Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a novel ehrlichia genotype detected in naturally infected cattle in north america. | during a research investigation to determine if cattle from british columbia (bc), canada were infected with anaplasma marginale or other related rickettsial blood parasites, a novel ehrlichia genotype was revealed. blood from seven bc source cattle was bioassayed by intravenous inoculation into naïve splenectomised calves. additional splenectomised calves were used as uninoculated negative control or a. marginale-inoculated positive control. newly designed sets of primers specific for the msp5 ... | 2010 | 20663613 |
| type iv secretion in the obligatory intracellular bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils, the primary host defence cells. consequent effects of infection on host cells result in a potentially fatal systemic disease called human granulocytic anaplasmosis. despite ongoing reductive genome evolution and deletion of most genes for intermediary metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis, anaplasma has also experienced expansion of genes encoding several components of the type iv secretion (t4s) appara ... | 2010 | 20670295 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| molecular survey and genetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in metropolitan recife (north-eastern brazil). | to identify dna of the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs from recife (brazil), polymerase chain reactions were carried out on blood samples of dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of the universidade federal rural de pernambuco from march 2007 to june 2008. the detection of dna was performed using specific primers. amplicons were analyzed through electrophoresis and sequencing. a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the upgma method, revealing that the sequences were closely related to tho ... | 2010 | 20680344 |
| first case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis from slovakia. | in order to evaluate the potential risks of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in slovakia, blood and serum samples of hunters and foresters from the northern parth of slovakia were tested. we present the first case of hga from slovakia confirmed by nested pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene fragment of a. phagocytophilum. | 2010 | 20684497 |
| detection and prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia helvetica in ixodes ricinus ticks in seven study areas in sweden. | abstract: | 2010 | 20684755 |
| detecting and differentiating theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by pcr based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). | theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis are closely related members of benign theileria species found in cattle and yaks in china. they are morphologically indistinguishable. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting major piroplasm surface protein of t. sergenti and t. sinensis was developed in this study. the newly developed oligonucleotide primer set was able to specifically amplify the dna of t. sinensis and in conjunction with primers for t. sergenti and these two species could be detec ... | 2010 | 20685208 |
| seasonal prevalence of serum antibodies to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | whole-blood samples were obtained from 214 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) representing 44 sites in connecticut (usa) during 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2000 through 2006. sera were analyzed for total antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum, the respective causative agents of lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. deer sera contained antibodies to both bacteria during different seasons and thro ... | 2010 | 20688684 |
| experimental infection in lambs with a red deer (cervus elaphus) isolate of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum transmitted by ixodes spp. ticks is the causative agent of tick-borne fever (tbf) in domestic ruminants. tbf is widespread along the coast of southern norway and may cause a severe problem for the sheep industry. red deer (cervus elaphus) are important hosts for ticks and have been found to be infected naturally with a. phagocytophilum. however, it is unclear whether red deer could serve as reservoir hosts for a. phagocytophilum infections in sheep. we infected lambs ex ... | 2010 | 20688686 |
| the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) is susceptible to infection by anaplasma phagocytophilum originating from woodrats, horses, and dogs. | the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) is the putative reservoir for anaplasma phagocytophilum in the western united states based on high prevalence of a. phagocytophilum genetic material detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), high antibody prevalence, and infestation with the vector tick ixodes pacificus. following inoculation of nine wild-caught woodrats with woodrat-, canine-, or equine-origin a. phagocytophilum, all became pcr-positive and seroconverted. however, when pcr-positive ... | 2010 | 20688687 |
| effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests to assess pathogens of fishers (martes pennanti) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus). | wildlife managers often need to assess the current health status of wildlife communities before implementation of management actions involving surveillance, reintroductions, or translocations. we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available domestic canine rapid diagnostic antigen test for canine parvovirus and a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies toward anaplasma phagocytophilum on populations of fishers (martes pennanti) and sympatr ... | 2010 | 20688707 |
| pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (l.). | ticks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. the characterization of the tick-pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. therefore, discovery of tick immune ... | 2010 | 20698900 |
| application of highly sensitive saturation labeling to the analysis of differential protein expression in infected ticks from limited samples. | abstract: | 2010 | 20704695 |
| differential expression of genes in salivary glands of male rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in response to infection with anaplasma marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is vectored by rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which results in infection of salivary glands from where the pathogen is transmitted to cattle. in previous studies, we reported modification of gene expression in dermacentor variabilis and cultured ixodes scapu ... | 2010 | 20298599 |
