various urogenital infections and, less frequently, extragenital infections. the objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of this species using a molecular typing method based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva).201323710536
incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas in sexually active individuals in hungary.the aim of this study was to examine the incidence and antibiotic sensitivity of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis strains cultured from the genital discharges of sexually active individuals who attended our std outpatient service. samples were taken with universal swab (biolab®, budapest, hungary) into the urea-myco duo kit (bio-rad®, budapest, hungary) and incubated in ambient air for 48 h at 37 °c. the determination of antibiotic sensitivity was performed in u9 and arginin broth u ...201323686458
prevalence of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplazma urealyticum among women of reproductive age in albania.the aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of mycoplasma hominis (mh) and ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) among infertile women and women who had abortion in the first trimester in albania.201323678833
mycoplasma hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis: the value of molecular sequencing in cardiac surgery. 201323642308
association of trichomonas vaginalis with its symbiont mycoplasma hominis synergistically upregulates the in vitro proinflammatory response of human monocytes.trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. in recent years we have described the symbiotic relationship between t vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis. how this biological association might affect the pathogenicity of one or both the microorganisms is still unknown. since local inflammation is thought to play a central role in t vaginalis infection, we investigated the in vitro response of human macrophages to natur ...201323633668
concordance of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in infertile couples: impact on semen parameters.to assess the relationship between mycoplasma infection and human infertility, we determined the concordance of ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and mycoplasma hominis (mh) detection in infertile and fertile couples, and assessed semen parameters in both groups.201323602797
ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum may colonize the human genital tract and have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes are significant contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality. however, as these bacteria can reside in the normal vaginal flora, there are controversies regarding their true role during pregnancy and thus the need to treat these organisms.201323587772
an epidemiological survey of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in gynaecological outpatients, rome, italy.the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis infections and to investigate associations between their presence in the lower female genital tract and lifestyle characteristics. the study was performed on a population of 3115 women, comparing the demographic and behavioural characteristics of 872 women with u. urealyticum infection and 142 women with m. hominis with uninfected women, using univariate and multiple logistic regression anal ...201323445723
frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in patients with vaginal discharge.determination of antimicrobial sensitivity helps establish adequate treatment and avoids future genital tract diseases in women of fertile age. in cuba, prevalence of mycoplasma in patients with vaginal discharge is unknown. the objective of this research was to determine frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in women with vaginal discharge through analysis of laboratory data from vaginal smears from 255 patients referred to the municipal hygien ...201324253351
fatal hyperammonaemia caused by mycoplasma hominis. 201324315178
effect of corticosteroid interval on markers of inflammation in spontaneous preterm birth.the objective of the study was to evaluate whether the time interval from corticosteroid administration to delivery is associated with variations in inflammatory/infectious markers in women with spontaneous preterm birth (sptb).201323764022
incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum isolated in brescia, italy, over 7 years.the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis collected during 2004-2011 were determined. a total of 9956 individuals was analyzed. identification was performed by use of the mycoplasma ist-2 kit. antimicrobial susceptibility against doxycycline, josamycin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and pristinamycin was also tested by use of this commercial kit. our results show a prevalence of 1856 posi ...201323192735
[prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (std) in hiv positive women in southern israel].co-infection of hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is common. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) recommends routine yearly screening for stds in hiv carriers. there is only scarce data on the prevalence of std in hiv positive individuals in israel and no current recommendations on this issue are available.201323844520
