Publications

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antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteriaceae in brazil: focus on β-lactams and polymyxins.during the last 30 years there has been a dissemination of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in brazil. extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) are widely disseminated in the hospital setting and are detected in a lower frequency in the community setting. cefotaximases are the most frequently detected esbl type and klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant species among esbl producers. klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae became widely disseminated in b ...201627825605
population screening using sewage reveals pan-resistant bacteria in hospital and community samples.the presence of pan-resistant bacteria worldwide possesses a threat to global health. it is difficult to evaluate the extent of carriage of resistant bacteria in the population. sewage sampling is a possible way to monitor populations. we evaluated the presence of pan-resistant bacteria in israeli sewage collected from all over israel, by modifying the pour plate method for heterotrophic plate count technique using commercial selective agar plates. this method enables convenient and fast sewage ...201627780222
trojan horse antibiotics-a novel way to circumvent gram-negative bacterial resistance?antibiotic resistance has been emerged as a major global health problem. in particular, gram-negative species pose a significant clinical challenge as bacteria develop or acquire more resistance mechanisms. often, these bacteria possess multiple resistance mechanisms, thus nullifying most of the major classes of drugs. novel approaches to this issue are urgently required. however, the challenges of developing new agents are immense. introducing novel agents is fraught with hurdles, thus adapting ...201627773991
detection of cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula using an immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay.this study aimed to optimize the applicability of an immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay to facilitate rapid detection of cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula (pif). to determine the detection limit, specificity, and pre-enrichment incubation time (0, 4, 6, and 8 h), assay tests were performed with different cell numbers of c. sakazakii (2 × 10(0) and 2 × 10(1) cfu/ml) inoculated in 10 g of pif. the assay was able to detect as few as 2 cells of c. s ...201627721500
antimicrobial susceptibility testing in predicting the presence of carbapenemase genes in enterobacteriaceae in south africa.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) is a concern in south africa and worldwide. it is therefore important that these organisms be accurately identified for infection prevention control purposes.201627716102
non-o157:h7 shiga toxin producing diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli (stec) in southern india: a tinderbox for starting epidemic.outbreaks due to non-o157:h7 shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) resulting in haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) have garnered much attention because of associated mortality transcending across continents and also because diarrhoea due to e.coli itself is rare in developed countries. the actual incidence of non-o157:h7 stec in sporadic acute diarrhoea is not fully elucidated, both in developing as well as in developed countries. due to larger extent of faecal-oral transmission in develo ...201627891338
peroxy pyruvic acid-containing topical anti-infective: a potential candidate for a wound instillation solution.objective: evaluate the therapeutic properties of a peroxy pyruvic acid (ppa)-containing topical anti-infective in a human ex-vivo model that replicates the natural conditions of a human chronic wound. approach: wound material was extracted from patients with nonhealing diabetic ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and arterial wounds. microbial species were identified, and wound colonization was quantified. extracted samples were then exposed to a ppa-containing topical anti-infective as an instillati ...201627785377
accuracy of conventional identification methods used for enterobacteriaceae isolates in three nigerian hospitals.enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. in developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. in t ...201627703855
identification and molecular characterization of bacteriophage phiaxp-2 of achromobacter xylosoxidans.a novel achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteriophage, phiaxp-2, was isolated from hospital sewage in china. the phage was morphologically and microbiologically characterized, and its one-step growth curve, host range, genomic sequence, and receptor were determined. its morphology showed that phiaxp-2 belongs to the family siphoviridae. microbiological characterization demonstrated that ph 7 is most suitable for phage phiaxp-2; its titer decreased when the temperature exceeded 50 °c; phiaxp-2 is sens ...201627669904
the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) identification versus biochemical tests: a study with enterobacteria from a dairy cattle environment.mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multi ...201627818092
the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) identification versus biochemical tests: a study with enterobacteria from a dairy cattle environment.mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multi ...201627818092
bee venom (apis mellifera) an effective potential alternative to gentamicin for specific bacteria strains: bee venom an effective potential for bacteria.mellitine, a major component of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera), is more active against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. moreover, bv has been reported to have multiple effects, including antibacterial, antivirus, and anti-inflammation effects, in various types of cells. in addition, wasp venom has been reported to have antibacterial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bv against selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains of me ...201627695631
prevalence and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from five hospitals in korea.the emergence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) represents a major clinical problem because these bacteria are resistant to most antibiotics. cpe remain relatively uncommon in korea. we report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of cpe isolates collected from five university hospitals in korea.201627578505
identification of bacterial contaminants in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in amatole district of the eastern cape province, south africa, using rapid 16s rrna technique.polyherbal medicines are used for the treatment of many diseases in many african and asian communities. with the increasing use of these remedies, several investigations have shown that they are associated with a broad variety of residues and contaminants. this study investigates the presence of bacteria in the polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis (tb) in the eastern cape province of south africa.201627549141
carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary university hospital in albania-a point prevalence survey.antimicrobial resistance has been recognised as a serious global public health problem. prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant (mdr) organism carriage in albania is largely unknown since no national surveillance system is in place and few publications are accessible in the literature.201627499852
esbl detection: comparison of a commercially available chromogenic test for third generation cephalosporine resistance and automated susceptibility testing in enterobactericeae.rapid detection and reporting of third generation cephalosporine resistance (3gc-r) and of extended spectrum betalactamases in enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) is a diagnostic and therapeutic priority to avoid inefficacy of the initial antibiotic regimen. in this study we evaluated a commercially available chromogenic screen for 3gc-r as a predictive and/or confirmatory test for esbl and ampc activity in clinical and veterinary enterobacteriaceae isolates. the test was highly reliable in the predicti ...201627494134
ceftazidime-avibactam (avycaz): for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections.ceftazidime-avibactam (avycaz) for the treatment of complicated infections.201627504064
citrobacter freundii carrying blakpc-2 and blandm-1: characterization by whole genome sequencing.a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii strain wchcf65 was recovered from hospital sewage and was characterized by genome sequencing and conjugation experiments. the strain carried nine genes encoding β-lactamases including two carbapenemase genes, blandm-1 and blakpc-2. blandm-1 was carried on an incx3 plasmid, which was identical to a plasmid found in a local escherichia coli, suggesting interspecies horizontal transfer. blakpc-2 was bracketed by two copies of insertion sequence iskpn19, w ...201627465241
frequency of zoonotic bacteria among illegally traded wild birds in rio de janeiro.the illegal wildlife trade may increase the risk of infectious disease transmission, and it may not only cause disease outbreaks in humans but also threaten livestock, native wild populations, and ecosystems' health. bird species may act as carriers in the transmission of enteric pathogens. however, epidemiological studies on zoonotic bacteria in wild birds are rare in brazil. from march 2011 to march 2012, we investigated the frequency of enterobacteriaceae in cloacal swab samples from 109 bird ...201627528081
prosthetic vascular graft infections: bacterial cultures from negative-pressure-wound-therapy foams do not improve diagnostics.we analyzed the diagnostic value of microorganisms cultured from negative-pressure-wound-therapy (npwt) foam samples compared to that of microorganisms cultured from deep tissue samples from patients with vascular graft infections. the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (ppv), and negative predictive value (npv) were 58%, 86%, 81%, and 66%, respectively. the diagnostic value of microbiological cultures from npwt foams was poor.201627252462
resistant mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii.the aim of the study was to investigate the resistant mechanisms and homology of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (a. baumannii). a total of 46 non-duplicate imipenem‑resistant a. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from three tertiary hospitals between july, 2011 and june, 2012. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of antimicrobial agents were determined using the agar dilution method. phenylalanine‑arginine β-naphthylamide was used to detect the presence of the efflux ...201627485638
detection of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae from different hospitals in china.the spread of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, into carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) clinical isolates poses a significant threat to global health. here we report the identification of three mcr-1-harboring carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli strains, collected from three patients in two provinces in china. our results show that mcr-1-harboring cre strains have started to spread in different hospitals in china. in addition, this report presents the first descr ...201627216058
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with irritable bowel syndrome and is independent of proton pump inhibitor usage.current knowledge suggests that small intestinal overgrowth participates in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. it is questionable if this association is modulated by intake of proton pump inhibitors (ppis).201627402085
plasmid dynamics in kpc-positive klebsiella pneumoniae during long-term patient colonization.carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains are formidable hospital pathogens that pose a serious threat to patients around the globe due to a rising incidence in health care facilities, high mortality rates associated with infection, and potential to spread antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species, such as escherichia coli over 6 months in 2011, 17 patients at the national institutes of health (nih) clinical center became colonized with a highly virulent, transmissible carbapenem ...201627353756
use of shotgun metagenome sequencing to detect fecal colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria in children.prevention of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacterial infections relies on accurate detection of these organisms. we investigated shotgun metagenome sequencing for the detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre), and mdr enterobacteriaceae fecal metagenomes were analyzed from high-risk inpatients and compared to those of low-risk outpatients and controls with minimal risk for a mdr bacterial infection. principal-component analysis clustere ...201627122381
sideromimic modification of lactivicin dramatically increases potency against extensively drug-resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates.acetamido derivatives of the naturally antibacterial non-β-lactam lactivicin (ltv) have improved activity against their penicillin binding protein targets and reduced hydrolysis by β-lactamases, but penetration into gram-negative bacteria is still relatively poor. here we report that modification of the ltv lactone with a catechol-type siderophore increases potency 1,000-fold against stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a species renowned for its insusceptibility to antimicrobials. the mic90 of modifie ...201627139464
multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from surface water in bassaseachic falls national park, mexico.bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of waterborne disease, and may result in gastrointestinal outbreaks worldwide. inhabitants of the bassaseachic falls national park in chihuahua, mexico show seasonal gastroenteritis problems. this aim of this study was to detect enteropathogenic microorganisms responsible for diarrheal outbreaks in this area. in 2013, 49 surface water samples from 13 selected sampling sites along the basaseachi waterfall and its main rivers, were collected during the sprin ...201627322297
local transmission and global dissemination of new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (ndm): a whole genome analysis.new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (bla ndm), a plasmid-borne carbapenemase gene associated with significant mortality and severely limited treatment options, is of global public health concern as it is found in extremely diverse gram-negative bacterial strains. this study thus aims to genetically characterize local and global spread of bla ndm.201627297071
engineering bacillus licheniformis for the production of meso-2,3-butanediol.2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) can be used as a liquid fuel additive to replace petroleum oil, and as an important platform chemical in the pharmaceutical and plastic industries. microbial production of 2,3-bd by bacillus licheniformis presents potential advantages due to its gras status, but previous attempts to use this microorganism as a chassis strain resulted in the production of a mix of d-2,3-bd and meso-2,3-bd isomers.201627257436
review of 58 patients with necrotizing fasciitis in the netherlands.necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, life threatening soft tissue infection, primarily involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. in a large cohort of patients presenting with necrotizing fasciitis in the netherlands we analysed all available data to determine the causative pathogens and describe clinical management and outcome.201627239222
nested russian doll-like genetic mobility drives rapid dissemination of the carbapenem resistance gene blakpc.the recent widespread emergence of carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae is a major public health concern, as carbapenems are a therapy of last resort against this family of common bacterial pathogens. resistance genes can mobilize via various mechanisms, including conjugation and transposition; however, the importance of this mobility in short-term evolution, such as within nosocomial outbreaks, is unknown. using a combination of short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing of 281 blakpc- ...201627067320
genetic characterization of tem-type esbl-associated antibacterial resistance in enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital in ghana.antibiotic resistance due to the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. data from ghana regarding this resistance mechanism is limited. this study was designed to investigate the presence of tem-type esbl genes, their locations and their conjugabilities in clinical isolates of enterobacteria collected from the korle-bu teaching hospital in ghana.201627145868
epidemiology and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in southeast asia.multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (mdrgn), including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and multidrug-resistant glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters), have emerged and spread throughout southeast asia.201627148448
antibiotic resistance among urinary isolates from female outpatients in the united states in 2003 and 2012.a retrospective analysis was performed using the surveillance network, usa, to examine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among urine isolates from u.s. female outpatients in 2012 and assessed trends in antibiotic resistance comparing data from 2003 and 2012. the most common pathogen identified in 2012 (n = 285,325) was escherichia coli (64.9% of isolates). in 2012, e. coli resistance to nitrofurantoin was low (<3%) across all age groups. e. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin was high among a ...201626883714
new small plasmid harboring blakpc-2 in pseudomonas aeruginosa.the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic context of blakpc-2 in pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type 244 from brazil. the blakpc-2 gene was detected in a new small plasmid, pbh6. complete sequencing revealed that pbh6 was 3,652 bp long and included the tn3 resolvase and tn3 inverted repeat (ir), a partial copy of iskpn6, and a putative ori region but no rep genes. pbh6 replicated stably into escherichia coli strain dh10b and p. aeruginosa strain pao.201626953192
characterization of the gut microbiome using 16s or shotgun metagenomics.the advent of next generation sequencing (ngs) has enabled investigations of the gut microbiome with unprecedented resolution and throughput. this has stimulated the development of sophisticated bioinformatics tools to analyze the massive amounts of data generated. researchers therefore need a clear understanding of the key concepts required for the design, execution and interpretation of ngs experiments on microbiomes. we conducted a literature review and used our own data to determine which ap ...201627148170
high prevalence of multidrug resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in bo, sierra leone.the rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems globally. while the antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria is closely tracked in many developed countries, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (mdr) among pathogens currently circulating in most countries of sub-saharan africa are virtually unknown.201627090787
phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary-level reference hospital in turkey.enterobacteriaceae are among the most common pathogens that are responsible for serious community-acquired, hospital-acquired, and health-care associated infections. the emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) have become an increasing concern for healthcare services worldwide. infections caused by these bacteria have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality and treatment options have been limited. the rapid and accurate detection of carbapenem resis ...201627048322
spread of tem, vim, shv, and ctx-m β-lactamases in imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from egyptian hospitals.carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli resulting from β-lactamases have been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infections and are a critical therapeutic problem worldwide. this study aimed to describe the prevalence of imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolates and detection of bla vim, bla tem, bla shv, bla ctx-m-1, and bla ctx-m-9 genes in these clinical isolates in egyptian hospitals. the isolates were collected from various clinical samples, identified by conventiona ...201627123005
