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[incidence of q fever in campania and value of complement fixation and microscopic agglutination reactions]. 201613421486
an unusual manifestation of q fever: peritonitis.q fever has rarely been reported and can be difficult to diagnose, especially in immunocompromised patients. in the present report, we describe an unusual case of q fever that presented as peritonitis and was treated with long-term combination therapy with doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin for five weeks in a patient who had been on peritoneal dialysis for six years due to hypertensive nephropathy.201625899561
[acute hepatitis due coxiella burnetii]. 201626392251
evaluation of associations among coxiella burnetii and reproductive abnormalities in cats.coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is found worldwide, is associated or suggested to be associated with reproductive abnormalities in a number of species including cats, and is the cause of q fever in humans. in a previous study, c burnetii dna was amplified from the uterine tissues of 8.5% of client-owned cats in the usa but reproductive history was unknown and histopathological examination was not performed. in this study, uterine tissues of 26 normal cats and 11 cat ...201625944579
serum level of c-reactive protein is not a parameter to determine the difference between viral and atypical bacterial infections.c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute-phase reactant that increases in the circulation in response to a variety of inflammatory stimuli. elevated levels in serum during several infectious diseases have been reported. in this study, a highly sensitive crp enzyme immunoassay was used to evaluate serum crp values in patients with viral and atypical bacterial infections. patients (n = 139) with different viral or atypical bacterial infections (systemic or respiratory) and healthy controls (n = 40) we ...201626241406
serological survey using elisa to determine the prevalence of coxiella burnetii infection (q fever) in sheep and goats in great britain.a survey of coxiella burnetii infection (q fever) in sheep flocks and goat herds in great britain was undertaken. a total of 5791 sheep (384 flocks) and 522 goats (145 herds) were examined for c. burnetii antibodies using an elisa. overall, 53 sheep (37 flocks), and four goats (four herds), tested positive. estimates of individual animal, between-flock/-herd and within-flock/-herd crude prevalences were 0·9%, 10·2% and 9·0%, respectively, for sheep, and 0·8%, 3% and 26·3%, respectively, for goat ...201625990008
evaluation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by zoonotic pathogens in an area with a high density of animal farms.intensive animal farming could potentially lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases. clinicians are at the forefront of detecting unusual diseases, but the lack of specificity of zoonotic disease symptoms makes this a challenging task. we evaluated patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) with known and unknown aetiology in an area with a high livestock density and a potential association with animal farms in the proximity. between 2008 and 2009, a period coinciding with a large q fever ...201626214299
seroepidemiological study of q fever in small ruminants from southeast iran.the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of coxiella burnetii antibodies in small ruminants in southeast iran. a total of 368 small ruminant blood samples (241 caprine blood samples and 127 ovine blood samples) were collected from january to may of 2011 in southeast iran. a commercial elisa test kit was employed to identify specific antibodies against c. burnetii in the sheep and goats. seropositivity in the examined counties ranged from 17.1% to 39.2%. of the animals tested, ...201625270385
q fever dairy herd status determination based on serological and molecular analysis of bulk tank milk.ruminants are recognized as the main reservoirs of coxiella burnetii. efsa highlighted the lack of knowledge about q fever prevalence in many european countries. a cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected dairy herds (n = 109) from central portugal to screen for c. burnetii infection and to correlate it with herd factors. bulk tank milk (btm) samples from cattle (n = 45) and small ruminant (n = 64) herds were tested by elisa and pcr. the apparent seroprevalence of q fever was e ...201625208655
molecular and serological intraocular fluid analysis of coxiella burnetii-seropositive patients with concurrent idiopathic uveitis.previous studies have suggested a link between q fever and uveitis. we determined whether coxiella burnetii causes intraocular infection in c. burnetii-seropositive patients with idiopathic uveitis.201624945498
lamp proteins account for the maturation delay during the establishment of the coxiella burnetii-containing vacuole.the obligate intracellular pathogen coxiella burnetii replicates in a large phagolysosomal-like vacuole. currently, both host and bacterial factors required for creating this replicative parasitophorous c. burnetii-containing vacuole (pv) are poorly defined. here, we assessed the contributions of the most abundant proteins of the lysosomal membrane, lamp-1 and lamp-2, to the establishment and maintenance of the pv. whereas these proteins were not critical for uptake of c. burnetii, they influenc ...201626249821
impact of is1111 insertion on the mlva genotyping of coxiella burnetii.q fever epidemiological investigations of the likely sources of contamination may involve coxiella burnetii mlva for direct and rapid typing from clinical samples. however, little information is available with regards to pcr amplification failures in c. burnetii mlva typing. this paper focuses on difficulties encountered with mlva loci that may impact the interpretation of mlva data and shows that some loci may constitute hotspots for mutational events. mlva genotyping, using 17 different loci, ...201626342253
aseptic meningitis caused by coxiella burnetii.acute q fever can have multiple presentations but neurologic involvement is rare. we describe the case of a 16-year-old female with severe headache and aseptic meningitis with acute coxiella burnetii infection.201626418239
whole genome pcr scanning (wgps) of coxiella burnetii strains from ruminants.coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of q fever, a zoonosis that spreads from ruminants to humans via the inhalation of aerosols contaminated by livestock's birth products. this study aimed to compare the genomes of strains isolated from ruminants by "whole genome pcr scanning (wgps)" in order to identify genomic differences. c. burnetii isolated from different ruminant hosts were compared to the nine mile reference strain using wgps. the identified genomic regions of differences (rds) were ...201626315064
