Publications

cloning and nucleotide sequences of genes relevant for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) in chromatium vinosum strain d.	from a genomic library of chromatium vinosum strain d in lambda l47, a 16.5-kbp ecori-restriction fragment was identified by hybridization with a dna fragment harboring the operon for alcaligenes eutrophus poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) synthesis. this fragment and subfragments thereof restored the ability to synthesize and accumulate pha in pha-negative mutants of a. eutrophus. a region of 6977 bp was sequenced; seven open reading frames (orfs) were identified which probably represent coding re ...	1992	1396692
three-dimensional structure of the high-potential iron-sulfur protein isolated from the purple phototrophic bacterium rhodocyclus tenuis determined and refined at 1.5 a resolution.	the molecular structure of the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) isolated from the phototrophic bacterium, rhodocyclus tenuis, has been solved and refined to a nominal resolution of 1.5 a with a crystallographic r-factor of 17.3% for all measured x-ray data from 30 a to 1.5 a. it is the smallest of the hipip structures studied thus far with 62 amino acid residues. crystals used in the investigation belonged to the space group p2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 36.7 a, b = 52.6 a, c ...	1992	1453470
protein control of iron-sulfur cluster redox potentials.	the relationship between the three-dimensional structures of iron-sulfur proteins and the redox potentials of their iron-sulfur clusters is of fundamental importance. we report calculations of the redox potentials of the [fe4s4(s-cys)4]-2/-3 couple in four crystallographically characterized proteins: azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin i, peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxin, bacillus thermoproteolyticus ferredoxin, and chromatium vinosum high potential iron protein (hipip). our calculations use the " ...	1992	1464583
molecular basis for biosynthesis and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids in bacteria.	the current knowledge on the structure and on the organization of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha)-biosynthetic genes from a wide range of different bacteria, which rely on different pathways for biosynthesis of this storage polyesters, is provided. molecular data will be shown for genes of alcaligenes eutrophus, purple non-sulfur bacteria, such as rhodospirillum rubrum, purple sulfur bacteria, such as chromatium vinosum, pseudomonads belonging to rrna homology group i, such as pseudomonas aerugin ...	1992	1476773
isolation and identification of granule-associated proteins relevant for poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) biosynthesis in chromatium vinosum d.	poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) granules, which harbored only four major granule-associated proteins as revealed by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were isolated from crude cellular extracts of chromatium vinosum d by centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient. n-terminal amino acid sequence determination identified two proteins of m(r) 41,000 and m(r) 40,000 as the phaecv and phaccv translational products, respectively, of c. vinosum d. in a previous study it was shown that both proteins a ...	1992	1490603
investigation of spatial relationships and energy transfer between complexes b800-850 and b890-rc from chromatium minutissimum reconstituted into liposomes.	spatial relationships between different pigment-protein complexes in the membranes of the purple photosynthetic bacterium, chromatium minutissimum, have been studied. the possibility of restoring the function of efficient excitation energy transfer from bacteriochlorophyll molecules to the reaction centers in the system of soybean liposomes, reconstituted with pigment-protein complexes b800-850 and b890-rc from c. minutissimum, has been explored. the chemical cross-linking method, together with ...	1992	1499721
distinct redox behaviour of prosthetic groups in ready and unready hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum.	the redox behaviour of the ni(iii)/ni(ii) transition in hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum is described and compared with the redox behaviour of the nickel ion in the f420-nonreducing hydrogenase from methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. analogous to the situation in the oxidised hydrogenase of desulfovibrio gigas (fernandez, v.m., hatchikian, e.c., patil, d.s. and cammack, r. (1986) biochim. biophys. acta 883, 145-154), the c. vinosum enzyme can also exist in two forms: the 'unready' form (ep ...	1992	1540647
resonance raman investigation of the effects of copper binding to iron-mesoporphyrin.histidine-rich glycoprotein complexes.	histidine-rich glycoprotein (hrg) binds both hemes and metal ions simultaneously with evidence for interaction between the two. this study uses resonance raman and optical absorption spectroscopies to examine the heme environment of the 1:1 iron-mesoporphyrin.hrg complex in its oxidized, reduced and co-bound forms in the absence and presence of copper. significant perturbation of fe(3+)-mesoporphyrin.hrg is induced by cu2+ binding to the protein. specifically, high frequency heme resonance raman ...	1992	1581496
sequence-specific assignments of the 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of reduced high-potential ferredoxin (hipip) from chromatium vinosum.	the 1h resonances of the high-potential [4fe-4s]2+ ferredoxin from chromatium vinosum have been assigned through conventional sequential methodology applied to 2d nmr spectra. almost 80% of the residues were identified using standard 2d cosy, hohaha, and noesy pulse sequences. these residues correspond to four segments of the primary structure that do not interact strongly with the iron-sulfur cluster. a minor correction to the amino acid sequence is strongly suggested by these nmr data. additio ...	1992	1610810
photothermal spectroscopy of bacteriochlorophyll-lipoprotein complexes.	photoacoustic spectra at room and 85 k temperatures as well as photothermal beam deflection spectra of bacteriochlorophyll-lipoprotein complexes from purple bacterium chromatium minutissimum were measured. spectra were compared and obtained differences were tentatively explained by various inertion of these two methods. photothermal beam deflection method measure the heat which is generated in close surroundings of absorbing pigment molecule, whereas usage of more inert photoacoustic signal is a ...	1992	1632776
sequential resonance assignments of oxidized high-potential iron-sulfur protein from chromatium vinosum.	2d nmr spectra of the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) from chromatium vinosum have been used to obtain partial resonance assignments for the oxidized paramagnetic redox state of the protein. sequence-specific assignments were made using noesy and cosy spectra in h2o and d2o of the following backbone segments: asn-5-arg-33, glu-39-asp-45, gly-55-cys-63, gly-68-ala-78, and leu-82-gly-85. noesy spectra with a spectral width wide enough to include the hyperfine-shifted resonances revealed ...	1992	1734968
temperature and solvent effects on reaction centers from chloroflexus aurantiacus and chromatium tepidum.	temperature and solvent effects on reaction center structures were examined in two thermophilic photosynthetic bacteria, chloroflexus aurantiacus and chromatium tepidum, in order to gain insight into the interactions among the reaction center proteins and pigment systems. thermal stability of the reaction centers was found to be proportional to the optimum growth temperature. circular dichroism (cd) spectra in the 250-300 nm region indicated that thermal denaturation destroyed tertiary structure ...	1991	1778980
