Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease. | the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is unknown, but it is thought to arise from an aberrant immune response to a change in colonic environment in a genetically susceptible individual. the intestinal microbiota are located at the complex interface of the epithelial barrier and are sensitive to changes in environmental factors, such as diets, drugs or smoking and signals derived from the intestinal immune system and the gut-brain axis. in patients with ibd, an imbalance in the structu ... | 2017 | 28147375 |
| epidemiology and factors related to clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. | we aimed to investigate epidemiology and host- and pathogen-related factors associated with clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children after rotavirus vaccination introduction. factors assessed included age, co-infection with more than 2 viruses, and virus-toxigenic clostridium difficile co-detection. fecal samples and clinical information, including modified vesikari scores, were collected from hospitalized children with age. the presence of enteric viruses and bacteria, inclu ... | 2017 | 28145650 |
| high prevalence of toxigenic clostridium difficile in public space lawns in western australia. | clostridium difficile is a well-established hospital pathogen. recently, it has been detected increasingly in patients without hospital contact. given this rise in community associated infections with c. difficile, we hypothesized that the environment could play an important role in transmission of spores outside the hospital. lawn samples (311) collected in public spaces in the metropolitan area of perth, western australia, from february to june 2016 were cultured for c. difficile. c. difficile ... | 2017 | 28145453 |
| geriatric infectious diseases: current concepts on diagnosis and management. | new information on infectious diseases in older adults has become available in the past 20 years. in this review, in-depth discussions on the general problem of geriatric infectious diseases (epidemiology, pathogenesis, age-related host defenses, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach); diagnosis and management of bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and clostridium difficile infection; and the unique challenges of diagnosing and managing infections in a long-term care setting are ... | 2017 | 28140454 |
| use of antibiotic and prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in-patients with spinal cord injuries: a uk national spinal injury centre experience. | this was a retrospective audit, with the aims being to (1) record the use of antibiotics; (2) establish the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad); and (3) assess if there was any seasonal variation in antibiotic use and incidence of aad. | 2017 | 28139662 |
| a clostridium difficile lineage endemic to costa rican hospitals is multidrug resistant by acquisition of chromosomal mutations and novel mobile genetic elements. | the antimicrobial resistance (amr) rates and levels recorded for clostridium difficile are on the rise. this study reports the nature, levels, diversity, and genomic context of the antimicrobial resistance of human c. difficile isolates of the napcr1/rt012/st54 genotype, which caused an outbreak in 2009 and is endemic in costa rican hospitals. to this end, we determined the susceptibilities of 38 napcr1 isolates to 10 antibiotics from seven classes using etests or macrodilution tests and examine ... | 2017 | 28137804 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal disorders. | the importance of the gut microbiome in human health is being increasingly recognized. the purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature pertaining to alterations in the gut microbiome and the utility of microbiome restoration therapies in gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28134687 |
| novel antibiotics in development to treat clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) remain a challenge to treat clinically due primarily to limited number of antibiotics available and unacceptably high recurrence rates. because of this, there has been significant demand for creating innovative therapeutics, which has resulted in the development of several novel antibiotics. | 2017 | 28134686 |
| clostridium difficile infection: an orthopaedic surgeon's guide to epidemiology, management, and prevention. | clostridium difficile infection is a growing concern in health care and is a worrisome complication in orthopaedics. the incidence and severity of this infection are increasing, although the incidence following orthopaedic surgery is comparatively lower than that seen in patients in most other surgical specialties. the typical geriatric orthopaedic patient may have many risk factors that increase the likelihood of c difficile infection, including advanced age, residence in a long-term care facil ... | 2017 | 28134674 |
| acquisition and retention of clostridium difficile by musca domestica larvae and pupae during metamorphosis. | transfer of clostridium difficile by musca domestica has been demonstrated, revealing their potential for disseminating infection in the hospital environment. | 2017 | 28233578 |
| the safety of appropriate use of over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors: an evidence-based review and delphi consensus. | the availability of over-the-counter (otc) proton pump inhibitors (ppis) for the short-term (2 weeks) management of frequent heartburn (≥2 days/week) has increased markedly, yet evidence-based recommendations have not been developed. a panel of nine international experts in gastroesophageal reflux disease developed consensus statements regarding the risks and benefits of otc ppis using a modified delphi process. consensus (based on ≥80% approval) was reached through multiple rounds of remote vot ... | 2017 | 28233274 |
