Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. | a cross-sectional study based on a planned sampling was carried out to determine herd-level and animal-level prevalences, and to identify risk factors associated with herd-level prevalence for bovine paratuberculosis in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. the state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (mesoregion of sertão), sampling stratum 2 (mesoregion of borborema), and sampling stratum 3 (mesoregions of zona da mata and agreste). for each sampling stratum, herd- ... | 2015 | 26092721 |
| two state model for a constant disease hazard in paratuberculosis (and other bovine diseases). | many diseases are characterized by a long and varying sub-clinical period. two main mechanisms can explain such periods: a slow progress toward disease or a sudden transition from a healthy state to a disease state induced by internal or external events. we here survey epidemiological features of the amount of bacteria shed during mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) infection to test which of these two models, slow progression or sudden transition (or a combination of the two), better exp ... | 2015 | 26092587 |
| differences in intermittent and continuous fecal shedding patterns between natural and experimental mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in cattle. | the objective of this paper is to study shedding patterns of cows infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). while multiple single farm studies of map dynamics were reported, there is not large scale meta-analysis of both natural and experimental infections. large difference in shedding patterns between experimentally and naturally infected cows were observed. experimental infections are thus probably driven by different pathological mechanisms. for further evaluations of s ... | 2015 | 26092571 |
| the within host dynamics of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle: where time and place matter. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide, causing a significant economic loss to livestock industries. after a prolonged incubation time, infected cattle shed map bacilli into feces and spread the disease to an uninfected animal population. it is largely unknown how (or whether) the interplay between the pathogen and the host immunity determines timing of shedding after the long incubation time ... | 2015 | 26092382 |
| agent-based model for johne's disease dynamics in a dairy herd. | johne's disease is an infectious gastrointestinal disease in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that causes diarrhea, emaciation, decreased milk production and eventually death. the disease is transmitted in utero and via milk and colostrums to calves, and fecal-orally to all age classes. financial losses due to the disease are estimated to be over $200 million in the us dairy industry. the goal of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of control measures ... | 2015 | 26091904 |
| dam mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status does not predetermine calves for future shedding when raised in a contaminated environment: a cohort study. | uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by calves in the first days of life from colostrum, milk and faeces is regarded an important moment of transmission. the objective of this study was to quantify the association between the map status of dams as determined by the presence of map dna and antibody in colostrum and that of dna in faeces and the environment with subsequent map shedding of their daughters. a cohort of 117 dam-daughter pairs giving birth/being born on eight co ... | 2015 | 26091807 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of slaughtered rabbits. | rabbits are susceptible to infection by different species of the genus mycobacterium. particularly, development of specific lesions and isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, both subspecies of the m. avium complex, has been reported in wildlife conditions. although, rabbit meat production worldwide is 200 million tons per year, microbiological data on this source of meat is lacking and more specifically reports of mycobacterial presence in ... | 2015 | 26063469 |
| proteome-scale identification and characterization of mitochondria targeting proteins of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: potential virulence factors modulating host mitochondrial function. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of johne's disease among ruminants. during the course of infection, it expresses a number of proteins for its successful persistence inside the host that cause variety of physiological abnormalities in the host. mitochondrion is one of the attractive targets for pathogenic bacteria. employing a proteome-wide sequence and structural signature based approach we have identified 46 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins as poten ... | 2015 | 26048556 |
| host gene expression for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in human thp-1 macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, which causes considerable economic loss in the dairy industry and has a possible relationship to crohn's disease (cd) in humans. as map has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples, its transmission via milk is of concern. despite its possible role in the etiology of cd, there have been few studies examining the interactions between map and human cells. in the current study, we applied ingenuity ... | 2015 | 25877879 |
| resolution of crohn's disease and complex regional pain syndrome following treatment of paratuberculosis. | a cohort of family members with various chronic diseases including crohn's disease, asthma, complex regional pain syndrome, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and lymphangiomatosis and/or evidence of infection by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are described in this series of case reports. map was cultured from the blood of three members affected by the first five diseases and there was accompanying elevated anti-map igg in two members. the patient affected by the sixth ... | 2015 | 25852293 |
| survey on the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ground beef from an industrial meat plant. | paratuberculosis of ruminants is characterised by chronic enteritis but, at advanced stages of the disease, a systemic dissemination of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in tissues and organs can occur. map has been recovered from lymph nodes and muscles of clinical and sub-clinical cows. in most countries, dairy and beef cattle infected with paratuberculosis are routinely sent to slaughter and the consumption of their meat could be a possible route of human exposure to map. howe ... | 2015 | 25824129 |
| optimisation of dna extraction and validation of pcr assays to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the aim of this study was to investigate dna extraction methods and pcr assays suitable for the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine tissue. the majority of methods currently used to detect m. paratuberculosis have been developed using bovine samples, such as faeces, blood or tissue and, in many cases, have been based on detection from pooled samples from a herd. however most studies have not compared pcr results to culture results. in order to address this problem, four dna ext ... | 2015 | 25797305 |