bacterial motility: handedness and symmetry.	many bacteria swim by rotating thin helical filaments that extend into the external medium, as with common bacteria, or run beneath the outer membrane, as with spirochetes. each filament is driven at its base by a motor that turns alternately clockwise and counterclockwise. the motor-filament complex is called a flagellum. other kinds of bacteria glide, but their organelles of locomotion are not known. since bacteria are microscopic and live in an aqueous environment, they swim at low reynolds' ...	1991	1802650
antibiotic production by the marine photosynthetic bacterium chromatium purpuratum nkpb 031704: localization of activity to the chromatophores.	over 200 strains of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria were isolated. two strains showed antibiotic activity towards saccharomyces cerevisiae and were tentatively identified as chromatium purpuratum. crude antibiotic, prepared by solvent extraction, showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum. the highest activity was found in the chromatophore fraction. chromatographic separation of purified light harvesting complex from one strain, nkpb 031704, showed the presence of two separate pigmented compou ...	1991	1804763
photoproduction of hydrogen from sewage by immobilized cells of chromatium species ia.	immobilized cells of two chromatium species produced hydrogen continuously for more than 160 hr in 60% and 80% sewage. one strain showing high optimum range of sulfide tolerance (up to 9 mm) produced more hydrogen in 80% sewage while the less sulfide tolerating strain (up to 6 mm) showed hydrogen photoproduction in 60% sewage. cells were immobilized in alginate and stable hydrogen photoproduction was observed for more than one week. appropriate strategy necessary for the treatment of sewage and ...	1991	1816084
cyanide-linked dimer-monomer equilibrium of chromatium vinosum ferric cytochrome c'.	cyanide binding to chromatium vinosum ferricytochrome c' has been studied to further investigate possible allosteric interactions between the subunits of this dimeric protein. cyanide binding to c. vinosum cytochrome c' appears to be cooperative. however, the cyanide binding reaction is unusual in that the overall affinity of cyanide increases as the concentration of cytochrome c' decreases and that cyanide binding causes the ligated dimer to dissociate to monomers as shown by gel-filtration chr ...	1991	1846081
vibrational spectroscopy of excited electronic states in carotenoids in vivo. picosecond time-resolved resonance raman scattering.	the vibrational spectroscopy and population dynamics of excited singlet (2(1)ag), excited triplet (3b u), and the ground (1ag) electronic states of carotenoids in chromatophores of chromatium vinosum (mainly spirilloxanthin and rhodopin) and of the same carotenoids in benzene solutions are examined by picosecond time-resolved resonance raman scattering. coherent stokes raman scattering from the ground states of carotenoids in chromatophores also is observed. resonance raman spectra of in vitro r ...	1991	1883940
sequence and expression of genes encoding the large and small subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chromatium vinosum.	a dna fragment bearing genes for the large (rbcl) and small (rbcs) subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) was cloned from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium chromatium vinosum. enzymatically fully active rubisco was synthesized in escherichia coli cells when the cloned dna was placed downstream of tac promoter. nucleotide (nt) sequences of rbcl-rbcs were more homologous to cyanobacterial counterparts than to those from alcaligenes eutrophus or higher plants ...	1991	1899846
rbcr [correction of rcbr], a gene coding for a member of the lysr family of transcriptional regulators, is located upstream of the expressed set of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes in the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium vinosum.	an open reading frame, rbcr, was identified 226 bp upstream of rbcab, i.e., the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes expressed in the phototrophic purple bacterium chromatium vinosum. several features reveal that rbcr encodes a member of the lysr family of transcriptional regulators, in which an anomalous content of lysine and arginine residues (lys/arg anomaly) was found. the expression of rbcr in escherichia coli as a protein fused to the n-terminal region of beta-galactosidase led to r ...	1991	1907267
the molecular structure of the high potential iron-sulfur protein isolated from ectothiorhodospira halophila determined at 2.5-a resolution.	the molecular structure of a high potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) isolated from the purple photosynthetic bacterium, ectothiorhodospira halophila strain bn9626, has been solved by x-ray diffraction analysis to a nominal resolution of 2.5 a and refined to a crystallographic r value of 18.4% including all measured x-ray data from 30.0- to 2.5-a resolution. crystals used in the investigation contained two molecules/asymmetric unit and belonged to the space group p21 with unit cell dimensions ...	1991	1917989
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans genes for the small and large subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.	the genes encoding for the large (rbcl) and small (rbcs) subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were cloned from the obligate autotroph thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a bacterium involved in the bioleaching of minerals. nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned dna showed that the two coding regions are separated by a 30-bp intergenic region, the smallest described for the rubisco genes. the rbcl and rbcs genes encode polypeptides of 473 and 118 amino acids, respectively. compa ...	1991	1959634
velocity changes, long runs, and reversals in the chromatium minus swimming response.	the velocity, run time, path curvature, and reorientation angle of chromatium minus were measured as a function of light intensity, temperature, viscosity, osmotic pressure, and hydrogen sulfide concentration. c. minus changed both velocity and run time. velocity decreased with increasing light intensity in sulfide-depleted cultures and increased in sulfide-replete cultures. the addition of sulfide to cultures grown at low light intensity (10 microeinsteins m-2 s-1) caused mean run times to incr ...	1991	1991736
primary structure diversity of prokaryotic diheme cytochromes c.	the primary structure of five diheme cytochromes from photosynthetic bacteria recently determined in our laboratory lead to the first insights in the structural diversity of this type of cytochrome. a schematic overview is given, relating these structures to the four diheme cytochrome sequences already available. the comparison reveals unexpected homologies.	1991	1646021
ligand binding properties of cytochromes c'.	the cytochromes c' bind co, alkylisocyanides and cn- with rate and equilibrium constants which are 10(2)- to 10(6)-fold smaller than other high-spin hemoproteins. the decreased affinity for exogenous ligands is largely associated with steric interactions at the heme coordination site. while co and alkylisocyanides bind noncooperatively to the dimeric rhodospirillum molischianum cytochrome c', co, alkylisocyanides and cn- appear to bind cooperatively to the dimeric chromatium vinosum cytochrome c ...	1991	1646027
covalent structure of the diheme cytochrome subunit and amino-terminal sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of flavocytochrome c from chromatium vinosum.	the complete sequence of the 21-kda cytochrome subunit of the flavocytochrome c (fc) from the purple phototrophic bacterium chromatium vinosum has been determined to be as follows: eptaemltnncagchg thgnsvgpaspsiaqmdpmvfvevmegfksgeias timgriakgystadfekmagyfkqqtyqpakqsf dtaladtgaklhdkycekchveggkpladeedy hilagqwtpylqyamsdfreerrpmekkmaskl rellkaegdagldalfafyasqq. the sequence is the first example of a diheme cytochrome in a flavocytochrome complex. although the locations of the heme binding sites an ...	1991	1649169