rapid detection of escherichia coli o157 and shiga toxins by lateral flow immunoassays.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 (stec) cause food-borne illness that may be fatal. stec strains enumerate two types of potent shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) that are responsible for causing diseases. it is important to detect the e. coli o157 and shiga toxins in food to prevent outbreak of diseases. we describe the development of two multi-analyte antibody-based lateral flow immunoassays (lfia); one for the detection of stx1 and stx2 and one for the detection of e. coli o157 that ma ...201627023604
genomic characterization of enterobacter cloacae isolates from china that coproduce kpc-3 and ndm-1 carbapenemases.here, we report twoenterobacter cloacaesequence type 231 isolates coproducing kpc-3 and ndm-1 that have caused lethal infections in a tertiary hospital in china. theblandm-1-harboring plasmids carry inca/c2and incr replicons, showing a mosaic plasmid structure, and theblandm-1is harbored on a novel class i integron-like element.blakpc-3is located on a tn3-δblatem-1-blakpc-3-δtn1722element, flanked by two 9-bp direct-repeat sequences and harbored on an incx6 plasmid.201626787700
antimicrobials from cnidarians. a new perspective for anti-infective therapy?the ability of microbes to counter the scientific and therapeutic advancements achieved during the second half of the twentieth century to provide effective disease treatments is currently a significant challenge for researchers in biology and medicine. the discovery of antibiotics, and the subsequent development of synthetic antimicrobial compounds, altered our therapeutic approach towards infectious diseases, and improved the quality and length of life for humans and other organisms. the curre ...201627005633
kpc-like carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae colonizing patients in europe and israel.in a 2008-2011 survey, 17,945 patients in 18 hospital units in europe and israel were screened for carriage of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae, resulting in identification of 124 positive patients. the isolates were dominated by klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (st258) kpc-2 and st512 kpc-3, mainly from greece and italy, respectively, whereas israeli isolates were of diverse species, clones, and kpc variants. various blakpc platforms were observed, a ...201626711772
risk factors and outcomes for intestinal carriage of ampc-hyperproducing enterobacteriaceae in intensive care unit patients.in a cohort of 1,209 intensive care unit (icu) patients, the prevalence of intestinal colonization with high-level expressed ampc cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteriaceae (hlac-pe) rose steadily from 2% at admission to 30% in patients with lengths of stay (los) exceeding 4 weeks. in multivariate analysis, los was the main predictor of carriage acquisition after adjustment on antimicrobial exposure. hlac-pe infection occurred in 15% of carriers. carriage and infection were associated with a ...201626666938
colistin-nonsusceptible pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type 654 with blandm-1 arrives in north america.this study describes 3 different blandm-1 genetic platforms in 3 different species obtained from the same patient who was directly transferred to an institution in calgary, alberta, canada, following a prolonged hospital stay in india. the blandm-1 in the escherichia coli isolate was located on a 176-kb inca/c plasmid contained within an iscr1 region. the blandm-1 in the providencia rettgeri isolate was located on a 117-kb inct plasmid contained within tn3000, while the blandm-1 in the pseudomon ...201626824951
rapid detection of oxa-48-producing enterobacteriaceae by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.a rapid and sensitive (100%) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) assay was developed to detect oxa-48-type producers, using 161 previously characterized clinical isolates. ertapenem was monitored to detect carbapenem resistance, and temocillin was included in the assay as a marker for oxa-48-producers. structural analysis of temocillin is described. data are obtained within 60 min.201626677247
biosurfactants produced by marine microorganisms with therapeutic applications.marine microorganisms possess unique metabolic and physiological features and are an important source of new biomolecules, such as biosurfactants. some of these surface-active compounds synthesized by marine microorganisms exhibit antimicrobial, anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activity against a broad spectrum of human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogens), and could be used instead of existing drugs to treat infections caused by them. in other cases, these biosurfactants show anti ...201626901207
new monoclonal antibodies against a novel subtype of shiga toxin 1 produced by enterobacter cloacae and their use in analysis of human serum.shiga toxin (stx) is a major virulence factor of several bacterial pathogens that cause potentially fatal illness, including escherichia coli and shigella spp. the continual emergence of new subtypes of stxs presents challenges for the clinical diagnosis of infections caused by stx-producing organisms. here, we report the development of four new monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against stx1e, a novel subtype of stx1 that was produced by an enterobacter cloacae strain and had limited reactivity with ...201627303707
hiding in fresh fruits and vegetables: opportunistic pathogens may cross geographical barriers.different microbial groups of the microbiome of fresh produce can have diverse effects on human health. this study was aimed at identifying some microbial communities of fresh produce by analyzing 105 samples of imported fresh fruits and vegetables originated from different countries in the world including local samples (oman) for aerobic plate count and the counts of enterobacteriaceae, enterococcus, and staphylococcus aureus. the isolated bacteria were identified by molecular (pcr) and biochem ...201626989419
antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from intensive care units at hamad medical corporation, qatar.the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates has important clinical and therapeutic implications. high prevalence of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae has been reported in the literature for clinical samples from a variety of infection sites. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae, and to perform molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates from patients admitted t ...201626865975
analysis of the structure and function of fox-4 cephamycinase.class c β-lactamases poorly hydrolyze cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin, cefotetan, and moxalactam). in the past 2 decades, a new family of plasmid-based ampc β-lactamases conferring resistance to cefoxitin, the fox family, has grown to include nine unique members descended from the aeromonas caviae chromosomal ampc. to understand the basis for the unique cephamycinase activity in the fox family, we determined the first x-ray crystal structures of fox-4, apo enzyme and the acyl-enzyme with its namesa ...201626525784
