Publications

biofilms: microbial life on surfaces.	microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (eps) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. attachment is a complex process regulated by diverse characteristics of the growth medium, substratum, and cell surface. an established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and eps, has a defined architecture, and ...	2002	12194761
degradation of aromatics and chloroaromatics by pseudomonas sp. strain b13: purification and characterization of 3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coenzyme a (coa) transferase and 3-oxoadipyl-coa thiolase.	the degradation of 3-oxoadipate in pseudomonas sp. strain b13 was investigated and was shown to proceed through 3-oxoadipyl-coenzyme a (coa) to give acetyl-coa and succinyl-coa. 3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coa transferase of strain b13 was purified by heat treatment and chromatography on phenyl-sepharose, mono-q, and superose 6 gels. estimation of the native molecular mass gave a value of 115,000 +/- 5,000 da with a superose 12 column. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions res ...	2002	11741862
characterization of pseudomonas spp. associated with spoilage of gilt-head sea bream stored under various conditions.	the population dynamics of pseudomonads in gilt-head sea bream mediterranean fish (sparus aurata) stored under different conditions were studied. phenotypic analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins were performed to identify a total of 106 pseudomonas strains isolated from s. aurata stored under different temperatures (at 0, 10, and 20 degrees c) and packaging conditions (air and a modified atmosphere of 40% co(2)-30% n(2)-30% o(2)). pseudomon ...	2002	11772610
new degenerate cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides-specific 16s ribosomal dna-targeted oligonucleotide probes reveal high bacterial diversity in river taff epilithon.	river microbial communities play an important role in global nutrient cycles, and aggregated bacteria such as those in epilithic biofilms may be major contributors. in this study the bacterial diversity of river taff epilithon in south wales was investigated. a 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) clone library was constructed and analyzed by partial sequencing of 76 of 347 clones and hybridization with taxon-specific probes. the epilithon was found to be very diverse, with an estimated 59.6% of the bacteri ...	2002	11772628
salt stress proteins induced in listeria monocytogenes.	the ability of listeria monocytogenes to tolerate salt stress is of particular importance, as this pathogen is often exposed to such environments during both food processing and food preservation. in order to understand the survival mechanisms of l. monocytogenes, an initial approach using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed to analyze the pattern of protein synthesis in response to salt stress. of 400 to 500 visible proteins, the synthesis of 40 proteins (p < 0.05) ...	2002	11916660
role of glucose in enhancing the temperature-dependent growth inhibition of escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43895 by a pseudomonas sp.	growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain atcc 43895 was monitored at 5, 10, 15, and 25 degrees c in both pure and mixed (1:1) cultures with a gluconate-producing pseudomonas sp. found in meat to evaluate the effect of the absence and presence of 1% glucose in broth on temperature-dependent competition. the number of colonies of the pseudomonas strain exceeded 9 log cfu/ml under all conditions tested. the pathogen grew better as the temperature increased from 10 to 15 and 25 degrees c and grew b ...	2002	11976143
myeloperoxidase produces nitrating oxidants in vivo.	despite intense interest in pathways that generate reactive nitrogen species, the physiologically relevant mechanisms for inflammatory tissue injury remain poorly understood. one possible mediator is myeloperoxidase, a major constituent of neutrophils, monocytes, and some populations of macrophages. the enzyme uses hydrogen peroxide and nitrite to generate 3-nitrotyrosine in vitro. to determine whether myeloperoxidase produces nitrating intermediates in vivo, we used isotope dilution gas chromat ...	2002	12021246
microtiter plate assay for assessment of listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation.	listeria monocytogenes has the ability to form biofilms on food-processing surfaces, potentially leading to food product contamination. the objective of this research was to standardize a polyvinyl chloride (pvc) microtiter plate assay to compare the ability of l. monocytogenes strains to form biofilms. a total of 31 coded l. monocytogenes strains were grown in defined medium (modified welshimer's broth) at 32 degrees c for 20 and 40 h in pvc microtiter plate wells. biofilm formation was indirec ...	2002	12039754
the cold-active lipase of pseudomonas fragi. heterologous expression, biochemical characterization and molecular modeling.	a recombinant lipase cloned from pseudomonas fragi strain ifo 3458 (pfl) was found to retain significant activity at low temperature. in an attempt to elucidate the structural basis of this behaviour, a model of its three-dimensional structure was built by homology and compared with homologous mesophilic lipases, i.e. the pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase (45% sequence identity) and burkholderia cepacia lipase (38%). in this model, features common to all known lipases have been identified, such as t ...	2002	12084074
yfcx enables medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) formation from fatty acids in recombinant escherichia coli fadb strains.	expression of escherichia coli open reading frame yfcx is shown to be required for medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha(mcl)) formation from fatty acids in an e. coli fadb mutant. the open reading frame encodes a protein, yfcx, with significant similarity to the large subunit of multifunctional beta-oxidation enzymes. e. coli fadb strains modified to contain an inactivated copy of yfcx and to express a medium-chain-length synthase are unable to form pha(mcl)s when grown in the presence ...	2002	12270828
control of pyrimidine synthesis in pseudomonas fragi.	to study the regulation of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes in the food-spoilage agent pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973.	2002	12390485
modeling the lag time of listeria monocytogenes from viable count enumeration and optical density data.	the following two factors significantly influence estimates of the maximum specific growth rate ( micro (max)) and the lag-phase duration (lambda): (i) the technique used to monitor bacterial growth and (ii) the model fitted to estimate parameters. in this study, nine strains of listeria monocytogenes were monitored simultaneously by optical density (od) analysis and by viable count enumeration (vce) analysis. four usual growth models were fitted to our data, and estimates of growth parameters w ...	2002	12450800
microbiological methods for testing disinfectant efficiency on pseudomonas biofilm.	biofilms of the gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fragi were grown on stainless steel surfaces (aisi 304, 2b) for 4 days in slime broth. these biofilms were treated with four commercial disinfectants. the disinfectants were alcohol-based, tenside-based, peroxide-based and chlorine-based products, covering most disinfectant types used in the food industry. the effects of the disinfectants on the bacterial cells were first investigated in suspension using the permeabili ...	2001	11084307
