Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| microbial symbionts in insects influence down-regulation of defense genes in maize. | diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae are root-feeding insects and significant pests to maize in north america and europe. little is known regarding how plants respond to insect attack of roots, thus complicating the selection for plant defense targets. diabrotica virgifera virgifera is the most successful species in its genus and is the only diabrotica beetle harboring an almost species-wide wolbachia infection. diabrotica virgifera virgifera are infected with wolbachia and the typical gut flor ... | 2010 | 20596533 |
| the bacteria wolbachia in filariae, a biological russian dolls' system: new trends in antifilarial treatments. | filarial nematode species can host wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts. to understand the symbiosis, a higher level of complexity should be considered, taking in account the tripartite association between wolbachia, filariae and mammals. this overview article discusses the biology of wolbachia in filariae, including their distribution and phylogeny, mechanisms of action, inflammatory consequences on mammal host and biological control implications for filariases. potential directions for future res ... | 2010 | 20597434 |
| wolbachia infection in the tribe naupactini (coleoptera, curculionidae): association between thelytokous parthenogenesis and infection status. | several parthenogenetic species of broad-nosed weevils exist, some of them of economic importance because of their pest status. screening of the maternally inherited wolbachia bacterium in 29 weevils of the tribe naupactini, using multilocus sequence typing allowed us to assess a significant correlation between asexuality and infection, and suggests an involvement of wolbachia in the origin of this reproductive mode. the nine wolbachia strains retrieved from the naupactini belong to the b superg ... | 2010 | 20597993 |
| artificial triple wolbachia infection in aedes albopictus yields a new pattern of unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility. | obligately intracellular wolbachia bacteria infect numerous invertebrates and often manipulate host reproduction to facilitate the spread of infection. an example of reproductive manipulation is wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which occurs commonly in insects. this ci has been the focus both of basic scientific studies of naturally occurring invasion events and of applied investigations on the use of wolbachia as a vehicle to drive desired genotypes into insect populations (" ... | 2010 | 20601501 |
| construction and characterisation of a bac library made from field specimens of the onchocerciasis vector simulium squamosum (diptera: simuliidae). | a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library was made from wild-caught simulium squamosum, which is an important vector of human onchocerciasis. the library is composed of 12,288 bacs, with an average insert size of 128 kb, and is expected to contain ~1.54 gb of cloned dna. random bac-end sequencing generated over 95 kb of dna sequence data from which putative s. squamosum gene sequences and novel repetitive dna families were identified, including dna transposons, retrotransposons and simple ... | 2010 | 20603211 |
| effects of dietary folic acid level and symbiotic folate production on fitness and development in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. | folic acid is a vitamin for probably all animals. when converted to folate forms, it is used in dna synthesis and amino acid metabolism. literature suggests insects must consume folates, folates do not affect others, is a toxin for some, and that a few insects synthesize it. it has been reported that drosophila melanogaster does not consistently need dietary folate because it can synthesize it. this seems unlikely since animals generally lack this ability. more likely, folates thought to have be ... | 2010 | 20855945 |
| detection of anaplasma bovis dna in the peripheral blood of domestic dogs in japan. | the prevalence of ehrlichia and anaplasma in 1,427 dogs from 32 japanese prefectures was evaluated by pcr and dna nucleotide sequencing. pcr screening demonstrated that 18 dogs (1.3%) were positive for anaplasmataceae. sequence analysis revealed that 14 of the amplicons were most closely related to wolbachia spp., symbionts of dirofilaria immitis, whereas three were identified as anaplasma bovis. the remaining amplicon could not be sequenced. almost the entire sequence of 16s rrna (1,452 bp) fro ... | 2010 | 20859003 |
| wolbachia infection lowers fertile sperm transfer in a moth. | the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis manipulates host reproduction by rendering infected males reproductively incompatible with uninfected females (cytoplasmic incompatibility; ci). ci is believed to occur as a result of wolbachia-induced modifications to sperm during maturation, which prevent infected sperm from initiating successful zygote development when fertilizing uninfected females' eggs. however, the mechanism by which ci occurs has been little studied outside the genus drosop ... | 2010 | 20880864 |
| elevated levels of plasma angiogenic factors are associated with human lymphatic filarial infections. | lymphatic dilatation, dysfunction, and lymphangiogenesis are hallmarks of patent lymphatic filariasis, observed even in those with subclinical microfilaremia, through processes associated, in part, by vascular endothelial growth factors (vegfs). a panel of pro-angiogenic factors was measured in the plasma of subjects from filaria-endemic regions using multiplexed immunological assays. compared with endemic normal control subjects, those with both subclinical microfilaremia, and those with longst ... | 2010 | 20889885 |
| cytoplasmic feminizing elements in a two-population model: infection dynamics, gene flow modification, and the spread of autosomal suppressors. | we investigate the dynamics of a cytoplasmic parasitic element with feminizing effect in a two-population model. we assume that the host species has a zz/zw sex determination system. our analysis reveals that the feminizer and the w chromosome can stably coexist by dominating different populations if the transmission rate differs significantly between the populations and migration is sufficiently weak. in the equilibrium of coexistence, genetic influx at any host autosomal locus is strongly enha ... | 2010 | 20939837 |
| decoupling of host-symbiont-phage coadaptations following transfer between insect species. | transferring endosymbiotic bacteria between different host species can perturb the coordinated regulation of the host and bacterial genomes. here we use the most common maternally transmitted bacteria, wolbachia pipientis, to test the consequences of host genetic background on infection densities and the processes underlying those changes in the parasitoid wasp genus nasonia. introgressing the genome of nasonia giraulti into the infected cytoplasm of n. vitripennis causes a two-order-of-magnitud ... | 2010 | 20944019 |
| lipoprotein biosynthesis as a target for anti-wolbachia treatment of filarial nematodes. | abstract: | 2010 | 20946650 |