first molecular evidence of coxiella burnetii infecting ticks in cuba.coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of q fever. in order to explore the occurrence of c. burnetii in ticks, samples were collected from horses, dogs and humans living in a cuban occidental community. the species most commonly recovered were amblyomma mixtum (67%), rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (27%) and dermacentor nitens (6%). specific is1111 pcr and amplicon sequencing allowed the identification of c. burnetii dna in a. mixtum collected from a domestic horse. these findings, for first tim ...201626372520
genetic variation in tlr10 is not associated with chronic q fever, despite the inhibitory effect of tlr10 on coxiella burnetii-induced cytokines in vitro.coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, is recognized by tlr2. tlr10 can act as an inhibitory receptor on tlr2-derived immune responses. therefore, we investigated the role of tlr10 on c. burnetii-induced cytokine production and assessed whether genetic polymorphisms in tlr10 influences the development of chronic q fever. hek293 cells, transfected with tlr2, tlr10 or tlr2/tlr10, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in the presence of anti-tlr10, were stimulated with c. ...201626364993
validation study for using lab-on-chip technology for coxiella burnetii multi-locus-vntr-analysis (mlva) typing: application for studying genotypic diversity of strains from domestic ruminants in france.coxiella burnetii, the etiologic bacterium of q fever zoonosis, is still difficult to control. ruminants are often carriers and involved in human epidemics. mlva is a promising genotyping method for molecular epidemiology. different techniques are used to resolve the mlva band profiles such as electrophoresis on agarose gels, capillary electrophoresis or using the microfluidic lab-on-chip system. in this study, system based on microfluidics electrophoresis with lab-on-chip technology was assesse ...201626482502
the natural infection of birds and ticks feeding on birds with rickettsia spp. and coxiella burnetii in slovakia.ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are known as primary vectors of many pathogens causing diseases in humans and animals. ixodes ricinus is a common ectoparasite in europe and birds are often hosts of subadult stages of the tick. from 2012 to 2013, 347 birds belonging to 43 species were caught and examined for ticks in three sites of slovakia. ticks and blood samples from birds were analysed individually for the presence of rickettsia spp. and coxiella burnetii by pcr-based methods. only i. ricinus ...201626477038
evaluation of a new serological test for the detection of anti-coxiella and anti-rickettsia antibodies.coxiella burnetii and members of the genus rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria. since cultivation of these organisms requires dedicated techniques, their diagnosis usually relies on serological or molecular biology methods. immunofluorescence is considered the gold standard to detect antibody-reactivity towards these organisms. here, we assessed the performance of a new automated epifluorescence immunoassay (inodiag) to detect igm and igg against c. burnetii, rickettsia typhi and rick ...201626432518
coxiella-like endosymbiont associated to the "anatolian brown tick" rhipicephalus bursa in southern italy.several different ticks have been reported to harbor microbes related to coxiella burnetii, the agent of the q fever. rhipicephalus bursa is an important vector of tick-borne diseases in livestock in mediterranean area; it is also abundant in ovi-caprine farms with c. burnetii infection, in southern italy. 60 females of rh. bursa (15 pools) and 40 their eggs (2 pools) were screened for c. burnetii by a conventional pcr targeting the insertion sequence is1111 and by loop mediated isothermal ampli ...201626428855
coxiella burnetii endocarditis and aortic vascular graft infection: an underrecognized disease.q fever is considered endemic worldwide, and endocarditis, or aortic vascular infection, or both caused by coxiella burnetii can be a fatal disease. the importance of surgical intervention has not yet been defined. we performed a descriptive retrospective study to assess indications for surgical treatment, timing of treatment, and outcome.201626428692
roles of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), tlr4, and myd88 during pulmonary coxiella burnetii infection.coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, is an obligate intracellular, primarily pulmonary, bacterial pathogen. although much is known about adaptive immune responses against this bacterium, our understanding of innate immune responses against c. burnetii is not well defined, particularly within the target tissue for infection, the lung. previous studies examined the roles of the innate immune system receptors toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 in peripheral infection models and desc ...201626787722
detection of coxiella burnetii in acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (aufis) in iran.there are limited data on the aetiology of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (aufis) in iran. moreover, coxiella burnetii has not previously been detected in clinical samples in this country. previous studies have highlighted the importance of considering c. burnetii as a cause of aufi. in this retrospective study, in 92 cases of aufi where q fever was suspected, c. burnetii dna was detected in seven samples (7.36%). this is the first molecular confirmation of c. burnetii from clinical sa ...201626767385
q fever knowledge, attitudes and vaccination status of australia's veterinary workforce in 2014.q fever, caused by coxiella burnetii, is a serious zoonotic disease in humans with a worldwide distribution. many species of animals are capable of transmitting c. burnetii, and consequently all veterinary workers are at risk for this disease. an effective q fever vaccine has been readily available and used in australia for many years in at-risk groups, and the european centre for disease prevention and control has recently also called for the use of this vaccine among at-risk groups in europe. ...201626756210
q fever serological survey and associated risk factors in veterinarians, southern belgium, 2013.a sero-epidemiological survey was organized among veterinarians working in southern belgium to estimate the seroprevalence of q fever and the risk factors associated with exposure. a total of 108 veterinarians took part to this cross-sectional study, with a majority practicing with livestock animals. the overall seroprevalence was 45.4%, but it increased to 58.3% among veterinarians having contact with livestock. three main serological profiles were detected (relatively recent, past and potentia ...201626749554