| epitopes and mechanism of action of the clostridium difficile toxin a-neutralizing antibody actoxumab. | the exotoxins toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) are produced by the bacterial pathogen clostridium difficile and are responsible for the pathology associated with c. difficile infection (cdi). the antitoxin antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab bind to and neutralize tcda and tcdb, respectively. bezlotoxumab was recently approved by the fda for reducing the recurrence of cdi. we have previously shown that a single molecule of bezlotoxumab binds to two distinct epitopes within the tcdb combined r ... | 2017 | 28232034 |
| the cwb2 cell wall-anchoring module is revealed by the crystal structures of the clostridium difficile cell wall proteins cwp8 and cwp6. | bacterial cell wall proteins play crucial roles in cell survival, growth, and environmental interactions. in gram-positive bacteria, cell wall proteins include several types that are non-covalently attached via cell wall binding domains. of the two conserved surface-layer (s-layer)-anchoring modules composed of three tandem slh or cwb2 domains, the latter have so far eluded structural insight. the crystal structures of cwp8 and cwp6 reveal multi-domain proteins, each containing an embedded cwb2 ... | 2017 | 28132783 |
| the burden of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection in a non-metropolitan setting. | healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (hca-cdi) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. however, few data exist on the burden of hca-cdi in multi-site non-metropolitan settings. this study examined the introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (asp) in relation to hca-cdi rates, and the effect of hca-cdi on length of stay (los) and hospital costs. | 2017 | 28131640 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: a clinical review. | clostridium difficile colitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical patient. in recent years, clostridium difficile infections have shown marked increases in frequency, severity, and resistance to standard treatment. with urgent operative interventions and novel endoscopic approaches, pseudomembranous colitis is being seen more commonly in surgical practices. | 2017 | 28131326 |
| key advantages of a targeted incident reporting system for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents. | there is little guidance on how to design and implement an incident reporting system (irs) targeted at one of the most common types of adverse events in hospitals: hospital-associated infections. in this article, we describe an irs for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents and highlight its key advantages. | 2017 | 28130951 |
| clinical implications of emerging data on the safety of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppi) are among the safest class of drugs used by all care providers, including gastroenterologists. they are the mainstay in treatment of acid-related disease, in particular, gastroesophageal reflux disease. without them, many patients would experience a major decrement in their quality of life. however, no drug is without side effects or adverse events. in the past decade, numerous reports, principally case control studies and meta-analyses, have raised questions about i ... | 2017 | 28130652 |
| effects of control interventions on clostridium difficile infection in england: an observational study. | the control of clostridium difficile infections is an international clinical challenge. the incidence of c difficile in england declined by roughly 80% after 2006, following the implementation of national control policies; we tested two hypotheses to investigate their role in this decline. first, if c difficile infection declines in england were driven by reductions in use of particular antibiotics, then incidence of c difficile infections caused by resistant isolates should decline faster than ... | 2017 | 28130063 |
| fluoroquinolone restriction to control fluoroquinolone-resistant clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28130062 | |
| [reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile: report of two cases and literature review]. | reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile infection is uncommon. | 2017 | 28129954 |
| challenges in fecal donor selection and screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: a review. | fecal microbiota transplantation is best understood as an effective and inexpensive therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection but fecal donor selection and screening should be periodically revised. here, we review current recommendations for selection and screening of fecal donors for fecal microbiota transplantation. we recommend considering diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular events, and clinical healthcare exposure as fecal donor exclusion criteria until more is known about th ... | 2017 | 28129018 |
| lactulose is associated with decreased risk of clostridium difficile infection in decompensated cirrhosis. | 2017 | 28126426 | |
| [breaking paradigms. intestinal microbiota transplantation: preliminar report]. | in the fourth century, during the chinese dong jin dynasty, the doctor ge hong described good results after the oral administration of a suspension prepared from human faeces in patients with severe diarrhoea or food poisoning. faecal microbiota transplantation has been used for five years in order to treat different diseases in addition to the severe diarrhoea caused by clostridium difficile(1). this paper aims to confirm that intestinal microbiota transplantation succeeds in reducing the negat ... | 2017 | 28126184 |
| profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. | fecal microbiota transplantation is a compelling treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections, with potential applications against other diseases associated with changes in gut microbiota. but variability in fecal bacterial communities-believed to be the therapeutic agent-can complicate or undermine treatment efficacy. to understand the effects of transplant preparation methods on living fecal microbial communities, we applied a dna-sequencing method (pma-seq) that uses propidium mon ... | 2017 | 28125667 |