| wolbachia stimulates immune gene expression and inhibits plasmodium development in anopheles gambiae. | the over-replicating wmelpop strain of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis has recently been shown to be capable of inducing immune upregulation and inhibition of pathogen transmission in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. in order to examine whether comparable effects would be seen in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, transient somatic infections of wmelpop were created by intrathoracic inoculation. upregulation of six selected immune genes was observed compared to controls, at least two of which ( ... | 2010 | 20949079 |
| the emerging role of wolbachia species in heartworm disease. | heartworm disease was first recognized in dogs more than 100 years ago and is still prevalent among dogs and found in cats worldwide. the complications of heartworm disease can be devastating, and treatment carries risks. wolbachia spp are gram-negative bacteria that infect filarial nematodes, including dirofilaria immitis, and elicit an inflammatory response in cats and dogs. antimicrobial therapy directed against these bacteria has resulted in decreased microfilarial loads, inhibition of the d ... | 2010 | 20949416 |
| wolbachia-mediated resistance to dengue virus infection and death at the cellular level. | dengue is currently the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of humans. recent work has shown dengue virus displays limited replication in its primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti, when the insect harbors the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia-mediated inhibition of virus replication may lead to novel methods of arboviral control, yet the functional and cellular mechanisms that underpin it are unknown. | 2010 | 20976219 |
| infection incidence and relative density of the bacteriophage wo-b in aedes albopictus mosquitoes from fields in thailand. | we have used real-time quantitative pcr to measure, for the first time, the relative phage wo-b orf7 density and infection incidence in aedes albopictus mosquitoes from fields in thailand. our results showed that the infection incidence of phage wo-b in this mosquito, sampled from geographically different places in thailand, was 97.9%. average relative densities of the offspring were different when collected from diverse parts and reared under the same conditions in the laboratory. our results a ... | 2010 | 20981548 |
| strain-specific differences in mating, oviposition, and host-seeking behavior between wolbachia-infected and uninfected aedes albopictus. | wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that cause various reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility. in this study, we compared mating, oviposition, and host-seeking behavior of wolbachia-infected (houston [hou], gainesville [gnv]) and houston uninfected (ht1) aedes albopictus. in mating assays with virgin mosquitoes, mating success of wolbachia-infected males was significantly higher than uninfected strains. mating success was highest with hou ... | 2010 | 21033053 |
| higher-dose, more frequent treatment of wuchereria bancrofti. | 2010 | 21039221 | |
| multiple endosymbionts in populations of the ant formica cinerea. | many insects, including ants, are infected by maternally inherited wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria though other secondary endosymbionts have not been reported in ants. it has been suggested that the ability of wolbachia to invade and remain in an ant population depends on the number of coexisting queens in a colony. we study the genetic and social structure of populations in the ant formica cinerea which is known to have populations with either monogynous or polygynous colonies. we screen popul ... | 2010 | 21040533 |
| a simple protocol to obtain highly pure wolbachia endosymbiont dna for genome sequencing. | most genome sequencing projects using intracellular bacteria face difficulties in obtaining sufficient bacterial dna free of host contamination. we have developed a simple and rapid protocol to isolate endosymbiont dna virtually free from fly and mosquito host dna. we purified dna from six wolbachia strains in preparation for genome sequencing using this method, and achieved up to 97% pure wolbachia sequence, even after using frozen insects. this is a significant improvement for future wolbachia ... | 2010 | 21047535 |
| mito-nuclear genetic comparison in a wolbachia infected weevil: insights on reproductive mode, infection age and evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation. | maternally inherited endosymbionts like wolbachia pipientis are in linkage disequilibrium with the mtdna of their hosts. therefore, they can induce selective sweeps, decreasing genetic diversity over many generations. this sex ratio distorter, that is involved in the origin of parthenogenesis and other reproductive alterations, infects the parthenogenetic weevil naupactus cervinus, a serious pest of ornamental and fruit plants. | 2010 | 21050430 |
| prevalence of wolbachia supergroups a and b in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and some of its natural enemies. | wolbachia, a bacterial symbiont, is maternally transmitted in arthropods and nematodes. we report a systematic survey of wolbachia taxonomy in the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), and in some of its natural enemies. for the first time, wolbachia infections in b. tabaci are correlated with various whitefly genetic groups, host plants, and natural enemies as well as with geographical regions. polymerase chain reaction using 16s rdna and fisz genes revealed ... | 2010 | 21061989 |
| a comparative study on the functional response of wolbachia-infected and uninfected forms of the parasitoid wasp trichogramma brassicae. | trichogramma species (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) are haplo-diploid egg parasitoids that are frequently used as biological control agents against lepidopteran pests. these wasps display two reproductive modes, including arrhenotoky (bisexuality) and thelytoky (unisexuality). thelytokous forms are often associated with the presence of endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria. the use of thelytokous wasps has long been considered as a way to enhance the efficacy of biological control. the present stud ... | 2010 | 21062211 |
| a single dose of doxycycline in combination with diethylcarbamazine for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | standard treatment of lymphatic filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (dec) is associated with systemic adverse reactions, thought to be due to the release of microfilariae material and wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria into the blood. combination treatments with doxycycline for 3-8 weeks are more effective than standard treatment. however, long-term use of antibiotics may contribute to drug resistance and are not practical for use in remote areas. we assessed whether a single dose of doxycycline co ... | 2010 | 21073054 |
| touchdown-touchup nested pcr for low-copy gene detection of benzimidazole-susceptible wuchereria bancrofti with a wolbachia endosymbiont imported by migrant carriers. | a novel, sensitive and specific touchdown-touchup nested pcr (tnpcr) technique based on two useful molecular markers, a wuchereria bancrofti β-tubulin gene involved in benzimidazole susceptibility and a wolbachia ftsz gene involved in cell division, was developed to simultaneously detect the parasite w. bancrofti (w1) with its wolbachia endosymbiont (w2) from both microfilaremic and post-treatment samples of at-risk migrant carriers infected with geographical w. bancrofti isolates. the detection ... | 2010 | 21074526 |