multiyear, multinational survey of the incidence and global distribution of metallo-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) hydrolyze all classes of β-lactams except monobactams and are not inhibited by classic serine β-lactamase inhibitors. gram-negative pathogens isolated from patient infections were collected from 202 medical centers in 40 countries as part of a global surveillance study from 2012 to 2014. carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were characterized for bla genes encoding vim, imp, ndm, spm, and gim variants using pcr and sequencing. a tota ...201626643349
in vitro antimicrobial activity of a siderophore cephalosporin, s-649266, against enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates, including carbapenem-resistant strains.s-649266 is a novel siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with a catechol moiety on the 3-position side chain. two sets of clinical isolate collections were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of s-649266 against enterobacteriaceae. these sets included 617 global isolates collected between 2009 and 2011 and 233 β-lactamase-identified isolates, including 47 kpc-, 49 ndm-, 12 vim-, and 8 imp-producers. the mic90 values of s-649266 against the first set of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumo ...201626574013
comparative study of a novel biochemical assay, the rapidec carba np test, for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.the novel biochemical test, the rapidec carba np (rcnp), was evaluated using carbapenemase- and non-carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates. the rcnp test was compared with the carba np test (cnp) and the modified hodge test. compared to the cnp test, the rcnp test had identical sensitivity (96%) and lower specificity (93% versus 100%). the medium used to culture the isolates significantly affected test sensitivity and specificity. the rcnp test was quicker and easier to perform than ...201626582833
use of an enrichment broth improves detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in clinical stool samples.this study evaluated the impact of preenrichment on the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) in clinical stool samples. esbl-e were detected in 41 of 343 patients (12.0%). as 31.7% of the esbl-e carriers were identified by preenrichment, only this additional diagnostic step significantly improved the detection of esbl-e.201626607984
evaluation of the byg carba test, a new electrochemical assay for rapid laboratory detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) constitutes a major laboratory diagnostic challenge. we evaluated an electrochemical technique (the byg carba test) which allows detection of cpe in less than 35 min. the byg carba test was first validated in triplicate against 57 collection isolates with previously characterized β-lactam resistance mechanisms (oxa-48, n = 12; kpc, n = 8; ndm, n = 8; vim, n = 8; imp, n = 3; gim, n = 1; ges-6, n = 1; no carbapenemase, n = 16) ...201626637378
diagnostic methods of helicobacter pylori infection for epidemiological studies: critical importance of indirect test validation.among the methods developed to detect h. pylori infection, determining the gold standard remains debatable, especially for epidemiological studies. due to the decreasing sensitivity of direct diagnostic tests (histopathology and/or immunohistochemistry [ihc], rapid urease test [rut], and culture), several indirect tests, including antibody-based tests (serology and urine test), urea breath test (ubt), and stool antigen test (sat) have been developed to diagnose h. pylori infection. among the ind ...201626904678
significance and roles of proteus spp. bacteria in natural environments.proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by gustav hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. currently, the genus is divided into proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, proteus penneri, proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 o-antigenic serogroups. the bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. it is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these ...201626748500
primer evaluation for pcr and its application for detection of carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae.during the last decade, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in human patients has increased. carbapenemase-producing bacteria are usually multidrug resistant. therefore, early recognition of carbapenemase producers is critical to prevent their spread.201627099689
laboratory detection and clinical implication of oxacillinase-48 like carbapenemase: the hidden threat.carbapenemase producing gram-negative pathogen is of great concern for physician. the challenging aspects are treatment option and infection control. monitoring of respective carbapenemase resistance mechanism is necessary to prevent the outbreaks. currently, the rapid emergence of oxacillinase (oxa-48) like is alarming. increasing frequency of oxa-48 is seen than the classical carbapenemase (kpc, ndm, imp, and vim) across the world. the bla oxa-48 gene is commonly identified in escherichia coli ...201627013843
strain-level discrimination of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in spinach using metagenomic sequencing.consumption of fresh bagged spinach contaminated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) has led to severe illness and death; however current culture-based methods to detect foodborne stec are time consuming. since not all stec strains are considered pathogenic to humans, it is crucial to incorporate virulence characterization of stec in the detection method. in this study, we assess the comprehensiveness of utilizing a shotgun metagenomics approach for detection and strain-level iden ...201627930729
assessing quality of medicago sativa silage by monitoring bacterial composition with single molecule, real-time sequencing technology and various physiological parameters.the present study applied the pacbio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology (smrt) in evaluating the quality of silage production. specifically, we produced four types of medicago sativa silages by using four different lactic acid bacteria-based additives (ad-i, ad-ii, ad-iii and ad-iv). we monitored the changes in ph, organic acids (including butyric acid, the ratio of acetic acid/lactic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, 4-hyroxy benzoic acid and phenyl lactic acid), mycotoxins, and bacteria ...201627340760
animal-microbe interactions and the evolution of nervous systems.animals ubiquitously interact with environmental and symbiotic microbes, and the effects of these interactions on animal physiology are currently the subject of intense interest. nevertheless, the influence of microbes on nervous system evolution has been largely ignored. we illustrate here how taking microbes into account might enrich our ideas about the evolution of nervous systems. for example, microbes are involved in animals' communicative, defensive, predatory and dispersal behaviours, and ...201626598731