| development of a novel vaccine containing binary toxin for the prevention of clostridium difficile disease with enhanced efficacy against nap1 strains. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the developed world. the main virulence factors of the bacterium are the large clostridial toxins (lcts), tcda and tcdb, which are largely responsible for the symptoms of the disease. recent outbreaks of cdi have been associated with the emergence of hypervirulent strains, such as nap1/bi/027, many strains of which also produce a third toxin, binary toxin (cdta and cdtb). these hypervirulent strains have been as ... | 2017 | 28125650 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in thailand. | little is known about clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in asia generally, and specifically in thailand. given the high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic usage in this region, cdi is likely to be common. this study investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of cdi in thailand. stool specimens collected from inpatients with diarrhoea at siriraj hospital in bangkok (n = 422) were cultured on chromid cdiff agar and any presumptive c. difficile colonies were identified, pcr ribo ... | 2017 | 28119780 |
| salubrinal protects against clostridium difficile toxin b-induced ct26 cell death. | clostridium difficile(c. difficile) is considered to be the major cause of the antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in animals and humans. the prevalence of c. difficile infections (cdi) has been increasing since 2000. two exotoxins of c. difficile, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), are the main virulence factors of cdi, which can induce glucosylation of rho gtpases in host cytosol, leading to cell morphological changes, cell apoptosis, and cell death. the mechanism of tc ... | 2017 | 28119311 |
| a report of the efforts of the veterans health administration national antimicrobial stewardship initiative. | objective to detail the activities of the veterans health administration (vha) antimicrobial stewardship initiative and evaluate outcomes of the program. design observational analysis. setting the vha is a large integrated healthcare system serving approximately 6 million individuals annually at more than 140 medical facilities. methods utilization of nationally developed resources, proportional distribution of antibiotics, changes in stewardship practices and patient safety measures were report ... | 2017 | 28118861 |
| relevance of indeterminate clostridium difficile screening tests with detectable toxin genes: colonization or c. difficile disease? | 2017 | 28116970 | |
| clostridium difficile infection and patient-specific antimicrobial resistance testing reveals a high metronidazole resistance rate. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection (cdi) causes marked morbidity and mortality, accounting for large healthcare expenditures annually. current cdi treatment guidelines focus on clinical markers of patient severity to determine the preferred antibiotic regimen of metronidazole versus vancomycin. the antimicrobial resistance patterns for patients with cd are currently unknown. | 2017 | 28116592 |
| [gastrointestinal infections]. | infectious diarrhea is one of the most common diseases. this article summarizes the current state of the diagnostics and treatment and includes the most important pathogens, i.e. norovirus, rotavirus, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli. infections caused by toxin-producing strains of clostridium difficile are described in more detail due to the increasing importance. symptomatic therapy is still the most important component of treatment. empirical antibiotic ther ... | 2017 | 28116471 |
| lack of adherence to shea-idsa treatment guidelines for clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality. | the objective of this study was to determine our institution's compliance with 2010 society for healthcare epidemiology of america and idsa clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment guidelines and their respective outcomes. | 2017 | 28115504 |
| the clostridium difficile quorum-sensing molecule alters the staphylococcus aureus toxin expression profile. | 2017 | 28111286 | |
| subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078/126 isolates of human and animal origin. | the clostridium difficile pcr ribotype complex 078/126 (rt078/126) is often involved in human disease and is also frequently isolated from diverse animal species. the high genetic relatedness between human and animal rt078/126 isolates found in different regions has encouraged discussion about the zoonotic potential of this lineage. we compared for the first time the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and animal c. difficile rt078/126 isolates from spain. a coll ... | 2017 | 28110780 |
| development of clostridium difficile r20291δpaloc model strains and in vitro methodologies reveals cdtr is required for the production of cdt to cytotoxic levels. | assessing the regulation of clostridium difficile transferase (cdt), is complicated by the presence of a pathogenicity locus (paloc) which encodes toxins a and b. here we developed r20291δpaloc model strains and cell-based assays to quantify cdt-mediated virulence. their application demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator, cdtr, was required for cdt-mediated cytotoxicity. | 2017 | 28108389 |
| c. difficile pcr-ribotype 023 might go undetected when using chromid c. difficile agar. | we compared the performance of the new chromogenic medium chromid c. difficile with that of clo agar. chromid c. difficile agar is a sensitive medium that can accelerate the presumptive identification of c. difficile, however ribotype 023 might go undetected when using this chromogenic medium. | 2017 | 28108388 |
| [efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 406 cases with gastrointestinal disorders]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28105618 |