| first described case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a patient in eastern austria. | a 64-year-old otherwise healthy patient presented with high fever, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and an erythema on the belly. the patient remembered a tick bite four weeks ago when walking with his dog before the specific symptoms started. a meningococcal disease or hematological illness was excluded. the serological results for tick-borne diseases showed a high igg antibody titer for anaplasma phagocytophila. all symptoms and laboratory parameters normalized after one week of hospit ... | 2010 | 20300926 |
| association of pathogen strain-specific gene transcription and transmission efficiency phenotype of anaplasma marginale. | efficient transmission of pathogens by an arthropod vector is influenced by the ability of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host. while the basic life cycle of development within and transmission from the arthropod vector are known for many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, the determinants of transmission efficiency are largely unknown and represent a significant gap in our knowledge. the st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale is a high-transmission-e ... | 2010 | 20308303 |
| fucosylation enhances colonization of ticks by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | fucosylated structures participate in a wide range of pathological processes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. the impact of fucose on microbial pathogenesis, however, has been less appreciated in arthropods of medical relevance. thus, we used the tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum- the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis to understand these processes. here we show that a. phagocytophilum uses alpha1,3-fucose to colonize ticks. we demonstrate that a. phagocytophilum modulates the e ... | 2010 | 20331643 |
| the anaplasma phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole selectively recruits rab-gtpases that are predominantly associated with recycling endosomes. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils to reside within a host cell-derived vacuole. the a. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (apv) fails to mature along the endocytic pathway and is non-fusogenic with lysosomes. rab gtpases regulate membrane traffic. to better understand how the bacterium modulates the apv's selective fusogencity, we examined the intracellular localization of 20 green fluorescent protein (gfp) or red fluorescent protein (rfp)-ta ... | 2010 | 20345488 |
| the efficacy of three chlortetracycline regimens in the treatment of persistent anaplasma marginale infection. | chemosterilization is reported in cattle fed chlortetracycline hydrochloride (ctc) at dosages ranging from 1.1mg/kg for 120 days to 11 mg/kg for 30-60 days. the relationship between plasma ctc drug concentration and carrier clearance has not been described. chronic carrier status was established in 21 steers with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale and confirmed by celisa and an a. marginale-specific rt-pcr. four negative, splenectomized steers served as active disease transmission sentine ... | 2010 | 20346598 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells. | anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. cause several emerging human infectious diseases. anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis are transmitted between mammals by blood-sucking ticks and replicate inside mammalian white blood cells and tick salivary-gland and midgut cells. adaptation to a life in eukaryotic cells and transmission between hosts has been assisted by the deletion of many genes that are present in the genomes of free-living bacteria (including genes required for the biosynth ... | 2010 | 20372158 |
| canine babesiosis in northern portugal and molecular characterization of vector-borne co-infections. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377861 |
| comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in korea. | abstract: a serological survey for dirofilaria immitis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, and borrelia burgdorferi infections in rural hunting and urban shelter dogs mainly from southwestern regions of the republic of korea (south korea) was conducted. from a total of 229 wild boar or pheasant hunting dogs, the number of serologically positive dogs for any of the four pathogens was 93 (40.6%). the highest prevalence observed was d. immitis (22.3%), followed by a. phagocytophilum (18.8% ... | 2010 | 20377869 |
| experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377870 |
| imported and travelling dogs as carriers of canine vector-borne pathogens in germany. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377872 |
| neutrophils exposed to a. phagocytophilum under shear stress fail to fully activate, polarize, and transmigrate across inflamed endothelium. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has evolved mechanisms to hijack polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) receptors and signaling pathways to bind, infect, and multiply within the host cell. e-selectin is upregulated during inflammation and is a requisite endothelial receptor that supports pmn capture, rolling, and activation of integrin-mediated arrest. ligands expressed by pmn that mediate binding to endothelium via e-selectin include sialyl lewis x (sle(x))-exp ... | 2010 | 20392928 |
| variant -and individual dependent nature of persistent anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever in ruminants and human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (hga). the bacterium is able to survive for several months in immune-competent sheep by modifying important cellular and humoral defence mechanisms. little is known about how different strains of a. phagocytophilum propagate in their natural hosts during persistent infection. | 2010 | 20398321 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum and a. ovis infection in a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. | anaplasma species are transmitted by ticks and cause diseases in humans and animals. these pathogens infect sheep, an economically important domestic animal worldwide. the current study was designed to characterize in 200 animals the infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma ovis and the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains collected from a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. sheep had 98% seroprevalence to anaplasma spp. antibodies. pcr results confirmed the ... | 2010 | 20405320 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum from rodents and sheep, china. | to characterize the strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild and domestic animals in china, we isolated the organism from rodents and sheep in northeastern china. we isolated 3 strains (2 from rodents and 1 from sick sheep) through propagation in balb/c mice and then cell culture in hl60 cells. the 3 isolates were identified by wright-giemsa staining, immunofluorescence, and electronic microscopy and were characterized by sequence analyses of the 16s rrna gene, partial citrate synthase gene, ... | 2010 | 20409364 |