| infection with the wmel and wmelpop strains of wolbachia leads to higher levels of melanization in the hemolymph of drosophila melanogaster, drosophila simulans and aedes aegypti. | introduction of the life-shortening strain of wolbachia pipientis, wmelpop, into the key dengue vector, aedes aegypti, and the anti-pathogen effects in wolbachia-infected hosts highlights the need for more research into its interactions with its original host, drosophila melanogaster, and the novel mosquito host. the visual difference in darkness between the eggs of wmelpop wolbachia-infected and uninfected mosquito hosts after egg deposition led to further investigation into melanization levels ... | 2010 | 21075139 |
| improved accuracy of the transcriptional profiling method of age grading in aedes aegypti mosquitoes under laboratory and semi-field cage conditions and in the presence of wolbachia infection. | transcriptional profiling is an effective method of predicting age in the mosquito aedes aegypti in the laboratory, however, its effectiveness is limited to younger mosquitoes. to address this we used a microarray to identify new gene candidates that show significant expression changes in older mosquitoes. these genes were then used to create a revised model, which upon evaluation in both laboratory and semi-field conditions, proved to have improved accuracy overall and for older mosquitoes. in ... | 2010 | 21114562 |
| multiple wolbachia determinants control the evolution of cytoplasmic incompatibilities in culex pipiens mosquito populations. | wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbionts that can invade arthropod populations through manipulation of their reproduction. in mosquitoes, wolbachia induce embryonic death, known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), whenever infected males mate with females either uninfected or infected with an incompatible strain. although genetic determinants of ci are unknown, a functional model involving the so-called mod and resc factors has been proposed. natural populations of culex pipiens mosquit ... | 2010 | 21114563 |
| many compatible wolbachia strains coexist within natural populations of culex pipiens mosquito. | maternally inherited wolbachia often manipulate the reproduction of arthropods to promote their transmission. in most species, wolbachia exert a form of conditional sterility termed cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), characterized by the death of embryos produced by the mating between individuals with incompatible wolbachia infections. from a theoretical perspective, no stable coexistence of incompatible wolbachia infections is expected within host populations and ci should induce the invasion of ... | 2010 | 21119702 |
| molecular approaches to identify cryptic species and polymorphic species within a complex community of fig wasps. | cryptic and polymorphic species can complicate traditional taxonomic research and both of these concerns are common in fig wasp communities. species identification is very difficult, despite great effort and the ecological importance of fig wasps. herein, we try to identify all chalcidoid wasp species hosted by one species of fig, using both morphological and molecular methods. we compare the efficiency of four different dna regions and find that its2 is highly effective for species identificati ... | 2010 | 21124735 |
| dynamics of the "popcorn" wolbachia infection in outbred aedes aegypti informs prospects for mosquito vector control. | forty percent of the world's population is at risk of contracting dengue virus, which produces dengue fever with a potentially fatal hemorrhagic form. the wmelpop wolbachia infection of drosophila melanogaster reduces life span and interferes with viral transmission when introduced into the mosquito aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue virus. wolbachia has been proposed as an agent for preventing transmission of dengue virus. population invasion by wolbachia depends on levels of cytoplasm ... | 2010 | 21135075 |
| understanding feline heartworm infection: disease, diagnosis, and treatment. | feline heartworm disease is a very different clinical entity from canine heartworm disease. in cats, the arrival and death of immature heartworms in the pulmonary arteries can cause coughing and dyspnea as early as 3 months postinfection. adult heartworms suppress the function of pulmonary intravascular macrophages and thus reduce clinical disease in chronic feline heartworm infection. approximately 80% of asymptomatic cats self-cure. median survival time for symptomatic cats is 1.5 years, or 4 ... | 2010 | 21147476 |
| infectious diseases. australia to test 'mosquito vaccine' against human disease. | 2010 | 21148356 | |
| infectious speciation revisited: impact of symbiont-depletion on female fitness and mating behavior of drosophila paulistorum. | the neotropical drosophila paulistorum superspecies, consisting of at least six geographically overlapping but reproductively isolated semispecies, has been the object of extensive research since at least 1955, when it was initially trapped mid-evolution in flagrant statu nascendi. in this classic system females express strong premating isolation patterns against mates belonging to any other semispecies, and yet uncharacterized microbial reproductive tract symbionts were described triggering hyb ... | 2010 | 21151959 |
| wolbachia infection and mitochondrial diversity in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis). | many species of filarial nematodes are infected with wolbachia pipientis, a maternally inherited endosymbiont. in addition to manipulating host reproduction, these bacteria also affect the evolution of the mitochondrial dna with which they are transmitted. selective sweeps can establish a single mitochondrial lineage within a wolbachia-infected population and purge genetic diversity. while this phenomenon has been studied in insect model systems, it has not been thoroughly examined in a filarial ... | 2010 | 21171866 |
| shape change in viable eggs of the collembolan folsomia candida provides insight into the role of wolbachia endosymbionts. | the endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia that infect the collembolan species folsomia candida are responsible for facilitating parthenogenetic reproduction in their hosts. this study made empirical observations of the development of eggs of f. candida which contained normal populations of wolbachia and of eggs which were cured of wolbachia by treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin. a marked increase in egg size accompanied by a significant change in shape from spherical to discoid occ ... | 2010 | 21174352 |
| dispersal and survival of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) males in italian urban areas and significance for sterile insect technique application. | the dispersal and survival of laboratory-reared aedes albopictus skuse males were investigated during the summer of 2007 in three northern italy urban localities by mark-release-recapture techniques. two marking methods were compared: one group of males was dusted with fluorescent pigments on the body (fp), and the other group was obtained from a strain whose natural infection of wolbachia had been removed (wb0). fp- and wb0-marked males were released as adults and pupae, respectively, in one fi ... | 2010 | 21175057 |