effect of exogenous siderophores on iron uptake activity of marine bacteria under iron-limited conditions.	more than 60% of species examined from a total of 421 strains of heterotrophic marine bacteria which were isolated from marine sponges and seawater were observed to have no detectable siderophore production even when fe(iii) was present in the culture medium at a concentration of 1.0 pm. the growth of one such non-siderophore-producing strain, alpha proteobacterium v0210, was stimulated under iron-limited conditions with the addition of an isolated exogenous siderophore, n,n'-bis (2,3-dihydroxyb ...	2001	11282625
attachment of bacteria to beef from steam-pasteurized carcasses.	the extent to which a bacterial cocktail containing equal numbers of pseudomonas fragi nctc 10689, listeria monocytogenes bl5/2, salmonella typhimurium lt2, and escherichia coli jm 109 attached to loin surface cuts (7 by 5 cm) derived from steam-pasteurized beef carcasses has been evaluated. the extent of attachment was categorized as loosely attached (removed by rinsing), firmly attached (released by stomaching), and irreversibly bound. no significant difference (p > 0.10) in the attachment of ...	2001	11307885
shewanella putrefaciens adhesion and biofilm formation on food processing surfaces.	laboratory model systems were developed for studying shewanella putrefaciens adhesion and biofilm formation under batch and flow conditions. s. putrefaciens plays a major role in food spoilage and may cause microbially induced corrosion on steel surfaces. s. putrefaciens bacteria suspended in buffer adhered readily to stainless steel surfaces. maximum numbers of adherent bacteria per square centimeter were reached in 8 h at 25 degrees c and reflected the cell density in suspension. numbers of ad ...	2001	11319118
genetic characterization and evolutionary implications of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader pseudomonas sp. strain ca10.	the nucleotide sequences of the 27,939-bp-long upstream and 9,448-bp-long downstream regions of the caraaaababbcac(orf7)ad genes of carbazole-degrading pseudomonas sp. strain ca10 were determined. thirty-two open reading frames (orfs) were identified, and the car gene cluster was consequently revealed to consist of 10 genes (caraaaababbcacaddfe) encoding the enzymes for the three-step conversion of carbazole to anthranilate and the degradation of 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. the high identities ...	2001	11371531
role of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis in polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) and rhamnolipid synthesis by pseudomonads: establishment of the transacylase (phag)-mediated pathway for pha biosynthesis in escherichia coli.	since pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) and rhamnolipids, which contain lipid moieties that are derived from fatty acid biosynthesis, we investigated various fab mutants from p. aeruginosa with respect to biosynthesis of phas and rhamnolipids. all isogenic faba, fabb, fabi, rhlg, and phag mutants from p. aeruginosa showed decreased pha accumulation and rhamnolipid production. in the phag (encoding transacylase) mutant rhamnolipid production was o ...	2001	11425728
altered protein expression of streptococcus oralis cultured at low ph revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.	streptococcus oralis is the predominant aciduric nonmutans streptococcus isolated from the human dentition, but the role of this organism in the initiation and progression of dental caries has yet to be established. to identify proteins that are differentially expressed by s. oralis growing under conditions of low ph, soluble cellular proteins extracted from bacteria grown in batch culture at ph 5.2 or 7.0 were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. thirty-nine proteins had alter ...	2001	11472910
continuous recording of long-chain acyl-coenzyme a synthetase activity using fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin.	the fluorescence-based long-chain fatty acid probe bsa-hca (bovine serum albumin labeled with 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid) is shown to respond to binding of long-chain acyl-coa thioesters by quenching of the 450 nm fluorescence emission. as determined by spectrofluorometric titration, binding affinities for palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, and oleoyl-coa (kd = 0.2-0.4 microm) are 5-10 times lower than those for the corresponding nonesterified fatty acids. in the presence of detergent (chaps, triton x- ...	2001	11476543
low-temperature lipase from psychrotrophic pseudomonas sp. strain kb700a.	we have previously reported that a psychrotrophic bacterium, pseudomonas sp. strain kb700a, which displays sigmoidal growth even at -5 degrees c, produced a lipase. a genomic dna library of strain kb700a was introduced into escherichia coli tg1, and screening on tributyrin-containing agar plates led to the isolation of the lipase gene. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (kb-lip) consisting of 1,422 nucleotides that encoded a protein (kb-lip) of 474 amino acids with a molecular mass ...	2001	11526006
the differential adherence capabilities of two listeria monocytogenes strains in monoculture and multispecies biofilms as a function of temperature.	to determine the differential adherence capabilities at three different temperatures of listeria monocytogenes scott a, a clinical food pathogen, and l. monocytogenes fm876, a persistent strain from a milk-processing environment, to stainless steel.	2001	11559409
combined effects of nacl, naoh, and biocides (monolaurin or lauric acid) on inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas spp.	this study highlighted combinations of chemical stresses that could decrease or eliminate listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas spp. surviving in food processing plants. strains of l. monocytogenes, pseudomonas fragi, and pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from processing environments (meat and milk) were grown at 20 degrees c up to the early stationary phase. the strains were then subjected to 30 min of physicochemical treatments. these treatments included individual or combined acid (acetic aci ...	2001	11563526
lipase and its modulator from pseudomonas sp. strain kfcc 10818: proline-to-glutamine substitution at position 112 induces formation of enzymatically active lipase in the absence of the modulator.	a lipase gene, lipk, and a lipase modulator gene, limk, of pseudomonas sp. strain kfcc 10818 have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the limk gene is located immediately downstream of the lipk gene. enzymatically active lipase was produced only in the presence of the limk gene. the effect of the lipase modulator limk on the expression of active lipase was similar to those of the pseudomonas subfamily i.1 and i.2 lipase-specific foldases (lifs). the deduced amino acid sequ ...	2001	11566993
accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid containing large amounts of unsaturated monomers in pseudomonas fluorescens bm07 utilizing saccharides and its inhibition by 2-bromooctanoic acid.	a psychrotrophic bacterium, pseudomonas fluorescens bm07, which is able to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) containing large amounts of 3-hydroxy-cis-5-dodecenoate unit up to 35 mol% in the cell from unrelated substrates such as fructose, succinate, etc., was isolated from an activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. when it was grown on heptanoic acid (c(7)) to hexadecanoic acid (c(16)) as the sole carbon source, the monomer compositional characteristics of the synthe ...	2001	11679314
synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate in the peroxisome of saccharomyces cerevisiae by using intermediates of fatty acid beta-oxidation.	medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are polyesters having properties of biodegradable thermoplastics and elastomers that are naturally produced by a variety of pseudomonads. saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with the pseudomonas aeruginosa phac1 synthase modified for peroxisome targeting by the addition of the carboxyl 34 amino acids from the brassica napus isocitrate lyase. the phac1 gene was put under the control of the promoter of the catalase a gene. pha synthase expressi ...	2001	11679353