| the mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology. | probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. however, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available. | 2017 | 28104319 |
| enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile (the benefits of enhanced terminal room disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. | patients admitted to hospital can acquire multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile from inadequately disinfected environmental surfaces. we determined the effect of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, c difficile, and multidrug-resistant acinetobacter. | 2017 | 28104287 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of five competing strategies for the management of multiple recurrent community-onset clostridium difficile infection in france. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is characterized by high rates of recurrence, resulting in substantial health care costs. the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatments for the management of second recurrence of community-onset cdi in france. | 2017 | 28103289 |
| treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | we recently compared results of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in patients with refractory, recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi), with and without underlying inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). here we extend this cohort and analyze outcomes in greater detail by subtype of ibd. we find that fmt is generally effective in breaking the cycle of cdi recurrence, but its effects on overall ibd progression are much less predictable. we discuss several challenges intrinsic to this comp ... | 2017 | 28102756 |
| impact of humic acids on the colonic microbiome in healthy volunteers. | to test the effects of humic acids on innate microbial communities of the colon. | 2017 | 28223733 |
| role of the leukocyte response in normal and immunocompromised host after clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in the united states. clinically, c. difficile-associated disease can present as asymptomatic colonization, self-limited diarrheal illness or severe colitis (that may result in death). this variability in disease course and outcomes suggests that host factors play an important role as key determinants of disease severity. currently, there are several scoring indices to estimate severity of c. difficile-associated dise ... | 2017 | 28223256 |
| comparative performance study of six commercial molecular assays for rapid detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile. | rapid and accurate detection of clostridium difficile in stool affects patient treatment and containment efforts. detection of c. difficile toxin genes using nucleic acid amplification techniques (naat) is part of a multistep algorithm. our objective was to directly compare the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of six commercial c. difficile naat. | 2017 | 28223147 |
| is follow-up testing with the filmarray gastrointestinal multiplex pcr panel necessary? | the filmarray gastrointestinal (gi) panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut) is a simple, sample-to-answer, on-demand, multiplex, nucleic acid amplification test for syndromic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to measure the yield of follow-up testing with filmarray gi panel within 4 weeks of an initial test. consecutive adult and pediatric patients tested at an academic institution between august 2015 and june 2016 were included in this study. of 145 foll ... | 2017 | 28122874 |
| a decade of development of chromogenic culture media for clinical microbiology in an era of molecular diagnostics. | in the last 25 years, chromogenic culture media have found widespread application in diagnostic clinical microbiology. in the last decade, the range of media available to clinical laboratories has expanded greatly, allowing specific detection of additional pathogens, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, group b streptococci, clostridium difficile, campylobacter spp., and yersinia enterocolitica. new media have also been developed to screen for pathogens with acquired antimicrobial resistance, inclu ... | 2017 | 28122803 |
| bezlotoxumab - a new agent for clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28121509 | |
| bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | background clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against c. difficile toxins a and b, respectively. methods we conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, modify i and modify ii, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent c. difficile infection. particip ... | 2017 | 28121498 |
| fidaxomicin for treatment of clostridium difficile infection in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study in a french university hospital. | two randomized controlled trials (rcts) showed the non-inferiority of fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment and its superiority regarding recurrence rate. the aim of this study was to evaluate fidaxomicin's efficacy in clinical practice. | 2017 | 28120176 |
| a clostridium difficile-specific, gel-forming protein required for optimal spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming obligate anaerobe that is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. in order for c. difficile to initiate infection, its aerotolerant spore form must germinate in the gut of mammalian hosts. while almost all spore-forming organisms use transmembrane germinant receptors to trigger germination, c. difficile uses the pseudoprotease cspc to sense bile salt germinants. cspc activates the related subtilisin-like protease cspb, w ... | 2017 | 28096487 |
| streptococcus gordonii-a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection in a total hip replacement. | a 69-year-old female with a history of bilateral total hip replacements presented with rigors, fever and sudden onset left groin pain. a pelvic x-ray showed well-fixed implants. blood results revealed a leucocytosis (white cell count 22.3 × 10(9) l(-1)) and elevated c-reactive protein (211 mg/l). ultrasound-guided aspiration of her left hip grew streptococcus gordonii no source infection could be identified apart from a new chronic sinus infection in a left upper incisor. following a discussion ... | 2017 | 28096320 |