intestinal bacterial colonization in the first 2 weeks of life of nigerian neonates using standard culture methods.the pattern and timing of development of intestinal microflora in nigerian infants have been scarcely researched. this study was carried out to investigate the bacteria flora in the rectum of healthy neonates in ibadan, nigeria.201628083526
mechanisms of evolution in high-consequence drug resistance plasmids.the dissemination of resistance among bacteria has been facilitated by the fact that resistance genes are usually located on a diverse and evolving set of transmissible plasmids. however, the mechanisms generating diversity and enabling adaptation within highly successful resistance plasmids have remained obscure, despite their profound clinical significance. to understand these mechanisms, we have performed a detailed analysis of the mobilome (the entire mobile genetic element content) of a set ...201627923922
risk factors for bacteremia in patients with urinary catheter-associated bacteriuria.catheter-associated bacteriuria is complicated by secondary bacteremia in 0.4% to 4.0% of cases. the directly attributable mortality rate is 12.7%.201627965229
microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in rousettus leschenaultii guano.bats are crucial for proper functioning of an ecosystem. they provide various important services to ecosystem and environment. while, bats are well-known carrier of pathogenic viruses, their possible role as a potential carrier of pathogenic bacteria is under-explored. here, using culture-based approach, employing multiple bacteriological media, over thousand bacteria were cultivated and identified from rousettus leschenaultii (a frugivorous bat species), the majority of which were from the fami ...201627845426
detection of ampc β-lactamase producing bacteria isolated in neonatal sepsis.the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial profile of ampc β-lactamase producing bacteria.201628083055
intestinal enterobacteriaceae that protect nematodes from the effects of benzimidazoles.the objective of this study was to investigate an interaction between nematodes and gut enterobacteriaceae that use benzimidazoles as a carbon source. by addressing this objective, we identified an anthelmintic resistance-like mechanism for gastrointestinal nematodes. we isolated 30 gut bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) that subsist on and putatively catabolize benzimidazole-class anthelmintics. c. elegans was protected from the effects of benzimidazoles when co-incubated with these enterobac ...201628066686
correction: clinical impact of maldi-tof ms identification and rapid susceptibility testing on adequate antimicrobial treatment in sepsis with positive blood cultures.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156299.].201627658295
bacteriophages in clinical samples can interfere with microbiological diagnostic tools.bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, and they are found everywhere their bacterial hosts are present, including the human body. to explore the presence of phages in clinical samples, we assessed 65 clinical samples (blood, ascitic fluid, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum). infectious tailed phages were detected in >45% of ascitic fluid and urine samples. three examples of phage interference with bacterial isolation were observed. phages prevented the confluent bacterial growth re ...201627609086
carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae: prevalence and risk factors in a single community-based hospital in korea.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) are gram-negative bacteria with increasing prevalence of infection worldwide. in korea, 25 cases of cpe isolates were reported by the korea centers for disease control and prevention in 2011. most cpe cases were detected mainly at tertiary referral hospitals. we analyzed the prevalence and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) in a mid-sized community-based hospital in korea.201627659436
bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance profile of community-acquired urinary tract infections in a cameroonian city.introduction. community-acquired urinary tract infections (cautis) are usually treated empirically. geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of utis. our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of cautis and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of cameroon for comparison with prescri ...201627667998
assessment of genetically engineered trabulsiella odontotermitis as a 'trojan horse' for paratransgenesis in termites.the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is an invasive urban pest in the southeastern usa. paratransgenesis using a microbe expressed lytic peptide that targets the termite gut protozoa is currently being developed for the control of formosan subterranean termites. in this study, we evaluated trabulsiella odontotermitis, a termite-specific bacterium, for its potential to serve as a 'trojan horse' for expression of gene products in termite colonies.201627595984
a review of shv extended-spectrum β-lactamases: neglected yet ubiquitous.β-lactamases are the primary cause of resistance to β-lactams among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. shv enzymes have emerged in enterobacteriaceae causing infections in health care in the last decades of the twentieth century, and they are now observed in isolates in different epidemiological settings both in human, animal and the environment. likely originated from a chromosomal penicillinase of klebsiella pneumoniae, shv β-lactamases currently encompass a large number of allelic vari ...201627656166
effect of 4 % chlorhexidine on cord colonization among hospital and community births in india: a randomized controlled study.infections are the single most important cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. results from trials in asia evaluating the effect of chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality have been encouraging but limited data are available on the impact of cord cleansing on bacterial colonization. further, no data from facility deliveries and impact with time is available. this pilot study was aimed to evaluate the impact of 4 % commercially prepared chlorhexidine on cord colonization and density of ...201627484013
antibiotic treatment and resistance in chronic wounds of vascular origin.the problem of antibiotic resistance is worldwide and affects many types of pathogens. this phenomenon has been growing for decades and nowadays we are faced with a wide range of worrisome pathogens that are becoming resistant and many pathogens that may soon be untreatable. the aim of this study was to determine the resistance and antibiotic treatment in chronic wounds of vascular origin.201627547055
isolation and characterization of escherichia coli sequence type 131 and other antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacilli from clinical stool samples from veterans.emerging multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacilli (gnb), including escherichia coli sequence type 131 (st131) and its resistance-associated h30 subclone, constitute an ever-growing public health threat. their reservoirs and transmission pathways are incompletely defined. to assess diarrheal stools as a potential reservoir for st131-h30 and other mdr gnb, we cultured 100 clinical stool samples from a veterans affairs medical center clinical laboratory (october to december 2011) for fluoroq ...201627185805