assignment of pseudomonas sp. strain e-3 to pseudomonas psychrophila sp. nov., a new facultatively psychrophilic bacterium.	a facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, previously described as pseudomonas sp. strain e-3, has been reassigned by phenotypic characterization, chemotaxonomic analysis, dna-dna hybridization, and 16s rrna gene phylogenetic analysis. the organism was a gram-negative, aerobic. straight rod with polar flagella. it was catalase positive and oxidase positive, able to grow at -1 degree c but not at 40 degree c, and produced acid from d-glucose under aerobic conditions. the major isoprenoid quinone wa ...	2001	11699648
antimicrobial actions of degraded and native chitosan against spoilage organisms in laboratory media and foods.	the objective of this study was to determine whether chitosan (poly-beta-1,4-glucosamine) and hydrolysates of chitosan can be used as novel preservatives in foods. chitosan was hydrolyzed by using oxidative-reductive degradation, crude papaya latex, and lysozyme. mild hydrolysis of chitosan resulted in improved microbial inactivation in saline and greater inhibition of growth of several spoilage yeasts in laboratory media, but highly degraded products of chitosan exhibited no antimicrobial activ ...	2000	10618206
effect of temperature on stability and activity of elongation factor 2 proteins from antarctic and thermophilic methanogens.	despite the presence and abundance of archaea in low-temperature environments, little information is available regarding their physiological and biochemical properties. in order to investigate the adaptation of archaeal proteins to low temperatures, we purified and characterized the elongation factor 2 (ef-2) protein from the antarctic methanogen methanococcoides burtonii, which was expressed in escherichia coli, and compared it to the recombinant ef-2 protein from a phylogenetically related the ...	2000	10671454
production of pectate lyases and cellulases by chryseomonas luteola strain mfcl0 depends on the growth temperature and the nature of the culture medium: evidence for two critical temperatures.	several extracellular enzymes that are responsible for plant tissue maceration were detected in culture supernatant of the psychrotrophic bacterium chryseomonas luteola mfcl0. isoelectrofocusing experiments showed that pectate lyase (pl) activity resulted from the cumulative action of three major isoenzymes, designated pli, plii, and pliii. cellulolytic activity was also detected in culture supernatants. these enzymes exhibited different behaviors with respect to growth temperature. plii was not ...	2000	10742239
the growth and resistance to sodium hypochlorite of listeria monocytogenes in a steady-state multispecies biofilm.	a constant-depth film fermenter (cdff) was used to culture a steady-state multispecies biofilm consisting of one strain each of listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas fragi and staphylococcus xylosus. these bacteria were initially grown together in a conventional chemostat to achieve a steady state before being inoculated into the cdff over an 18-h period. a dilute tryptone soya broth (tsb) medium was supplied to the cdff and the biofilm allowed to develop over a 28-d period. this mature biofilm wa ...	2000	10747232
phag-mediated synthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) consisting of medium-chain-length constituents from nonrelated carbon sources in recombinant pseudomonas fragi.	recently, a new metabolic link between fatty acid de novo biosynthesis and biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxy-alkanoate) consisting of medium-chain-length constituents (c(6) to c(14)) (pha(mcl)), catalyzed by the 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:coa transacylase (phag), has been identified in pseudomonas putida (b. h. a. rehm, n. krüger, and a. steinbüchel, j. biol. chem. 273:24044-24051, 1998). to establish this pha-biosynthetic pathway in a non-pha-accumulating bacterium, we functionally c ...	2000	10788390
transient sensitivity to nisin in cold-shocked gram negatives.	rapid chilling in the presence of nisin caused a dose-dependent reduction in the populations of several gram-negative bacteria, despite the fact that appreciable structural injury to the outer membrane was not detected. pseudomonas aeruginosa was most affected, followed by pseudomonas fragi, salmonella enteritidis pt4, pt7 and escherichia coli, respectively. addition of nisin after the chilling treatment had no effect. the results are ascribed to a transient susceptibility caused by phase change ...	2000	10972735
bacterial phosphating of mild (unalloyed) steel.	mild (unalloyed) steel electrodes were incubated in phosphate-buffered cultures of aerobic, biofilm-forming rhodococcus sp. strain c125 and pseudomonas putida mt2. a resulting surface reaction leading to the formation of a corrosion-inhibiting vivianite layer was accompanied by a characteristic electrochemical potential (e) curve. first, e increased slightly due to the interaction of phosphate with the iron oxides covering the steel surface. subsequently, e decreased rapidly and after 1 day reac ...	2000	11010888
application of polynomial models to predict growth of mixed cultures of pseudomonas spp. and listeria in meat.	three models for one rapid and one slow growing strain of pseudomonas fragi and one slow growing strain of p. fluorescens were developed in a meat broth; they were designed to take account of variations in growth and to provide a growth response interval. these models, and another for listeria monocytogenes (lm14 model), were used to predict the growth of spoilage pseudomonas spp. and pathogenic listeria in meat products. the pseudomonas and listeria models provided satisfactory predictions conc ...	2000	11028957
analysis of the alternative pathways for the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids using transgenic plants synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates in peroxisomes.	degradation of fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons requires the presence of auxiliary enzymes in addition to the enzymes of the core beta-oxidation cycle. two alternative pathways have been described to degrade these fatty acids. one pathway involves the participation of the enzymes 2, 4-dienoyl-coenzyme a (coa) reductase and delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-coa isomerase, whereas the second involves the epimerization of r-3-hydroxyacyl-coa via a 3-hydroxyacyl-coa epimerase or th ...	2000	11080293
oppa of listeria monocytogenes, an oligopeptide-binding protein required for bacterial growth at low temperature and involved in intracellular survival.	we identified a new oligopeptide permease operon in the pathogen listeria monocytogenes. this opp operon consists of five genes (oppa, oppb, oppc, oppd, and oppf) and displays the same genetic organization as those of several bacterial species. the first gene of this operon, oppa, encodes a 62-kda protein sharing 33% identity with oppa of bacillus subtilis and is expressed predominantly during exponential growth. the function of oppa was studied by constructing an oppa deletion mutant. the pheno ...	2000	11083832
search and discovery strategies for biotechnology: the paradigm shift.	profound changes are occurring in the strategies that biotechnology-based industries are deploying in the search for exploitable biology and to discover new products and develop new or improved processes. the advances that have been made in the past decade in areas such as combinatorial chemistry, combinatorial biosynthesis, metabolic pathway engineering, gene shuffling, and directed evolution of proteins have caused some companies to consider withdrawing from natural product screening. in this ...	2000	10974127