| limitations of variable number of tandem repeat typing identified through whole genome sequencing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a national and herd level. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative bacterium of johne's disease in dairy cattle, is widespread in the canadian dairy industry and has significant economic and animal welfare implications. an understanding of the population dynamics of map can be used to identify introduction events, improve control efforts and target transmission pathways, although this requires an adequate understanding of map diversity and distribution between herds and across the country. whole g ... | 2015 | 25765045 |
| what role does mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis play in crohn's disease? | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory bowel disease with no etiological agent yet identified. studies have demonstrated that the bacterium mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is present in a high percentage of cd patients. although map has been isolated from human specimens, current techniques fail to show the presence of map in 100 % of tissues or biopsies obtained from cd patient lesions, and thus map cannot meet koch's postulate as the etiological agent of ... | 2015 | 25754452 |
| virulence attenuation of a mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis s-type strain prepared from intestinal mucosa after bacterial culture. evaluation in an experimental ovine model. | the differences in pathogenicity between an inoculum derived directly from an intestinal tissue homogenate from a paratuberculosis affected sheep and the s-type mycobacterium avium subsp. partuberculosis (map) strain isolated in laboratory media from the mentioned homogenate were assessed in two experiments in lambs. specific peripheral immune responses were significantly lower in animals inoculated with the cultured organisms that showed only granulomatous lesions in the intestinal lymphoid tis ... | 2015 | 25744432 |
| proteome-wide b and t cell epitope repertoires in outer membrane proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have vaccine and diagnostic relevance: a holistic approach. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is an etiological agent of chronic inflammation of the intestine among ruminants and humans. currently, there are no effective vaccines and sensitive diagnostic tests available for its control and detection. for this, it is of paramount importance to identify the map antigens, which may be immunologically recognized by the host immune system. to address this challenge, we performed identification of the immunogenic epitopes in the map outer membr ... | 2015 | 25727233 |
| evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in drinking water biofilms. | mycobacterium avium (ma), mycobacterium intracellulare (mi), and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are difficult to culture due to their slow growing nature. a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method for the rapid detection of ma, mi, and map can be used to provide data supporting drinking water biofilms as potential sources of human exposure. the aim of this study was to characterize two qpcr assays targeting partial 16s rrna gene sequences of ma and mi and use thes ... | 2015 | 25719473 |
| improvement of sensitivity for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) detection in bovine fecal samples by specific duplex f57/ic real-time and conventional is900 pcrs after solid culture enrichment. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiological agent of johne's disease in ruminants and a probable pathogen of crohn's disease in humans. accurate, cost-effective, and time-relevant diagnostics are the basis for efficient control programs. this study was conducted as an attempt to re-evaluate map detection improvement by coupling solid media enrichment to a more specific is900 conventional pcr and a very specific f57/ic real-time pcr. in a spiking experiment, we investigat ... | 2015 | 25716216 |
| increased viability but decreased culturability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in macrophages from inflammatory bowel disease patients under infliximab treatment. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has long been implicated as a triggering agent in crohn's disease (cd). in this study, we investigated the growth/persistence of both m. avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) and map, in macrophages from healthy controls (hc), cd and ulcerative colitis patients. for viability assessment, both cfu counts and a pre16srrna rna/dna ratio assay (for map) were used. phagolysosome fusion was evaluated by immunofluorescence, through analysis of lamp-1 colocaliz ... | 2015 | 25702170 |
| blocking the mitogen activated protein kinase-p38 pathway is associated with increase expression of nitric oxide synthase and higher production of nitric oxide by bovine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | this study evaluated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-p38 pathway in the nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression and nitric oxide (no) production by bovine monocyte-derived macrophages ingesting mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) organisms in vitro. bovine monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with map organisms with or without a specific inhibitor of the mapkp38 pathway and activation of the mapkp38, interleukin - (il) il-10, il-12, inos mrna expressi ... | 2015 | 25700780 |
| the vesicle-associated function of nod2 as a link between crohn's disease and mycobacterial infection. | although crohn's disease (cd) etiology remains unclear, a growing body of evidence suggests that cd may include an infectious component, with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) being the most likely candidate for this role. however, the molecular mechanism of the map involvement in cd pathogenesis remains unclear. the polymorphism of the nod2 gene, coding for an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, is a factor of predisposition to mycobacterial infections and cd. recent fin ... | 2015 | 25653718 |
| interferon gamma response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific lipopentapeptide antigen l5p in cattle. | after mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection the cell-mediated immune (cmi) response indicative of early th1 activation may be detected using interferon-gamma release assay (igra). currently, the purified protein derivatives (ppds), i.e., the total extract of mycobacteria antigens are used to recall cmi responses against map. this study aimed to assess the ability of the chemically synthesized map specific cell wall lipopentapeptide l5p to induce cmi response in cows infecte ... | 2015 | 26412530 |
| modelling of paratuberculosis spread between dairy cattle farms at a regional scale. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease, with large economic consequences for dairy cattle producers worldwide. map spread between farms is mainly due to animal movements. locally, herd size and management are expected to influence infection dynamics. to provide a better understanding of map spread between dairy cattle farms at a regional scale, we describe the first spatio-temporal model accounting simultaneously for population and infection dynamics and indirec ... | 2015 | 26407894 |
| characterization and expression of monoclonal antibody-defined molecules on resting and activated bovine αβ, γδ t and nk cells. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for leukocyte differentiation molecules (ldms) were developed during the past few decades to expand reagents for research in ruminants, pigs, and horses. the specificity of some of the mab-defined molecules was determined through participation in international workshops. other molecules identified with mabs during this time, and more recently with mabs developed after the workshops, have remained partially characterized. efforts are now underway to character ... | 2015 | 26384699 |