| an evaluation of food as a potential source for clostridium difficile acquisition in hospitalized patients - corrigendum. | 2017 | 28095947 | |
| management of clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: expert review from the clinical practice updates committee of the aga institute. | the purpose of this expert review is to synthesize the existing evidence on the management of clostridium difficile infection in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. the evidence reviewed in this article is a summation of relevant scientific publications, expert opinion statements, and current practice guidelines. this review is a summary of expert opinion in the field without a formal systematic review of evidence. best practice advice 1: clinicians should test patients who pres ... | 2017 | 28093134 |
| evaluation of risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | the primary objective was to determine the impact of hematologic malignancies and/or conditioning regimens on the risk of developing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). secondary objectives were to determine if traditional cdi risk factors applied to patients undergoing hsct and to determine the presence of cdi markers of severity of illness among this patient population. | 2017 | 28226419 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection: associated hospitalization in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults. | clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. the aim of this study was to describe and compare length of stay (los), costs, and in-hospital deaths for c difficile infection (cdi) and non-cdi hospitalizations, in a cohort of middle-aged and older australians. | 2017 | 28089675 |
| european consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an important therapeutic option for clostridium difficile infection. promising findings suggest that fmt may play a role also in the management of other disorders associated with the alteration of gut microbiota. although the health community is assessing fmt with renewed interest and patients are becoming more aware, there are technical and logistical issues in establishing such a non-standardised treatment into the clinical practice with safety and pr ... | 2017 | 28087657 |
| transrectal mesh erosion requiring bowel resection. | to report a case of a transrectal mesh erosion as complication of laparoscopic promontofixation with mesh repair, necessitating bowel resection and subsequent surgical interventions. | 2017 | 28087481 |
| clostridium difficile rates in asymptomatic and symptomatic hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | the clostridium difficile rate in symptomatic patients represents both those with c. difficile infection (cdi) and those with colonization. to predict the extent of cdi overdiagnosis, we compared the asymptomatic colonization rate to the symptomatic positivity rate in hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | 2017 | 28087170 |
| effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in elderly patients: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile bacteria are a leading cause of infectious diarrhea. this is an anaerobic, gram-positive and spore-forming rod responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially among elderly hospitalized patients. standard management of c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) consists of discontinuing a causative antibiotic, correcting fluid-electrolytes imbalance and initiating an antibiotic treatment for cdad. alternative approaches for prevention of cdad include probiotics ... | 2017 | 28085732 |
| diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for oncology patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28084885 | |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in the oncology patient. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. oncology patients are particularly at risk of this infection secondary to frequent exposure to known risk factors. in a population in which diarrhea is a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic regimens, diagnosis can be challenging secondary to current limitations in testing to differentiate between colonization and active infection. although severa ... | 2017 | 28084880 |
| clostridium difficile and the consequences of progress. | 2017 | 28084877 | |
| clostridium difficile infection and risk of colectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a bias-adjusted meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) and is associated with worse outcome. variable rates of colectomy have been reported among ibd complicated by cdi. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the association between cdi and colectomy among patients with ibd. | 2017 | 28079620 |
| clostridium difficile infection in cystic fibrosis: an uncommon but life-threatening complication. | adults with cystic fibrosis (cf) have significant rates of asymptomatic clostridium difficile carriage and are frequently exposed to risk factors for c. difficile infection (cdi). despite this, the rate of reported cdi in cf is low. we describe three cases of near fatal cdi in adults with cf and review the literature regarding presentation, management, and recurrence prevention. early recognition is important as the clinical presentation may be atypical and the illness can be severe and even lif ... | 2017 | 28078087 |
| point-counterpoint: what is the optimal approach for detection of clostridium difficile infection? | introductionin 2010, we published an initial point-counterpoint on the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). at that time, nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) were just becoming commercially available, and the idea of algorithmic approaches to cdi was being explored. now, there are numerous naats in the marketplace, and based on recent proficiency test surveys, they have become the predominant method used for cdi diagnosis in the united states. at the same time, the ... | 2017 | 28077697 |