estimating bacterial growth parameters by means of detection times.	we developed a new numerical method to estimate bacterial growth parameters by means of detection times generated by different initial counts. the observed detection times are subjected to a transformation involving the (unknown) maximum specific growth rate and the (known) ratios between the different inoculum sizes and the constant detectable level of counts. we present an analysis of variance (anova) protocol based on a theoretical result according to which, if the specific rate used for the ...	1999	9925608
construction of environmental dna libraries in escherichia coli and screening for the presence of genes conferring utilization of 4-hydroxybutyrate.	environmental dna libraries from three different soil samples were constructed. the average insert size was 5 to 8 kb and the percentage of plasmids with inserts was approximately 80%. the recombinant escherichia coli strains (approximately 930,000) were screened for 4-hydroxybutyrate utilization. thirty-six positive e. coli clones were obtained during the initial screen, and five of them contained a recombinant plasmid (pah1 to pah5) which conferred a stable 4-hydroxybutyrate-positive phenotype ...	1999	10473393
amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of pseudomonas strains from a poultry processing plant.	molecular typing has been used previously to identify and trace dissemination of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with food processing. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) is a novel dna fingerprinting technique which is considered highly reproducible and has high discriminatory power. this technique was used to fingerprint 88 pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas putida strains that were previously isolated from plate counts of carcasses at six processing stages and vario ...	1999	10473382
acyl-coa synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine hexaphosphate (ap6a).	the synthesis of diadenosine hexaphosphate (ap6a), a potent vasoconstrictor, is catalyzed by acyl-coa synthetase from pseudomonas fragi. in a first step amp is transferred from atp to tetrapolyphosphate (p4) originating adenosine pentaphosphate (p5a) which, subsequently, is the acceptor of another amp moiety from atp generating diadenosine hexaphosphate (ap6a). diadenosine pentaphosphate (ap5a) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) were also synthesized in the course of the reaction. in view of ...	1999	10385004
effect of growth temperature on hydrolytic and esterifying activities from pseudomonas fragi crda 037 grown on whey	the production of hydrolytic and esterifying activities of pseudomonas fragi crda 037 grown on a whey-based medium was investigated at different temperatures over time. the optimal temperature was found to be critical and different for the production of both activities. the highest hydrolytic activity was detected with bacteria cultivated at between 24 degrees c (149.2 u/liter) and 27 degrees c (133.8 u/liter), while the highest production of ethyl valerate (esterifying activity) was observed by ...	1999	10388711
differential protein expression by pseudomonas fragi submitted to various stresses.	we have analyzed the impact of various stressing conditions on the physiological and molecular responses of the main psychrotrophic spoilage bacterium of refrigerated meat and meat products, pseudomonas fragi. a survival study using conventional plating was first performed to select the stressing agents and parameters. some of these mimicked cleaning-disinfection processes but with less drastic conditions in order to keep alive enough bacterial cells for the protein expression characterization. ...	1999	10493125
inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms on steel with antimicrobial peptides generated in situ.	in batch and continuous fermentations, the reduction in corrosion of sae 1018 mild steel and 304 stainless steel caused by inhibition of the reference sulfate-reducing bacterium (srb) desulfovibrio vulgaris by a protective, antimicrobial-producing bacillus brevis biofilm was investigated. the presence of d. vulgaris produced a thick black precipitate on mild steel and a higher corrosion rate in batch cultures than that seen in a mono-culture of non-antimicrobial-producing pseudomonas fragi k upo ...	1999	10499267
effect of milk proteins on adhesion of bacteria to stainless steel surfaces.	stainless steel coupons were treated with skim milk and subsequently challenged with individual bacterial suspensions of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fragi, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and serratia marcescens. the numbers of attached bacteria were determined by direct epifluorescence microscopy and compared with the attachment levels on clean stainless steel with two different surface finishes. skim milk was found to reduce adhesion of s. aureus, l. monocytogenes, and s. marc ...	1999	10508087
pathogenic yersinia species carry a novel, cold-inducible major cold shock protein tandem gene duplication producing both bicistronic and monocistronic mrna.	inverse pcr was used to amplify major cold shock protein (mcsp) gene families from a diverse range of bacteria, including the psychrotolerant yersinia enterocolitica, which was found to have two almost identical mcsp coding regions (cspa1 and cspa2) located approximately 300 bp apart. this tandem gene duplication was also found in y. pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. ruckeri but not in other bacteria. analysis of the transcriptional regulation of this mcsp gene in y. enterocolitica, performe ...	1999	10515936
axenic aerobic biofilms inhibit corrosion of copper and aluminum.	the corrosion behavior of unalloyed copper and aluminum alloy 2024 in modified baar's medium has been studied with continuous reactors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. an axenic aerobic biofilm of either pseudomonas fragi k or bacillus brevis 18 was able to lessen corrosion as evidenced by a consistent 20-fold increase in the low-frequency impedance value of copper as well as by a consistent four- to seven-fold increase in the polarization resistance of aluminum 2024 after six days ...	1999	10616712
utilization of oligopeptides by listeria monocytogenes scott a.	for effective utilization of peptides, listeria monocytogenes possesses two different peptide transport systems. the first one is the previously described proton motive force (pmf)-driven di- and tripeptide transport system (a. verheul, a. hagting, m.-r. amezaga, i. r. booth, f. m. rombouts, and t. abee, appl. environ. microbiol, 61:226-233, 1995). the present results reveal that l. monocytogenes possesses an oligopeptide transport system, presumably requiring atp rather than the pmf as the driv ...	1998	9501445
identification of pseudomonads from fresh and chill-stored chicken carcasses.	results of carbon source assimilation tests (17 carbon compounds) led to 88% of pseudomonads from cold-stored chicken carcasses being assigned to one of 17 groups. of these groups, 13 had combinations of properties identical to, or with readily recognizable degrees of similarity to those of published species/biovars. two of the four groups having carbon assimilation patterns dissimilar to any known species had cellular fatty acid composition corresponding to pseudomonas fluorescens, and two to p ...	1998	9553797