| serological study of selected vector-borne diseases in shelter dogs in central spain using point-of-care assays. | we evaluated the prevalence of selected vector-borne diseases in 131 dogs in an animal shelter in central spain using point-of-care assays (snap 4dx and snap leishmania; idexx laboratories, westbrook, me). the snap 4dx detects dirofilaria immitis (di) antigen and antibodies against ehrlichia canis (ec), borrelia burgdorferi (bb), and anaplasma phagocytophylum (aph); the snap leishmania kit detects antibodies against leishmania infantum (li). dogs were classified as healthy or sick based on physi ... | 2010 | 20420531 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) and its ticks. | the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) is a common wild mammal in central europe that shares habitats with humans in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. thus, this species may play a role in human contact with zoonotic diseases. here we report the presence of the pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum in hedgehogs and their ticks in germany. | 2010 | 20426690 |
| estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in mbeere district, kenya. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne disease (tbd) parasites (theileria parva, theileria mutans, anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina) was conducted on traditional smallholder mixed farms in mbeere district in kenya. the objective was to estimate the infections' seroprevalence and variation and identify associated risk factors. a total of 440 cattle in 80 farms, selected by stratified random sampling from the four divisions in the district, were surveye ... | 2010 | 20434227 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated during colonization of the tick vector. | the transition between infection of the mammalian host and colonization of an arthropod vector is required for the ongoing transmission of a broad array of pathogens, from viruses to protozoa. understanding how this transition is mediated provides opportunities to disrupt transmission through either chemotherapy or immunization. we used an unbiased proteomic screen to identify anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated in the tick compared to the mammalian host. comparative mass spect ... | 2010 | 20439479 |
| tickborne powassan virus infections among wisconsin residents. | powassan virus (powv) is a tickborne flavivirus that causes a rare but potentially life-threatening illness. the first reported case of powv infection in a wisconsin resident occurred in 2003. enhanced surveillance and testing detected 2 additional cases. | 2010 | 20443328 |
| ecological factors characterizing the prevalence of bacterial tick-borne pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks in pastures and woodlands. | ecological changes are recognized as an important driver behind the emergence of infectious diseases. the prevalence of infection in ticks depends upon ecological factors that are rarely taken into account simultaneously. our objective was to investigate the influences of forest fragmentation, vegetation, adult tick hosts, and habitat on the infection prevalence of three tick-borne bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia sp. of the spotted fever group ... | 2010 | 20453131 |
| potential infectivity of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in ixodes ricinus ticks from serbia. | anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from different geographical regions are characterised by diverse potential infectivity for humans and domesticated animals. we investigated the potential pathogenicity of a. phagocytophilum strains in ixodes ricinus ticks from 11 geographically different localities in serbia. sequences obtained in this study showed a high variability of p44 paralogues. some of them, however, formed groups with similarities greater than 86% ('similarity groups'). previous studies ... | 2010 | 20460222 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in bovine peripheral blood samples by duplex real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. | insufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity coupled with the potential for cross-reactivity among closely related anaplasma species has made the accurate determination of infection status problematic. a method for the development of simplex and duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) assays for the detection of a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna in plasma-free bovine peripheral blood samples is described. the duplex assay was able to detect as few as 1 ... | 2010 | 20463162 |
| a comparison of six primer sets for detection of trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction in rodents and thai livestock. | to face the worldwide threat of surra caused by trypanosoma evansi, international organizations have stressed the need to evaluate and standardize diagnostic tools. pcr detection of t. evansi has known a great expansion during the last 20 years, but primer sets are often insufficiently assessed and compared. in this work, we compared the performances of six primer pairs-tbr1/2 (masiga et al., 1992), esag6/7 (holland et al., 2001a, b), tepan1/2 (panyim et al., 1993), pmutec f/r (wuyts et al., 199 ... | 2010 | 20466489 |
| role of sand lizards in the ecology of lyme and other tick-borne diseases in the netherlands. | abstract: | 2010 | 20470386 |
| prevalence of selected infectious agents in cats in ireland. | vector-borne bacterial and rickettsial agents and toxoplasma gondii, are common organisms in cats. some are potentially zoonotic or may be transmitted via blood transfusion. the current study investigated the prevalence of these agents in cats from dublin, ireland, for which no published data exists. whole blood (n=116) and sera (n=83) samples were obtained from 121 cats. dna was extracted from blood and assayed using polymerase chain reaction techniques for anaplasma species, bartonella species ... | 2010 | 20472484 |
| equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in the czech republic. | twelve confirmed cases of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (ega) and five additional suspected cases, showing a compatible clinical history and specific igg titres of 1280 or above, were recorded in the czech republic during the period 2002 to 2008. the diagnosis was based on clinical signs, the detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum morulae in neutrophils in blood smears, serology and molecular methods. pyrexia (39.8 to 41.3 degrees c), depression, partial or total anorexia, limb oedema and ict ... | 2010 | 20495165 |
| human anaplasmosis and anaplasma ovis variant. | 2010 | 20507768 | |