cytochrome c' of paracoccus denitrificans.	cytochrome c' was identified in periplasmic extracts of the paracoccus denitrificans strains lmd 22.21 and lmd 52.44. the cytochrome c' was purified from the latter using the device of sequential molecular exclusion chromatography in the dimeric and monomeric states. although showing the overall spectroscopic features of the cytochrome c' family, the paracoccus cytochrome c' is unusual in having a red-shifted oxidised soret band at 407 nm. also unusual is the midpoint potential of 202 mv, well a ...	1991	1653018
adduct formation between sulfite and the flavin of phototrophic bacterial flavocytochromes c. kinetics of sequential bleach, recolor, and rebleach of flavin as a function of ph.	the kinetics of sulfite adduct formation with the bound flavin in flavocytochromes c from the purple phototrophic bacterium chromatium vinosum and the green phototrophic bacterium chlorobium thiosulfatophilum have been investigated as a function of ph. both species of flavocytochrome c rapidly react with sulfite to form a flavin sulfite adduct (k = 10(3)-10(5) m-1 s-1) which is bleached at 450-475 nm and has associated charge-transfer absorbance at 660 nm. the rate constant for adduct formation ...	1991	1653608
redox potentials of flavocytochromes c from the phototrophic bacteria, chromatium vinosum and chlorobium thiosulfatophilum.	the redox potentials of flavocytochromes c (fc) from chromatium vinosum and chlorobium thiosulfatophilum have been studied as a function of ph. chlorobium fc has a single heme which has a redox potential of +98 mv at ph 7 (n = 1) that is independent of ph between 6 and 8. the average two-electron redox potential of the flavin extrapolated to ph 7 is +28 mv and decreases 35 mv/ph between ph 6 and 7. the anionic form of the flavin semiquinone is stabilized above ph 6. the redox potential of chroma ...	1991	1654798
an investigation of chromatium vinosum high-potential iron-sulfur protein by epr and mossbauer spectroscopy; evidence for a freezing-induced dimerization in nacl solutions.	the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) from chromatium vinosum contains a cubane prosthetic group that shuttles between the [4fe-4s]3+,2+ states. we find that the epr spectra from this protein can be explained as a sum of two components, a major one with g = 2.02; 2.04; 2.12, and a minor one with g = 2.04; 2.07; approximately 2.13. in the presence of 0.1-2.0 m nacl, freezing induces polymerization of the protein (presumably dimers), which is detected as intercluster spin-spin interaction ...	1991	1655037
phylogenetic analysis and evolution of rnase p rna in proteobacteria.	the secondary structures of the eubacterial rnase p rnas are being elucidated by a phylogenetic comparative approach. sequences of genes encoding rnase p rna from each of the recognized subgroups (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) of the proteobacteria have now been determined. these sequences allow the refinement, to nearly the base pair level, of the phylogenetic model for rnase p rna secondary structure. evolutionary change among the rnase p rnas was found to occur primarily in four discrete str ...	1991	1711030
evidence for two sets of structural genes coding for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	previously, we reported the cloning of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes (rbcl1-rbcs1) of thiobacillus ferrooxidans fe1 (t. kusano, k. sugawara, c. inoue, and n. suzuki, curr. microbiol. 22:35-41, 1991). with these genes as probes, a second set of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes (rbcl2-rbcs2) was identified in the same strain and cloned. rbcl1 and rbcl2 encode the large subunits, and rbcs1 and rbcs2 encode the small subunits. similar restriction patterns between these g ...	1991	1718945
structure and evolution of ribonuclease p rna.	eubacterial rnase p contains a catalytic rna that cleaves 5' leader sequences from precursor trnas. we review the current understanding of rnase p rna structure and evolution, from the perspective of phylogenetic comparative analysis.	1991	1722425
complementation of an rnase p rna (rnpb) gene deletion in escherichia coli by homologous genes from distantly related eubacteria.	we report the construction of a strain of escherichia coli in which the only functional gene for the rna moiety of rnase p (rnpb) resides on a plasmid that is temperature sensitive for replication. the chromosomal rnase p rna gene was replaced with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. the conditionally lethal phenotype of this strain was suppressed by plasmids that carry rnase p rna genes from some distantly related eubacteria, including alcaligenes eutrophus, bacillus subtilis, and chromat ...	1990	1699929
mapping the active site of ribonuclease p rna using a substrate containing a photoaffinity agent.	ribonuclease p rna is the catalytic moiety of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme that removes precursor sequences from 5'-ends of pre-trnas. a photoaffinity cross-linking agent was coupled to the substrate phosphate on which rnase p acts and used to map nucleotides in the vicinity of the catalytic site of this ribozyme. mature trna(phe) containing a 5'-thiophosphate was synthesized by transcription in vitro using phage t7 rna polymerase in the presence of guanosine 5'-phosphorothioate. the photoagent ...	1990	1701142
distribution of phototrophic microbes in the flat laminated microbial mat at laguna figueroa, baja california, mexico.	the microbial mat community in the saltmarsh/evaporate flat interface at laguna figueroa involved in the deposition of laminated sediments was investigated. pigment analysis, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the relative abundance and distribution of phototrophic species. the community is vertically stratified into four distinct phototrophic populations. the layering could be distinguished by pigment and species composition. the two layers closest to t ...	1990	2108737
direct voltammetry of the chromatium vinosum enzyme, sulfide:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (flavocytochrome c552).	the electrochemistry of the enzyme, sulfide:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, also known as flavocytochrome c552 from the purple sulfur bacterium, chromatium vinosum, has been studied using several modified electrodes. direct electron transfer between the heme of the flavocytochrome and an electrode is observed in the presence of a redox-inactive cationic species which promotes the voltammetry of the enzyme. quasi-reversible electron transfer was achieved using the aminoglycoside, neomycin, as a prom ...	1990	2153672
crystallization and characterization of chromatium vinosum cytochrome c'.	the dimeric high spin c-type cytochrome c' from chromatium vinosum has been crystallized and the crystals characterized by x-ray diffraction. this cytochrome c' exhibits ligand-controlled dissociation from a dimer to a monomer upon binding carbon monoxide and represents an opportunity to obtain unique information concerning cooperativity in heme proteins. the c. vinosum cytochrome c' protein crystals are grown from polyethylene glycol 4000 and grow in both space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) (a = 49.2, b ...	1990	2156816
kinetics of cyanide binding to chromatium vinosum ferricytochrome c'.	the kinetics of the reversible binding of cyanide by the ferric cytochrome c' from chromatium vinosum have been studied over the ph range 6.9-9.6. the reaction is extremely slow at neutral ph compared to the reactions of other high-spin ferric heme proteins with cyanide. the observed bimolecular rate constant at ph 7.0 is 2.25 x 10(-3) m-1 s-1, which is approximately 10(7)-fold slower than that for peroxidases, approximately 10(5)-fold slower than those for hemoglobin and myoglobin, and approxim ...	1990	2158816