growth of pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas fragi in a meat medium as affected by ph (5.8-7.0), water activity (0.97-1.00) and temperature (7-25 degrees c).	a total of 59 strains of pseudomonas, isolated from meat products, were grown in micro-titer plates in a meat medium over a range of ph (5.8-7.0), alpha w (0.97-1.00) and temperature (7-25 degrees c). growths were performed in a meat broth with an automated turbidimeter (bioscreen c, labsystem, france). the growth curves obtained in this study did not have sigmoidal shapes making it impossible to calculate growth parameters using the gompertz equation. the medium was weakly oxygenated in the mic ...	1998	9562876
acyl coenzyme a synthetase from pseudomonas fragi catalyzes the synthesis of adenosine 5'-polyphosphates and dinucleoside polyphosphates.	acyl coenzyme a (coa) synthetase (ec 6.2.1.8) from pseudomonas fragi catalyzes the synthesis of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (p4a) and adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate (p5a) from atp and tri- or tetrapolyphosphate, respectively. datp, adenosine-5'-o-[gamma-thiotriphosphate] (atp gamma s), adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (ap4a), and adenosine(5')pentaphospho(5')adenosine (ap5a) are also substrates of the reaction yielding p4(d)a in the presence of tripolyphosphate (p3). utp, ctp, and amp are not ...	1998	9620965
characterization of axenic pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli biofilms that inhibit corrosion of sae 1018 steel.	corrosion inhibition of sae 1018 steel by pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli biofilms has been evaluated using batch cultures in rich medium (lb) and seawater-mimicking medium (vnss) at 23 degrees c and 30 degrees c with or without daily medium replenishment. biofilm components have been stained simultaneously for polysaccharide (calcofluor) and live and dead cells (live/dead baclit viability kit) and visualized using confocal scanning laser microscopy (cslm). image analysis was used to quan ...	1998	9633647
volatile components associated with bacterial spoilage of tropical prawns.	analysis of headspace volatiles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from king (penaeus plebejus), banana (p. merguiensis), tiger (p. esculentus/semisulcatus) and greasy (metapenaeus bennettae) prawns stored in ice or ice slurry, which is effectively an environment of low oxygen tension, indicated the presence of amines at the early stages of storage (less than 8 days) irrespective of the nature of the storage media. esters were more prevalent in prawns stored on ice (normal oxygen conditions ...	1998	9706797
antimicrobial properties of human lysozyme transgenic mouse milk.	the antimicrobial properties of standard human lysozyme and the milk of transgenic mice expressing human lysozyme were investigated using bacterial strains important to the dairy industry. standard human lysozyme was found to be effective at significantly slowing the growth of the milk cold-spoilage organism pseudomonas fragi (p < 0.001), of a clinical isolate of the mastitis-causing organism staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.005), and a nonpathogenic strain of e. coli (p < 0.05). milk from transgeni ...	1998	9708253
a small, dilute-cytoplasm, high-affinity, novel bacterium isolated by extinction culture and having kinetic constants compatible with growth at ambient concentrations of dissolved nutrients in seawater.	dilutions of raw seawater produced a bacterial isolate capable of extended growth in unamended seawater. its 2.9-mb genome size and 40-fg dry mass were similar to values for many naturally occurring aquatic organotrophs, but water and dna comprised a large portion of this small chemoheterotroph, as compared to escherichia coli. the isolate used only a few aromatic hydrocarbons and acetate, and glucose and amino acid incorporation were entirely absent, although many membrane and cytoplasmic prote ...	1998	9797308
genetic characterization and heterologous expression of brochocin-c, an antibotulinal, two-peptide bacteriocin produced by brochothrix campestris atcc 43754.	brochocin-c, produced by brochothrix campestris atcc 43754, is active against many strains of the closely related meat spoilage organism brochothrix thermosphacta and a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria, including spores of clostridium botulinum. purification of the active compound and genetic characterization of brochocin-c revealed that it is a chromosomally encoded, two-peptide nonlantibiotic bacteriocin. both peptides of brochocin-c are ribosomally synthesized as prepeptides that ar ...	1998	9835559
light chain-associated amyloid deposits comprised of a novel kappa constant domain.	light chain-associated amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition as fibrils of monoclonal light chain-related components consisting predominately of the variable domain (vl) or the vl plus up to approximately 60 residues of the constant domain (cl). here, we describe a patient (designated bif) with light chain-associated amyloidosis and kappa bence jones proteinuria in whom, notably, >80% of the amyloid deposits were comprised of cl-related material. the extracted amyloid protein consisted ...	1998	9689117
adherence to stainless steel by foodborne microorganisms during growth in model food systems.	biofilm formation on stainless steel by salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas fragi and pseudomonas fluorescens during growth in model food systems was studied. test growth media included tryptic soy broth (tsb), diluted tsb (dtsb), 1% reconstituted skim milk (rsm) and diluted meat juice (dmj). adherent cells were stained with acridine orange and enumerated using epifluorescent microscopy and computerized image analysis. cells were observed on the ...	1997	9310849
the cold shock response of the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi involves four low-molecular-mass nucleic acid-binding proteins.	the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi was subjected to cold shocks from 30 or 20 to 5 degrees c. the downshifts were followed by a lag phase before growth resumed at a characteristic 5 degrees c growth rate. the analysis of protein patterns by two-dimentional gel electrophoresis revealed overexpression of 25 or 17 proteins and underexpression of 12 proteins following the 30- or 20-to-5 degrees c shift, respectively. the two downshifts shared similar variations of synthesis of 20 protein ...	1997	9393697
reconstitution, morphology and crystallization of a fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex from pseudomonas fragi.	the fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex from pseudomonas fragi, hdt, exhibits predominantly the three enzymic activities of 2-enoyl-coa hydratase (ec 4.2.1.17), 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.35) and 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase (ec 2.3.1.16). the hdt complex is encoded by the faoab operon, consisting of the faoa and faob genes that encode two individual constituents, the alpha-subunit and the beta-subunit. we have constructed escherichia coli overexpression systems for the faoab ...	1997	9396725
isolation and identification of antimicrobial furocoumarins from parsley.	photoactive furocoumarins extracted from four varieties of fresh and freeze-dried parsley leaves inhibited a dna repair-deficient escherichia coli in a photobiological assay. using media-modified assays, the human pathogens e. coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes, the spoilage microorganism erwinia carotovora, and listeria innocua were also inhibited. pseudomonas fragi was not inhibited. minimum concentrations of forest green parsley powder in agar which showed inhibition ranged from 0.12% to ...	1997	10465045
the gene for albicidin detoxification from pantoea dispersa encodes an esterase and attenuates pathogenicity of xanthomonas albilineans to sugarcane.	albicidin phytotoxins are pathogenicity factors in a devastating disease of sugarcane known as leaf scald, caused by xanthomonas albilineans. a gene (albd) from pantoea dispersa has been cloned and sequenced and been shown to code for a peptide of 235 amino acids that detoxifies albicidin. the gene shows no significant homology at the dna or protein level to any known sequence, but the gene product contains a gxsxg motif that is conserved in serine hydrolases. the albd protein, purified to homog ...	1997	9275238