[not available].q fever is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with the exception of new zealand. it is caused by an intracellular bacterium, coxiella burnetii. the disease often goes underdiagnosed because the main manifestation of its acute form is a general self-limiting flu-like syndrome. the dutch epidemics renewed attention to this disease, which was less considered before. this review summarizes the description of c. burnetii (taxonomy, intracellular cycle, and genome) and q fever disease (description, ...201626730641
chronic q-fever (coxiella burnetii) causing abdominal aortic aneurysm and lumbar osteomyelitis: a case report.coxiella burnetii is a rare cause of chronic infection that most frequently presents as endocarditis. we report a case of c burnetii causing an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm with contiguous lumbar osteomyelitis resulting in spinal cord compromise. the diagnosis was established by serologic studies consistent with chronic q-fever (ratio of c burnetii immunoglobulin [ig]g phase ii titer to igg phase i titer <1) and was confirmed by positive c burnetii polymerase chain reaction of vertebral ti ...201626730393
seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii in australian dogs.the role of dogs in the transmission of coxiella burnetii to humans is uncertain, and extensive seroprevalence studies of dogs have not been previously conducted in australia. this study determined c. burnetii exposure in four diverse canine subpopulations by adapting, verifying and comparing an indirect immunofluoresence assay (ifa) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to detect anti-c. burnetii antibodies in humans. canine serum samples (n = 1223) were tested with ifa from fou ...201626729351
investigation of rickettsia, coxiella burnetii and bartonella in ticks from animals in south africa.ticks are involved in the epidemiology of several human pathogens including spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia spp., coxiella burnetii and bartonella spp. human diseases caused by these microorganisms have been reported from south africa. the presence of sfg rickettsia spp., c. burnetii and bartonella spp. was investigated in 205 ticks collected from domestic and wild animals from western cape and limpopo provinces (south africa). rickettsia massiliae was detected in 10 amblyomma sylvaticum an ...201626718068
108 is the binding of coxiella burnetii to the zona pellucidae following in vitro infection of in vitro-produced goat embryos concentration dependent?previous experiments using in vitro infection have shown that at concentrations of 10(9) bacteria/ml, coxiella burnetii strongly adheres to the zona pellucidae (zp) of caprine embryos produced in vitro or in vivo (alsaleh et al., 2013). however, spontaneous infection results in bacterial concentrations of between 10(6) and 10(7) bacteria/ml (rodolakis, 2006; alsaleh et al., 2011). the aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of coxiella burnetii affected its ability to bind t ...201628278905
analysis of q fever in dutch dairy goat herds and assessment of control measures by means of a transmission model.between 2006 and 2009 the largest human q fever epidemic ever described occurred in the netherlands. the source of infection was traced back to dairy goat herds with abortion problems due to q fever. the first aim of control measures taken in these herds was the reduction of human exposure. to analyze q fever dynamics in goat herds and to study the effect of control measures, a within-herd model of coxiella burnetii transmission in dairy goat herds was developed. with this individual-based stoch ...201626708798
in sílico identification and characterization of putative dot/icm secreted virulence effectors in the fish pathogen piscirickettsia salmonis.piscirickettsia salmonis seriously affects the chilean salmon industry. the bacterium is phylogenetically related to legionella pneumophila and coxiella burnetii, sharing a dot/icm secretion system with them. although it is well documented that l. pneumophila and c. burnetii secrete different virulence effectors via this dot/icm system in order to attenuate host cell responses, to date there have been no reported virulence effectors secreted by the dot/icm system of p. salmonis. using several an ...201626706346
molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in wild and domestic carnivores and their ticks at the human-wildlife interface.urbanization of natural areas is considered one of the causes of the current apparent emergence of infectious diseases. carnivores are among the species that adapt well to urban and periurban environments, facilitating cross-species disease transmission with domestic dogs and cats, and potentially with their owners. the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (vbp) of zoonotic and veterinary interest was studied in sympatric wild and domestic carnivores into barcelona metropolitan area (ne spain). ...201626643497
diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis and clinical comparison between blood culture-negative and blood culture-positive cases.to analyze the clinical characteristics of blood culture-negative endocarditis (bcne) and how it compares to those of blood culture-positive endocarditis (bcpe) cases and show how molecular tools helped establish the etiology in bcne.201626670038
high seroprevalence of coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle in china.coxiella burnetii is the agent of q fever, a zoonosis which occurs worldwide. as there is little reliable data on the organism in china, we investigated c. burnetii infections in dairy cattle herds around the country. opportunistic whole blood samples were collected from 1140 dairy cattle in 19 herds, and antibodies to phase i and ii c. burnetii antigens were detected using commercial elisa kits. seropositive cattle (381/1140, 33 %) were detected in 13 of the 15 surveyed provinces and in 16 of t ...201626669596
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with valvular vegetations in acute q fever.coxiella burnetii endocarditis is considered to be a late complication of q fever in patients with preexisting valvular heart disease (vhd). we observed a large transient aortic vegetation in a patient with acute q fever and high levels of igg anticardiolipin antibodies (igg acl). therefore, we sought to determine how commonly acute q fever could cause valvular vegetations associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which would be a new clinical entity.201626585519
effect of a phase i coxiella burnetii inactivated vaccine on body temperature and milk yield in dairy cows.q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii. the pathogen is prevalent in ruminants (goats, sheep, cows), which are the main sources of human infection. in the cattle industry around the world, animal (15 to 20%) and herd (38 to 72%) level prevalences of c. burnetii are high. vaccination of ruminants against q fever is considered important to prevent spreading of the disease and risk of infection in humans. however, published information on side effects of the q fever vaccination u ...201626547657