resonance raman characterization of chromatium vinosum cytochrome c'. effect of ph and comparison of equilibrium and photolyzed carbon monoxide species.	resonance raman spectra of chromatium vinosum cytochrome c' have been obtained for the five ph-dependent states of the protein [i.e., types i (ph 7), ii (ph 10), and iii (ph 12) of the ferric protein and type a (ph 7) and type n (ph 12) of the ferrous protein]. the raman spectra of type ii and type a are consistent with those of high-spin, 5-coordinate heme proteins, such as deoxyhemoglobin, while spectra of type iii and type n correspond more closely to those of low-spin, ferric and ferrous cyt ...	1990	2163273
proton nmr study of the comparative electronic/magnetic properties and dynamics of the acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition in a series of ferricytochromes c'.	the proton nmr spectra of ferricytochrome c' from rhodopseudomonas palustris, rhodospirillum molischianum, rhodospirillum rubrum, and chromatium vinosum have been investigated for the purpose of further elucidating the common spectral and/or structural properties for this subclass of cytochromes in the acidic and alkaline forms, and to characterize in detail the dynamics and structural basis for this acid in equilibrium with alkaline transition. the identification of strongly upfield-shifted mes ...	1990	2168882
1h nmr studies of chromatium vinosum cytochrome c'.	the cytochrome c' from chromatium vinosum has been studied through 1h nmr in the ph range 4-11 in both the oxidized and the reduced forms. the 1h nmr spectra are similar to those of the other cytochrome c' systems. three pka values of 5.1, 7.0, and 9.2 have been observed for the oxidized species and tentatively assigned to the two carboxylate propionic residues of the heme moiety and to the iron-coordinated histidine 125, respectively. the spectra are consistent with an essentially s = 5/2 state ...	1990	2171438
effect of 17o2 and 13co on epr spectra of nickel in hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum.	oxygen, either molecular oxygen or a reduction adduct, can tightly bind in the vicinity of the two forms of trivalent nickel occurring in hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum, as evident from studies with 17o-enriched o2. this oxygen is not in the first coordination sphere of nickel. as has been reported earlier for hydrogenase from desulfovibrio gigas (fernandez, v.m., hatchikian, a.c., patil, d.s. and cammack, r. (1986) biochim. biophys. acta 883, 145-154), also the relative activity of the c.v ...	1990	2176104
restoration of hydrogenase activity in hydrogenase-negative strains of escherichia coli by cloned dna fragments from chromatium vinosum and proteus vulgaris.	dna fragments from proteus vulgaris and chromatium vinosum were isolated which restored hydrogenase activities in both hyda and hydb mutant strains of escherichia coli. the hyda and hydb genes, which map near minute 59 of the genome map, 17 kb distant from each other, are not structural hydrogenase genes, but mutation in either of these genes leads to failure to synthesize any of the hydrogenase isoenzymes. the smallest dna fragments which restored hydrogenase activity to both e. coli mutant str ...	1990	2200847
distinct properties of escherichia coli products of plant-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase directed by two sets of genes from the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium vinosum.	we have recently described the existence of two sets of genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbu-p2 carboxylase), rbca-rbcb and rbcl-rbcs, in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium chromatium vinosum (viale, a.m., kobayashi, h., and akazawa, t. (1989) j. bacteriol. 171, 2391-2400). these genes were cloned in plasmid vectors, and their expression was studied in escherichia coli. expression of rbca-rbcb in e. coli was obtained under the control of its own promoter. o ...	1990	2211708
1h nmr studies of oxidized high-potential iron protein from chromatium vinosum. nuclear overhauser effect measurements.	1h nuclear overhauser effect experiments on the isotropically shifted signals of oxidized chromatium vinosum hipip have been used to identify the four beta-ch2 geminal couples of the cysteine ligands. a partial assignment to individual residues has been proposed from a computer graphics analysis of the x-ray structure. tentative assignments of other resonances are discussed.	1990	2386791
redox properties of several bacterial ferredoxins using square wave voltammetry.	the equilibrium reduction potential of the 2[4fe-4s] ferredoxin (fd) isolated from four different bacterial strains was determined at a methyl viologen-modified gold electrode using square wave voltammetry. the observed reduction potential at ph 8 for clostridium thermoaceticum fd was -385 mv; clostridium pasteurianum, -393 mv; clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, -408 mv; and chromatium vinosum, -460 mv versus normal hydrogen electrode at 25 degrees c. the reduction potential of the c. pasteurian ...	1990	2387857
purification and characterization of the thermostable ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the thermophilic purple bacterium chromatium tepidum.	the calvin cycle enzyme ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been purified and characterized from the thermophilic and obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacterium, chromatium tepidum. the enzyme is an l8s8 carboxylase with a molecular mass near 550 kda. no evidence for a second form of the enzyme lacking small subunits was obtained. c. tepidum ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was stable to heating to temperatures of 60 degrees c and could be readily purified in an active f ...	1989	2507319
evolution of antioxidant mechanisms: thiol-dependent peroxidases and thioltransferase among procaryotes.	glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s-transferase both utilize glutathione (gsh) to destroy organic hydroperoxides, and these enzymes are thought to serve an antioxidant function in mammalian cells by catalyzing the destruction of lipid hydroperoxides. only two groups of procaryotes, the purple bacteria and the cyanobacteria, produce gsh, and we show in the present work that representatives from these two groups (escherichia coli, beneckea alginolytica, rhodospirillum rubrum, chromatium vinos ...	1989	2515292
spectroscopic characterization of the nickel and iron-sulphur clusters of hydrogenase from the purple photosynthetic bacterium thiocapsa roseopersicina. 1. electron spin resonance spectroscopy.	the thermostable hydrogenase from thiocapsa roseopersicina was examined by low-temperature esr spectroscopy. two types of signals were detected, from an oxidized iron-sulphur cluster and a nickel centre (ni-a). in the oxidized protein additional signals were observed due to spin-spin interaction between the two paramagnetic centres. this interaction could be reversibly abolished by reduction to a redox potential below 105 mv. this implies that an additional redox centre is involved in the intera ...	1989	2544424
expressed genes for plant-type ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium vinosum, which possesses two complete sets of the genes.	two sets of genes for the large and small subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) were detected in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium chromatium vinosum by hybridization analysis with rubisco gene probes, cloned by using the lambda fix vector, and designated rbcl-rbcs and rbca-rbcb. rbcl and rbca encode the large subunits, and rbcs and rbcb encode the small subunits. rbcl-rbcs was the same as that reported previously (a. m. viale, h. kobayashi, t. takabe, an ...	1989	2708310