axenic aerobic biofilms inhibit corrosion of sae 1018 steel through oxygen depletion.	corrosion inhibition of sae 1018 steel by pure-culture biofilms of pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli dh5 alpha has been evaluated in complex luria-bertani medium, seawater-mimicking medium, and modified baar's medium at 30 degrees c. in batch cultures, both bacteria inhibited corrosion three to six fold compared to sterile controls, and the corrosion was comparable to that observed in anaerobic sterile media. to corroborate this result, a continuous reactor and electrochemical impedance spe ...	1997	9274042
a new inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	the mitochondrial enoyl-coa hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-coa thiolase trifunctional protein (trifunctional protein) plays a major role in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. the enzyme complex consists of four molecules of alpha-subunit containing both hydratase and dehydrogenase domains and four molecules of beta-subunit containing the thiolase domain. the primary structure of a gastrin-binding protein (gbp) was highly homologous to that of the alpha-subunit of the trifu ...	1996	8827458
effect of different temperature upshifts on protein synthesis by the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi	pseudomonas fragi, a psychrotroph bacterium involved in meat product spoilage, was shifted either from 5degrees to 20degreesc or 30degreesc and from 28degrees to 34degreesc. the heat-shocked cells in the mid-log phase rapidly reached the characteristic growth rate of the postshock temperature. the patterns of synthesized proteins were compared by autoradiography of two-dimensional gel electrophoregrams. the rates of synthesis, after transfer of cells from 5degrees to 30degreesc, 5degrees to 20de ...	1996	8661683
acquisition of iron by the non-siderophore-producing pseudomonas fragi.	the iron requirement, siderophore production and iron uptake mechanisms of the type strain pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973 and five p. fragi isolates from meat were analysed. the strains exhibited a high sensitivity to iron starvation: their growth was strongly inhibited in medium supplemented with the iron chelator ethylenediamine di(hydroxyphenylacetic acid) or in medium treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline to remove contaminating iron. no siderophores were detectable in the growth supernatants of iron ...	1996	8704960
characterization of an alkaline lipase from proteus vulgaris k80 and the dna sequence of the encoding gene.	a facultatively anaerobic bacterium producing an extracellular alkaline lipase was isolated from the soil collected near a sewage disposal plant in korea and identified to be a strain of proteus vulgaris. the molecular mass of the purified lipase k80 was estimated to be 31 kda by sds-page. it was found to be an alkaline enzyme having maximum hydrolytic activity at ph 10, while fairly stable in a wide ph range from 5 to 11. the gene for lipase k80 was cloned in escherichia coli. sequence analysis ...	1996	8598267
attributes of microbial associations of meat growing as xenic batch cultures in a meat juice at 4 degrees c.	strains of gram-positive (carnobacterium piscicola, leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, brochothrix thermosphacta) and gram-negative (pseudomonas fragi and hafnia alvei) bacteria isolated from minced lamb packaged under a modified atmosphere were cultivated in a meat (lamb) juice at 4 degrees c. carbohydrates were catabolised in the order glucose > glucose 6-phosphate during the development of the population. under an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide the gram-negative portion ...	1995	7488524
spoilage bacteria of fresh broiler chicken carcasses.	studies were conducted to identify the bacteria responsible for spoilage of fresh broiler chicken carcasses and to characterize the off-odors these bacteria produce. broiler carcasses were collected from processing plants in the northeast georgia area, the southeastern u.s., arkansas, california, and north carolina. the carcasses were allowed to spoil under controlled conditions at 3 c and spoilage bacteria were isolated. each spoilage bacterium was separately inoculated into a sterile chicken s ...	1995	8825595
isolation of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein in a soluble form by protease digestion.	the hemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein was isolated in a soluble form by digesting measles virus particles with an endoproteinase, asp-n (from a pseudomonas fragi mutant). digestion of h with asp-n brought about glycopeptides in three different forms, depending on the cleaving site: ahd, which has an m(r) of 66,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and which formed a disulfide-linked homodimer with an m(r) of 132,000, and two monomeric digestion products, ahm ...	1995	7983748
lipase from pseudomonas fragi crda 323: partial purification, characterization and interesterification of butter fat.	several strains of pseudomonas were screened for lipase production using the rhodamine agar diffusion test. on the basis of the diameter of the halo produced, p. fragi crda 323 and p. putida atcc 795 were considered to be good and weak lipase producers respectively. p. fragi, cultured in a 2-l fermenter, produced a maximal amount of lipase after 3-4 days of incubation at 27 degrees c. the lipase extract of p. fragi was obtained by acidification of culture supernatant at ph 4.0 and partially puri ...	1995	7766135
lactic acid inhibition of the growth of spoilage bacteria and cold tolerant pathogens on pork.	the antibacterial effects of a 3% solution of lactic acid at 55 degrees c were assessed, by examining aerobic bacterial growth on artificially-inoculated pork fat and lean tissue. discs of fat or lean tissues, each of 10 cm2 surface area, were aseptically excised from pork longissimus dorsi muscle and inoculated with the cold tolerant pathogens listeria monocytogenes 4b scott a no. 3, yersinia enterocolitica 0:4,32 or aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966, or with the wild type spoilage bacteria pseudo ...	1995	7547145
metabolic activities of pseudomonads in batch cultures in extract of minced lamb.	pseudomonas fragi, ps. lundensis and ps. fluorescens were studied in axenic batch cultures growing in a lamb juice (ph 6.0) aerobically or in an atmosphere (ps. fragi only) enriched with carbon dioxide at 4 degrees c. with all but a glucose dehydrogenase-deficient strain of ps. fluorescens there was a sequential catabolism of glucose and lactate. diauxic growth was observed in a nutrient-deficient meat juice supplemented with glucose and lactate. a transient peak in the concentration of gluconat ...	1994	7822220
a sensitive assay of acyl-coenzyme a oxidase by coupling with beta-oxidation multienzyme complex.	a highly sensitive and reliable method for assaying acyl-coa oxidase (ec 1.3.99.3) activity was developed. an acyl-coa oxidase-dependent [1-14c]palmitoyl-coa degradation to acetyl-coa, acid-soluble products, was measured by coupling with the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation from pseudomonas fragi. the activity, more than 2 pmol/min, could be assessed using this method. the activity was dependent on the coupling enzyme (multienzyme complex), coenzymes such as nad+ and coa, and oxygen, ...	1994	7810878