| comprehensive insights in the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome using new wgs data of sheep strain jiii-386 from germany. | mycobacterium avium (m. a.) subsp. paratuberculosis (map) - the etiologic agent of johne's disease - affects cattle, sheep and other ruminants worldwide. to decipher phenotypic differences among sheep and cattle strains (belonging to map-s [type-i/iii] respectively map-c [type-ii]) comparative genome analysis needs data from diverse isolates originating from different geographic regions of the world. the current study presents the so far best assembled genome of a map-s-strain: sheep isolate jii ... | 2015 | 26384038 |
| comparative genomics between human and animal associated subspecies of the mycobacterium avium complex: a basis for pathogenicity. | a human isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis 43525) was sequenced and compared genomically to other mycobacterial pathogens. m. paratuberculosis 43525 was recently isolated from a patient with ulcerative colitis and belongs to the m. avium complex, a group known to infect both humans and animals. while m. paratuberculosis is a known pathogen of livestock, there are only 20 human isolates from the last 20 years, therefore we took the opportunity to perform a ... | 2015 | 26370227 |
| in silico epitope analysis of unique and membrane associated proteins from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for immunogenicity and vaccine evaluation. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis disease affecting ruminants worldwide. the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate antigens and epitopes by bio and immuno-informatic tools which could be later evaluated as vaccines and/or diagnosis. 110 protein sequences were selected from map k-10 genome database: 48 classified as putative enzymes involved in surface polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, as membrane associated ... | 2015 | 26279134 |
| molecular typing of argentinian mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates by multiple-locus variable number-tandem repeat analysis. | multiple-locus variable number-tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) isolates may contribute to the knowledge of strain diversity in argentina. although the diversity of map has been previously investigated in argentina using is900-rflp, a small number of isolates were employed, and a low discriminative power was reached. the aim of the present study was to test the genetic diversity among map isolates using an mlva approach based on 8 repetitive ... | 2015 | 26273274 |
| within- and between-herd prevalence variation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection among control programme herds in denmark (2011-2013). | this study aimed to estimate the between- (htp) and within- (tp) herd true prevalence distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in dairy cattle herds participating in the danish map control programme. all herds enrolled in the programme between 2011 and 2013 were included in the analysis, and one annual milk-elisa test of all lactating cows present in such herds was considered. a bayesian latent class model was used to obtain htp and tp posterior distributions f ... | 2015 | 26272435 |
| seroprevalence of igg1 and igg4 class antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in japanese population. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the established causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants, and it has also been speculated to be a putative etiological agent of several human autoimmune diseases. it is acknowledged that dairy products deriving from infected animals play a role (could be vehicles) in exposing humans to map. map could stimulate the human immune system by means of their complex antigen (in the case of lipids, multivalent antigens) and may ... | 2015 | 26267654 |
| effect of various dietary regimens on oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a rabbit model. | rabbits are susceptible to infection by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in both wildlife and experimental conditions. under the hypotheses that nutrient balance might influence the establishment of infection, we designed an experiment where map intestinal colonization was assessed under three dietary regimens: high fiber, high protein, and regular diet in new zealand white rabbits submitted to oral challenge with map. lowest weight gain (f=5.17, p=0.024), higher tissue cult ... | 2015 | 26267094 |
| mean effective sensitivity for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle herds. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infections in cattle are generally challenging to detect and cost-effective test strategies are consequently difficult to identify. map-specific antibody elisas for milk and serum are relatively inexpensive, but their utility is influenced by a number of factors such as herd size, herd composition and diagnostic sensitivity. the sensitivity of the test increases with the age of the tested animal, and therefore the general, or "mean effective sens ... | 2015 | 26253222 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a sheep flock in tuscany. | paratuberculosis is an infectious disease which affects ruminants. in this work, a sheep flock in garfagnana district (tuscany, italy) was examined by agar gel immune-diffusion (agid) tests, culture, and pcr from feces, milk, tissue samples, and cheeses. at the first agid test, 7/280 (2.5 %) animals were positive. from these animals, feces and milk samples were collected: 4/7 feces (57.14 %) and 2/7 milk samples (28.57 %) were positive to culture and 7/7 (100 %) feces samples and 1/7 milk sample ... | 2015 | 26245917 |
| risk factors for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis coinfection at individual animal level in southern chile cattle populations. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic intestinal infection mainly in domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) produces a chronic infection principally of the respiratory system. it affects most domestic mammals, wild species, and humans and is spread via the respiratory or oral route. it is important to note that m. bovis is considered a major zoonotic agent. the term coinfection refers to the co ... | 2015 | 26193778 |
| superior protection elicited by live-attenuated vaccines in the murine model of paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) causes johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection in ruminants with severe economic impact on the dairy industry in the usa and worldwide. currently, available vaccines have limited protective efficacy against disease progression and does not prevent spread of the infection among animals. because of their ability to elicit wide-spectrum immune responses, we adopted a live-attenuated vaccine approach based on a sigh knock-out ... | 2015 | 26546738 |
| predicting the role of il-10 in the regulation of the adaptive immune responses in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections using mathematical models. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes johne's disease (jd) in cattle and other animals. the hallmark of map infection in the early stages is a strong protective cell-mediated immune response (th1-type), characterized by antigen-specific γ-interferon (ifn-γ). the th1 response wanes with disease progression and is supplanted by a non-protective humoral immune response (th2-type). interleukin-10 (il-10) is believed to play a critical ro ... | 2015 | 26619346 |
| distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a subclinical naturally infected german fleckvieh bull. | although it has been known for years that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is detectable in the reproductive organs and semen of infected bulls, only few studies have been conducted on this topic worldwide. this study surveyed the map status of a bull, naturally infected due to close contact with its subclinically infected parents over a period of 4 years. from the age of 7 weeks to necropsy, faecal, blood and, after sexual maturity, semen samples were drawn repeatedly. already ... | 2015 | 26671341 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in two different camel species by conventional and molecular techniques. | paratuberculosis (john's disease) is infectious and chronically progressive granulomatous disease which affects domestic and wild ruminants. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), a slow growing mycobactin dependent acid-fast bacillus. we investigated the detection and frequency of map in apparently healthy dromedary and bactrian camels by insertion sequence 900 (is900) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and acid fast staining of fecal samples in iran. acid fast staining ... | 2015 | 26973771 |
| serological studies to determine the occurrence of johne's disease and mycoplasma infection in the northern-east polish population of european bison (bison bonasus). | a serological study of twenty three european bison (bison bonasus) derived from northern-east poland for the seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, mycoplasma bovis, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides sc, mycoplasma agalactiae and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was conducted. only specific antibodies to m. bovis were detected in two animals (8.7%) which were connected with the clinical signs and macroscopic anatomopathological lesions. | 2014 | 25638988 |
| survey of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in road-killed wild carnivores in portugal. | a survey to determine the occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in wild carnivores in portugal was conducted by testing samples from road-killed animals between 2009 and 2012. postmortem examinations were performed and tissues were collected from wild carnivores representing four families and six different species, with a total of 74 animals analyzed. cultures were performed by using löwenstein-jensen and middlebrook 7h11 solid media and acid-fast isolates were identifi ... | 2014 | 25632662 |
| metabolomic profiling in cattle experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the sensitivity of current diagnostics for johne's disease, a slow, progressing enteritis in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is too low to reliably detect all infected animals in the subclinical stage. the objective was to identify individual metabolites or metabolite profiles that could be used as biomarkers of early map infection in ruminants. in a monthly follow-up for 17 months, calves infected at 2 weeks of age were compared with aged-matched controls. ... | 2014 | 25372282 |
| generation and screening of a comprehensive mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis transposon mutant bank. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants. this enteritis has significant economic impact and worldwide distribution. vaccination is one of the most cost effective infectious disease control measures. unfortunately, current vaccines reduce clinical disease and shedding, but are of limited efficacy and do not provide long-term protective immunity. several strategies have been followed to mine the map genome for virulence determinants ... | 2014 | 25360421 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from sheep, cattle and deer on new zealand pastoral farms. | the present study aimed to describe the molecular diversity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) isolates obtained from sheep, cattle (beef and dairy) and deer farms in new zealand. a total of 206 independent map isolates (15 beef cattle, 89 dairy cattle, 35 deer, 67 sheep) were sourced from 172 species-mobs (15 beef cattle, 66 dairy cattle, 31 deer, 60 sheep). seventeen subtypes were identified, using a combination of variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) and short sequence r ... | 2014 | 25315761 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the etiology of crohn's disease, cause or epiphenomenon? | the origin of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. attempts have been made to isolate a microorganism that could explain the onset of inflammation, but no pathological agent has ever been identified. johne's disease is a granulomatous chronic enteritis of cattle and sheep caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and shows some analogies with crohn's disease (cd). several studies have tried to clarify if map has a role in the etiology of cd. the present article provides a ... | 2014 | 25278700 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and neospora caninum in alberta cow-calf operations. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) are two pathogens causing important production limiting diseases in the cattle industry. significant impacts of map and nc have been reported on dairy cattle herds, but little is known about the importance, risk factors and transmission patterns in western canadian cow-calf herds. in this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of map and nc infection in southwest alberta cow-calf herds was estimated, risk factors for nc w ... | 2014 | 25277685 |
| flock-level factors associated with the risk of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in greek dairy goat flocks. | in this cross-sectional study we identified flock-level risk factors for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection, in greek dairy goat flocks. we collected 1599 milk samples from does that were at the last stage of lactation in 58 randomly selected dairy goat flocks, during may to september 2012. the collected samples were tested with a commercial milk elisa (idexxpourquier, montpellier, france) and the results were interpreted at a cut-off that optimized the accuracy of the d ... | 2014 | 25257350 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections of veterinary relevance. | mycobacteria play an important role in human and animal health fields. we here examine the place of non tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections in the veterinary context. relevant aspects of a reference laboratory experience and a literature review are presented in this article. importance is given both to productivity and to economic losses due to misdiagnosis with bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. the impact ntm may have is relative to geographical location, ecology, husbandry, exten ... | 2014 | 25256964 |
| comparison of the antimicrobial activities of gallium nitrate and gallium maltolate against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in vitro. | johne's disease (jd) is an enteric infection of cattle and other ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this study compared the antimicrobial activities of gallium nitrate (gan) and gallium maltolate (gam) against two field map isolates by use of broth culture. the concentrations that resulted in 99% growth inhibition of isolates 1 and 2 were, respectively, 636 µm and 183 µm for gan, and 251 µm and 142 µm for gam. for both isolates, time to detection was significa ... | 2014 | 25155307 |