[circulating immune complexes as a depot of conservation of mycoplasma cell components].study the possibility of prolonged conservation in macroorganism of antigens, mycoplasma cell dna and live pathogen cells as part of cic against the background of persisting antigen biostructures.201323805676
[generalized mycoplasma infection in patients and carriers].study of possibility of generalization of mycoplasma infection in patients with urogenital pathology.201323805671
mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis with concomitant gouty arthritis.we report a rare case of mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis occurring simultaneously with acute gout. a taiwanese native aboriginal presented with right ankle swelling, erythema, local tenderness, and limitation of range of motion after a vertebroplasty. he had a history of gout without regular follow-up. under the polarized light microscopy examination, his synovial fluid revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis and monosodium urate crystals. subsequently, 2 consecutive anaerobic synovial fluid cult ...201223188210
standardized methods and quality control limits for agar and broth microdilution susceptibility testing of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, and ureaplasma urealyticum.an international multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted to develop standard media and consensus methods for the performance and quality control of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, and ureaplasma urealyticum using broth microdilution and agar dilution techniques. a reference strain from the american type culture collection was designated for each species, which was to be used for quality control purposes. repeat testing of replicate sam ...201222915608
mycoplasma hominis brain abscess presenting after a head trauma: a case report.mycoplasma hominis brain abscess is a rare occurrence, and treatment is not well defined. the mechanism by which m. hominis infects sites outside the genitourinary tract, including the central nervous system, is unclear.201222913832
prevalence of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealiticum in pregnant and women with reproductive problems.the aim of the research was to explore women with reproductive problems and pregnant women on mycoplasma and ureaplasma as well as to investigate spread of these microbes in the women of reproductive age. there were investigated 100 women with reproductive problem and 96 pregnant women. it was found that 64% of women with reproductive problem and 60% of pregnant women had ureaplasma urealyticum with high titer (more then 1000 cells in ml), but mycoplasma hominis was detected approximately in equ ...201222899414
[severe postoperative mycoplasma hominis arthritis revealing hypogammaglobulinemia]. 201222770655
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in a population of italian and immigrant outpatients.ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis are associated with non-gonococcal urethritis, increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. migration flows from other countries change the local epidemiological profile of infectious diseases of patients treated by general practitioners and hospital doctors. few studies have evaluated this ever-changing issue in the italian population. the aim of this study was to assess possible differences in prevalence and ...201222767305
mycoplasma hominis in cuban trichomonas vaginalis isolates: association with parasite genetic polymorphism.trichomonas vaginalis can be naturally infected with intracellular mycoplasma hominis. this bacterial infection may have implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. the objective of the study was to report the presence of m. hominis in cuban t. vaginalis isolates and to describe the association between the phenotype m. hominis infected with rapd genetic polymorphism of t. vaginalis. the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used to determine genetic differenc ...201222584035
evidence for the predominance of a single tet(m) gene sequence type in tetracycline-resistant ureaplasma parvum and mycoplasma hominis isolates from tunisian patients.resistance to tetracyclines in genital mycoplasmas is due mainly to acquisition of the tet(m) determinant, which is frequently associated with conjugative transposon elements of the tn916/tn1545 family. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence of tet(m) in tunisian isolates and to gain an insight into its origin and evolution. twenty ureaplasma parvum, two ureaplasma urealyticum and 48 mycoplasma hominis isolates, recovered from tunisian patients with urogenital and infertility ...201222580915
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in chinese women with genital infectious diseases.previous studies have confirmed that the presence of ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and mycoplasma hominis (mh) increases the risks of various diseases including genital infections in women. hence, the surveillance policies for the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of uu and mh are important for both the prevention and the treatment of the diseases associated with genital mycoplasmas.201222565456
prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis infection in unselected infertile men.in this study, we investigated the prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis infection among 250 unselected infertile men, the presence of urogenital symptoms in infected men and the effects of these microorganisms on the conventional sperm parameters. urethral samples were obtained using a swab inserted 3-4 cm into the urethral meatus. ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis were detected by the kit mycofast r evolution 3 elitech microbiology (elitech microbiology, signe ...201222546762
[a case of mycoplasma hominis infection on chronic refractory lower leg ulceration caused by livedo vasculopathy].mycoplasma hominis is a common inhabitant of the human urogenital tract and most frequently causes diseases of the genitourinary tract. extragenital m. hominis infections are uncommon, with almost all occurring in immunosuppressed persons or those predisposed due to surgery or trauma. we report a case of non surgical, non-traumatic wound infection caused by m. hominis. a 28-year-old immunocompetent woman with livedo vasculopathy had an open wound on dorsum of her right foot with signs and sympto ...201223383571
cluster or coincidence? an unusual cause of surgical site infections in adult trauma patients.mycoplasma hominis is a bacteria that colonizes and infects the genitourinary tract; extragenital infections are not common. three surgical site infections because of m hominis in immunocompetent adult trauma patients were detected at our facility in a 6-month time period. we investigated this case series and hypothesize transmission based on common exposures.201223199728
the prevalence of six species of mycoplasmataceae in an hiv/aids population in jiangsu province, china.this study employed culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to examine the prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma penetrans and mycoplasma pirum in 210 hiv/aids patients, 455 sexually transmitted infection (sti) clinic attendees and 245 healthy volunteers from first-void urine specimens for men and endocervical swabs for women. u. urealyticum and m. hominis were detected in 107 (51.0%) and 69 (32.9%) patients in the ...201222930310
in vitro antimycoplasmal activity of citrus bergamia essential oil and its major components.forty-two strains of mycoplasma hominis (including pg21), 2 strain of mycoplasma fermentans (pg18 and k7), 1 strain of mycoplasma pneumoniae (strain m129) were investigated for their susceptibilities to citrus bergamia essential oil and to its major components (limonene, linalyl acetate and linalool). c. bergamia essential oil inhibited mycoplasmas at concentrations from 0.5 to 1% (mic value as % v/v). m. hominis showed mic(50) values of 0.5% and mic(90) values of 1%; m. pneumoniae showed a mic ...201222465092
amniotic fluid and maternal race influence responsiveness of fetal membranes to bacteria.spontaneous preterm birth (ptb) and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pprom) occur more frequently in african-american women than in other racial groups. this may be due to an enhanced inflammatory response to pathogens associated with the condition. it is also possible that amniotic fluid (af) has different immunomodulatory properties in african-american women that increase their risk of ptb and pprom. to test this, we cultured fetal membranes from european-american and african-american wo ...201223021257
[mycoplasmas and antibodies anti-chlamydia in semen of infertile men and their relationship with seminal quality and markers of male accessory sex glands].male infertility may be due to inflammation or infection of the genital tract among other causes. male accessory sex glands and sperm function may also be involved in the problem of infertility. this study tries to associate the most frequent bacteria in semen of infertile men including chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum with the seminal characteristics and levels of fructose, citric acid and alpha-neutral glucosidase as markers of the accessory glands. detectio ...201222978046
chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and mycoplasma hominis in sexually intact girls with arthritides.to investigate the frequency of chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and mycoplasma hominis in the genital tract of sexually intact girls with arthritides, and to search for optimal means of their elucidation.201222803817
difficulties experienced in defining the microbial cause of pelvic inflammatory disease.clinical assessment of women with pelvic pain was a poor indicator of disease seen at laparoscopy. thus, of 109 women, 22 at laparoscopy had salpingitis, 19 had adhesions without salpingitis, 20 had endometriosis or ovarian pathology and 48 no observable abnormality. in all laparoscopic categories, ureaplasma spp. and mycoplasma hominis, but not mycoplasma genitalium, were at least as common in the cervix/vagina as chlamydia trachomatis and equally frequent in the endometrium. however, c. tracho ...201222362682
sensitivity of gram stain in the diagnosis of urethritis in men.acute urethritis is among the most common types of sexually transmitted diseases in men. the diagnosis usually requires microscopic evidence of urethritis, but sometimes urethral pathogens are detected in asymptomatic men without such evidence. the aims of this study were to assess the sensitivity of gram stain in men with urethral symptoms and to relate it to the microorganisms isolated.201222308534