transcription of the faoab operon which encodes the hdt multienzyme complex involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771.	transcription of the two clustered genes, faoa and faob, for the multienzyme complex for fatty acid beta-oxidation (hdt) from the gram-negative bacterium, pseudomonas fragi, was investigated. northern blot hybridization and primer extension analysis indicated that these genes comprised an operon, giving a 3.6 kb mrna. transcription of the 3.6 kb faoab mrna was induced by palmitic acid. using the lacz gene as a reporter gene for a promoter activity search, the essential region for induction of th ...	1994	8206878
application of the random amplified polymorphic dna using the polymerase chain reaction for efficient elimination of duplicate strains in microbial screening. iii. bacteria.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was evaluated for the selection and elimination of bacterial strains used in microbial screening. for this pilot study we used eight bacterial strains producing fragin and two pseudomonas fragi strains, which are often isolated during the screening. a dendrogram constructed by the statistical analysis using parsimony, paup, based on the band patterns of rapd with primer r28 was in good correlation with the results of dna-dna hybridization, hplc an ...	1994	8150715
isolation from food sources, of lactic acid bacteria that produced antimicrobials.	the potential of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from a variety of foods, to inhibit indicators representative of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with food products was examined. fruit and vegetables were a poor source of lactic acid bacteria but large numbers were readily isolated on mrs agar from cheese, milk and meat samples. approximately 1000 isolates from each of the food samples were examined by the deferred antagonism procedure to determine their ability to inhibit staphylococ ...	1994	8144413
effect of growth temperatures on the protein levels in a psychrotrophic bacterium, pseudomonas fragi.	pseudomonas fragi has the ability to grow between 0 and 35 degrees c and grows optimally at 30 degrees c. cellular proteins from mid-log-phase cells growing from 4 to 34 degrees c were labeled with l-[35s]methionine during 1 generation time and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the electrophoretic patterns revealed differences in the patterns of protein synthesis over this temperature span. a qualitative comparison of cellular proteins led to their separation into five thermal cla ...	1994	8021184
effect of chitosan in meat preservation.	the effect of chitosan in meat preservation, including microbiological, chemical, sensory and color qualities, was examined. in liquid medium, chitosan (0·01%) inhibited the growth of some spoilage bacteria such as bacillus subtilis ifo 3025, escherichia coli rb, pseudomonas fragi ifo 3458 and staphylococcus aureus iam 1011. at higher concentrations (0·1 and 1·0%) it inhibited the growth of the meat starter cultures, lactobacillus plantarium iam 1216, pediococcus pentosaceus iam 12296 and microc ...	1994	22059662
use of long-chain fatty acid-coa ligase (amp-forming) from pseudomonas fragi for the 'in vitro' synthesis of natural penicillins.	five different naturally occurring penicillins containing as side chains hexanoic, trans-3-hexenoic, heptanoic, octanoic or trans-3-octenoic acids have been synthesized 'in vitro' by coupling long-chain fatty acid-coa ligase (amp-forming) (ec 6.2.1.3) from pseudomonas fragi (lfcoa-l) with acyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase (at) from penicillium chrysogenum. the quantity of penicillin produced was directly related with the carbon length of the side chain precursor tested, being ma ...	1992	1327953
destruction of bacteria on fresh meat by hot water.	strains of different bacterial genera; escherichia coli (7), salmonella serotypes (7), enteropathogenic e. coli o 157 (2), aeromonas hydrophila (4), yersinia enterocolytica (1), pseudomonas fragi (5), and listeria monocytogenes (5), inoculated onto the surface tissues of pieces of fresh beef were found to be susceptible to the lethal action of hot water. on average, more than 3 log10 (99.9%) of these organisms were destroyed when water at 80 degrees c was applied for 10 or 20 s. therefore, a hot ...	1992	1468533
induction of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771 cells grown in media supplemented with fatty acid.	induction of the enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771 cells grown in a medium containing straight chain saturated fatty acids was studied. the acyl-coa dehydrogenase (acdh) activity was induced during the exponential phase in cells grown in palmitic acid-supplemented medium, reached a maximum at the early stationary phase, and then gradually decreased thereafter. changes in the overall activities of 2-enoyl-coa hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, b ...	1992	1607360
primary structures of the genes, faoa and faob, from pseudomonas fragi b-0771 which encode the two subunits of the hdt multienzyme complex involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.	three enzyme activities involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, i.e., those of enoyl-coa hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, and 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase, are exhibited by one multienzyme complex (hdt) composed of two molecules each of two peptides in pseudomonas fragi. using specific antisera against the two subunits of hdt, we isolated the genes encoding the subunits of hdt and designated them "faoa" (for the alpha-subunit) and "faob" (for the beta-subunit). their complete nucleotide sequ ...	1992	1607366
numerical taxonomy of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonfermentative bacteria isolated during chilled storage of lamb carcasses.	a numerical taxonomic study using 75 characters was performed with 132 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonfermentative bacteria selected on the basis of lack of motility and gram reaction among 1,200 cultures isolated during aerobic storage of lamb carcasses. at the 80% similarity level (ssm), eight clusters were formed. strains in clusters 1 to 6 could be identified as members of the family moraxellaceae and, more specifically, as members of the psychrobacter-[moraxella] phenylpyruvica sub ...	1992	1637162
production of proteases by psychrotrophic microorganisms.	six milk-derived psychrotrophic microbial cultures were screened for the ability to grow at refrigerated temperatures and produce proteases in reconstituted skim milk. of these, two cultures, pseudomonas fluorescens m3/6 and pseudomonas fragi k122, produced extracellular protease(s) beginning 7 d postinoculation when the cultures had entered late log or early stationary phases of growth. further work with these two cultures showed that intracellular proteases were present after only 20-h incubat ...	1991	1744258
the behavior of selected microorganisms during the manufacture of high moisture jack cheeses from ultrafiltered milk.	whole milk was pasteurized and concentrated two times by ultrafiltration. starter cultures, lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, were propagated in either reconstituted skim milk, two times uf retentate, or uf permeate, or a direct vat system was used for the starter culture. the cheese milk was simultaneously inoculated with starter culture and pseudomonas fragi 4973, staphylococcus aureus 196e, and salmonella typhimurium var. hillfarm. control whole milk, uf con ...	1991	1779045
structure of the glycocalyx polysaccharide of pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973.	the structure of the exocellular glycocalyx polysaccharide of pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973, a bacterium implicated in the spoilage of meat, has been determined using hydrolysis, methylation analysis and 1d- and 2d-n.m.r. spectroscopy. the polysaccharide, which aids in the adhesion of the cells to each other and to the meat tissue, has the regular repeating unit ----4)-3-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-alpha-d-glcp-(1----3)-beta-d-manpnac+ ++- (1----4)-beta-d-glcp-(1----. random partial o-acetylation occur ...	1991	1797390