| variable-number tandem repeats genotyping used to aid and inform management strategies for a bovine johne's disease incursion in tropical and subtropical australia. | the application of variable-number tandem repeats (vntr) genotyping of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates to assist in investigating incidents of bovine johne's disease in a low-prevalence region of australia is described in the current study. isolates from a response to detection of bovine johne's disease in queensland were compared with strains from national and international sources. the tandem application of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (miru) and multilocus s ... | 2014 | 25139793 |
| evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice. | johne's disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), which results in serious economic losses worldwide in farmed livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. to control this disease, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is needed. in order to identify a live vaccine for johne's disease, we evaluated eight attenuated mutant strains of map using a c57bl/6 mouse model. the persistence of the vaccine candidates was measured at 6, 12, and 18 weeks post vaccinat ... | 2014 | 25072031 |
| screening of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutants for attenuation in a bovine monocyte-derived macrophage model. | vaccination remains a major tool for prevention and progression of johne's disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants worldwide. currently there is only one licensed vaccine within the united states and two vaccines licensed internationally against johne's disease. all licensed vaccines reduce fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and delay disease progression. however, there are no available vaccines that prevent disease onset. a joint effort by the johne's disease ... | 2014 | 25072030 |
| preparation and biological properties of ring-substituted naphthalene-1-carboxanilides. | in this study, a series of twenty-two ring-substituted naphthalene-1-carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized carboxanilides was performed against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. n-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-1-carboxamide, n-(3-methoxy-phenyl)naphthalene-1-carboxamide, n-(3-methylphenyl)naphthalene-1-carboxamide, n-(4-methylphenyl)naphthalene-1-carboxamide and n-(3-fluorophenyl)naphthalene-1-carboxamide showed against m. avium s ... | 2014 | 25036151 |
| association between cattle herd mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection and infection of a hare population. | paratuberculosis has long been considered a disease of domestic and wild ruminants only. the known host range of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was recently extended to include non-ruminant wildlife species believed to be exposed to spillover of map from infected domestic cattle herds. the aim of the present study was to assess the association between cattle herd map infection pressure level and the infection level of a hare population in two dairy farms of southern chile. fif ... | 2014 | 25030465 |
| genetic association analysis of paratuberculosis forms in holstein-friesian cattle. | a genetic susceptibility to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infections in ruminants has been longtime suspected to exist. recently, natural infections in cattle have been reclassified into latent and patent forms based on histopathological findings and their associations with immunological and microbiological variables. this study aims to explore whether these newly defined phenotypes are associated with twenty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in six bovine candidate ... | 2014 | 24971191 |
| snp genotyping of animal and human derived isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the aetiological agent of johne's disease (jd), a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects ruminants worldwide. while the ability of map to cause disease in animals is clear, the role of this bacterium in human inflammatory bowel diseases remains unresolved. previous whole genome sequencing of map isolates derived from human and three animal hosts showed that human isolates were genetically similar and showed a close phylogenetic relations ... | 2014 | 24970365 |
| three-dimensional in vitro models of granuloma to study bacteria-host interactions, drug-susceptibility, and resuscitation of dormant mycobacteria. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and t lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant l ... | 2014 | 24967387 |
| effectiveness of gudair™ vaccine for the control of ovine johne's disease in flocks vaccinating for at least 5 years. | examine the prevalence of shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) at least 5 years after starting vaccination with gudair™ in flocks of varying initial prevalence of ovine johne's disease (ojd) and identify risk factors for variation in vaccine efficacy. | 2014 | 24964836 |
| proteome-scale identification of outer membrane proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a structure based combined hierarchical approach. | outer membrane proteins (omps) in eubacteria have several important roles, which range from membrane transport to the host-pathogen interactions. these are directly involved in pathogen attachment, entry and activation of several pathogen-induced signaling cascades in the cell. the cardinal structural features of omps include the presence of a β-barrel, a signal peptide and the absence of the transmembrane helix. this is the first report on proteome-wide identification of omps of ruminant pathog ... | 2014 | 24950976 |
| repeated cycles of chemical and physical disinfection and their influence on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability measured by propidium monoazide f57 quantitative real time pcr. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has a high degree of resistance to chemical and physical procedures frequently used for the elimination of other bacteria. recently, a method for the determination of viability by exposure of map to propidium monoazide (pma) and subsequent real time quantitative pcr (qpcr) was established and found to be comparable with culture. the aim of this study was to apply the pma qpcr method to determine the impact of increasing concentration or time and ... | 2014 | 24934261 |
| lymphatic fluid for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cows by pcr, compared to fecal sampling and detection of antibodies in blood and milk. | johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), can cause considerable economic losses in affected herds. early diagnosis of jd is hampered by the chronic nature of the disease with a slow subclincal progression. the aim of the present study was to challenge the hypothesis that lymphatic fluid is of diagnostic value in the early stages of the disease. lymphatic fluid from 122 animals was collected and tested for map by nested pcr for is900 and compared to the r ... | 2014 | 24930984 |
| expression of genes associated with cholesterol and lipid metabolism identified as a novel pathway in the early pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infection in cattle. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic disease affecting ruminants and other species caused by the pathogenic mycobacterium, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). map has developed a multitude of mechanisms to persist within the host, and these in turn are counteracted by the host through various immune pathways. identifying and characterising the different strategies employed by map to alter the host immune system in its favour, and thereby persist intracellularly, could hold the key to ... | 2014 | 24930699 |