| human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. | human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are acute febrile tick-borne diseases caused by various members of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma (anaplasmataceae). human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis has become one of the most prevalent life-threatening tick-borne disease in the united states. ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are becoming more frequently diagnosed as the cause of human infections, as animal reservoirs and tick vectors have increased in number and humans have inhabited areas where reservoir ... | 2010 | 20513551 |
| the development of a qpcr assay to detect tick (ixodida) dna and its implementation for the study of tick-borne pathogen transmission. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis is regularly used to detect pathogens within arthropod vectors, but has also been applied to investigate vector dna. this study details a novel highly sensitive quantitative pcr (qpcr) which detects and quantifies dna from ixodes ricinus, the european vector of anaplasma phagocytophilum. by pairing this with a qpcr to detect a. phagocytophilum, valid comparisons of pathogen load can be made between different sized tick-tissue samples. these qpcrs were val ... | 2010 | 20515685 |
| high prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from an indian reservation in northeastern arizona. | we evaluated the serological and molecular prevalence of selected organisms in 145 dogs during late spring (may/june) of 2005 and in 88 dogs during winter (february) of 2007 from the hopi indian reservation. additionally, in 2005, 442 ticks attached to dogs were collected and identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus. infection with or exposure to at least one organism was detected in 69% and 66% of the dogs in may/june 2005 and february 2007, respectively. exposure to spotted fever group (sfg) ric ... | 2010 | 19469667 |
| variant-specific and diminishing immune responses towards the highly variable msp2(p44) outer membrane protein of anaplasma phagocytophilum during persistent infection in lambs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever in small ruminants and has been identified as the zoonotic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the norwegian strains of the rickettsia are naturally persistent in lambs and represent a suitable experimental system for analyzing the mechanisms of persistence. variation of the outer membrane protein msp2(p44) by recombination of variable pseudogene segments into an expression site is believed to play a key role in persisten ... | 2010 | 19695712 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in communal cattle reared on sweet and sour rangelands in a semi-arid area of south africa. | a survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases (tbd) in nguni and non-descript cattle on the sweet and sour communal rangelands across seasons. body condition scores, bodyweights, packed cell volume (pcv) and antibodies to b. bovis, b. bigemina, ehrlichiaruminatium and anaplasma marginale were determined seasonally in 144 cattle raised on communal rangelands from august 2007 to april 2008. approximately 45% of the cattle were seropositive for b. bovis, 46% for b. b ... | 2010 | 19733490 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus from turkey. | this study investigated the presence of the pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks removed from humans living in three provinces (giresun, trabzon, rize) in the east of the black sea region of turkey. a total of 1097 ixodid ticks were examined for the presence of a. phagocytophilum dna. from the 95 pooled tick samples tested, species-specific fragments of a. phagocytophilum (11/95 samples, 11.6%) were amplified by nested pcr. adult ixodes ricinus (9/53 samples, 17.0%) and ixodes spp. ... | 2010 | 19744685 |
| assessment of polymicrobial infections in ticks in new york state. | ixodes scapularis ticks are clinically important hematophagous vectors. a single tick bite can lead to a polymicrobial infection. we determined the prevalence of polymicrobial infection with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia miyamotoi, and powassan virus in 286 adult ticks from the two counties in new york state where lyme disease is endemic, utilizing a masstag multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. seventy-one percent of the ticks harbored at least ... | 2010 | 19725770 |
| the natural history of anaplasma marginale. | the intracellular pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), described by sir arnold theiler in 1910, is endemic worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. infection of cattle with a. marginale causes bovine anaplasmosis, a mild to severe hemolytic disease that results in considerable economic loss to both dairy and beef industries. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs biologically by ticks and mechanically by biting flies and by blood-contaminated fomites. both ma ... | 2010 | 19811876 |
| the natural history of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the recently designated name replacing three species of granulocytic bacteria, ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, after the recent reorganization of the families rickettsiaceae and anaplasmataceae in the order rickettsiales. tick-borne fever (tbf), which is caused by the prototype of a. phagocytophilum, was first described in 1932 in scotland. a similar disease caused by a related granulocytic agent was first de ... | 2010 | 19811878 |
| functional genomics and evolution of tick-anaplasma interactions and vaccine development. | the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) includes several tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. tick-borne pathogens cycle between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts and their interaction is mediated by molecular mechanisms at the tick-pathogen interface. these mechanisms have evolved characteristics that involve traits from both the tick vector and the pathogen to insure their mutual survival. herein, we review the information obtained from functional ge ... | 2010 | 19819630 |
| transformation of anaplasma marginale. | the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, has a complex life cycle involving ruminants and ixodid ticks. it causes bovine anaplasmosis, a disease with significant economic impact on cattle farming worldwide. the obligate intracellular growth requirement of the bacteria poses a challenging obstacle to their genetic manipulation, a problem shared with other prokaryotes in the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, and rickettsia. following our successful transformation of the human anaplasmosis agent, a ... | 2010 | 19837516 |