biological and clinical relevance of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) in breast cancer.	tumor cell invasion and metastasis is a multifactorial process, which at each step may require the action of proteolytic enzymes such as collagenases, cathepsins, plasmin, or plasminogen activators. an enzymatically inactive proenzyme form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-upa) is secreted by tumor cells which may be converted to an enzymatically active two-chain upa-molecule (hmw-upa) by plasmin-like enzymes. action of proteases on pro-upa may generate the enzymatically active or ...	1991	1801751
bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.	the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence method was used to estimate the number of bacteria retained in neutral and amphiphilic gels and those in the eluate to determine the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. good correlations were found between viable counts and atp content for escherichia coli, pseudomonas fragi, and listeria monocytogenes. atp determination was more rapid than viable counts for characterizing the relative hydrophobicity ...	1991	1908207
centroid search optimization of cultural conditions affecting the production of extracellular proteinase by pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973.	the production of extracellular proteinase by pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973 grown in a defined citrate medium, containing glutamine as the sole nitrogen source, was determined under varying cultural conditions. simultaneous evaluation of cultural conditions using a 'centroid search' optimization technique showed that the optimum cultural conditions for proteinase production by ps. fragi were: incubation temperature, 12.5 degrees c; incubation time, 38 h; initial ph, 6.8; organic nitrogen concentra ...	1990	2292518
comparison of enrichment and plating media for isolation of yersinia.	yersinia enterocolitica (serotypes 0:3 or 0:8), yersinia frederiksenii, yersinia kristensenii, or yersinia intermedia along with 10(8) cells of each of three extraneous organisms (escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas fragi), all commonly found on market poultry, were inoculated into five enrichment media followed by streaking onto 11 plating media to determine the most-efficacious combinations for future surveys or assessment studies. for yersinia enterocolitica (0:8), infrequen ...	1990	2356183
purification of the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation from pseudomonas fragi and reconstitution of the fatty acid oxidation system.	the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation was purified from pseudomonas fragi, which was grown on oleic acid as the sole carbon source. this complex exhibited enoyl-coa hydratase [ec 4.2.1.17], 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.1.35], 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase [ec 2.3.1.16], cis-3,trans-2-enoyl-coa isomerase [ec 5.3.3.3], and 3-hydroxyacyl-coa epimerase [ec 5.1.2.3] activities. the molecular weight of the native complex was estimated to be 240,000. two types of subunits, with molecular ...	1990	2361950
classification of the spoilage flora of fish, with special reference to shewanella putrefaciens.	one hundred and fifty-nine gram-negative strains isolated from refrigerated fish, taken from the baltic sea or swedish inland waters, together with 32 reference strains of shewanella, pseudomonas, aeromonas and alcaligenes, were phenotypically classified using 124 unit characters. data were processed by the simple matching (ssm) and jaccard (sj) coefficients, and unweighted pair group algorithm with arithmetic averages. fourteen clusters were defined at the 75% sj similarity level which correspo ...	1990	2391295
a numerical taxonomic study of proteolytic and lipolytic psychrotrophs isolated from caprine milk.	lipolytic and proteolytic psychrotrophs were isolated from raw and pasteurized goats' milk, which had been stored at 5 degrees c for 7 d. the 241 strains isolated and 20 reference strains were examined by 149 biochemical, physiological, and morphological tests. the results yielded 195 characters suitable for taxonomic analysis. computer-assisted complete linkage analysis, using the jaccard coefficient, produced 22 phenons at 75% s. the results showed that pseudomonas fluorescens was the predomin ...	1989	2496069
esterification of chiral secondary alcohols with fatty acid in organic solvents by polyethylene glycol-modified lipase.	lipase from pseudomonas fragi 22.39b was modified with polyethylene glycol. the modified lipase (peg-lipase) was soluble and active in organic solvents such as benzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. peg-lipase catalyzed esterification of chiral secondary alcohols with fatty acids in benzene and exhibited preference for r isomers over s isomers. km and vmax values for each isomer of various alcohols were obtained by kinetic study of the esterification in benzene. peg-lipase-catalyzed esterification l ...	1989	2635854
specificity of endoproteinase asp-n (pseudomonas fragi): cleavage at glutamyl residues in two proteins.	endoproteinase asp-n, a metalloprotease from a mutant strain of pseudomonas fragi, has been reported to specifically cleave on the n-terminal side of aspartyl and cysteic acid residues. we utilized this enzyme to generate fragments for determining the amino acid sequence of the d-aspartyl/l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase isozyme i from human erythrocytes. surprisingly, we identified cleavage sites for this enzyme at the n-terminal side of several glutamyl residues in addition to the expected clea ...	1989	2669754
sequence of the d-aspartyl/l-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase from human erythrocytes. common sequence motifs for protein, dna, rna, and small molecule s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases.	a widely distributed protein methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from s-adenosyl-methionine to the free carboxyl groups of d-aspartyl and/or l-isoaspartyl derivatives of l-aspartyl and l-asparaginyl residues. this enzyme has been postulated to function in the repair or the catabolism of age-damaged proteins. we present here the complete amino acid sequence of the more basic isozyme i of this enzyme from human erythrocytes. the sequence was determined by edman degradation a ...	1989	2684970
volatile compounds associated with microbial growth on normal and high ph beef stored at chill temperatures.	volatile compounds produced by pseudomonas fragi and mixed, natural floras on beef of normal ph (5.5-5.8; glucose greater than 1500 micrograms/g) and high ph (6.3-6.8; glucose less than 10 micrograms/g) included a range of alkyl esters and a number of sulphur-containing compounds including dimethylsulphide but not hydrogen sulphide. production of the last was a property common to the other gram-negative organisms tested viz. hafnia alvei, enterobacter agglomerans, serratia liquefaciens, alteromo ...	1989	2753835
a numerical taxonomic study of non-motile non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria from foods.	a numerical taxonomic study using 155 unit characters was performed on 63 strains of gram-negative non-motile non-fermentative bacteria isolated from proteinaceous foods. similar bacteria from other sources and several pseudomonas strains from meat were included for reference purposes. three clusters were observed at 76% s which contained all the food strains. cluster 1 was composed entirely of acinetobacter strains including 17 isolated from foods that were provisionally identified with acineto ...	1988	3209519