| laboratory testing of donors and stool samples for fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation is an efficacious and inexpensive therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection, yet its safety is thought to depend on appropriate fecal donor screening. fda guidance for regulation of this procedure is in flux, but screening and manufacture of fecal material from asymptomatic donors present many challenges to clinical laboratories. this minireview summarizes fda regulatory changes, principles of donor selection, and recommended laboratory screening prac ... | 2017 | 28077694 |
| clostridium difficile infection in older adults: systematic review of efforts to reduce occurrence and improve outcomes. | provide a systematic review of the primary literature on efforts to reduce clostridium difficile infection (cdi) occurrence and improve outcomes in older adults. | 2017 | 28077203 |
| surveillance of clostridium difficile infections: results from a six-year retrospective study in nine hospitals of a north italian local health authority. | clostridium difficile is an emerging cause of healthcare associated infections. in nine hospitals of an italian local health authority the episodes of c. difficile infection (cdi) were identified using the data registered by the centralized laboratory information system, from 2010 to 2015. cdi incidence (positive patients for a and/or b toxins per patients-days) was analysed per year, hospital, and ward. a number of cases approximately equivalent to the mean of identified cases per year were stu ... | 2017 | 28075419 |
| noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of prevotella phocaeensis sp. nov., a new anaerobic species isolated from human gut infected by clostridium difficile. | prevotella phocaeensis sp. nov. strain sn19(t) (= dsm 103364) is a new species isolated from the gut microbiota of patient with colitis due to clostridium difficile. strain sn19(t) is gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, strictly anaerobic, nonmotile and non-endospore forming. the predominance fatty acid is hexadecanoic acid. its 16s rrna showed a 97.70% sequence identity with its phylogenetically closest species, prevotella oralis. the genome is 2 922 117 bp long and contains 2486 predicted genes ... | 2017 | 28070336 |
| manual curation and reannotation of the genomes of clostridium difficile 630δerm and clostridium difficile 630. | we resequenced the genome of clostridium difficile 630δerm (dsm 28645), a model strain commonly used for the generation of insertion mutants. the genome sequence was obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (smrt) and illumina sequencing technology. detailed manual curation and comparison to the previously published genomic sequence revealed sequence differences including inverted regions and the presence of plasmid pcd630. manual curation of our previously deposited genome sequenc ... | 2017 | 28068217 |
| lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. | administration of some probiotics appears to reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad). the effects of probiotics are strain-specific, thus, the efficacy and safety of each probiotic strain should be established separately. we aim to assess the effects of lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 administration for the prevention of diarrhoea and aad in children. | 2017 | 28057659 |
| predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year, single-centre cohort study. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). although a single faecal infusion is usually sufficient to eradicate cdi, a considerable number of patients need multiple infusions to be cured. the aim of this study was to identify predictors of failure after single faecal infusion in patients with recurrent cdi. | 2017 | 28057560 |
| acid-suppression medications and bacterial gastroenteritis: a population-based cohort study. | to investigate whether acid-suppression medicines (asms) increase the risk of bacterial gastroenteritis. | 2017 | 28054368 |
| procalcitonin is a poor predictor of non-infectious fever in the neurocritical care unit. | fever is a common occurrence in the neurocritical care unit (nccu). it is reported that up to 50 % of these fevers are associated with a non-infectious source. as this is a diagnosis of exclusion, a complete fever evaluation must be done to rule out infection. procalcitonin (pct) has been identified as a possible biomarker to distinguish infectious from non-infectious etiologies of fever. we hypothesized that pct could be used as a predictor of infectious fever in febrile patients with intracran ... | 2017 | 28054289 |
| the oral β-lactamase syn-004 (ribaxamase) degrades ceftriaxone excreted into the intestine in phase 2a clinical studies. | syn-004 (ribaxamase) is a β-lactamase designed to be orally administered concurrently with intravenous β-lactam antibiotics, including most penicillins and cephalosporins. ribaxamase's anticipated mechanism of action is to degrade excess β-lactam antibiotic that is excreted into the small intestine. this enzymatic inactivation of excreted antibiotic is expected to protect the gut microbiome from disruption and thus prevent undesirable side effects, including secondary infections such as clostrid ... | 2017 | 28052855 |
| analysis of gut microbiota - an ever changing landscape. | in the last two decades, the field of metagenomics has greatly expanded due to improvement in sequencing technologies allowing for a more comprehensive characterization of microbial communities. the use of these technologies has led to an unprecedented understanding of human, animal, and environmental microbiomes and have shown that the gut microbiota are comparable to an organ that is intrinsically linked with a variety of diseases. characterization of microbial communities using next-generatio ... | 2017 | 28051919 |