evaluation of seeplex® std6 ace detection kit for the diagnosis of six bacterial sexually transmitted infections.traditionally, the diagnosis of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (sti) has been dependent on the isolation of the causative pathogens by culturing endocervical or urethral swab specimens on selective media. while such procedures typically provide excellent diagnostic accuracy, they are often time-consuming and expensive. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, based on a semi-automated detection system, was evaluated for the detection of six sti causative organisms. the seeple ...201222252268
ureaplasma serovars & their antimicrobial susceptibility in patients of infertility & genital tract infections.ureaplasmas have been implicated in a variety of clinical conditions. however, only certain serovars of ureaplasmas are disease associated. only a few classes of antimicrobial agents are available for the treatment of mycoplasmal infections in humans. increase of resistance of genital mycoplasmas to antimicrobials has been reported worldwide. the aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of ureaplasma serovars in patients with infertility and genital tract infections with polymera ...201223391795
[possible role of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis in the etiology of infectious vaginitis].vaginitis is a common gynecologic disorder. it is due to several causes, some even unknown. bacteroides fragilis is the most important anaerobe in clinical bacteriology, some strains of this group are notable for being enterotoxigenic and they have been associated with intestinal and extraintestinal syndromes. they have recently been isolated from patients with vaginitis. the purpose of this study was to investigate a possible association of enterotoxigenic b. fragilis with infectious vaginitis. ...201222524106
closed trauma, mycoplasma hominis osteomyelitis, and the elusive diagnosis of good's syndrome.mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis has a well-established association with hypogammaglobulinaemia, but is rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. an association also exists with a closed trauma and a predisposition to m hominis bone infections. in this clinical case report, a patient with m hominis osteomyelitis following a closed trauma was diagnosed using 16s ribosomal studies, and led to the diagnosis of a severe underlying immunodeficiency syndrome known as good's syndrome.201223188847
the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms in pregnant women with preterm labor and preterm birth.to investigate the risk factors for vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microorganisms among women who experienced preterm birth (ptb), we compared the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms between women who experienced preterm labor (ptl) without preterm delivery and spontaneous ptb.201222563554
antimicrobial resistance of abnormal vaginal discharges microorganisms in ouagadougou, burkina faso.to assess the prevalence of bacterial strains and fungal strains infecting the vaginal tract and test their sensitivity to antibiotics in women attending saint camille medical centre in ouagadougou.201223569916
[the adaptation of mycoplasmas to stress conditions: features of proteome shift in mycoplasma hominis pg37 under starvation and low temperature].mycoplasma hominis--one of the widely spread mycoplasmas (class mollicutes), associated with the socially significant human diseases and contamination of cell cultures. the solution of the problem on controlling m. hominis infections is connected with determination of the molecular basis, responsible for mechanisms of bacterium survival under unfavorable conditions. as a result of proteomic approach (2-dige and maldi tof/tof ms) for the first time, 53 m. hominis pg37 proteins were detected, diff ...201222393789
hypogammaglobulinemic patient with polyarthritis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis finally diagnosed as septic arthritis caused by mycoplasma hominis.hypogammaglobulinemia is a reduction or absence of immunoglobulin, which may be congenital or associated with immunosuppressive therapy. in addition to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases have also been reported in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. a 26-year-old man with hypogammaglobulinemia had multiple joint pain and swelling with erosive changes in the proximal interphalangeal joint of the right middle finger on x-ray film, mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (ra). as polyarthritis remain ...201222333381
diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of mycoplasma hominis meningitis in adults.meningitis in adults due to infection with mycoplasma hominis is rarely reported. here, we document the third case of m. hominis meningitis in an adult individual, developed upon neurosurgery following a subarachnoid haemorrhage. our findings are noteworthy, because the presence of m. hominis in cerebrospinal fluid cannot be identified by standard culturing, gram-staining, or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. importantly, however, 16s rdna sequencing d ...201223085510