| observed management practices in relation to the risk of infection with paratuberculosis and to the spread of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in swiss dairy and beef herds. | many studies have been conducted to define risk factors for the transmission of bovine paratuberculosis, mostly in countries with large herds. little is known about the epidemiology in infected swiss herds and risk factors important for transmission in smaller herds. therefore, the presence of known factors which might favor the spread of paratuberculosis and could be related to the prevalence at animal level of fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were assessed in 17 in ... | 2014 | 24930008 |
| from mouth to macrophage: mechanisms of innate immune subversion by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric infection of cattle caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the high economic cost and potential zoonotic threat of jd have driven efforts to develop tools and approaches to effectively manage this disease within livestock herds. efforts to control jd through traditional animal management practices are complicated by map's ability to cause long-term environmental contamination as well as difficulties associated with diagnosis of jd i ... | 2014 | 24885748 |
| spread of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis through soil and grass on a mouflon (ovis aries) pasture. | the aims of this study were to describe spatial contamination of the environment on a mouflon pasture, as well as to assess the contamination of grass and roots after surface contamination and in depth contamination with feces and buried tissues from animals infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis). samples of soil, roots, and aerial parts of plants were collected from different locations inside the mouflon pasture, and one control sample site was chosen ... | 2014 | 24880776 |
| sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fallow deer. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. however, commercial elisas have not been validated for detecting antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animals. in this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five elisas using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratube ... | 2014 | 24872517 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is not discerned in diabetes mellitus patients in hyderabad, india. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is an obligate intracellular pathogen. it causes chronic intestinal inflammation in ruminants known as johne's disease and is associated with human crohn's disease. furthermore, association of map with other autoimmune diseases, such as type-1 diabetes, has been established in patients from sardinia (italy) which is a map endemic and genetically isolated region. due to largest livestock population and consequently high map prevalence amidst a very ... | 2014 | 24863528 |
| evaluation of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk using peptide-mediated separation and propidium monoazide qpcr. | the causative agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), although still a matter of debate, has been linked with crohn's and other human diseases. the availability of rapid methods for assessing the viability of map cells in food, in particular milk, could be of great use for risk management in food safety. map viability is generally assessed using culture techniques that require prolonged incubation periods for the growth of map. to differentiate ... | 2014 | 24860938 |
| deletion of rela abrogates the capacity of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis to establish an infection in calves. | previous comparative studies in goats revealed deletion of rela but not pkng abrogates the capacity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) to establish a persistent infection. the immune response elicited by the mutant cleared infection. the objective of the present study was to extend the studies in calves and compare the proliferative response elicited by the rela deletion mutant (δrela) and map using flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription real-time pcr (qrt-pcr). ... | 2014 | 24860792 |
| gene expression profiling and putative biomarkers of calves 3 months after infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease (jd), a chronic granulomatous intestinal inflammation of ruminants. current diagnostic tools lack sensitivity to detect jd early in infection; therefore, alternatives are desired. the objective was to identify potential biomarkers in whole blood of high- and low-dose (ld) map-challenged holstein-friesian calves 3 months after inoculation. infected calves were designated map-positive using the ifn-γ release assay. differenti ... | 2014 | 24841487 |
| evidence of passive faecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a limousin cattle herd. | it has been suggested that passive shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in faeces may occur, but reliable data are missing. passive shedding assumes the ingestion of map in contaminated feed and passive passage through the gastrointestinal tract without causing infection. in this study the presence of map in faeces in a closed herd of limousin cattle was monitored for 53 months using quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) and culture. the initial prevalence of map in the herd ... | 2014 | 24836889 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies and hepatitis e virus in raw meat products. | meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. we ascertained the occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis e virus in retail raw meat products. the dna of at least one of the target m. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the dna of mycobacterium avium subsp. ... | 2014 | 24490931 |
| 'global warming' to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | 2014 | 25156371 | |
| domino effect of hypomagnesemia on the innate immunity of crohn's disease patients. | digestive diseases play major role in development and complications of other disorders including diabetes. for example, crohn's disease (cd) is an inflammatory bowel disease associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. the inflammation is a complex process that involves the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses. cd lesions are primarily due to t cell response, however; innate immune response has a significant role in initiating its pathogenesis. toll-like rece ... | 2014 | 25126398 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes crohn's disease in some inflammatory bowel disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory condition that plagues millions all over the world. this debilitating bowel disease can start in early childhood and continue into late adulthood. signs and symptoms are usually many and multiple tests are often required for the diagnosis and confirmation of this disease. however, little is still understood about the cause(s) of cd. as a result, several theories have been proposed over the years. one theory in particular is that mycobacterium avium ... | 2014 | 24966610 |
| lcd array and is900 efficiency in relation to traditional diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle in egypt. | this study aimed to compare traditional tests (johnin test, fecal staining and fecal culture) with advanced laboratory tests (elisa, lcd array and is900 pcr) for detection of johne's disease. a total of 365 holstein-friesian dairy cattle (40 express profuse diarrhea unresponsive to treatment and 325 contacting them) tested with johnin test, blood collected for elisa and fecal samples for fecal staining as well as fecal culture, application of lcd array and pcr using is900 on dna extracted from m ... | 2014 | 26786331 |