| clostridium difficile contamination of health care workers' hands and its potential contribution to the spread of infection: review of the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can be transmitted from patient to patient by the hands of health care workers (hcws); however, the relative importance of this route in the spread of c difficile in the hospital is currently unknown. our aim was to review studies examining hcws' hand carriage and its potential role in cdi transmission. | 2017 | 28065332 |
| asymptomatic carriers contribute to nosocomial clostridium difficile infection: a cohort study of 4508 patients. | nosocomial infections with clostridium difficile present a considerable problem despite numerous attempts by health care workers to reduce risk of transmission. asymptomatic carriers of c difficile can spread their infection to other patients. we investigated the effects of asymptomatic carriers on nosocomial c difficile infections. | 2017 | 28063955 |
| the association between gaba-modulators and clostridium difficile infection - a matched retrospective case-control study. | recently, metabolomics studies have suggested that the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (gaba) may modulate c. difficile infection (cdi) pathogenesis. in the present study, we investigated the association between gaba-modulating pharmaceuticals and cdi development. | 2017 | 28060888 |
| clostridium difficile colonization in preoperative colorectal cancer patients. | the entire process of clostridium difficile colonization to infection develops in large intestine. however, the real colonization pattern of c. difficile in preoperative colorectal cancer patients has not been studied. in this study, 33 c. difficile strains (16.1%) were isolated from stool samples of 205 preoperative colorectal cancer patients. c. difficile colonization rates in lymph node metastasis patients (22.3%) were significantly higher than lymph node negative patients (10.8%) (or=2.314, ... | 2017 | 28060753 |
| fecal microbial transplantation as a therapeutic option in patients colonized with antibiotic resistant organisms. | despite increasing interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), its full therapeutic potential has yet to be determined. since its increase in popularity, fmt has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of both clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and its recurrent form. interest in fmt now expands well beyond the treatment of cdi to other processes with known associations to the microbiota such as antibiotic resistant infections, inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), hepatic ence ... | 2017 | 28059612 |
| perceptions of fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection: factors that predict acceptance. | despite the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for treating recurrent clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection, some patients are reluctant to accept this therapy. our study examined attitudes towards fmt and factors that contribute to patients' acceptance of this treatment. | 2017 | 28042242 |
| comparative genome analysis and global phylogeny of the toxin variant clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 017 reveals the evolution of two independent sublineages. | the diarrheal pathogen clostridium difficile consists of at least six distinct evolutionary lineages. the rt017 lineage is anomalous, as strains only express toxin b, compared to strains from other lineages that produce toxins a and b and, occasionally, binary toxin. historically, rt017 initially was reported in asia but now has been reported worldwide. we used whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to investigate the patterns of global spread and population structure of 277 rt017 iso ... | 2017 | 28031436 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection: a national survey of clinician recommendations and the use of faecal microbiota transplantation. | adherence to clostridium difficile infection treatment guidelines is associated with lower recurrence rates and mortality as well as cost savings. this survey of irish clinicians indicates that patients are managed using a variety of approaches. faecal microbiota transplantation is potentially underused despite its recommendation in national and european guidelines. | 2017 | 28029471 |
| diagnostic testing methods for clostridium difficile infection: a statewide survey of ohio acute care hospitals. | we surveyed ohio acute care hospitals on laboratory testing used for diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). of 146 hospitals surveyed, 109 (84%) used nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) as stand-alone diagnostic assays. only 53 (42.4%) hospitals using naats had a mechanism in place to prevent repeat cdi testing. | 2017 | 28029400 |
| successful treatment of severe clostridium difficile infection by administration of crushed fidaxomicin via a nasogastric tube in a critically ill patient. | to report the successful use of crushed fidaxomicin via a nasogastric tube for treatment of a severe clostridium difficile infection in a critically ill patient. | 2017 | 28027991 |
| the effects of the transforming care at the bedside program on perceived team effectiveness and patient outcomes. | the objective of the study was to document the impact of transforming care at the bedside (tcab) program on health care team's effectiveness, patient safety, and patient experience. a pretest and posttest (team effectiveness) and a time-series study design (patient experience and safety) were used. the intervention (the tcab program) was implemented in 8 units in a multihospital academic health science center in montreal, quebec, canada. the impact of tcab interventions was measured using the te ... | 2017 | 28027197 |
| lactobacillus probiotics in the prevention of diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile: a systematic review and bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis. | recent meta-analyses of the efficacy of probiotics for preventing diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile have concluded there is a large effect favouring probiotics. we reexamined this evidence, which contradicts the results of a more recent large randomized controlled trial that found no benefit of lactobacillus probiotics for preventing c. difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2017 | 28018885 |