[mycoplasma hominis symbiosis and trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole resistance].to investigate the relation of mycoplasma hominis symbiosis and the resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole.201223072138
[mycoplasma hominis may cause soft tissue infections].mycoplasmas belong to the smallest micro-organisms that are independent of animal or plant cells. they are classified as bacteria, since their cultivation does not require any cells. mycoplasma hominis is a commensal of the human urogenital region, but may sometimes cause even life-threatening, slow-healing soft tissue infections. ureaplasma urealyticum may cause similar infections. it is important both for clinicians and the laboratory to suspect mycoplasma, when clinical picture indicates infe ...201122320109
genital mycoplasmas in women attending the yaoundé university teaching hospital in cameroon.genital mycoplasmas are implicated in pelvic inflammatory diseases, puerperal infection, septic abortions, low birth weight, nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis as well as spontaneous abortion and infertility in women. there is paucity of data on colonisation of genital mycoplasma in women and their drug sensitivity patterns. the aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas (ureaplasma urealiticum and mycoplasma hominis) infection and their drug sensitivity patter ...201128299057
serum antibodies against genitourinary infectious agents in prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia patients: a case-control study.infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies. whether prostate cancer (pca) - an important health issue in the aging male population in the western world - belongs to these conditions has been a matter of research since the 1970 s. persistent serum antibodies are a proof of present or past infection. the aim of this study was to compare serum antibodies against genitourinary infectious agents between pca patients and controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (bph). we hy ...201121291519
antibiotic susceptibility profiles of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum isolated during a population-based study concerning women infertility in northeast romania.the study was carried out on 1068 infertile women under initial evaluation. for mycoplasma hominis, the highest resistance rates were registered for ciprofloxacin (72.22%), followed by macrolides and ofloxacin. for ureaplasma urealyticum, the ciprofloxacin resistance was also high (51.72%), while the resistance rates to other tested antibiotics were significantly lower.201124031629
development of a real-time pcr targeting the yidc gene for the detection of mycoplasma hominis and comparison with quantitative culture.mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma species that can be either commensal or pathogenic. its detection by culture is considered to comprise the reference technique. previously reported pcr techniques target the 16s rrna or the gap gene, although sequence variations among clinical isolates may lead to variations in clinical sensitivity. the present study aimed to develop a specific taqman quantitative real-time pcr assay, targeting a gene conserved in all m. hominis isolates, a ...201120298269
prevalence of genital mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gardnerella, and human papillomavirus in japanese men with urethritis, and risk factors for detection of urethral human papillomavirus infection.to analyze the risk factors for hpv infection in the urethra, we examined the prevalence of various microorganisms, for example neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, ureaplasma parvum, gardnerella vaginalis, and human papillomavirus (hpv) in japanese male patients with urethritis, and investigated their sexual backgrounds. rubbed samples obtained from the distal urethra and questionnaires regarding sexual activity and dem ...201121213011
amniotic fluid interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6, but not interleukin-8 correlate with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preterm labor.we compared the frequency of intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor (pl) with women not in labor, and correlated infection with amniotic fluid (af) cytokines. detailed identification of species, especially mycoplasmata, was tried to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of pl.201121214658
role of the infections in recurrent spontaneous abortion.embryo-fetal infections have been reported to cause recurrent spontaneous abortions (rsas) at a rate lower than 4%. the possible mechanisms include production of toxic metabolic byproducts, fetal or placental infection, chronic endometrial infection, and chorio-amnionitis. viruses appear to be the most frequently involved pathogens, since some of them can produce chronic or recurrent maternal infection. in particular, cytomegalovirus during pregnancy can reach the placenta by viremia, following ...201121261443