| bacterial diversity of field-caught mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, from different geographic regions of madagascar. | symbiotic bacteria are known to play important roles in the biology of insects, but the current knowledge of bacterial communities associated with mosquitoes is very limited and consequently their contribution to host behaviors is mostly unknown. in this study, we explored the composition and diversity of mosquito-associated bacteria in relation with mosquitoes' habitats. wild aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti were collected in three different geographic regions of madagascar. culturing methods ... | 2010 | 21175696 |
| a simple and distinctive microbiota associated with honey bees and bumble bees. | specialized relationships with bacteria often allow animals to exploit a new diet by providing a novel set of metabolic capabilities. bees are a monophyletic group of hymenoptera that transitioned to a completely herbivorous diet from the carnivorous diet of their wasp ancestors. recent culture-independent studies suggest that a set of distinctive bacterial species inhabits the gut of the honey bee, apis mellifera. here we survey the gut microbiotae of diverse bee and wasp species to test whethe ... | 2010 | 21175905 |
| a worm's best friend: recruitment of neutrophils by wolbachia confounds eosinophil degranulation against the filarial nematode onchocerca ochengi. | onchocerca ochengi, a filarial parasite of cattle, represents the closest relative of the human pathogen, onchocerca volvulus. both species harbour wolbachia endosymbionts and are remarkable in that adult female worms remain viable but sessile for many years while surrounded by host cells and antibodies. the basis of the symbiosis between filariae and wolbachia is thought to be metabolic, although a role for wolbachia in immune evasion has received little attention. neutrophils are attracted to ... | 2010 | 21177682 |
| bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera. | one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ... | 2010 | 21183640 |
| insertion sequence inversions mediated by ectopic recombination between terminal inverted repeats. | transposable elements are widely distributed and diverse in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, as exemplified by dna transposons. as a result, they represent a considerable source of genomic variation, for example through ectopic (i.e. non-allelic homologous) recombination events between transposable element copies, resulting in genomic rearrangements. ectopic recombination may also take place between homologous sequences located within transposable element sequences. dna transposons are typically ... | 2010 | 21187977 |
| detection of wolbachia dna in blood from dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis. | dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of heartworm disease in canines and felines, and pulmonary dirofilariasis in man. it harbors a symbiotic intracellular bacterium from the genus wolbachia that plays an important role in its biology and contributes to the inflammatory pathology of the heartworm. this endosymbiont is sensitive to the tetracycline family of antibiotics prompting its use in the treatment of filariasis. to track wolbachia during treatment, primers were designed based on the ... | 2010 | 20457156 |
| co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species. | whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) are two of the most widespread and damaging whitefly species. to complete their unbalanced diet, whiteflies harbor the obligatory bacterium portiera aleyrodidarum. b. tabaci further harbors a diverse array of secondary symbio ... | 2010 | 20462452 |
| massively parallel pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analyses of small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus), a vector insect transmitting rice stripe virus (rsv). | the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) is an important agricultural pest that not only damages rice plants by sap-sucking, but also acts as a vector that transmits rice stripe virus (rsv), which can cause even more serious yield loss. despite being a model organism for studying entomology, population biology, plant protection, molecular interactions among plants, viruses and insects, only a few genomic sequences are available for this species. to investigate its transcriptome and d ... | 2010 | 20462456 |
| do variable compensatory mechanisms explain the polymorphism of the dependence phenotype in the asobara tabida-wolbachia association? | wolbachia are symbiotic intracellular bacteria, which are classified as reproductive parasites. although generally facultative, wolbachia is necessary for asobara tabida (hymenoptera), because aposymbiotic females do not produce any offspring. interestingly, the ovarian phenotype of aposymbiotic females is variable: some females do not produce any eggs, whereas others do produce some eggs, but these are aborted. here, we show that the ovarian phenotype of aposymbiotic females is highly polymorph ... | 2010 | 20482609 |
| molecular characterization and localization of the obligate endosymbiotic bacterium in the birch catkin bug kleidocerys resedae (heteroptera: lygaeidae, ischnorhynchinae). | in contrast to specific bacterial symbionts of many stinkbugs, which are harboured extracellularly in the lumina of midgut sacs or tubular outgrowths, the obligate endosymbiont of birch catkin bug kleidocerys resedae (heteroptera: lygaeidae) resides in a red-coloured, raspberry-shaped mycetome, localized abdominally, close to the midgut section. phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16s rrna gene and the groel (chaperonin) gene, showed that the bacteria belong to the gamma-subdivision of the prote ... | 2010 | 20500529 |
| a divergent cardinium found in daddy long-legs (arachnida: opiliones). | recent studies indicate that a newly described bacterial endosymbiont, cardinium, is widespread in arthropods and induces different reproductive manipulations in hosts. in this study, we used a portion of the 16s rrna gene of the cardinium to screen 16 opilionid species from the suborder palptores. we found the incidence of cardinium in these opiliones was significantly higher than in other pooled arthropods (31.2% versus 7.2%, p=0.007). phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (mp) and bay ... | 2010 | 20515696 |
| the mushroom habitat as an ecological arena for global exchange of wolbachia. | wolbachia infect a variety of arthropod and nematode hosts, but in arthropods, host phylogenetic relationships are usually poor predictors of strain similarity. this suggests that new infections are often established by horizontal transmission. to gain insight into the factors affecting the probability of horizontal transmission among host species, we ask how host phylogeny, geographical distribution and ecology affect patterns of wolbachia strain similarity. we used multilocus sequence typing ( ... | 2010 | 20529071 |
| ecology, wolbachia infection frequency and mode of reproduction in the parasitoid wasp tetrastichus coeruleus (hymenoptera: eulophidae). | whereas sexual reproduction may facilitate adaptation to complex environments with many biotic interactions, simplified environments are expected to favour asexual reproduction. in agreement with this, recent studies on invertebrates have shown a prevalence of asexual species in agricultural (simplified) but not in natural (complex) environments. we investigated whether the same correlation between reproductive mode and habitat can be found in different populations within one species. the parasi ... | 2010 | 20345674 |