coxiella burnetii endocarditis in a child caused by a new genotype.coxiella burnetii endocarditis is a rare diagnosis in children. we present a case of q fever endocarditis due to a new genotype, mst 54, and review recent literature on q fever infections in children. practitioners should consider q fever in culture-negative endocarditis, particularly in children with congenital heart disease and history of travel or residence in endemic regions.201626535879
molecular characterization by mlva of coxiella burnetii strains infecting dairy cows and goats of north-eastern italy.q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii (c. burnetii), an obligate intracellular bacterium. in ruminants, shedding into the environment mainly occurs during parturition or abortion, but the bacterium is shed also in milk, vaginal mucus, stools and urine. in italy few surveys have been conducted and reported seroprevalence values ranged between 10% and 60%, even if few human cases have been described. genotyping of bacteria is crucial for enhancing diagnostic methods a ...201626526416
coxiella-like endosymbiont in argasid ticks (ornithodoros muesebecki) from a socotra cormorant colony in umm al quwain, united arab emirates.coxiella burnetii is a pathogen causing q fever in domestic animals and humans. seabirds have been implicated as possible reservoirs of this bacterium in the arabian gulf and in the western indian ocean. recently, coxiella species closely related to c. burnetii was detected from ticks collected from oil rigs used as roosting areas by socotra cormorants (phalacrocorax nigrogularis) in the western arabian gulf. we collected ticks from the largest breeding colony of socotra cormorants in the united ...201626515059
persistence of impaired health status of q fever patients 4 years after the first dutch outbreak.a significant proportion of q fever patients from the first dutch q fever outbreak in 2007 showed impairment in health status up to 1 year after infection. interested in whether this decrease in health status persisted, we set out to determine the health status in the same cohort of patients, 4 years after primary infection and to compare health status scores at the individual patient level between 1 and 4 years follow-up. health status was assessed with the nijmegen clinical screening instrumen ...201626508155
one health approach to controlling a q fever outbreak on an australian goat farm.a recent outbreak of q fever was linked to an intensive goat and sheep dairy farm in victoria, australia, 2012-2014. seventeen employees and one family member were confirmed with q fever over a 28-month period, including two culture-positive cases. the outbreak investigation and management involved a one health approach with representation from human, animal, environmental and public health. seroprevalence in non-pregnant milking goats was 15% [95% confidence interval (ci) 7-27]; active infectio ...201626493615
the health status of a village population, 7 years after a major q fever outbreak.from 2007 to 2010, the netherlands experienced a major q fever outbreak with more than 4000 notifications. previous studies suggested that q fever patients could suffer long-term post-infection health impairments, especially fatigue. our objective was to assess the coxiella burnetii antibody prevalence and health status including fatigue, and assess their interrelationship in herpen, a high-incidence village, 7 years after the outbreak began. in 2014, we invited all 2161 adult inhabitants for a ...201626560803
q fever and pregnancy: experience from the limoges regional university hospital.q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by coxiella burnetii. its tropism for the uterus is a potential source of obstetric complications.201626559421
vertebral fractures and abdominal aortic aneurysm revealing q fever. 201626471413
b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma linked to coxiella burnetii.bacteria can induce human lymphomas, whereas lymphoproliferative disorders have been described in patients with q fever. we observed a lymphoma in a patient with q fever that prompted us to investigate the association between the 2 diseases. we screened 1468 consecutive patients of the 2004 to 2014 french national referral center for q fever database. the standardized incidence ratios (sirs) of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) and follicular lymphoma (fl) were calculated comparatively to th ...201626463422
a cross sectional study evaluating the prevalence of coxiella burnetii, potential risk factors for infection, and agreement between diagnostic methods in goats in indiana.coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease q fever and is considered to be endemic in domestic ruminants. small ruminants in particular are important reservoirs for human infection. serologic and molecular methods are both available for diagnosis of infection with c. burnetii, but there has been little research evaluating the prevalence of this organism in small ruminants outside of the context of clinical disease outbreaks. the objectives of this study were to estimate ser ...201626897246
first molecular evidence of coxiella burnetii in patients with atypical pneumonia, india. 201626860433
the contribution of genomics to the study of q fever.coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of q fever, a worldwide zoonosis that can result in large outbreaks. the birth of genomics and sequencing of c. burnetii strains has revolutionized many fields of study of this infection. accurate genotyping methods and comparative genomic analysis have enabled description of the diversity of strains around the world and their link with pathogenicity. genomics has also permitted the development of qpcr tools and axenic culture medium, facilitating the d ...201626854360
modulation of the host transcriptome by coxiella burnetii nuclear effector cbu1314.coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that directs the formation of a parasitophorous vacuole derived from the host lysosomal network. biogenesis and maintenance of this replicative compartment is dependent on bacterial protein synthesis and results in differential expression of specific host genes. however, the mechanisms by which the pathogen induces changes in the host transcriptome is poorly understood. in the current study we identified a dot/icm secreted eff ...201626827929
altered interferon-γ response in patients with q-fever fatigue syndrome.whether immunological mechanisms underlie q-fever fatigue syndrome (qfs) remains unclear. for acute q-fever, the antigen-specific interferon-γ (ifnγ) response may be a useful tool for diagnosis, and the ifnγ/interleukin(il)-2 production ratio may be a marker for chronic q-fever and treatment monitoring. here we explored the specific ifnγ production and ifnγ/il-2 ratio in qfs patients.201626820634