1h-nmr studies of high-potential iron-sulfur protein from the purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodospirillum tenue.	the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) from rhodospirillum tenue (strain 3761) shows only a weak (20-25%) sequence similarity to hipips from chromatium vinosum, ectothiorhodospira halophila and ectothiorhodospira vacuolata, including the strict conservation of only two of the twelve residues assumed to be in the 4fe-4s cluster packing region [tedro, s. m., meyer, t. e. and kamen, m. d. (1979) j. biol. chem. 254, 1495-1500]. in spite of these differences, the general range and distributio ...	1989	2714284
1h nmr characterization of chromatium gracile high-potential iron protein and its ruthenium-modified derivatives. modulation of the reduction potentials in low- and high-potential [fe4s4] ferredoxins.	the nmr spectra of the high-potential iron protein from the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium gracile and its ruthenium-labeled (his-42 and his-20) derivatives are reported. the isotropically shifted resonances in both the oxidized and reduced forms show a complex ph dependence due to the presence of three ionizable residues (glu-44, his-20, and his-42). assignments have been made to specific residues and the spectral features compared to those of other bacterial hipip's. the decrease in the r ...	1989	2765533
distribution of delta-aminolevulinic acid biosynthetic pathways among phototrophic bacterial groups.	two biosynthetic pathways are known for the universal tetrapyrrole precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala). in the ala synthase pathway which was first described in animal and some bacterial cells, the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme ala synthase catalyzes condensation of glycine and succinyl-coa to form ala with the loss of c-1 of glycine as co2. in the five-carbon pathway which was first described in plant and algal cells, the carbon skeleton of glutamate is converted intact to ala in ...	1989	2789025
carbon isotope fractionation by thermophilic phototrophic sulfur bacteria: evidence for autotrophic growth in natural populations.	purple phototrophic bacteria of the genus chromatium can grow as either photoautotrophs or photoheterotrophs. to determine the growth mode of the thermophilic chromatium species, chromatium tepidum, under in situ conditions, we have examined the carbon isotope fractionation patterns in laboratory cultures of this organism and in mats of c. tepidum which develop in sulfide thermal springs in yellowstone national park. isotopic analysis (13c/12c) of total carbon, carotenoid pigments, and bacteri ...	1989	11536609
populations of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria in a spartina alterniflora salt marsh.	habitat-simulating media were used with the hungate anaerobic roll tube technique to enumerate culturable anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria in sediment, tidal waters, and spartina alterniflora plant samples collected from the salt marsh at sapelo island, ga. no phototrophs were detected in samples of creekside (low marsh) sediment or in tidal waters in creekside regions. in the high marsh region, 90% of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria occurred in the top 5 mm of sediment and none were detected b ...	1988	16347646
a homolog of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase-binding protein in chromatium vinosum.	a 700-kda protein composed of 12 apparently identical 60-kda subunits copurifies with the l8s8 form of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from chromatium vinosum. chromatography on deae-sephadex a-50 separates the two proteins in pure form. on the basis of the highly reproducible copurification and reaction of the 700-kda protein with antibodies to pea rubisco large (l)-subunit-binding protein, the protein from c. vinosum is designated as a putative binding protein (pbp) for r ...	1988	3341773
spectroscopic and ligand-binding properties of an oxygen-binding heme protein from chromatium vinosum.	magnetic circular dichroism spectra were obtained for the oxidized and reduced forms of cyanide, azide and carbon monoxide complexes of an o2-binding hemeprotein isolated from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, chronatium vinosum. cyanide binding to the protein, which results in formation of a low-spin complex, was highly ph dependent with little complex formation observed at ph values near or below 7.	1988	3355839
lipopolysaccharides of thiocystis violacea, thiocapsa pfennigii, and chromatium tepidum, species of the family chromatiaceae.	the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of three species of purple sulfur bacteria (chromatiaceae), thiocystis violacea, thiocapsa pfennigii, and the moderately thermophilic bacterium chromatium tepidum, were isolated. the lps of thiocystis violacea and chromatium tepidum contained typical o-specific sugars, indicating o-chains. long o-chains were confirmed for these species by sodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis of their lps. thiocapsa pfennigii, however, had short or no o-chains. the core region of ...	1988	3384808
lysine and arginine transport in the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium vinosum.	the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium chromatium vinosum can take up both arginine and lysine in the light and, to a lesser extent, in the dark. competitive inhibition experiments suggest the likely presence of two transport systems in this bacterium: one capable of transporting either lysine or arginine and a second capable of transporting arginine but not lysine. uptake of both amino acids is electrogenic and appears to involve the cotransport of neither protons nor sodium ions. it is sug ...	1988	3124743
thioredoxin from rhodospirillum rubrum: primary structure and relation to thioredoxins from other photosynthetic bacteria.	thioredoxin was isolated from a photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium, rhodospirillum rubrum, and its primary structure was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry. the sequence identity of r. rubrum thioredoxin to escherichia coli thioredoxin was intermediate to those of the chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and chromatium vinosum proteins. the results indicate that r. rubrum has an nadp-thioredoxin system similar to that of other photosynthetic purple bacteria.	1988	3129411
transcriptional regulation of genes for plant-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the photosynthetic bacterium, chromatium vinosum.	the content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, chromatium vinosum, grown either heterotrophically or autotrophically, was highly correlated with the level of 2.0-kb mrna encoding genes for both large (rbcl) and small (rbcs) subunits. this result indicates the transcriptional regulation of rubisco biosynthesis in chromatium cells. in the analysis of transcripts for rbcl and rbcs in escherichia coli transformed by a plasmid b ...	1988	3286254
[detection by the use of silver ions of additional protein zones in gradient polyacrylamide gels stained with coomassie].	a simple method of revealing the additional zones of proteins in gradient polyacrylamide gels, preliminary dyed coomassie by means of silver ions is described. the dyeing of coomassie allows to avoid the time-consuming stages of preliminary treatment of gels as well to reveal more sensitive zones in gels. on the second stage of dyeing silver minor zones appear there which were not seen while coomassie was dyed. the suggested method preserves high sensitivity characteristic of the methods of gel ...	1988	2458774