hematoma and abscess formation caused by mycoplasma hominis following cesarean section.mycoplasma species cannot be identified by routine bacteriological culture methods and are resistant to common antimicrobial agents. mycoplasma hominis usually colonizes the lower urogenital tract and causes pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, chorioamnionitis, rupture of fetal membranes, preterm labor, postpartum fever, postabortal fever, and neonatal infection. this organism is highly prevalent in cervicovaginal cultures of sexually active women. m. hominis, m. genitalis, ureaplasma u ...201121339933
direct simultaneous detection of 6 sexually transmitted pathogens from clinical specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and auto-capillary electrophoresis.the availability of a reliable and user-friendly method to identify pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is essential to reduce the complications and spread of infection. in this study, genital/urinary specimens from 113 patients with stds were simultaneously tested for 6 pathogens using the automated seeplex-« (seegene, seoul, korea) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based std6b auto-capillary electrophoresis (ace) system. the results were compared with conventional re ...201121392925
the prevalence of urogenital micro-organisms detected by a multiplex pcr-reverse line blot assay in women attending three sexual health clinics in sydney, australia.this study used a previously described multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) assay to assess the prevalence and distribution of 14 urogenital pathogens or putative pathogens, namely neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, ureaplasma parvum, ureaplasma urealyticum, neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human adenoviru ...201121415210
frequency of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma species in cervical samples.we investigated the relative frequencies of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma sp. in cervical samples. pcr analyses were performed in ectocervical and endocervical samples from 224 patients attending public health services in belo horizonte and contagem, minas gerais brazil. a high prevalence of colonisation of the cervix (6.3% for c. trachomatis, 4.0% for n. gonorrhoeae, 0.9% for m. genitalium, 21.9% for m. hominis, 38.4% for ...201121417648
hiv-infected women of burkina faso: a "reservoir" of mycoplasma infection.the objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and genital mycoplasma colonization in 251 hiv-positive compared to 200 hiv-negative women at the maternal and child health (mch) service of saint camille medical center  ouagadougou (burkina faso).201121444986
detection of nanobacteria in patients with chronic prostatitis and vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.we aimed to investigate the detection of nanobacteria (nb) from expressed prostatic secretions (eps) in patients with category iii chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) and from vaginal swabs in patients with vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and to evaluate the association between nb and neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycoplasma genitalium ...201121461284
association of mycoplasma hominis infection with prostate cancer.the origin of chronic inflammation preceding the development of prostate cancer (pca) remains unknown. we investigated possible involvement of mycoplasma infection in pca by screening prostate biopsies from two groups of russian men undergoing pca diagnosis. m. hominis was detected by standard pcr in 15% of the 125 patients in the first group and by quantitative real-time pcr in 37.4% of the 123 men in the second group. in both groups, stratification of patients according to diagnosis showed tha ...201121471611
the "infectious" nature of human prostate cancer: a cautionary note. 201121521904
chorioamnionitis: from pathogenesis to treatment.clin microbiol infect 2011; 17: 1304-1311 abstract: chorioamnionitis refers to inflammation of the amniochorionic membrane, and is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. chorioamnionitis most often occurs as a result of ascending infection, and is commonly associated with premature rupture of the membranes. chorioamnionitis is generally the result of a polymicrobial infection, with ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis and gram-negative anaerobes being frequent causative or ...201121672080
ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis sensitivity to bacteriocins produced by two lactobacilli strains.the purpose of the present study was to determine the inhibitory activities of two bacteriocins, produced by lactobacilli, against genital mycoplasmas. in this study, infections produced by genital mycoplasmas were studied; of these, 1.3% were caused by mycoplasma hominis, 10.7% by ureaplasma urealyticum and 5.6% by u. urealyticum + m. hominis. u. urealyticum was isolated from 75 out of 123 patients with genital mycoplasmas, while m. hominis was isolated from 9 patients (7.3%) and both u. urealy ...201121805206
mycoplasmas in the urine of hiv-1 infected men.summarythe aim of this study was determine the prevalence of mycoplasma hominis, m. genitalium, m. fermentans, m. pirum, m. penetrans and ureaplasma urealyticum in hiv-infected patients. culture and pcr were used to detect six species of mycoplasma in first-void urine of hiv-1 infected men. a total of 497 hiv/aids patients (age range 5-75 years, mean 37 years) were screened in the study. all presented positive for at least one kind of mycoplasma, especially u. urealyticum and m. hominis. six myc ...201121791147