| short communication: effect of homogenization on heat inactivation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) can be present in cow milk and low numbers may survive high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurization. although htst treatment leads to inactivation of at least 5 log10 cycles, it might become necessary to enhance the efficacy of htst by additional treatments such as homogenization if the debate about the role of map in crohn's disease of humans concludes that map is a zoonotic agent. this study aimed to determine whether disrupting the clumps ... | 2014 | 24485679 |
| epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis peptides are cross recognized by anti-myelin basic protein antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients. | epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been associated to multiple sclerosis (ms). we searched for antibodies against the homologous peptides epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1)400-413, map_0106c protein (map)121-132, and myelin basic protein (mbp)85-98 on a ms sardinian cohort, showing that these antibodies are highly prevalent among ms patients compared to healthy controls. competitive assay demonstrated that antibodies recognizing ebna1400-413 a ... | 2014 | 24642384 |
| a murine oral model for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and immunomodulation with lactobacillus casei atcc 334. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) the causative agent of johne's disease, is one of the most serious infectious diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. due to the chronic nature of this disease and no feasible control strategy, it is essential to have an efficient animal model which is representative of the natural route of infection as well as a viable treatment option. in this report, we evaluated the effect of different doses of m. paratuberculosis in their ability ... | 2014 | 24551602 |
| enhanced expression of codon optimized mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in lactobacillus salivarius. | it is well documented that open reading frames containing high gc content show poor expression in a+t rich hosts. specifically, g+c-rich codon usage is a limiting factor in heterologous expression of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) proteins using lactobacillus salivarius. however, re-engineering opening reading frames through synonymous substitutions can offset codon bias and greatly enhance map protein production in this host. in this report, we demonstrate that codon-usage ma ... | 2014 | 25237653 |
| role of the intestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation in inflammatory bowel diseases. | ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). despite intensive study, it is still challenging because the precise etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear. studies have shown that ibd is associated with changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, as either a cause or a consequence of abnormal host immune response in genetic susceptible population. two specific microorganisms (mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and escheric ... | 2014 | 25389085 |
| disruption of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific genes impairs in vivo fitness. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects many ruminant species. the acquisition of foreign genes via horizontal gene transfer has been postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis, as these genetic elements are absent from its putative ancestor, m. avium subsp. hominissuis (mah), an environmental organism with lesser pathogenicity. in this study, high-throughput sequencing of map transposon libraries were analyzed to qualitatively and q ... | 2014 | 24885784 |
| the immunodominant t-cell epitopes of the mycolyl-transferases of the antigen 85 complex of m. tuberculosis. | the ag85 complex is a 30-32 kda family of three proteins (ag85a, ag85b, and ag85c), which all three possess enzymatic mycolyl-transferase activity involved in the coupling of mycolic acids to the arabinogalactan of the cell wall and in the biogenesis of cord factor. by virtue of their strong potential to induce th1-type immune responses, important for the control of intracellular infections, members of the ag85 family rank among the most promising tb vaccine candidate antigens. ag85a and ag85b, ... | 2014 | 25071781 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates induce in vitro granuloma formation and show successful survival phenotype, common anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses within ovine macrophages regardless of genotype or host of origin. | the analysis of the early macrophage responses, including bacterial growth within macrophages, represents a powerful tool to characterize the virulence of clinical isolates of mycobcaterium avium susbp. paratuberculosis (map). the present study represents the first assessment of the intracellular behaviour in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) of map isolates representing distinct genotypes (c, s and b), and isolated from cattle, sheep, goat, fallow deer, deer, and wild boar. intracellula ... | 2014 | 25111300 |
| evaluation of the microbial safety of child food of animal origin in greece. | foodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially for children, even in the developed world. the aim of this study was to assess the microbial safety of food of animal origin intended for consumption by children in greece. sampling involved 8 categories of retail products and was completed with a collection of 850 samples. these were tested by pcr and/or culture for listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., cronobacter sakazakii, b ... | 2014 | 24506312 |
| infliximab therapy increases the frequency of circulating cd16(+) monocytes and modifies macrophage cytokine response to bacterial infection. | crohn's disease (cd) has been correlated with altered macrophage response to microorganisms. considering the efficacy of infliximab treatment on cd remission, we investigated infliximab effects on circulating monocyte subsets and on macrophage cytokine response to bacteria. human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained from cd patients, treated or not with infliximab. macrophages were infected with escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberc ... | 2014 | 24816497 |
| infectious pathogens potentially transmitted by semen of the black variety of the manchega sheep breed: health constraints for conservation purposes. | conservation of genetic resources from endangered breeds may be conducted through germinal banks. preservation of healthy samples is paramount to avoid preserving pathogens shed with germinal products. the black variety of manchega sheep (bms), and endangered breed endemic to south-central spain, is the subject of a conservation program; a germinal bank has been recently established. however, several pathogens circulating in bms flocks may be shed with semen and threaten bms preservation. theref ... | 2014 | 25066603 |
| pathogens of zoonotic and biological importance in roe deer (capreolus capreolus): seroprevalence in an agro-system population in france. | antibody prevalence for several infectious and parasitic diseases in a population of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) inhabiting a mixed agricultural landscape (south of france) has been analyzed. serological analyses with elisa in 245 animals captured from 2008 to 2012 has been performed. we found a high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii (46.4%), chlamydophila abortus (17.27%) and coxiella burnetii (11.26%) compared to other studies in europe. seroprevalence varied strongly among years for t. gondi ... | 2014 | 24576494 |