[results of the storage of freeze dried microbial cultures for 25 years].	saprophytic microorganisms belonging to different physiological groups (azotobacter, acetic, ammonifying, lactic and nodule bacteria, a phototrophous purple bacterium of the chromatium genus, bacteria of the micrococcus and pseudomonas genera, and a yeast of the candida genus) were stored at 3-6 degrees c for 25 years in the freeze-dried state. all of the strains were found to be viable after the storage. the number of viable cells decreased for some bacteria, but to a far less degree than when ...	1987	3309582
properties of the reaction center of the thermophilic purple photosynthetic bacterium chromatium tepidum.	reaction centers were purified from the thermophilic purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium chromatium tepidum. the reaction center consists of four polypeptides l, m, h and c, whose apparent molecular masses were determined to be 25, 30, 34 and 44 kda, respectively, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the heaviest peptide corresponds to tightly bound cytochrome. the tightly bound cytochrome c contains two types of heme, high-potential c-556 and low-potential c-553. the low-potential heme is ...	1987	3318928
[effect of pesticides on bacterial membranes].	the effect of pure preparation of ordram, fosalon, ddt, methoxychlorine, hydrel, dihydrel, 2,4-d, 2m-4c and of technical preparations of saturn, linuron, ronstar and keltan on the membrane functions (respiration and motility) of azospirillum brasilense and chromatium minutissimum cells and on malate and nadh oxidation by the isolated membranes of micrococcus lysodeikticus was investigated. the effect varied from irreversible impairment to undetectable impairment of the measured activities depend ...	1987	3112764
the primary structure of thioredoxin from chromatium vinosum determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry.	the primary structure of thioredoxin, a redox protein isolated from chromatium vinosum, was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry, which permitted sequencing of the 14 peptides (ranging in length from 2 to 18 amino acids) generated by digestion with trypsin and of several peptides produced by staphylococcus aureus protease. the mass spectrometrically determined molecular weights of the peptides from the latter digest were used to properly align the tryptic peptides, which could ...	1987	3567166
the nature of l8 and l8s8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chromatium vinosum.	l8 and l8s8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) have been prepared from chromatium vinosum by the extremely mild method of centrifugal fractionation. only the l8s8 form is detectable in crude extracts of this organism. both forms show immunological identify in double diffusion studies using antibody to l subunits of the l8s8 form. l subunits from both l8 and l8s8 enzymes are identical by the criteria of peptides observed after limited proteolysis and n-terminal sequenc ...	1987	3579306
on the anomalous temperature behaviour of the epr signal of monovalent nickel in hydrogenase.	the dependence on temperature in the range between 4.2 k and 20 k was measured for the epr signal of monovalent nickel in h2-reduced hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum and from methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. in accordance with measurements on the hydrogenase from desulfovibrio gigas [teixeira, m., moura, i., xavier, a. v., huynh, b. h., dervartanian, d. v., peck, h. d., jr, legall, j. and moura, j. j. g. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 8942-8950; and cammack, r., patil, d. s. and fernandez, v ...	1987	2826142
spectroscopic and kinetic properties of an oxygen-binding heme protein from chromatium vinosum.	resonance raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy have been utilized to identify histidine as an axial heme ligand in a high spin, heme c-containing protein isolated from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium chromatium vinosum. resonance raman spectroscopy has also been used to characterize the co adduct of the c. vinosum hemoprotein. resonance raman spectra of the heme site obtained within 10 ns of co photolysis from the ferrous hemoprotein are virtually identical to those ...	1987	3027081
change in size of chromatium minus cells in relation to growth rate, sulfur content, and photosynthetic activity: a comparison of pure cultures and field populations.	the size frequency distribution of planktonic cells of purple sulfur phototrophic bacteria was measured at several depths in a bacterial layer of lake cisó (spain). the bacterioplankton was dominated by chromatium minus (87 to 94% of the total biomass). the largest cells of c. minus were found in the top part of the bacterial layer. in addition, the in situ and potential specific photosynthetic activity (co(2) fixation and acetate uptake) and specific pigment content were measured in relation to ...	1987	16347330
the evolution of glutathione metabolism in phototrophic microorganisms.	of the many roles ascribed to glutathione (gsh) the one most clearly established is its role in the protection of higher eucaryotes against oxygen toxicity through destruction of thiol-reactive oxygen byproducts. if this is the primary function of gsh then gsh metabolism should have evolved during or after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. that many bacteria do not produce gsh is consistent with this view. in the present study we have examined the low-molecular-weight thiol compositio ...	1987	11542078
competition for sulfide among colorless and purple sulfur bacteria in cyanobacterial mats.	the vertical zonation of light, o2, h2s, ph, and sulfur bacteria was studied in two benthic cyanobacterial mats from hypersaline ponds at guerrero negro, baja california, mexico. the physical-chemical gradients were analyzed in the upper few mm at < or = 100 micrometers spatial resolution by microelectrodes and by a fiber optic microprobe. in mats, where oxygen produced by photosynthesis diffused far below the depth of the photic zone, colorless sulfur bacteria (beggiatoa sp.) were the dominan ...	1986	11542103
predatory prokaryotes: predation and primary consumption evolved in bacteria.	two kinds of predatory bacteria have been observed and characterized by light and electron microscopy in samples from freshwater sulfurous lakes in northeastern spain. the first bacterium, named vampirococcus, is gram-negative and ovoidal (0.6 micrometer wide). an anaerobic epibiont, it adheres to the surface of phototrophic bacteria (chromatium spp.) by specific attachment structures and, as it grows and divides by fission, destroys its prey. an important in situ predatory role can be inferr ...	1986	11542073
effect of betaine on enzyme activity and subunit interaction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from aphanothece halophytica.	the presence of betaine, a quaternary ammonium compound, at a concentration (0.5 molar) reported to accumulate inside aphanothece halophytica in response to increasing external salinity, slightly promoted ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase activity. kcl at 0.25 molar inhibited rubp carboxylase about 55%. betaine relieved the inhibition by 0.25 m kcl and the original uninhibited activity was restored at 1 m betaine. other osmoregulatory solutes such as sucrose and glycerol also reduced ...	1986	16664941
role of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the activation process.	the large (a) and small (b) subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.39) from the cyanobacterium aphanothece halophytica and from the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium chromatium vinosum (strain d) were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation at low ionic strength and alkaline ph (9.3), respectively. it was found that subunit b enhances the extent of activation by co2 and mg2+ at equilibrium of the two homologous enzymes consisting of aphanothece la ...	1986	3089168