| clostridium difficile infection: evolution, phylogeny and molecular epidemiology. | over the recent decades, clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as a global public health threat. despite growing attention, c. difficile remains a poorly understood pathogen, however, the exquisite sensitivity offered by next generation sequencing (ngs) technology has enabled analysis of the genome of c. difficile, giving us access to massive genomic data on factors such as virulence, evolution, and genetic relatedness within c. difficile groups. ngs has also demonstrated excellence ... | 2017 | 28012982 |
| oral vancomycin followed by fecal transplantation versus tapering oral vancomycin treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: an open-label, randomized controlled trial. | fecal transplantation (ft) is a promising treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but its true effectiveness remains unknown. we compared 14 days of oral vancomycin followed by a single ft by enema with oral vancomycin taper (standard of care) in adult patients experiencing acute recurrence of cdi. | 2017 | 28011612 |
| fecal fixation: fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28011611 | |
| risk factors for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection among pediatric patients with cancer. | hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may cause life-threatening colitis for children with cancer, making identification of risk factors important. we described characteristics of pediatric cancer patients with primary and recurring cdi, and evaluated potential risk factors. among 189 cancer patients, 51 cases (27%) of cdi and 94 matched controls of cancer patients without cdi were analyzed. multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cdi and ... | 2017 | 28002256 |
| electronic prescribing system design priorities for antimicrobial stewardship: a cross-sectional survey of 142 uk infection specialists. | the implementation of electronic prescribing and medication administration (epma) systems is a priority for hospitals and a potential component of antimicrobial stewardship (ams). | 2017 | 27999065 |
| cumulative and temporal associations between antimicrobial prescribing and community-associated clostridium difficile infection: population-based case-control study using administrative data. | community-associated clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi; defined as cases without prior hospitalization in the previous 12 weeks who were either tested outside of hospital or tested within 2 days of admission to hospital) is a major public health problem. this study estimates the magnitude of the association between temporal and cumulative prescribing of antimicrobials in primary care and ca-cdi. | 2017 | 27999064 |
| gut-sparing treatment of urinary tract infection in patients at high risk of clostridium difficile infection. | recipients of faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) remain at markedly increased risk of re-infection with c. difficile with new antibiotic provocations. urinary tract infections (utis) are common indications for antibiotics in these patients, often resulting in c. difficile re-infection. | 2017 | 27999027 |
| role of interferon-γ and inflammatory monocytes in driving colonic inflammation during acute clostridium difficile infection in mice. | the inflammatory response to the colonic pathogen clostridium difficile is characterized by the induction of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-23 (il-23) and interferon-γ (ifn-γ) and the recruitment of myeloid cells including ly6c(h)(igh) monocytes. il-23 knockout mice showed reduced expression of the monocyte chemokines ccl4 and ccl7, but not ccl2, as well as reduced ly6c(h)(igh) ly6g(m)(id) monocyte recruitment to the colon in response to c. difficile colitis. clostridium difficile- ... | 2017 | 27995603 |
| clostridium difficile infection: updates in management. | clostridium difficile was first identified in 1978 as a diarrhea-causing bacterium in humans. in the last three decades, c. difficile infection (cdi) has reached an epidemic state, both in health care and community settings worldwide. there has been substantial progress in the field of cdi, including identification of novel risk factors, presence of cdi in individuals not considered at risk previously, and treatment options including new drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transpl ... | 2017 | 27995486 |
| in vitro activities of mcb3681 and eight comparators against clostridium difficile isolates with known ribotypes and diverse geographical spread. | treatments for clostridium difficile infection remain limited, despite the introduction of fidaxomicin, and development of new agents is necessary. we determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 199 prevalent or emerging clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes to mcb3681, a novel investigational quinolonyl-oxazolidinone, and 8 comparators (metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tigecycline, and linezolid). mcb3681 showed good activity against c. difficile w ... | 2017 | 27993853 |
| presence of clostridium difficile in pig faecal samples and wild animal species associated with pig farms. | to determine the presence of clostridium difficile on fattening pig farms in north-eastern spain. | 2017 | 27990723 |
| predictors of severe outcomes in patients with clostridium difficile infection from a hispanic population. | factors associated with complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may vary among populations, and predictors of severe outcomes in cdi have not been studied in hispanic patients. the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with a higher risk of colectomy, all-cause mortality, and cdi-associated mortality in a hispanic population. | 2017 | 27987135 |