| protection in the absence of exclusion between two brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected calves. | this study investigated whether a low pathogenicity isolate of anaplasma marginale with an appendage (ufmg1) could protect calves from infection with a pathogenic a. marginale isolate (ufmg2). two groups of five friesian calves were each inoculated with ufmg1 by intravenous injections of either a. marginale-infected tick cell cultures (group 1) or blood stabilates (group 2); a third (control) group was injected with saline. all animals were inoculated with a blood stabilate containing a high pat ... | 2010 | 19837622 |
| complete genome sequence of anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. | anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale is a naturally attenuated subtype that has been used as a vaccine for a century. we sequenced the genome of this organism and compared it to those of virulent senso stricto a. marginale strains. the comparison markedly narrows the number of outer membrane protein candidates for development of a safer inactivated vaccine and provides insight into the diversity among strains of senso lato a. marginale. | 2010 | 19854912 |
| factors contributing to emergence of ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. as human pathogens. | ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses are caused by alpha-proteobacteria within the family of anaplasmataceae. these diseases have been known for a long time in veterinary medicine and recently in human medicine. these tick-borne zoonoses are considered as emerging diseases. the first case of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis occurred in 1986. human granulocytic anaplasmosis was described as a separate entity in 1994 and ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ewingii was reported in humans in 1999. the number ... | 2010 | 19836890 |
| molecular events involved in cellular invasion by ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. these bacteria incorporate cholesterol from the host for their survival. upon interaction with host monocytes and granulocytes, respectively, these bacteria usurp the lipid raft domain containing gpi-anchored protein to induce a series of signaling events that result in inte ... | 2010 | 19836896 |
| impairment of gamma interferon signaling in human neutrophils infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), is an intracellular bacterium which survives and multiplies inside polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (pmn). increased bacterial burden in gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-deficient mice suggested a major role of ifn-gamma in the control of a. phagocytophilum. here we investigated whether infection of human pmn with a. phagocytophilum impairs ifn-gamma signaling thus facilitating intracellular ... | 2010 | 19858302 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma bovis in the salivary glands from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | the salivary gland (sg) of tick plays an important role as a route in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens to their hosts. we evaluated the presence of these pathogens in the sgs of haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, and these ticks were collected from grazing cattle in jeju island, korea. of total 463 one-side sgs, 56 (12.1%) sgs were positive for ehrlichia chaffeensis and 11 (2.4%) were positive for anaplasma bovis. in addition, two (0.4%) sgs were co-infected with both e. chaffeensis and a ... | 2010 | 19874189 |
| identification of theileria uilenbergi immunodominant protein for development of an indirect elisa for diagnosis of ovine theileriosis. | theileriosis of small ruminants in the northwest of china is a protozoan disease that restricts the development of the livestock industry. the disease is caused by infection with theileria uilenbergi and theilerialuwenshuni, both of which are transmitted by ixodid heamaphysalis ticks. the development of serological tools as a means of integrated control of the disease is an urgent and important requirement. here we describe the identification and partial recombinant expression of a t.uilenbergi ... | 2010 | 19900458 |
| detection of anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum dna from haemaphysalis megaspinosa in hokkaido, japan. | dna from 101 ticks, including haemaphysalis megaspinosa, haemaphysalis douglasi, haemaphysalis flava, ixodes ovatus and ixodes persulcatus, collected by flagging in a pasture in hidaka district (hokkaido, japan) was examined for infection with anaplasma bovis and a. phagocytophilum by species-specific nested pcr. of the 48 h. megaspinosa nymphs, examined, 1 (2.1%) and 6 (12.5%) were positive for a. bovis and a. phagocytophilum, respectively. one of the 6 positive nymphs was dual positive for bot ... | 2010 | 19897306 |
| a new pcr-rflp method for detection of anaplasma marginale based on 16s rrna. | species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular tick borne pathogens. three species of anaplasma that infect cattle and sheep (a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis) are well recognized. of these erythrocytic anaplasma, a. marginale can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. species-specific pcr based on 16s rrna gene is commonly used for detection of anaplasma species but can not differentiate a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis ... | 2010 | 20013050 |
| a clear and present danger: tick-borne diseases in europe. | ticks can transmit a variety of viruses, bacteria or parasites that can cause serious infections or conditions in humans and animals. while tick-borne diseases are becoming an increasing and serious problem in europe, tick-borne diseases are also responsible for major depressions in livestock production and mortality in sub-saharan africa, latin america and asia. this review will focus on the most important circulating tick-transmitted pathogens in europe (borrelia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilu ... | 2010 | 20014900 |
| identification of anaplasma centrale major surface protein-2 pseudogenes. | the present study was aimed to identify msp2 pseudogenes and msp2 variants in the vaccine anaplama centrale strain. five msp2 pseudogenes were identified in the a. centrale genome, and multiple msp2 variants that emerged during both acute and persistent infection were detected. the pseudogene copies of msp2 were truncated; they contained a central hypervariable region flanked by short portions of the 5' and 3' conserved regions. alignment of the hypervariable region sequence of the expression si ... | 2010 | 20036077 |