global dissemination of blakpc into bacterial species beyond klebsiella pneumoniae and in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam.the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc), first described in the united states in 1996, is now a widespread global problem in several gram-negative species. a worldwide surveillance study collected gram-negative pathogens from 202 global sites in 40 countries during 2012 to 2014 and determined susceptibility to β-lactams and other class agents by broth microdilution testing. molecular mechanisms of β-lactam resistance among carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aerugi ...201627161636
high-density lipoprotein binds to mycobacterium avium and affects the infection of thp-1 macrophages.high-density lipoprotein (hdl) is involved in innate immunity toward various infectious diseases. concerning bacteria, hdl is known to bind to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and to neutralize its physiological activity. on the other hand, cholesterol is known to play an important role in mycobacterial entry into host cells and in survival in the intracellular environment. however, the pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium (m. avium) infection, which tends to increase worldwide, remains poorly studied. ...201627516907
comparative study of cronobacter identification according to phenotyping methods.microbiological criteria applied to powdered infant formula (pif) require the absence of all cronobacter spp. consequently, misidentification of isolates from finished products can lead to significant financial losses for manufacturers and could increase the risk of neonatal infection. biochemical identification of suspect isolates using commercially available test panels is recommended for use by pif manufacturers by both the us fda and iso standard methods for cronobacter species; however, phe ...201627401027
high prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae among clinical isolates in burkina faso.nothing is known about the epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) in burkina faso. the objective of this study was to determine esbl-pe prevalence and to characterize esbl genes in burkina faso.201627400864
antimicrobial activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents against gram-negative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in u.s. medical centers, 2012 to 2014.a total of 7,272 unique patient clinical isolates were collected from 71 u.s. medical centers from patients with urinary tract infections in 2012 to 2014 and tested for susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators by broth microdilution methods. ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of all enterobacteriaceae at the susceptible breakpoint of ≤8 μg/ml (there were only three nonsusceptible strains). ceftazidime-avibactam was also active against pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (mic50, 2 ...201627114273
early-onset pneumonia in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with special focus on prehospital airway management.background more than half of all non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ohca) patients die in the hospital. early-onset pneumonia (eop) has been described as one of the most common complications after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. however, the expanded use of alternative airway devices (aad) might influence the incidence of eop following ohca. material and methods we analyzed data from all ohca patients admitted to our hospital between 1 january 2008 and 31 december 2014. eop ...201627295123
clinical impact of maldi-tof ms identification and rapid susceptibility testing on adequate antimicrobial treatment in sepsis with positive blood cultures.shortening the turn-around time (tat) of positive blood culture (bc) identification (id) and susceptibility results is essential to optimize antimicrobial treatment in patients with sepsis. we aimed to evaluate the impact on antimicrobial prescription of a modified workflow of positive bcs providing id and partial susceptibility results for enterobacteriaceae (eb), pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus on the day of bc positivity detection. this study was divided into a pre-interventi ...201627228001
occurrence of potential bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns isolated from herbal medicinal products sold in different markets of gondar town, northwest ethiopia.background. the world health organization estimates that about 80% of the world's population uses herbal medicine to treat various illnesses as means of primary healthcare. however, during preparation, herbal plants may be exposed to contamination by potential pathogens, and this may lead to infections. the aim of this study was to determine bacterial contamination of herbal medicinal products and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. methods. a cross-sectiona ...201627299154
evaluation of the check-points check mdr ct103 and ct103 xl microarray kits by use of preparatory rapid cell lysis.using a rapid bacterial lysis method, the check mdr ct103 and ct103 xl microarrays demonstrated accuracies of 98.1% and 94.2%, respectively, for detection of known resistance genes in 108 multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. in 45 isolates, 49 previously unrecognized extended-spectrum β-lactamase or plasmid ampc targets were detected and confirmed by conventional pcr.201626888905
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry accelerates pathogen identification and may confer benefit in the outcome of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and conventional standard methods were compared for time to pathogen identification and impact on clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis patients. the maldi-tof ms method identified the causative microorganisms earlier (average time saved, 64 h for all pathogens), and patients had a shorter hospital stay (mean ± standard deviation, 5.2 ± 4.8 days versus 8.2 ± 4.5 days, p = 0.001).201626912750
in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates collected during the inform global surveillance study (2012 to 2014).the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam was assessed against 961 isolates of meropenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae most meropenem-nonsusceptible metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-negative isolates (97.7%) were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam. isolates that carried kpc or oxa-48-like β-lactamases, both alone and in combination with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and/or ampc β-lactamases, were 98.7% and 98.5% susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, respectively. meropenem-nonsusceptible, ca ...201626926648