ciliates from a fresh water sulfuretum.	ciliates were collected from a freshwater sulfuretum, lake cisó, which is part of a gypsum karstic area whose main feature is lake banyoles (girona, spain). chromatium, lamprocystis and chlorobium are the major phototrophic sulfur bacteria in lake cisó. blooms of a photosynthetic cryptomonad (up to 5 x 10(5) ind ml-1) were found at the metalimnion. the community of ciliates could be divided in three groups: aerobic, cosmopolitan, genera such as stentor and vorticella, in the epilimnion; a large ...	1986	3089342
complex formation and electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and flavocytochrome c552 from chromatium vinosum.	flavocytochrome c552 from chromatium vinosum catalyzes the oxidation of sulfide to sulfur using a soluble c-type cytochrome as an electron acceptor. mitochondrial cytochrome c forms a stable complex with flavocytochrome c552 and may function as an alternative electron acceptor in vitro. the recognition site for flavocytochrome c552 on equine cytochrome c has been deduced by differential chemical modification of cytochrome c in the presence and absence of flavocytochrome c552 and by kinetic analy ...	1986	3001047
the use of a water-soluble carbodiimide to study the interaction between chromatium vinosum flavocytochrome c-552 and cytochrome c.	the interaction between horse heart cytochrome c and chromatium vinosum flavocytochrome c-552 was studied using the water-soluble reagent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc). treatment of flavocytochrome c-552 with edc was found to inhibit the sulfide: cytochrome c reductase activity of the enzyme. sds gel electrophoresis studies revealed that edc treatment led to modification of carboxyl groups in both the mr 21 000 heme peptide and the mr 46 000 flavin peptide, and also to the ...	1986	3002455
ligand-controlled dissociation of chromatium vinosum cytochrome c'.	carbon monoxide binding to chromatium vinosum ferrocytochrome c' has been studied by high-precision equilibrium methods. in contrast to the co binding properties of rhodospirillum molischianum cytochrome c' [doyle, m. l., weber, p. c., & gill, s. j. (1985) biochemistry 24, 1987-1991], co binding to c. vinosum cytochrome c' is found to be unusual in the following ways. the binding curve is found to be cooperative with typical hill coefficients equal to 1.25. the shape of the binding curve is asym ...	1986	3013306
hydrogenases of phototrophic microorganisms.	this review surveys recent work done in the laboratory of the author and related laboratories on the properties and possible practical applications of hydrogenases of phototrophic microorganisms. homogeneous hydrogenase preparations were obtained from purple non-sulfur (rhodospirillum rubrum s1, rhodobacter capsulatus b10) and purple sulfur (chromatium vinosum d, thiocapsa roseopersicina bbs) bacteria, and from the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum l; highly puri ...	1986	3015244
the redox properties of the iron-sulphur cluster in hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum, strain d.	the midpoint potentials of the changes in the electron spin resonance (esr) spectra in the region of g = 2 in hydrogenase ii from chromatium vinosum were estimated by redox titrations. as the enzyme was progressively reduced, the g = 2.02 signal increased, while the satellite lines at g = 1.98 etc. decreased. at still lower potentials the signal at g = 2.02 decreased. the midpoint potentials of the two processes were estimated to be + 100 mv and - 20 mv, respectively, at ph 8.5. the first potent ...	1986	3015252
interaction, functional relations and evolution of large and small subunits in rubisco from prokaryota and eukaryota.	in early biological evolution anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria may have been established through the acquisition of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco). the establishment of cyanobacteria may have followed and led to the production of atmospheric oxygen. it has been postulated that a unicellular cyanobacterium evolved to cyanelles which were evolutionary precursors of chloroplasts of both green and non-green algae. the latter probably diverged from ancestors of green algae as ...	1986	2878448
preliminary crystallographic study of a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from chromatium vinosum.	crystals of a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from chromatium vinosum were obtained with the hanging-drop vapor diffusion technique, using polyethylene glycol 4000 as precipitant. the crystal belongs to the cubic system, space group i432, with unit cell dimension a = 245.9 a. an asymmetric unit includes one-quarter (l2s2, l: large subunit, s: small subunit) of a hexadecameric molecule (l8s8, 544,000 mr), which is located on the crystallographic point symmetry 222 or 4. the crysta ...	1986	3820296
13c-nmr evidence of bacteriochlorophyll a formation by the c5 pathway in chromatium.	the 13c-nmr spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a formed in the presence of l-[1-13c]glutamate and [2-13c]glycine in chromatium vinosum strain d were analyzed. the isotope in the glutamate was specifically incorporated into eight carbon atoms in the tetrapyrrole macrocycle derived from the c-5 of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala), and the 13c in glycine was incorporated into the methyl carbon of the methoxycarbonyl group attached to the isocyclic ring of bacteriochlorophyll a. these labeling patterns provi ...	1986	3963821
effects of ph and exocyclic substitution on flavosemiquinone reactivity with redox proteins and inorganic oxidants.	the effect of ph on the reaction of free flavosemiquinone analogs generated by laser-flash photolysis with oxidized chromatium vinosum high-potential iron-sulfur protein, other iron-containing redox proteins, and nonbiological one-electron oxidants has been investigated. the results demonstrate that the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of lumiflavin flavosemiquinone increases dramatically with increasing ph for the redox proteins and some of the other oxidants. the ph-rate constant p ...	1985	3985626
active transport of nonpolar amino acids in chromatium vinosum.	the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, chromatium vinosum, takes up the amino acids, l-phenylalanine and l-leucine, via two apparently different electrogenic, h+/amino acid symports. na+ serves as an allosteric modulator for leucine transport, lowering the km for leucine from 66 to 15 microm. c. vinosum cells also contain a system that transports both isoleucine and valine. the isoleucine/valine system has the attributes of a h+/amino acid symport at ph less than 7.5 but appears to function ...	1985	3985631
the amino acid sequence of a high-redox-potential ferredoxin from the purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodospirillum tenue strain 2761.	the 61-residue amino acid sequence of rhodospirillum tenue, strain 2761, high-redox-potential ferredoxin (hipip) is gtnaamrkafnyqdtakngkcsgcaqfvpgasptaaggckvipgdneiapggycdafivkk. it differs from that of r. tenue strain 3761 by 16 amino acid substitutions plus two single-residue deletions. this 26% sequence difference is similar to that observed among separate species of chromatiaceae such as chromatium vinosum, c. gracile, and thiocapsa roseopersicina, and is suprising because there are no disti ...	1985	4004266
amino acid sequence of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (hipip) isozymes from the extremely halophilic purple phototrophic bacterium, ectothiorhodospira halophila.	the amino acid sequences of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (hipip) isozymes from ectothiorhodospira halophila have been determined. these are: isozyme i, epraedghahdyvneaadpshgryqegqlcencafwgeavqdgwgrcthpdfdevlvkaegwcsvyapa s, and isozyme ii, glpdgvedlpkaeddhahdyvndaadtdharfqegqlcencqfwvdyvngwgycqhpdftdvlvrgegw csvyapa. isozyme ii is the major form of hipip produced by the bacterium (65-80%) and is the most acidic of the known hipips. the two isozymes are 72% identical to one another and requir ...	1985	4037807