| first detection of the anaplasma phagocytophilum groel-a genotype in man. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is an emerging disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum which is transmitted by ticks of the genus ixodes ricinus. for molecular detection of the pathogen by pcr, a conserved portion of the groel gene within the groesl operon is frequently used as a target. a single g/a polymorphism in this region allows to discriminate between two genotypes, groel-g and groel-a. | 2010 | 20036281 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis type iv secretion and ank proteins. | the obligatory intracellular bacterial pathogens anaplasma and ehrlichia infect leukocytes by hijacking host-cell components and processes. the type iv secretion system is up-regulated during infection. among type iv secretion candidate substrates, an ankyrin repeat protein of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anka, is delivered into the host cytoplasm via a complex that includes vird4. anka is highly tyrosine phosphorylated and binds to the abl interactor 1, shp-1, and nuclear dna fragments. ehrlichia ... | 2010 | 20053580 |
| first molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in european brown bear (ursus arctos). | in europe, anaplasma phagocytophilum circulates in natural foci in a tick-host cycle. up to now, antibodies against a. phagocytophilum as well as pathogen's dna were recorded in several domestic and wild animals. nevertheless, the reservoir host range is still under investigation. tissue samples from european brown bears (ursus arctos) were tested for the presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by a pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene. the results of our study provides the evidence, that the range of ... | 2010 | 20020810 |
| prevalence of five pathogenic agents in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from western france. | in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of many emerging pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), anaplasma phagocytophilum, spotted fever group rickettsia sp., babesia sp., and very likely bartonella sp. in this study, we looked for the presence of dna of these microorganisms in 572 ticks from two forests in the west of france. dna extraction and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification were performed on individual nymphal, male, and female i. ricinus ticks. amplifica ... | 2010 | 20020814 |
| anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins virb2, virb7, virb11, and vird4 are immunogenic components of a protective bacterial membrane vaccine. | anaplasma and related ehrlichia spp. are important tick-borne, gram-negative bacterial pathogens of livestock and humans that cause acute infection and disease and can persist. immunization of cattle with an anaplasma marginale fraction enriched in outer membranes (om) can provide complete protection against disease and persistent infection. serological responses of om vaccinees to the om proteome previously identified over 20 antigenic proteins, including three type iv secretion system (t4ss) p ... | 2010 | 20065028 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in danish horses. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. however, the extend to which danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato and a. phagocytophilum in danish horses. | 2010 | 20082693 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in amblyomma flavomaculatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from lizard varanus exanthematicus imported to poland. | adults and nymphs of amblyomma exornatum, a. flavomaculatum, a. latum, amblyomma spp. and hyalomma aegyptium, were collected from savannah monitors, royal python (africa, ghana) and marginated tortoises (europe, greece) imported to poland, in 2004-2007. altogether 345 ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. none of the tested ticks was positive for the glta gene of rickettsia spp. dna of 16s rrna gene from anaplasma phagocytophilum was amplified and sequenced fro ... | 2010 | 20084536 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| coinfection of western gray squirrel (sciurus griseus) and other sciurid rodents with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum in california. | overlapping geographic distributions of tick-borne disease agents utilizing the same tick vectors are common, and coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum has been frequently reported. this study was undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of both b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (hereinafter referred to as b. burgdorferi) and a. phagocytophilum in several species of sciurid rodents from northern california, usa. ... | 2010 | 20090047 |
| evaluation of brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction for ehrlichia, anaplasma, spotted fever group rickettsia, bartonella, and borrelia species in canine neurological diseases (109 cases). | vector-transmitted microorganisms in the genera ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, and borrelia are commonly suspected in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis (mem), but the prevalence of these pathogens in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of dogs with mem is unknown. | 2010 | 20102497 |
| merozoite proteins from babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) as potential antigens for serodiagnosis by elisa. | babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) is a babesia isolated from sheep infested with haemaphysalis qinghaiensis in china, and is closely related to b. motasi based on the 18s rrna gene sequence. in the present study, an elisa was developed with merozoite antigens of babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) (bqma) purified from in vitro culture. when the positive threshold was chosen as 30% of the antibodies rate, evaluated with 198 negative sera, the specificity was 95.5%. except for babesia sp. tianzhu, there was no cross- ... | 2010 | 20109252 |
| molecular detection of babesia spp. and other haemoparasitic infections of cattle in maputo province, mozambique. | molecular detection of babesia species in apparently healthy cattle within an endemic region was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of carriers and the geographical distribution of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in maputo province, mozambique. samples from 477 animals at 5 localities were analysed using 2 techniques, the semi-nested hot-start pcr and the reverse line blot (rlb) assay. with the semi-nested hot-start pcr, detection of b. bigemina ranged between 30% and 89%, and o ... | 2010 | 20128941 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| subolesin expression in response to pathogen infection in ticks. | ticks (acari: ixodidae) are vectors of pathogens worldwide that cause diseases in humans and animals. ticks and pathogens have co-evolved molecular mechanisms that contribute to their mutual development and survival. subolesin was discovered as a tick protective antigen and was subsequently shown to be similar in structure and function to akirins, an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins in insects and vertebrates that controls nf-kb-dependent and independent expression of innate immune res ... | 2010 | 20170494 |