antimicrobial activities of ceftaroline and comparator agents against bacterial organisms causing bacteremia in patients with skin and skin structure infections in u.s. medical centers, 2008 to 2014.we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,454 organisms consecutively collected from patients with bacteremia associated with skin and skin structure infections. the most common organisms obtained werestaphylococcus aureus(670 organisms [46.1%]),escherichia coli(200 organisms [13.8%]), β-hemolytic streptococci (βhs) (138 organisms [9.5%]), andklebsiella pneumoniae(109 organisms [7.5%]). the susceptibility rates for ceftaroline were 97.9% fors. aureus(95.9% among methicillin-resistants. ...201626856825
insights into newer antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacteria.currently, drug resistance, especially against cephalosporins and carbapenems, among gram-negative bacteria is an important challenge, which is further enhanced by the limited availability of drugs against these bugs. there are certain antibiotics (colistin, fosfomycin, temocillin, and rifampicin) that have been revived from the past to tackle the menace of superbugs, including members of enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter species, and pseudomonas species. very few newer antibiotics have been add ...201627013887
evaluation of the septifast mgrade test on standard care wards--a cohort study.the immediate need for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in septic patients requires the detection of the causative pathogen in a timely and reliable manner. in this study, the real-time pcr septifast mgrade test was evaluated in adult patients meeting the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) criteria that were treated at standard care wards.201626986826
β-lactamase characterization of gram-negative pathogens recovered from patients enrolled in the phase 2 trials for ceftazidime-avibactam: clinical efficacies analyzed against subsets of molecularly characterized isolates.the correlation of the clinical efficacies of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators (carbapenems) was evaluated against baseline gram-negative isolates having characterized β-lactam resistance mechanisms from complicated urinary tract infection (cuti) and complicated intra-abdominal infection (ciai) phase 2 trials. enterobacteriaceae displaying ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime mics of ≥ 2 μg/ml (69 isolates) and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nf-gnb [three isolates]) with ceftazidime mics ...201626666936
correlation of β-lactamase production and colistin resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates from a global surveillance program.the increasing use of carbapenems for treating multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacterial infections has contributed to the global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre). serine and metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) that hydrolyze carbapenems have become prevalent and endemic in some countries, necessitating the use of older classes of agents, such as colistin. a total of 19,719 isolates of enterobacteriaceae (excluding proteeae and serratia spp., which have innate resis ...201626666920
development of a flow cytometry-based method for rapid detection of escherichia coli and shigella spp. using an oligonucleotide probe.standard methods to detect escherichia coli contamination in food use the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and agar culture plates. these methods require multiple incubation steps and take a long time to results. an improved rapid flow-cytometry based detection method was developed, using a fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probe specifically binding a16s rrna sequence. the method positively detected 51 e. coli isolates as well as 4 shigella species. all 27 non-e. coli strains tested gave nega ...201626913737
evaluation of an image analysis device (apas) for screening urine cultures.while advancements have been made in some areas of pathology with diagnostic materials being screened using image analysis technologies, the reporting of cultures from agar plates remains a manual process. we compared the results for 2,163 urine cultures read by a reference panel of microbiologists, by the routine laboratory process, and by an automated plate reading system, apas (lbt innovations ltd., south australia). apas detected colonies with a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 99.3 ...201626582838
detection of carbapenemase production in a collection of enterobacteriaceae with characterized resistance mechanisms from clinical and environmental origins by use of both carba np and blue-carba tests.rapid-screening methods to confirm the presence of resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant bacteria are currently recommended. carba np and blue-carba tests were evaluated in carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from hospital (n = 102) and environmental (n = 57) origins for detecting the different molecular classes among them. both methods showed to be fast and cost-effective, with high sensitivity (98% to 100%) and specificity (100%), and may be easily introduced in the routine labor ...201626607979
significantly enhancing recombinant alkaline amylase production in bacillus subtilis by integration of a novel mutagenesis-screening strategy with systems-level fermentation optimization.alkaline amylase has significant potential for applications in the textile, paper and detergent industries, however, low yield of which cannot meet the requirement of industrial application. in this work, a novel artp mutagenesis-screening method and fermentation optimization strategies were used to significantly improve the expression level of recombinant alkaline amylase in b. subtilis 168.201627777616
colonization of the intestinal tract of the polyphagous pest spodoptera littoralis with the gfp-tagged indigenous gut bacterium enterococcus mundtii.the alkaline gut of lepidopterans plays a crucial role in shaping communities of bacteria. enterococcus mundtii has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the major agricultural pest, spodoptera littoralis. therefore, it was selected as a model bacterium to study its adaptation to harsh alkaline gut conditions in its host insect throughout different stages of development (larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs). to date, the mechanism of bacterial survival ...201627379058
molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of various blaper genes in shanghai, china.we describe the genetic characteristics and possible transmission mechanism of blaper in 25 clinical gram-negative bacilli in shanghai. blaper, including blaper-1, blaper-3, and blaper-4, was located chromosomally or in different plasmids. tn1213 harboring blaper-1 was first identified in two proteus mirabilis isolates in china. the other blaper variants were preceded by an iscr1 element inside the complex class 1 integron associated with is26, tn21, tn1696, and a miniature inverted-repeat trans ...201627067315
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