an unusual cation-binding site and distinct domain-domain interactions distinguish class ii enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases.enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of a number of aromatic metabolites. an essential prokaryotic enzyme and the molecular target of the herbicide glyphosate, epspss are the subject of both pharmaceutical and commercial interest. two epsps classes that exhibit low sequence homology, differing substrate/glyphosate affinities, and distinct cation activation properties have previously been described. here, we report structural studies of t ...201626813771
coxiella burnetii infection in a community operating a large-scale cow and goat dairy, missouri, 2013.coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes q fever in humans and is transmitted primarily from infected goats, sheep, or cows. q fever typically presents as an acute febrile illness; however, individuals with certain predisposing conditions, including cardiac valvulopathy, are at risk for chronic q fever, a serious manifestation that may present as endocarditis. in response to a cluster of q fever cases detected by public health surveillance, we evaluated c. burnetii infection in a com ...201626811433
the type iv secretion system effector protein cira stimulates the gtpase activity of rhoa and is required for virulence in a mouse model of coxiella burnetii infection.coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of q fever in humans, is an intracellular pathogen that replicates in an acidified parasitophorous vacuole derived from host lysosomes. generation of this replicative compartment requires effectors delivered into the host cell by the dot/icm type ivb secretion system. several effectors crucial for c. burnetii intracellular replication have been identified, but the host pathways coopted by these essential effectors are poorly defined, and very little is kn ...201627324482
prevalence of rickettsia species in dermacentor variabilis ticks from ontario, canada.relatively little is known about the prevalence of rickettsial species in dermacentor ticks in eastern canada. in this study, dermacentor ticks from the province of ontario, canada, were tested for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsial (sfgr) species, coxiella burnetii and francisella tularensis. rickettsia rickettsii was not detected in any ticks tested, but r. montanensis was detected at a prevalence of 2.2% in d. variabilis (17/778). two other sfgr species, r. parkeri and candidatus ...201627318438
genotyping and axenic growth of coxiella burnetii isolates found in the united states environment.coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease q fever. common reservoirs of c. burnetii include sheep, goats, and cattle. these animals shed c. burnetii into the environment, and humans are infected by inhalation of aerosols. a survey of 1622 environmental samples taken across the united states in 2006-2008 found that 23.8% of the samples contained c. burnetii dna. to identify the strains circulating in the u.s. environment, dna from these env ...201627304166
murine alveolar macrophages are highly susceptible to replication of coxiella burnetii phase ii in vitro.coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative bacterium that causes q fever in humans. q fever is an atypical pneumonia transmitted through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. in mammalian lungs, c. burnetii infects and replicates in several cell types, including alveolar macrophages (ams). the innate immunity and signaling pathways operating during infection are still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of relevant host cell models for infection in vitro in the study described here, we inves ...201627297388
chronic recurrent multifocal q fever osteomyelitis in children: an emerging clinical challenge.clinical disease caused by coxiella burnetii occurs infrequently in children. chronic q fever is particularly uncommon and endocarditis is rarely seen. a small number of cases of q fever osteomyelitis have been described but the pathophysiology is not well understood and optimal treatment is unknown.201627294309
novel genotypes of coxiella burnetii identified in isolates from australian q fever patients.coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, was first discovered in australia in 1937. however, little is known about the strains of c. burnetii present in this country. in this study, six published genotyping methods were applied to 42 isolates from australian patients with acute (n=39) and chronic (n=3) q fever. all the isolates contained the plasmid qprs and lacked the acute disease antigen a (adaa) gene. two methods of genotyping based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) also fa ...201627283085
febrile patients admitted to remote hospitals in northeastern kenya: seroprevalence, risk factors and a clinical prediction tool for q-fever.q fever in kenya is poorly reported and its surveillance is highly neglected. standard empiric treatment for febrile patients admitted to hospitals is antimalarials or penicillin-based antibiotics, which have no activity against coxiella burnetii. this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and the predisposing risk factors for q fever infection in febrile patients from a pastoralist population, and derive a model for clinical prediction of febrile patients with acute q fever.201627260261
the first serological study of coxiella burnetii among pregnant women in iran.q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii. there is no information about this disease in pregnant women in iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of c. burnetii infection among pregnant women in southwestern (ahvaz) and northern (parsabad) iran and further to comparison its prevalence in normal and abnormal pregnancies.201627252922
correction for sandoz et al., complementation of arginine auxotrophy for genetic transformation of coxiella burnetii by use of a defined axenic medium. 201627247311
sternoclavicular joint infection caused by coxiella burnetii: a case report.few cases of q fever osteoarticular infection have been reported, with chronic osteomyelitis as the most common manifestation of q fever osteoarticular infection. here we present the case of a sternoclavicular joint infection caused by coxiella burnetii and localized by positron emission tomography scanning.201627246557
detection and genotyping of coxiella burnetii and coxiella-like bacteria in horses in south korea.coxiella burnetii and coxiella-like bacteria (clb) are genetically and ecologically distinct despite some genetic similarities. furthermore, clb are exceptionally diverse and widespread in ticks, but rarely detected in domestic animals. since coxiella bacteria can be transmitted from infected horses by inhalation or by coming in contact with ticks during activities such as horseback riding, it is necessary to study their prevalence. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale nat ...201627244230