| in-vitro studies on the susceptibility of ovine strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum to antimicrobial agents and to immune serum. | five strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne fever of sheep and cattle and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, were tested in vitro for their susceptibility to nine antibiotics using the continuous tick cell line ise6. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were evaluated by comparing the percentage of infection of giemsa-stained antibiotic-treated anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected cells with that of untreated controls after 6 days of culture. the minimum bacteric ... | 2010 | 20170925 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum ats-1 is imported into host cell mitochondria and interferes with apoptosis induction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects human neutrophils and inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. bacterial factors involved in this process are unknown. in the present study, we screened a genomic dna library of a. phagocytophilum for effectors of the type iv secretion system by a bacterial two-hybrid system, using a. phagocytophilum vird4 as bait. a hypothetical protein was identified as a putative effector, hereby named anaplasmatranslo ... | 2010 | 20174550 |
| microchip electrophoretic separation for the fast diagnosis of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle. | we report a diagnostic method for anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum) infection in cattle using a nested pcr and microchip electrophoresis (me). a. phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, which are emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases. nested pcr was used to amplify genomic dna samples extracted from cattle blood. the amplified pcr products were analyzed under a sieving gel matrix of 0.7% poly(ethyleneoxide) (m(r)=8,000,000) in a conventi ... | 2010 | 20175090 |
| the immunization-induced antibody response to the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunity. | many vector-borne pathogens evade clearance via rapid variation in their immunogenic surface expressed proteins. this is exemplified by anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen that generates major surface protein 2 (msp2) variants to provide for immune escape and allow long-term pathogen persistence. in contrast to persistence following infection, immunization with a surface protein complex, which includes msp2, induces a response that prevents infection upon challenge. we hypothesi ... | 2010 | 20199762 |
| potential for tick-borne bartonelloses. | as worldwide vectors of human infectious diseases, ticks are considered to be second only to mosquitoes. each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine its geographic distribution, the pathogens it vectors, and the areas that pose risk for tick-borne diseases. researchers have identified an increasing number of bacterial pathogens that are transmitted by ticks, including anaplasma, borrelia, ehrlichia, and rickettsia spp. recent reports involving humans and ... | 2010 | 20202411 |
| the increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people. | dogs and people are exposed to and susceptible to infection by many of the same tick-borne bacterial pathogens in the order rickettsiales, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, and other spotted fever group rickettsiae. recent findings include descriptions of novel ehrlichia and rickettsia species, recognition of the occurrence and clinical significance of co-infection, and increasing awareness of rhipicephalus sangui ... | 2010 | 20207197 |
| an indirect elisa for detection of theileria sergenti antibodies in water buffalo using a recombinant major piroplasm surface protein. | in this study we investigated the prevalence and enzootic potential of theileria spp. in water buffalo in the hubei province in china. an indirect elisa based on a recombinant major piroplasma surface protein was developed. the complete orf of the 33-kda major piroplasma surface protein (p33) was obtained from theileria sergenti genomic dna by pcr, cloned into the pet-28(a) vector and expressed in e. coli as a his-fusion protein. then the recombinant p33 (rp33) was purified and used as the antig ... | 2010 | 20207484 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum aph_1387 is expressed throughout bacterial intracellular development and localizes to the pathogen-occupied vacuolar membrane. | obligate vacuolar pathogens produce proteins that localize to the host cell-derived membranes of the vacuoles in which they reside, yielding unique organelles that are optimally suited for pathogen survival. anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate vacuolar bacterium that infects neutrophils and causes the emerging and potentially fatal disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. here we identified aph_1387 as the first a. phagocytophilum-derived protein that associates with the a. phagocytophilum- ... | 2010 | 20212090 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus anaplasma in southwestern china based on 16s rrna sequence. | to identify the species within the genus anaplasma circulating among ruminants in the southwest of china, we performed the phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene of two anaplasma isolates from cattle and seven from goats. the two sequences obtained from cattle strains belonged to the a. marginale cluster, whereas the other seven sequences from caprine strains formed two anaplasma spp. clusters, which diverged earlier than the clusters of a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. these results i ... | 2010 | 20219219 |
| diagnostic accuracy of methods for detecting anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico. | bovine anaplasmosis (ba) is a hemoparasitic disease of great importance in cattle within the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. control programs for ba require accurate diagnostic assays but validation can be challenging because the true disease status of all animals is frequently not known with certainty. the objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of assays for detection of anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico using bayesian methods wi ... | 2010 | 20224076 |