| wolbachia modulates chikungunya replication in aedes albopictus. | the aedes albopictus mosquito has been involved as the principal vector of recent major outbreaks due to the chikungunya virus (chikv). the species is naturally infected by two strains of wolbachia (walba and walbb). wolbachia infections are thought to have spread by manipulating the reproduction of their hosts; cytoplasmic incompatibility is the mechanism used by wolbachia to invade natural populations of many insects including ae. albopictus. here, we report a study on the effects of removing ... | 2010 | 20345686 |
| plant green-island phenotype induced by leaf-miners is mediated by bacterial symbionts. | the life cycles of many organisms are constrained by the seasonality of resources. this is particularly true for leaf-mining herbivorous insects that use deciduous leaves to fuel growth and reproduction even beyond leaf fall. our results suggest that an intimate association with bacterial endosymbionts might be their way of coping with nutritional constraints to ensure successful development in an otherwise senescent environment. we show that the phytophagous leaf-mining moth phyllonorycter blan ... | 2010 | 20356892 |
| transforming growth factor-beta expression by host cells is elicited locally by the filarial nematode onchocerca volvulus in hyporeactive patients independently from wolbachia. | transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) is a key cytokine in immune regulation, cell differentiation, development, wound healing, and tissue remodelling. it mediates immunosuppression in filarial infections facilitating parasite persistence, while attenuating immunopathology, which is induced by migrating microfilariae. immunosuppression rises with parasite burden, but it remains unknown whether filariae elicit local release of immunosuppressive cytokines. therefore, using immunohistology, we ... | 2010 | 20359544 |
| mitochondrial genes for heme-dependent respiratory chain complexes are up-regulated after depletion of wolbachia from filarial nematodes. | the filarial nematodes brugia malayi, wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus cause elephantiasis or dermatitis and blindness resulting in severe morbidity. annually, 1.3 billion people are at risk of infection. targeting the essential wolbachia endobacteria of filarial nematodes with doxycycline has proven to be an effective therapy resulting in a block in embryogenesis, worm development and macrofilaricidal effects. however, doxycycline is contraindicated for a large portion of the at ris ... | 2010 | 20362581 |
| the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia induces resistance to dengue virus in aedes aegypti. | genetic strategies that reduce or block pathogen transmission by mosquitoes have been proposed as a means of augmenting current control measures to reduce the growing burden of vector-borne diseases. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has long been promoted as a potential vehicle for introducing disease-resistance genes into mosquitoes, thereby making them refractory to the human pathogens they transmit. given the large overlap in tissue distribution and intracellular localization between wol ... | 2010 | 20368968 |
| does wolbachia infection affect trichogramma atopovirilia behaviour? | unisexual trichogramma forms have attracted much attention due to their potential advantages as biocontrol agents. fitness studies have been performed and understanding the cost that wolbachia may inflict on their hosts will help in deciding if wolbachia infected (unisexual) forms are indeed better than sexual forms when used in biological control programmes. the influence of wolbachia on the foraging behaviour (including walking activity and speed) of t. atopovirilia is reported in this paper. ... | 2010 | 20379652 |
| characterization of a new aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae)-wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) symbiotic association generated by artificial transfer of the wpip strain from culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | wolbachia is a maternally inherited endosymbiont inducing various effects in insects and other invertebrate hosts that facilitate the invasion of naive host populations. one of the effects is a form of sterility known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) through which females are effectively sterilized when they mate with males harboring a different wolbachia strain. the repeated mass release of cytoplasmically incompatible males can be a tool to suppress insect populations. here, we attempt to i ... | 2010 | 20380298 |
| a small sequence in domain v of the mitochondrial large ribosomal rna restores drosophila melanogaster pole cell determination in uv-irradiated embryos. | the mechanism by which the mitochondrial large rrna is involved in the restoration of the pole cell-forming ability in drosophila embryos is still unknown. we identified a 15-ribonucleotide sequence which is conserved from the protobacterium wolbachia to the higher eukaryotes in domain v of the mitochondrial large rrna. this short sequence is sufficient to restore pole cell determination in uv-irradiated drosophila embryos. here, we provide evidence that the conserved 15-base sequence is suffici ... | 2010 | 20386994 |
| analysis of wolbachia strains associated with conotrachelus nenuphar (coleoptera: curculionidae) in the eastern united states. | we studied the distribution patterns of wolbachia infection associated with plum curculio strains in eight states of the eastern united states. the presence of the wolbachia-specific gene wsp identified infections of this endosymbiont in 97.8% of the 93 samples tested. three distinct wolbachia strains were identified. the strains wcne1 (593 bp) and wcne2 (593 bp) were 97% identical, and their sequences were both 84% identical with wcne3 (590 bp). blastn searches through genbank showed strong sim ... | 2010 | 20388268 |
| the maintenance of genetic variation for oviposition rate in two-spotted spider mites: inferences from artificial selection. | despite the directional selection acting on life-history traits, substantial amounts of standing variation for these traits have frequently been found. this variation may result from balancing selection (e.g., through genetic trade-offs) or from mutation-selection balance. these mechanisms affect allele frequencies in different ways: under balancing selection alleles are maintained at intermediate frequencies, whereas under mutation-selection balance variation is generated by deleterious mutatio ... | 2010 | 20394655 |
| diversity of wolbachia in odontotermes spp. (termitidae) and coptotermes heimi (rhinotermitidae) using the multigene approach. | the intracellular bacteria, wolbachia, are well known for inducing reproductive alterations in arthropod hosts, especially insects. the ancient origin and huge diversity, combined with the ecological, biological and behavioral plasticity of termites, make the latter exciting candidates for studying the interactions of wolbachia. in the present study, we investigated the distribution of wolbachia in populations of odontotermes spp. and coptotermes heimi termites occurring in 14 colonies (12 odont ... | 2010 | 20402779 |
| macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline only treatment of onchocerca volvulus in an area of loa loa co-endemicity: a randomized controlled trial. | the risk of severe adverse events following treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in areas co-endemic with loiasis currently compromises the development of control programmes and the treatment of co-infected individuals. we therefore assessed whether doxycycline treatment could be used without subsequent ivermectin administration to effectively deliver sustained effects on onchocerca volvulus microfilaridermia and adult viability. furthermore we assessed the safety of doxycycline treatment ... | 2010 | 20405054 |
| evidence for wolbachia symbiosis in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti from west bengal, india. | wolbachia are symbiotic endobacteria that infect the majority of filarial nematodes, including wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and onchocerca volvulus. recent studies have suggested that wolbachia are necessary for the reproduction and survival of filarial nematodes and have highlighted the use of antibiotic therapy such as tetracycline/doxycycline as a novel method of treatment for infections caused by these organisms. before such therapy is conceived and implemented on a large scale, it is ... | 2010 | 20413911 |
| onchodermatitis. | this review is timely because awareness of the burden of disease from onchodermatitis has increased significantly over recent years. recent progress in the field is reviewed with emphasis on publications within the past 2 years. | 2010 | 20071985 |
| functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid nasonia species. | we report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: nasonia vitripennis, n. giraulti, and n. longicornis. parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. key findings include the identification of a functional dna methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse ... | 2010 | 20075255 |
| wolbachia as a bacteriocyte-associated nutritional mutualist. | many insects are dependent on bacterial symbionts that provide essential nutrients (ex. aphid-buchnera and tsetse-wiglesworthia associations), wherein the symbionts are harbored in specific cells called bacteriocytes that constitute a symbiotic organ bacteriome. facultative and parasitic bacterial symbionts like wolbachia have been regarded as evolutionarily distinct from such obligate nutritional mutualists. however, we discovered that, in the bedbug cimex lectularius, wolbachia resides in a ba ... | 2010 | 20080750 |
| the spiroplasma heritable bacterial endosymbiont of drosophila. | since the discovery of the small, gram-positive bacteria, spiroplasma, as a sex-ratio distorting agent in drosophila over 50 years ago, substantial progress has been made in understanding the relationship of this bacteria with its insect host. thus far, spiroplasma have been found as heritable endosymbionts in sixteen different species of drosophila. in some species these bacteria cause a male-killing phenotype, where the males die during embryogenesis. in other species, however, spiroplasma doe ... | 2010 | 20081357 |
| phage wo of wolbachia: lambda of the endosymbiont world. | the discovery of an extraordinarily high level of mobile elements in the genome of wolbachia, a widespread arthropod and nematode endosymbiont, suggests that this bacterium could be an excellent model for assessing the evolution and function of mobile dna in specialized bacteria. in this paper, we discuss how studies on the temperate bacteriophage wo of wolbachia have revealed unexpected levels of genomic flux and are challenging previously held views about the clonality of obligate intracellula ... | 2010 | 20083406 |
| behavioral and spermatogenic hybrid male breakdown in nasonia. | several reproductive barriers exist within the nasonia species complex, including allopatry, premating behavioral isolation, postzygotic inviability and wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. here we show that hybrid males suffer two additional reproductive disadvantages, an inability to properly court females and decreased sperm production. hybrid behavioral sterility, characterized by a reduced ability of hybrids to perform necessary courtship behaviors, occurs in hybrids between two s ... | 2010 | 20087395 |
| phylogeography of nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera) indicates a mitochondrial-wolbachia sweep in north america. | here we report evidence of a mitochondrial-wolbachia sweep in north american populations of the parasitoid wasp nasonia vitripennis, a cosmopolitan species and emerging model organism for evolutionary and genetic studies. analysis of the genetic variation of 89 n. vitripennis specimens from europe and north america was performed using four types of genetic markers: a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene, nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, sequences from 11 single-copy nu ... | 2010 | 20087396 |
| doxycycline for mansonella perstans infection. | 2010 | 20089982 | |
| bacterial symbionts of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål), the most destructive pest of rice, has been identified, including biotypes with high virulence towards previously resistant rice varieties. there have also been many reports of a yeast-like symbiont of n. lugens, but little is known about the bacterial microbes. in this study, we examined the bacterial microbes in n. lugens and identified a total of 18 operational taxonomic units (otus) representing four phyla (proteobacteria, firmicutes, actinoba ... | 2010 | 20097822 |
| accelerated microevolution in an outer membrane protein (omp) of the intracellular bacteria wolbachia. | outer membrane proteins (omps) of gram-negative bacteria are key players in the biology of bacterial-host interactions. however, while considerable attention has been given to omps of vertebrate pathogens, relatively little is known about the role of these proteins in bacteria that primarily infect invertebrates. one such omp is found in the intracellular bacteria wolbachia, which are widespread symbionts of arthropods and filarial nematodes. recent experimental studies have shown that the wolba ... | 2010 | 20163713 |
| characteristics of the genome of arsenophonus nasoniae, son-killer bacterium of the wasp nasonia. | we report the properties of a draft genome sequence of the bacterium arsenophonus nasoniae, son-killer bacterium of nasonia vitripennis. the genome sequence data from this study are the first for a male-killing bacterium, and represent a microorganism that is unusual compared with other sequenced symbionts, in having routine vertical and horizontal transmission, two alternating hosts, and being culturable on cell-free media. the resulting sequence totals c. 3.5 mbp and is annotated to contain 33 ... | 2010 | 20167019 |
| association of wolbachia with heartworm disease in cats and dogs. | although the presence of adult dirofilaria immitis in the pulmonary arteries and its associated arteritis and thromboembolic disease can explain some of the manifestations of canine and feline heartworm disease, the cause of other findings remains unclear. cats with d. immitis antibodies but lacking adult parasites in the pulmonary arteries frequently develop histological lesions of the airways, resulting in a condition termed heartworm-associated respiratory disease. all d. immitis parasites ha ... | 2010 | 20193981 |
| bacterial genes in the aphid genome: absence of functional gene transfer from buchnera to its host. | genome reduction is typical of obligate symbionts. in cellular organelles, this reduction partly reflects transfer of ancestral bacterial genes to the host genome, but little is known about gene transfer in other obligate symbioses. aphids harbor anciently acquired obligate mutualists, buchnera aphidicola (gammaproteobacteria), which have highly reduced genomes (420-650 kb), raising the possibility of gene transfer from ancestral buchnera to the aphid genome. in addition, aphids often harbor oth ... | 2010 | 20195500 |