mycoplasmas and human prostate cancer: an exciting but cautionary note. 201121789784
colonization of pediatric lower respiratory tract with genital mycoplasma species.summary at a glance: assessment of 319 pediatric patients with chronic respiratory disease revealed a high prevalence of urogenital mycoplasma species in their bal fluid. therefore, the presence of urogenital mycoplasma species should not be underestimated, but evaluated in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, especially in those whose symptoms have not improved with standard therapy. abstract: background and objective:ôçâ recently, much attention has been given to the possible role playe ...201121722263
mycoplasma hominis brain abscess following uterus curettage: a case report.abstract:201121722404
[peritonitis due to post-myomectomy mycoplasma hominis infection].a 36-year-old woman undergoing a myomectomy developed postoperative surgical-saite peritonitis and hematoma. eight days postoperatively, she developed a 38 degrees c-plus fever and accumulated ascites, with fever unchanged despite antimicrobial beta-lactams therapy. following transvaginal ascitic drainage, her fever disappeared. recurrent 38 degrees c fever and inflammation were cured by clindamycin of 1.2 g/day. m. hominis detected from ascites drainage was considered the primary causative orga ...201121706849
mycoplasma genitalium: from chrysalis to multicolored butterfly.the history, replication, genetics, characteristics (both biological and physical), and factors involved in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma genitalium are presented. the latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. the preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by pcr technology, is discussed. the relationships between m. genitalium and various diseases are highlighted. these d ...201121734246
The prevalence and clinical significance of urethritis and cervicitis in asymptomatic people by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Our purpose was to conduct a screening test for urethritis or cervicitis as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in asymptomatic people.201122087366
The complex vaginal flora of West African women with bacterial vaginosis.The spectrum of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) has recently expanded through taxonomic changes and the use of molecular methods. These methods have yet to be used in large-scale epidemiological studies in Africa where BV is highly prevalent.201121949860
[frequency and antibiotic resistance of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in genital samples of sexually active individuals].ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis have important role among the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases.201121979223
late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by mycoplasma hominis, diagnosed using broad-range bacterial pcr.we report what is believed to be the first case of late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by mycoplasma hominis in a case of blood culture-negative endocarditis. the objective of this report is to emphasize the use of a broad-range pcr technique for bacterial 16s rrna genes in identifying the causative pathogen, thus enabling targeted antimicrobial treatment.201121997872
Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin in an Infant With Mycoplasma hominis Meningitis.Treatment of Mycoplasma hominis meningitis in infants is limited by a lack of consensus regarding therapy and limited pharmacokinetic data for agents to which M. hominis is susceptible. We report the successful treatment of a premature infant suffering from M. hominis meningitis with doxycycline and moxifloxacin and provide a pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin.201122016080
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum Infections and Seminal Quality in Infertile and Fertile Men in Kuwait.Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in semen samples of infertile compared with fertile men, and to evaluate the seminological variables of semen from infected and non-infected men. Materials and Methods: A total of 127 infertile and 188 fertile men seen in Maternity hospital clinic were recruited into the study over a period of 14 months. Specimens were obtained by masturbation and examined for the presence of Ur ...201122052774
in mycoplasma hominis the oppa-mediated cytoadhesion depends on its atpase activity.in mycoplasma hominis, a facultative human pathogen of the human genital tract, oppa, the substrate-binding domain of the oligopeptide permease, is a multifunctional protein involved in nutrition uptake, cytoadhesion and hydrolysis of extracellular atp.201121854595
[Detection and the antibiotic susceptibility analysis of mycoplasma and chlamydia in urogenital tract infections of 327 cases patients with tubal infertility].To explore the effects of mycoplasma and chlamydia infections on tubal infertilityand to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of female urogenital, and consequently to guide clinical rational drug use.201121977592