| prevalence and seasonality of tick-borne pathogens in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from luxembourg. | in europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in central europe are scarce. as a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. in this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ecologically distinct collection sites throughout luxembourg were screened for all human tick-borne pat ... | 2010 | 20228110 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks: a preliminary survey of central italy. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, affects several species of wild and domesticated mammals, including horses. in this work we compared direct and indirect methods to evaluate a. phagocytophilum presence in central italy: 135 sera were screened by ifa for a. phagocytophilum and other haemopathogens (theileria equi and babesia caballi). each horse was also tested for a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna with a nested-pcr technique. in order to examine the risk of ... | 2010 | 18805584 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis in dogs from the north of portugal. | tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens belonging to the ehrlichia and anaplasma genera can infect dogs and humans. in this study, four dogs from the north of portugal, in which an ehrlichial disease was suspected clinically, were tested by molecular methods. after dna extraction from blood on filter paper, a 345 bp fragment of the ehrlichia/anaplasma 16s rrna gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sequence analysis of pcr products revealed one dog infected with ehrlichia cani ... | 2010 | 19056304 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks in slovenia. | abstract: ticks act as vectors of many pathogens of domestic animals and humans. anaplasma phagocytophilum in europe is transmitted by the ixodid tick vector ixodes ricinus. a. phagocytophilum causes a disease with diverse clinical signs in various hosts. a great genetic diversity of the groesl operon of a. phagocytophilum has been found in ticks elsewhere. in slovenia, the variety of the groesl operon was conducted only on deer samples. in this study, the prevalence of infected ticks was estima ... | 2010 | 21050436 |
| evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in young dogs naturally infected by vector-borne pathogens. | longitudinal studies evaluating the evolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical findings in young dogs exposed for the first time to multiple vector-borne pathogens have not been reported. with the objective of assessing the evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings, these parameters were serially monitored in naturally infected dogs throughout a 1-year follow-up period. young dogs, infected by vector-borne pathogens based on cytology or polymerase chain reaction, wer ... | 2010 | 21106311 |
| [pcr detection of the causative agents of infections transmitted by ticks on the kamchatka peninsula]. | there has been recently a rise in referrals for ixodes tick bites in the spring and summer periods in the kamchatka territory. among the dominant tick species, there has been the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus habiting the extensive areas of the southern and central parts of the peninsula. examination of 84 i. persulcatus females collected from human beings and domestic animals in 2003 to 2007 detected dna of the pathogens of tick-borne borreliosis (b. burgdorferi sensu lato), rickettsiasis (r. t ... | 2010 | 21400710 |
| differences in prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma spp. infection among host-seeking dermacentor occidentalis, ixodes pacificus, and ornithodoros coriaceus ticks in northwestern california. | previous studies revealed that the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) is infected occasionally with the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) or human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum) and that it is an inefficient experimental vector of b. burgdorferi. the relationship of the pajahuello tick (ornithodoros coriaceus) to each of these bacterial zoonotic agents has not been reported. the primary bridging vector of both bacterial zoonotic agents to humans is t ... | 2010 | 21359090 |
| variability within the msp2 gene in populations of anaplasma phagocythopilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of verterbrate granulocytes. this bacterium is the aetiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the msp2 gene encoding major surface protein 2 is unique for anaplasma and displays high antigenic variation. a fragment of the msp2 gene (334 bp) of a. phagocytophilum, amplified with dna isolated from ixodes ricinus, syringophilidae, capreolus capreolus and canis lupus familiaris, was used to determine polymorphisms of ... | 2010 | 21324269 |
| loop analysis for pathogens: niche partitioning in the transmission graph for pathogens of the north american tick ixodes scapularis. | in population biology, loop analysis is a method of decomposing a life cycle graph into life history pathways so as to compare the relative contributions of pathways to the population growth rate across species and populations. we apply loop analysis to the transmission graph of five pathogens known to infect the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis. in this context loops represent repeating chains of transmission that could maintain the pathogen. they hence represent completions of the life cyc ... | 2010 | 20950628 |
| a review of bovine anaplasmosis. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. it is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. transplacental transmission of a. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropic ... | 2010 | 21040509 |
| real time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose anaplasma marginale in cattle and deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster) of the brazilian pantanal. | epizootiological study of anaplasma marginale in regions that contain various reservoir hosts, co-existence of rickettsia pathogens, and common vectors is a complicated task. to achieve diagnosis of this rickettsia in cattle and campeiro deer of brazilian pantanal, a comparison was made between a real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with intercalating sybr green fluorochrome and primers based on msp5 gene of a. marginale; a conventional pcr (c-pcr); and parasitological examination using ... | 2010 | 20943025 |
| established and emerging pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the baltic sea. | tick-borne pathogens such as lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp. and babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. in spring 2007, 191 ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the baltic sea in order to test them for borrelia spp., ... | 2010 | 20868431 |
| anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory cd4+ t lymphocyte response but sustained high igg titers. | control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory t cells and high-affinity igg responses. in chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific t and b cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. we previously showed that cd4(+) t cells primed by immunization with an a. marginale outer membra ... | 2010 | 20943884 |