| molecular evolution and functional characterization of drosophila insulin-like peptides. | multicellular animals match costly activities, such as growth and reproduction, to the environment through nutrient-sensing pathways. the insulin/igf signaling (iis) pathway plays key roles in growth, metabolism, stress resistance, reproduction, and longevity in diverse organisms including mammals. invertebrate genomes often contain multiple genes encoding insulin-like ligands, including seven drosophila insulin-like peptides (dilps). we investigated the evolution, diversification, redundancy, a ... | 2010 | 20195512 |
| [establishment of a new continuous cell line of drosophila melanogaster strain infected by the intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis under natural conditions]. | wolbachia pipientis is an obligately intracellular bacterium infecting a number of arthropod and nematode species. at the body level, wolbachia infection may cause parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males, male killing, or cytoplasmic incompatibility; it may also be asymptomatic. of special interest is dna transfer from wolbachia to the host insect genome, which was discovered recently. at the cellular level, the effects caused by wolbachia have been studied more poorly. only one of the kn ... | 2010 | 20198874 |
| immunohistological studies on neoplasms of female and male onchocerca volvulus: filarial origin and absence of wolbachia from tumor cells. | up to 5% of untreated female onchocerca volvulus filariae develop potentially fatal pleomorphic neoplasms, whose incidence is increased following ivermectin treatment. we studied the occurrence of 8 filarial proteins and of wolbachia endobacteria in the tumor cells. onchocercomas from patients, untreated and treated with antibiotics and anthelminthics, were examined by immunohistology. neoplasms were diagnosed in 112 of 3587 female and in 2 of 1570 male o. volvulus. the following proteins and ot ... | 2010 | 20199697 |
| prevalence of endosymbionts in bemisia tabaci populations and their in vivo sensitivity to antibiotics. | bemisia tabaci can harbor both primary and secondary endosymbionts, and the specific endosymbionts can differ among different b. tabaci biotypes. this study determined (1) the prevalence of the primary endosymbiont portiera aleyrodidarum and secondary endosymbionts arsenophonus and wolbachia in two invasive biotypes (b and q) and one indigenous biotype (cv) in china and (2) the in vivo effect of three antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin trihydrate, and rifampicin) against the endosymbionts; if ... | 2010 | 20217091 |
| monitoring long-term evolutionary changes following wolbachia introduction into a novel host: the wolbachia popcorn infection in drosophila simulans. | wolbachia may act as a biological control agent for pest management; in particular, the wolbachia variant wmelpop (popcorn) shortens host longevity and may be useful for dengue suppression. however, long-term changes in the host and wolbachia genomes can alter wolbachia spread and/or host effects that suppress disease. here, we investigate the phenotypic effects of wmelpop in a non-native host, drosophila simulans, following artificial transinfection approximately 200 generations ago. long-term ... | 2010 | 20219740 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| structured and unstructured continuous models for wolbachia infections. | we introduce and investigate a series of models for an infection of a diplodiploid host species by the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia. the continuous models are characterized by partial vertical transmission, cytoplasmic incompatibility and fitness costs associated with the infection. a particular aspect of interest is competitions between mutually incompatible strains. we further introduce an age-structured model that takes into account different fertility and mortality rates at different sta ... | 2010 | 20232169 |
| wolbachia age-sex-specific density in aedes albopictus: a host evolutionary response to cytoplasmic incompatibility? | wolbachia bacteria have invaded many arthropod species by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). these symbionts represent fascinating objects of study for evolutionary biologists, but also powerful potential biocontrol agents. here, we assess the density dynamics of wolbachia infections in males and females of the mosquito aedes albopitcus, an important vector of human pathogens, and interpret the results within an evolutionary framework. | 2010 | 20300514 |
| mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and wolbachia: re-assessment of a bark beetle dataset. | phylogenetic studies based on mtdna become increasingly questioned because of potential pitfalls due to mitochondrial pseudogenes and mitochondrial selective sweeps. while the inclusion of nuclear markers should preferentially be considered for future studies, there is no need to abandon mtdna as long as tests for the known mtdna artefacts are performed. in this study we presentadditionaldata and test previous phylogeographical studies of pityogenes chalcographus. we did not detect nuclear copie ... | 2010 | 21594185 |
| current evidence on the use of antifilarial agents in the management of bancroftian filariasis. | many trials have explored the efficacy of individual drugs and drug combinations to treat bancroftian filariasis. this narrative review summarizes the current evidence for drug management of bancroftian filariasis. diethylcarbamazine (dec) remains the prime antifilarial agent with a well-established microfilaricidal and some macrofilaricidal effects. ivermectin (ivm) is highly microfilaricidal but minimally macrofilaricidal. the role of albendazole (alb) in treatment regimens is not well establi ... | 2010 | 21234244 |
| diversity and infection prevalence of endosymbionts in natural populations of the chestnut weevil: relevance of local climate and host plants. | many insects are ubiquitously associated with multiple endosymbionts, whose infection patterns often exhibit spatial and temporal variations. how such endosymbiont variations are relevant to local adaptation of the host organisms is of ecological interest. here, we report a comprehensive survey of endosymbionts in natural populations of the chestnut weevil curculio sikkimensis, whose larvae are notorious pests of cultivated chestnuts and also infest acorns of various wild oaks. from 968 insects ... | 2010 | 21199036 |
| effect of a high dose of three antibiotics on the reproduction of a parthenogenetic strain of folsomia candida (isotomidae: collembola). | folsomia candida willem (isotomidae: collembola) is an edaphic parthenogenetic species commonly used in ecotoxicity studies. we exposed f. candida to a high dose of three antibiotics, tylosin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline, that target different bacterial groups. possible toxic effects were assessed through egg production, hatching, and body size. all three antibiotics caused toxic effects. treatment with oxytetracycline proved the most toxic. this group showed the smallest body size and lowe ... | 2010 | 22127168 |