seroprevalence of q fever (coxiellosis) in small ruminants of two districts in punjab, pakistan.coxiellosis caused by coxiella burnetii is a cosmopolitan zoonosis, which causes significant losses through abortions and stillbirths in small ruminants. a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in two major sheep and goat farming districts of punjab (layyah and muzaffargarh), pakistan. in total, 542 small ruminants (271 sheep and goats each) of both sexes (60 males and 482 females) of different age groups from 104 flocks (52 flocks of either species) were randomly selected for the c ...201627172109
psoas abscess and chronic q fever: a contiguous or hematogenous complication? a case report and literature review.few cases of psoas abscesses (pa) during chronic q fever have been reported, and the route of transmission remains unknown. here, we report a new case and have performed a systematic literature review to determinate the spreading route of this complication. medline, embase and web of science were searched. local spreading was supported by endocarditis exclusion, evidence of vascular infection and absence of distantly infected sites. among 275 retrieved references, 179 were initially rejected, an ...201627167531
the development of lyophilized loop-mediated isothermal amplification reagents for the detection of coxiella burnetii.coxiella burnetii, the agent causing q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. pcr based diagnostic assays have been developed for detecting c. burnetii dna in cell cultures and clinical samples. pcr requires specialized equipment and extensive end user training, and therefore, it is not suitable for routine work especially in a resource-constrained area. we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay to detect the presence of c. burnetii in patient samples. this ...201627167168
mouse model of coxiella burnetii aerosolization.coxiella burnetii is mainly transmitted by aerosols and is responsible for multiple-organ lesions. animal models have shown c. burnetii pathogenicity, but long-term outcomes still need to be clarified. we used a whole-body aerosol inhalation exposure system to mimic the natural route of infection in immunocompetent (balb/c) and severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. after an initial lung inoculum of 10(4) c. burnetii cells/lung, the outcome, serological response, hematological disorders, a ...201627160294
secondary aortoesophageal fistula associated with aneurysmal graft infection by coxiella burnetii.aortoesophageal fistula is a rare and serious condition that carries a high mortality rate. we present a case of overt gastrointestinal bleeding from an aortoesophageal fistula in a patient with chronic infection of an endovascular prosthesis with coxiella burnetii.201627144194
endemic q fever in new south wales, australia: a case series (2005-2013).q fever is endemic in australia, and during the period 2005-2013 our laboratory diagnosed 379 cases in new south wales. to evaluate clinical symptoms, epidemiology, mode of diagnosis, antibody profiles, and treatment, a subset of 160 (42%) q fever cases were analyzed in detail following the return of a questionnaire by the patient's doctor and from their laboratory reports. overall, 82% patients were male and predominantly middle aged. the majority of patients (89%) had animal contact among whic ...201627139451
bayesian validation of the indirect immunofluorescence assay and its superiority to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the complement fixation test for detecting antibodies against coxiella burnetii in goat serum.although many studies have reported the indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to be more sensitive in detection of antibodies to coxiella burnetii than the complement fixation test (cft), the diagnostic sensitivity (dse) and diagnostic specificity (dsp) of the assay have not been previously established for use in ruminants. this study aimed to validate the ifa by describing the optimization, selection of cutoff titers, repeatability, and reliability as well as the dse and dsp of the assay. bay ...201627122484
q fever: a contemporary case series from a belgian hospital.q fever is a global zoonosis that can cause both acute and chronic infections in humans through aerogenic transmission. although q fever was discovered already 80 years ago, this infectious disease remains largely unknown. we studied a case series in a belgian tertiary care hospital.201627118360
co-circulation of plasmodium and bacterial dnas in blood of febrile and afebrile children from urban and rural areas in gabon.malaria is considered to be the most common etiology of fever in sub-saharan africa while bacteremias exist but are under assessed. this study aimed to assess bacteremias and malaria in children from urban and rural areas in gabon. dna extracts from blood samples of 410 febrile and 60 afebrile children were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most frequently detected in febrile (78.8%, 323/410) and afebrile (13.3%, 8/60) children, (p < 0.0 ...201627114297
first complete genome sequence of the dutch veterinary coxiella burnetii strain nl3262, originating from the largest global q fever outbreak, and draft genome sequence of its epidemiologically linked chronic human isolate nlhu3345937.the largest global q fever outbreak occurred in the netherlands during 2007 to 2010. goats and sheep were identified as the major sources of disease. here, we report the first complete genome sequence of italic! coxiella burnetiigoat outbreak strain nl3262 and that of an epidemiologically linked chronic human strain, both having the outbreak-related italic! cbnl01multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) genotype.201627103714
q fever, scrub typhus, and rickettsial diseases in children, kenya, 2011-2012.to increase knowledge of undifferentiated fevers in kenya, we tested paired serum samples from febrile children in western kenya for antibodies against pathogens increasingly recognized to cause febrile illness in africa. of patients assessed, 8.9%, 22.4%, 1.1%, and 3.6% had enhanced seroreactivity to coxiella burnetii, spotted fever group rickettsiae, typhus group rickettsiae, and scrub typhus group orientiae, respectively.201627088502
surgical and antimicrobial management of a thoracic aortic aneurysm due to q fever: a case report and brief review.coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of q fever, has been associated with vascular infection and aneurysm formation. we report the case of a 36-year-old woman from iraq who presented with long-standing malaise as well as vague chest and shoulder discomfort and was found to have a saccular aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. serology assays were positive for chronic c burnetii infection. she was treated with successful aneurysm resection and aortic replacement with a rifampin-impregnated ...201627075992