[which is the best empirical treatment in patients with urethritis?].to know the best empirical treatment of urethritis in patients at the city center of madrid.201121947096
detection of the sexually transmissible genital mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction in women.the role of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis and mycoplasma genitalium in the development of clinical disorders is still unclear. the aim of this study was to determine their prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic women.201121851791
[a case of mycoplasma hominis infection after bladder injury during cesarean section].a 21-year-old female patient underwent emergency cesarean section and a postoperative hematoma occurred at the site of the uterine incision. the patient underwent laparotomy for hemostasis. an 3 cm perforation at the posterior wall of the bladder was identified. the bladder was repaired in two layers with an absorbable suture. three days later she developed a fever of over 38 degrees c. despite therapy with several antimicrobial agents, her fever persisted and the wound was opened. computed tomo ...201122191281
accuracy of urethral swab and urine analysis for the detection of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in women with lower urinary tract symptoms.objectives: our objective was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of urethral swabs and urine specimens in the detection of mycoplasmas in women with lower urinary tract symptoms (luts). methods: during a urogynecological work-up, including cystometry, we obtained first-void urine, urethral and vaginal swabs in 207 consecutive women at our urogynecological division. mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum ...201122006584
[Effects of the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis on ferredoxin gene].We isolated 30 Trichomonas vaginalis for the PCR detection from the gynecological outpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University using the specific 16s rDNA primers of Mycoplasma hominis. The results showed that there were 25 cases of Mycoplasma hominis infection, with the infection rate of 83.33%. This gave a clew that the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis may be of certain generality in China. We sequenced the ferredoxin gene of 10 Trichomonas vaginalis ...201121936384
bacterial vaginosis: what is physiological in vaginal bacteriology? an update and opinion.bacterial vaginosis (bv) was originally described as a sexually transmitted infection caused by a single microbe. the prevailing concept describes bv as a polymicrobial coitus-associated disease of uncertain origin. in this overview the natural history of bv as a monobacterial and polymicrobial entity is examined with respect to the physiological concept of bv in relation to sexual behavior before and after introduction of the hormonal contraceptive pill. bacterial vaginosis, characterized by lo ...201121916857
Potential role of Mycoplasma hominis in interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+ T-cell generation via induction of IL-23 secretion by human dendritic cells.Mycoplasma hominis, a human urogenital pathogen, is involved in genital and extragenital infections and arthritis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The interleukin (IL) 23/T helper (Th) 17 axis is associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the IL-23 response to M. hominis in human dendritic cells (DCs) and the CD4(+) T-cell differentiation in response to M. hominis-infected DCs.201121971287
Liquid-based urine cytology as a tool for detection of human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma in men.Background: Liquid-based urine cytology (LB-URC) was evaluated for cytological diagnosis and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma.Methods: Midstream urine samples were collected from 141 male patients with urethritis and 154 controls without urethritis, and sediment cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. Urethral swabs from urethritis patients were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Papanicolaou tests were performed for cyt ...201122135257
[antioxidative system in pregnant women infected by chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum].the study was performed to evaluate the frequency of cervical infections with chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in women with normal pregnancy and with symptoms of spontaneous abortion or preterm delivery. antioxidant status of pregnant women was assessed. elevated oxidative status is claimed to be one of the factors causing threatened miscarriage and premature labor.201122379935
genital mycoplasma & chlamydia trachomatis infections in treatment naïve hiv-1 infected adults.sexually transmitted infections (stis) enhance the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). thus, screening for stis is a routine component of primary hiv care. there are limited data for selective screening guidelines for genital mycoplasmas and chlamydia trachomatis in hiv-infected adults. the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of genital infections with ureaplasma spp., mycoplasma hominis, m. genitalium and c. trachomatis in treatment naïve asymptomatic hiv-1 - ...201122310829
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