| population dynamics of noncytoplasmic incompatibility-inducing wolbachia in nilaparvata lugens and its effects on host adult life span and female fitness. | wolbachia are bacteria that live intracellularly in a wide variety of arthropods. they are maternally inherited and can affect both reproduction and fitness of its host. when infected males mate with uninfected females or females infected by a different wolbachia strain, there is often a failure of karyogamy, which is usually attributed to cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). we measured the strength of ci induced by wolbachia and the fitness effects in three chinese populations of the brown plant ... | 2010 | 22182545 |
| effect of certain antibiotics against filarial parasite brugia malayi in vitro: possible role of oxidative stress. | who-tropical disease research scheme highlighted the need for development of new anti-filarial drugs. certain antibiotics have recently been found effective against wolbachia, co-existing symbiotically with filarial parasites. inflammatory response entails oxidative mechanism to educe direct anti-microbial effect. in the present study microfilariae were maintained in vitro in medium supplemented with varying concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline (20-100 µg/ml) or ciprofloxacin (50-250 µg/m ... | 2010 | 21966105 |
| rapid evolution of wolbachia density in insecticide resistant culex pipiens. | the maternally inherited symbiotic wolbachia have been previously shown to have much greater densities in insecticide-resistant culex pipiens mosquitoes than in insecticide-susceptible individuals. these high densities were shown to be at least partially responsible for the costs related to insecticide resistance in this species. we report here the rapid evolution, on the order of 50 generations, of bacterial densities both in laboratory and field populations. along with other recently published ... | 2010 | 19654607 |
| cytoplasmic incompatibility in populations with overlapping generations. | many insects and other arthropods harbor maternally inherited bacteria inducing "cytoplasmic incompatibility" (ci), reduced egg hatch when infected males mate with uninfected females. ci-causing infections produce a frequency-dependent reproductive advantage for infected females. however, many such infections impose fitness costs that lead to unstable equilibrium frequencies below which the infections tend to be eliminated. to understand the unstable equilibria produced by reduced lifespan or le ... | 2010 | 19686264 |
| superinfection of five wolbachia in the alnus ambrosia beetle, xylosandrus germanus (blandford) (coleoptera: curuculionidae). | wolbachia bacteria are among the most common endosymbionts in insects. in wolbachia research, the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene has been used as a phylogenetic tool, but relationships inferred by single-locus analysis can be unreliable because of the extensive genome recombination among wolbachia strains. therefore, a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method for wolbachia, which relies upon a set of five conserved genes, is recommended. in this study, we examined whether the alnus ambrosi ... | 2010 | 19698196 |
| unexplained split sex ratios in the neotropical plant-ant, allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae (myrmicinae): a test of hypotheses. | we investigated sex allocation in the neotropical ant allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae. because allomerus is a plant symbiont, we could make geographically extensive collections of complete colonies and of foundresses in saplings, allowing us to estimate not only population- and colony-level sex allocation but also colony resource levels and the relatedness of competing ant foundresses. this species exhibits a strongly split sex ratio, with 80% of mature colonies producing >or=90% of one ... | 2010 | 19703224 |
| distribution of wolbachia infection in chorthippus parallelus populations within and beyond a pyrenean hybrid zone. | two subspecies of the meadow grasshopper chorthippus parallelus meet in a secondary hybrid zone in the pyrenees. we have recently detected wolbachia infection in this extensively studied species. c. p. parallelus (cpp) and c. p. erythropus (cpe) harbour bacteria from the b and f supergroups, but they differ noticeably in the incidence and type of infection present in their populations. we can distinguish different regional infection patterns that are associated with the distribution of pure and ... | 2010 | 19738635 |
| population dynamics and rapid spread of cardinium, a bacterial endosymbiont causing cytoplasmic incompatibility in encarsia pergandiella (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a common phenotype of maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods; in its simplest expression, uninfected females produce few or no viable progeny when mated to infected males. infected females thus experience a reproductive advantage relative to that of uninfected females, with the potential for the symbiont to spread rapidly. ci population dynamics are predicted to depend primarily on the strength of incompatibility, the fitness cost of the infect ... | 2010 | 19812617 |
| rapid spread of male-killing wolbachia in the butterfly hypolimnas bolina. | reproductive parasites such as wolbachia can spread through uninfected host populations by increasing the relative fitness of the infected maternal lineage. however, empirical estimates of how fast this process occurs are limited. here we use nucleotide sequences of male-killing wolbachia bacteria and co-inherited mitochondria to address this issue in the island butterfly hypolimnas bolina. we show that infected specimens scattered throughout the species range harbour the same wolbachia and mito ... | 2010 | 19912450 |
| identification and phylogenetic analysis of dirofilaria ursi (nematoda: filarioidea) from wisconsin black bears (ursus americanus) and its wolbachia endosymbiont. | dirofilaria ursi is a filarial nematode of american black bears (ursus americanus pallas, 1780) that is vectored by black flies (simuliidae) in many parts of the united states. in northwestern wisconsin, the prevalence of microfilaremic bears during the fall hunting season was 21% (n = 47). unsheathed blood microfilariae from wisconsin bears possess characters consistent with the original description of d. ursi, as do adult worms observed histologically and grossly. immunohistochemistry was used ... | 2010 | 19916630 |
| lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations. | lateral transfer of mobile dna is a hallmark of bacteria with a free-living replicative stage; however, its significance in obligate intracellular bacteria and other heritable endosymbionts remains controversial. comparative sequence analyses from laboratory stocks infected with wolbachia pipientis provide some of the most compelling evidence that bacteriophage wo-b transfers laterally between infections of the same insect host. lateral transfer between coinfections, however, has been evaluated ... | 2010 | 19906794 |
| transinfection and growth discrepancy of drosophila wolbachia strain wmel in cell lines of the mosquito aedes albopictus. | the wolbachia strain wmel can protect drosophila melanogaster against pathogenic rna viruses. to analyse the potential of this inhibitory effect against arboviruses vectorized by these mosquitoes, we here first transinfected the aedes albopictus aa23 and c6/36 cell lines with the wolbachia strain wmel and then monitored their infection dynamics. | 2010 | 19951376 |