isolation of l8 and l8s8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chromatium vinosum.	the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been purified from chromatium vinosum. when an extract is subjected to centrifugation at 35,000 x g in the presence of polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 and the supernatant is treated with 50 mm mg2+ and the precipitate is then fractionated by vertical centrifugation into a reoriented sucrose gradient followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-sephadex a50, the resultant enzyme contains large (l) and small (s) subunits. alternat ...	1985	4037978
kinetics of reduction of high redox potential ferredoxins by the semiquinones of clostridium pasteurianum flavodoxin and exogenous flavin mononucleotide. electrostatic and redox potential effects.	we have measured the ionic strength dependence of the rate constants for the electron-transfer reactions of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and flavodoxin semiquinones with 10 high redox potential ferredoxins (hipip's). the rate constants were extrapolated to infinite ionic strength by using a theoretical model of electrostatic interactions developed in our laboratory. in all cases, the sign of the electrostatic interaction was the same as the protein net charge, but the magnitudes were much smaller ...	1985	4074719
regulation of nitrogenase activity by covalent modification in chromatium vinosum.	nitrogenase in chromatium vinosum was rapidly, but reversibly inhibited by nh4+. activity of the fe protein component of nitrogenase required both mn2+ and activating enzyme. activating enzyme from rhodospirillum rubrum could replace chromatium chromatophores in activating the chromatium fe protein, and conversely, a protein fraction prepared from chromatium chromatophores was effective in activating r. rubrum fe protein. inactive chromatium fe protein contained a peptide covalently modified by ...	1985	3857878
magnetic susceptibility of hydrogenase from desulfovibrio vulgaris.	magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the hydrogenase [ec 1.12.2.1] from desulfovibrio vulgaris miyazaki f has an independent unpaired electron in its iron-sulfur cluster. the paramagnetic center of the desulfovibrio hydrogenase is, therefore, different from that in the chromatium hydrogenase which interacts with another paramagnetic center, probably nickel.	1985	3897216
mathematical model for determining the effects of intracytoplasmic inclusions on volume and density of microorganisms.	procaryotic microorganisms accumulate several polymers in the form of intracellular inclusions as a strategy to increase survival in a changing environment. such inclusions avoid osmotic pressure increases by tightly packaging certain macromolecules into the inclusion. in the present paper, a model describing changes in volume and density of the microbial cell as a function of the weight of the macromolecule forming the inclusion is derived from simple theoretical principles. the model is then t ...	1985	3902798
subunit dissociation and reconstitution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from chromatium vinosum.	the large and small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from chromatium vinosum were dissociated and separated at ph 9.6 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. after further purification by gel filtration, the small subunit fraction contained no carboxylase activity. the large subunit fraction was highly depleted of small subunit based on analysis by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. carboxylase activity of the large subunit fraction was approximately 1% of the untrea ...	1985	3918498
heterologous hybridization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) restores the enzyme activities.	the catalytic core (a8) and small subunit (b) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) were isolated from two species of cyanobacteria (aphanothece halophytica and synechococcus acmm 323) as well as from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, chromatium vinosum. the subunit b is essential for the activity of all three enzymes. the heterologous hybridization of rubisco molecules from the three organisms was attempted and the reconstitution of the catalytically active hybr ...	1985	3919715
circular dichroism and redox properties of high redox potential ferredoxins.	the circular dichroism (cd) spectra of 13 examples of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins (hipips), a class of [4fe-4s] ferredoxins, have been determined. in contrast to the proposal of carter [carter, c. w., jr. (1977) j. biol. chem. 252, 7802-7811], no strict correlation between visible cd features and utilization of the [4fe-4s]2+/[4fe-4s]3+ oxidation levels was found. although most hipips have these features, the model requires their presence in all species. there is also no simple relations ...	1985	3925987
polyamines in photosynthetic eubacteria and extreme-halophilic archaebacteria.	qualitative and quantitative determinations of polyamines have been done in 4 photosynthetic eubacteria and 6 extreme-halophilic archaebacteria. for comparison, 5 moderate-halophilic eubacteria were also analyzed to determine their polyamine contents. not only putrescine and spermidine but also homospermidine were found in the photosynthetic eubacteria, especially in the n2-fixing species, rhodospirillum and chromatium. norspermidine, norspermine, and spermine were not detected in the phototroph ...	1985	3928615
isolation, characterization, and comparison of a ubiquitous pigment-protein complex consisting of a reaction center and light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll proteins present in purple photosynthetic bacteria.	protein complexes (photochemical reaction complex; pr complex) bound to both light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-1 (lh-bchl-1) and reaction center bchl (rc-bchl) were purified from rhodospirillum rubrum (wild and carotenoid-less), rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (wild), and chromatium vinosum (wild). another protein complex (lh-2 complex) bound to lh-bchl-2 was also purified from rps. sphaeroides. the bacteria were grown in the presence of a [14c]amino acid mixture. the purification procedure incl ...	1985	3937841
chromatium flavocytochrome c: kinetics of reduction of the heme subunit, and the flavocytochrome c-mitochondrial cytochrome c complex.	the kinetics of reduction of chromatium vinosum flavocytochrome c heme subunit by exogenous flavin neutral semiquinones generated by laser flash photolysis have been investigated. unlike the holoprotein, the isolated heme subunit was appreciably reactive with lumiflavin neutral semiquinone. the measured rate constant for the reaction (2.7 x 10(7) m-1 s-1) was comparable to those of c-type cytochromes having similar redox potentials. the ionic strength dependence of the reaction with fmn neutral ...	1985	2981511
monovalent nickel in hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum. light sensitivity and evidence for direct interaction with hydrogen.	redox titrations with hydrogenase from chromatium vinosum show that its nickel ion can exist in 3, possibly 4, different redox states: the 3+, 2+, 1+ and possibly a zero valent state. the 1+ state is unstable: oxidation to ni(ii) occurs unless h2 gas is present. the ni(i) coordination, but not that of ni(iii), is highly light sensitive. a photoreaction occurs on illumination. it is irreversible below 77 k, but reversible at 200 k. the rate of this photodissociation reaction in 2h2o is nearly 6-t ...	1985	2981705