waning population immunity prior to a large q fever epidemic in the south of the netherlands.historical survey data suggest that the seroprevalence of antibodies against coxiella burnetii in the general population of the netherlands decreased from more than 40% in 1983 to 2·4% in 2007, just before the start of the large 2007-2010 q fever epidemic. to assess whether the sharp decline in seroprevalence was real, we performed a cross-sectional study using historical samples. we tested samples using a contemporary commercial indirect immunofluorescence assay. in plasma samples from the sout ...201627075042
spread of coxiella burnetii between dairy cattle herds in an enzootic region: modelling contributions of airborne transmission and trade.q fever, a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii, is a looming concern for livestock and public health. epidemiological features of inter-herd transmission of c. burnetii in cattle herds by wind and trade of cows are poorly understood. we present a novel dynamic spatial model describing the inter-herd regional spread of c. burnetii in dairy cattle herds, quantifying the ability of airborne transmission and animal trade in c. burnetii propagation in an enzootic region. among all ...201627048416
[usefulness of the early molecular diagnosis of q fever and rickettsial diseases in patients with fever of intermediate duration].most cases of fever of intermediate duration (fdi) in spain are associated with infectious diseases (mainly q fever and rickettsia infections). in clinical practice, the causal diagnosis of these entities is based on immunodiagnostic techniques, which are of little help in the early stages. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of molecular techniques for the early diagnosis of q fever and rickettsia diseases in patients with fdi. a pcr method was used to detect the pre ...201627026285
coxiella burnetii infects primary bovine macrophages and limits their host cell response.although domestic ruminants have long been recognized as the main source of human q fever, little is known about the lifestyle that the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium coxiella burnetii adopts in its animal host. because macrophages are considered natural target cells of the pathogen, we established primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) as an in vitro infection model to study reservoir host-pathogen interactions at the cellular level. in addition, bovine alveolar macro ...201627021246
disappearance of fdg uptake on pet scan after antimicrobial therapy could help for the diagnosis of coxiella burnetii spondylodiscitis. 201627015880
treatment and prophylactic strategy for coxiella burnetii infection of aneurysms and vascular grafts: a retrospective cohort study.coxiella burnetii vascular infections continue to be very severe diseases and no guidelines exist about their prevention. in terms of treatment, the benefit of the surgical removal of infected tissues has been suggested by 1 retrospective study.we present a case of a c burnetii abdominal aortic graft infection for which we observed a dramatic clinical and biological recovery after surgery. we thus performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of surgery on survival and serologica ...201627015164
lyophilization to improve the sensitivity of qpcr for bacterial dna detection in serum: the q fever paradigm.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) on serum provides significant added value to the diagnosis of q fever, mainly at the acute stage of the disease in seronegative patients and in patients with endocarditis. we evaluated the benefits of coxiella burnetii dna concentration in serum by lyophilization to improve qpcr sensitivity. the detection limit of qpcr was determined by comparing six 10-fold dilutions of serum (calibrated with 104 bacteria ml-1) with and without lyophilization. we also tested, a ...201627008653
serological and molecular evidence of coxiella burnetii in samples from humans and animals in china.coxiella burnetii is the agent of q fever, a worldwide zoonosis. to add to the available knowledge of the disease in china, c. burnetti infections were investigated in convenience samples from five animal species and humans from yangzhou, jiangsu province, eastern china.201627007523
analysis of seroprevalence against coxiella burnetii in a sample of farm workers in western sicily.little is known about the development of chronic q fever caused by coxiella burnetii in occupational risk groups and in the general population in italy, as well as in many countries in the world. the aim of this study was to highlight the presence of the infection in a sample of workers operating outdoors (but not directly in contact with animals), in three provinces of western sicily, in order to detect the human seroprevalence and compare the obtained data with those found in animals raised in ...201627007520
detection of coxiella burnetii in ambient air after a large q fever outbreak.one of the largest q fever outbreaks ever occurred in the netherlands from 2007-2010, with 25 fatalities among 4,026 notified cases. airborne dispersion of coxiella burnetii was suspected but not studied extensively at the time. we investigated temporal and spatial variation of coxiella burnetii in ambient air at residential locations in the most affected area in the netherlands (the south-east), in the year immediately following the outbreak. one-week average ambient particulate matter < 10 μm ...201626991094
risungbinella massiliensis sp. nov., a new member of thermoactinomycetaceae isolated from human gut.a novel filamentous bacterium, designated gd1(t), was isolated from the gut microbiota of a 38-year-old male who suffered from a coxiella burnetii vascular for which he received multiple a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail at the time of the stool collection. the strain was isolated as a part of culturomics study by cultivation on 5 % sheep blood agar in aerobic condition at 28 °c, after 14 days of incubation. strain gd1(t) shows 16s rrna gene sequence similarities of 98.01 % to the type strain ...201626984352
modifications in the glycerophospholipid composition between the coxiella burnetii phase i and phase ii cells suggest an association with phase variation of the bacterium.glycerophospholipids (gp) extracted from the coxiella burnetii strain nine mile in virulent phase i (nm i) and low virulent phase ii (nm ii) were analyzed by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ft-icr) mass spectrometry (ms) that gave a superior mass resolution and mass accuracy allowing unambiguous peak recognition and precise assignment of ions. we showed that gp present in the pathogen's outer membrane underwent considerable modifications during the phase variation that might be relate ...201626982464
treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm infected by coxiella burnetii using a cryopreserved allograft.q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an intracellular bacillus named coxiella burnetii (cb) and is a rare cause of vascular infections. we report a case of abdominal aortic aneurysm infected by cb with bilateral paravertebral abscesses and contiguous spondylodiscitis treated by open repair using a cryopreserved allograft and long-term antibiotic therapy by oral doxycycline and oral hydroxychloroquine for a duration of 18 months. twenty months after the operation, the patient had no infectio ...201626968369
embolization of a large rapidly growing aortic pseudo-aneurysm not amenable to open or endovascular repair.to report the case of a rapidly growing aortic false aneurysm because of q fever infection that was managed by embolization.201626968368
coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and risk factors in cattle farmers and farm residents in three northeastern provinces and inner mongolia autonomous region, china.little is known about coxiella burnetii infection among cattle farmers and farm residents in china. thus, the present study was conducted to detect the seroprevalence of c. burnetii infection and estimate associated risk factors among cattle farmers and farm residents in china. a cross-sectional study was designed, and sera of 362 people living or working on 106 cattle farms were tested for c. burnetii igg and igm antibodies by immunofluorescence assay. overall c. burnetii seroprevalence was 35. ...201626966688
molecular identification of q fever in patients with a suspected diagnosis of dengue in brazil in 2013-2014.q fever is an important cause of undifferentiated fever that is rarely recognized or reported in brazil. the objective of this study was to look for the presence of coxiella burnetii during a dengue fever outbreak in the municipality of itaboraí, rio de janeiro, brazil, where this bacterium had previously infected humans and domesticated animals. blood samples from clinically suspected dengue fever patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for c. burnetii; the dna was detected in n ...201626928831
[q fever : a rare differential diagnosis of granulomatous disease].q fever is a worldwide distributed zoonotic disease with a mostly benign course, which regularly reoccurs in germany. this report is about a patient with sporadic serologically proven q fever, which also showed typical histopathological findings with nonspecific granulomatous hepatitis, usually seen in acute disease. the bone marrow biopsy revealed so-called doughnut granulomas, which are not pathognomonic but a typical finding in q fever. this case report impressively underlines that the histom ...201626919849
rapid molecular diagnosis of infective aortic valve endocarditis caused by coxiella burnetii.we describe a case of q-fever endocarditis with severe destruction of the aortic valve with perivalvular abscess formation and cardiac failure. the patient needed urgent operative treatment and postoperative critical care. all specimens sent for microbiological examination were negative. molecular analysis, including fluorescence in situ hybridization of aortic valve tissue combined with pcr and sequencing, led to the correct diagnosis and to appropriate anti-infective treatment. the patient sub ...201627339147
genotypes of coxiella burnetii in wildlife: disentangling the molecular epidemiology of a multi-host pathogen.evidences point to a relevant role of wildlife in the ecology of coxiella burnetii worldwide. the lack of information on c. burnetii genotypes in wildlife prevents tracing-back clinical animal and human q fever cases with potential wildlife origin. to compare c. burnetii genotypes circulating in wildlife, livestock and humans, 107 samples from red deer, european wild rabbit, racoon, small mammals, goat and sheep were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization. gen ...201627336914
detection and risk factors of coxiella burnetii infection in dairy cattle based on bulk tank milk samples in center of iran.infection with coxiella burnetii has a worldwide distribution in ruminants and is associated with abortions and reproductive problems in this group of animals. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of c. burnetii dna in bulk tank milk (btm) of dairy cattle herds and to identify the risk factors of infection. this cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2015. a total of 163 btm samples from 74 commercial and 89 traditional dairy cattle herds in isfahan, iran was tested for the is1111 ...201627836035
evaluation of qpcr and phase i and ii antibodies for detection of coxiella burnetii infection in cattle.diagnosis of q fever in cattle is not easy due to the need to test the samples by both serological and molecular methods. aim of this study was to evaluate qpcr, and phase i and ii antibodies for detection of c. burnetii infection in cattle. a total of 187 bovine blood and vaginal swabs, and 97 milk samples, were tested. limitations of serological tests were that the available indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) could lose positive results if antibody titres were low; or phase ii ...201627663372
q fever risk in patients treated with chronic antitumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy.q fever is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by coxiella burnetii. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) plays a pivotal role in the defense against infection with this gram-negative coccobacillus. theoretically, patients who are treated with anti-tnf-α medications are at risk for developing chronic q fever. we present two patients who developed q fever while being treated with anti-tnf-α agents and discuss the significance of timely diagnosis of c. burnetii infection in these patients.201627656302
molecular investigation of coxiella burnetii infections in aborted sheep in eastern turkey.q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of c. burnetii infection in aborted sheep in eastern turkey using pcr. a total of 200 fetuses were collected from aborted sheep belonging to 200 herds in different locations in the eastern part of turkey. foetal organ samples such as liver, spleen, lung and stomach were taken and the dna was purified from two hundred po ...201627656228
new rickettsia species in soft ticks ornithodoros hasei collected from bats in french guiana.in french guiana, located on the northeastern coast of south america, bats of different species are very numerous. the infection of bats and their ticks with zoonotic bacteria, especially rickettsia species, is so far unknown. in order to improve knowledge of these zoonotic pathogens in this french overseas department, the presence and diversity of tick-borne bacteria was investigated with molecular tools in bat ticks. in the beginning of 2013, 32 bats were caught in saint-jean-du-maroni, an are ...201627639932
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