| development and evaluation of a novel multicopy-element-targeting triplex pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces. | the enteropathy called paratuberculosis (ptb), which mainly affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this disease significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of ruminant farms, and therefore, reliable and rapid detection methods are needed to control the spread of the bacterium in livestock and in the environment. the aim of this study was to identify a specific and sensitive combination of dna extraction and amplification to ... | 2014 | 24727272 |
| pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter? | in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ... | 2014 | 24517283 |
| description of a novel adhesin of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the binding and ingestion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by host cells are fibronectin (fn) dependent. in several species of mycobacteria, a specific family of proteins allows the attachment and internalization of these bacteria by epithelial cells through interaction with fn. thus, the identification of adhesion molecules is essential to understand the pathogenesis of map. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize fn binding cell wall proteins of map. we searc ... | 2014 | 25136616 |
| pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders: revisiting gastrointestinal involvement and immune imbalance. | autism spectrum disorders (asd) comprise a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that begin in early childhood and are characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral problems including restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asd, most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis. a number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal (gi) abnormalities and immune imbalance ha ... | 2014 | 25110424 |
| antigenicity in sheep of synthetic peptides derived from stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins and comparison with recombinant protein and complex native antigens. | serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the most commonly used test for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants. however, the assay requires serum preabsorption with mycobacterium phlei proteins to reduce cross reactions potentially contributed by the exposure of livestock to environmental mycobacteria. to trial the discovery of novel antigens which do not require serum absorption, synthetic map-specific peptides were selected based on in silic ... | 2014 | 23815825 |
| evaluation of novel oral vaccine candidates and validation of a caprine model of johne's disease. | johne's disease (jd) caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a major threat to the dairy industry and possibly some cases of crohn's disease in humans. a map vaccine that reduced of clinical disease and/or reduced fecal shedding would aid in the control of jd. the objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the efficacy of 5 attenuated strains of map as vaccine candidates compared to a commercial control vaccine using the protocol proposed by the johne's disease inte ... | 2014 | 24624365 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody response, fecal shedding, and antibody cross-reactivity to mycobacterium bovis in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle herds vaccinated against johne's disease. | vaccination for johne's disease with killed inactivated vaccine in cattle herds has shown variable success. the vaccine delays the onset of disease but does not afford complete protection. johne's disease vaccination has also been reported to interfere with measurements of cell-mediated immune responses for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. temporal antibody responses and fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease, were measured in 2 ... | 2014 | 24623626 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection augments innate immune responses following intestinal epithelial injury. | we wanted to determine if augmented innate immune activation is associated with lesion development in a mycobacterial enhanced intestinal injury model. we evaluated the local immune response in a mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis + dextran sulfate sodium (map + dss) model using balb/c and severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. map + dss balb/c and scid mice displayed a similar disease phenotype. moreover, map + dss scid mice had increased expression of interleukin 1β (il-1β), tumor necr ... | 2014 | 24569700 |
| association between caudal fold tuberculin test responses and results of an elisa for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and mycobacterial culture of feces in tuberculosis-free dairy herds. | objective--to evaluate associations between mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) and caudal fold tuberculin (cft) test results in cattle. design--longitudinal and cross-sectional evaluations. animals--1 california (approx 3,600 cows) and 3 colorado (approx 640, 1,190, and 1,480 cows) dairy herds considered free of mycobacterium bovis infection. procedures--in the california herd, the association between cft response and map status was determined with elisa and mycobacterial culture o ... | 2014 | 24548233 |
| development of a novel dna extraction method for identification and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from tissue samples by real-time pcr. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease in ruminants and possibly associated with human crohn's disease. one impediment in furthering our understanding of this potential association has been the lack of an accurate method for detection of map in affected tissues. real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methods have been reported to have different sensitivities in detection of map. this is in part attributable to the difficulties of extract ... | 2014 | 24534783 |
| reliability of environmental sampling culture results using the negative binomial intraclass correlation coefficient. | the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc) is commonly used to estimate the similarity between quantitative measures obtained from different sources. overdispersed data is traditionally transformed so that linear mixed model (lmm) based icc can be estimated. a common transformation used is the natural logarithm. the reliability of environmental sampling of fecal slurry on freestall pens has been estimated for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using the natural logarithm transformed c ... | 2014 | 24516783 |
| persistence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in endangered florida key deer and key deer habitat. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was first reported in the endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) in 1996 on big pine key, florida, usa. by 2008, eight additional map-positive key deer had been identified on big pine key and the nearby newfound harbor keys. this study was conducted to determine if map was still present in key deer and whether natural or man-made freshwater sources were contaminated with map. between november 2009 and september 2012, map was isolate ... | 2014 | 24506424 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from human breast milk. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants and has also been associated with human crohn's disease. we report the complete genome sequence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from the breast milk of a crohn's disease patient. this sequence has high identity with characterized strains recovered from cattle. | 2014 | 24503996 |