Publications

maternally-derived passive immunity to enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus.	maternally-derived antibody to enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain y was transferred to pups by both intrauterine (igg) and lactogenic (iga and igg) routes. antibody present in the gastric whey of pups suckling immune dams dropped to undetectable levels by weaning age (21 days post partum). mhv-specific igg was found in the serum of passively immune pups up to 10 weeks of age. immune dams transferred equal levels of antibody to 3 consecutive litters of pups, without evidence of decli ...	1992	1309638
cloning of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) receptor: expression in human and hamster cell lines confers susceptibility to mhv.	the cellular receptor for murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-a59 is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) family of glycoproteins in the immunoglobulin superfamily. we isolated a cdna clone (mhvr1) encoding the mhv receptor. the sequence of this clone predicts a 424-amino-acid glycoprotein with four immunoglobulinlike domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short intracytoplasmic tail, mhvr1 is closely related to the murine cea-related clone mmcgm1 (mus musculus carcinoembryo ...	1991	1719235
protection of mice from a lethal coronavirus infection in the central nervous system by adoptive transfer of virus-specific t cell clones.	the protective effect of a mouse hepatitis virus type-4 (mhv-4)-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t cell clone and a cd4+ helper t cell clone was examined by the adoptive transfer into brains of mice lethally infected with mhv-4. mice survived acute encephalitis if more than 5 x 10(5) cells of either type of the virus-specific t cell clones had been transferred into h-2-matched recipients by 1 day post-infection. although the adoptive transfer of both types of the t cell clones suppressed viral growth and ...	1991	1705943
susceptibility to murine hepatitis virus (type 3)-induced paralysis is influenced by class i genes of the mhc.	using h-2 recombinant congenic strains of mice, genetic analysis of resistance to murine hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv3)-induced paralysis was performed. it appeared that both h-2k and h-2d, two class i gene regions of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc), can play independent significant roles in the establishment of such resistance.	1991	1663392
the role of gamma interferon in infection of susceptible mice with murine coronavirus, mhv-jhm.	infection of balb/c mice with mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm (mhv-jhm), at any of several intervals relative to ovalbumin (ova) administration resulted in elevated ova-specific igg 2 a titers. since gamma interferon (ifn) has been implicated as an up-regulator of igg 2 a production, attempts were made to determine whether levels of this cytokine were modified in sera of infected mice. serum ifn-gamma was not detected, but treatment of mhv-jhm-infected mice with monoclonal anti-ifn-gamma antib ...	1991	1662041
in vitro splenic t cell responses of diverse mouse genotypes after oronasal exposure to mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm.	mortality rates among balb/cbyj, a/jcr, c3h/hesnj, and c57bl/6ncr mice inoculated oronasally with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strain jhm, ranged from 25 to 67%. spleen cells harvested from the first three genotypes at 5 days postinoculation proliferated poorly in response to concanavalin a stimulation and produced significantly less interleukin (il) 2 than cells from uninfected control mice. the function of spleen cells harvested at 14 days postinoculation varied and was host genotype-dependent. ...	1991	1658436
hepatitogenicity of three plaque purified mutants of hepatotropic mouse hepatitis virus, mhv-2.	hepatitogenicity of three plaque purified mutant strains of mouse hepatitis virus, designated as mhv-2s, -2m and -2l, isolated from mhv-2 infected sr-cdf1-dbt cells was studied. after intraperitoneal inoculation with 2 x 10(5) pfu of parental mhv-2 and its mutants to 4-week-old female icr mice, 40% of mice inoculated with mhv-2s and 20% of mice with -2m died in one week, whereas with -2l all mice survived. all mice inoculated with mhv-2 died in 3 days postinoculation (p.i.). virus titer of the l ...	1991	1657211
a major role of macrophage activation by interferon-gamma during mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection. ii. age-dependent resistance.	in contrast to adult mice, young a/j mice, developed an acute hepatitis following infection with mouse hepatitis virus type 3. 100% of the young animals died 4 to 5 days after the infection and high levels of virus were found in the liver and peritoneal exudate. very low levels of ifn-gamma were found in the serum and peritoneal exudate of infected young mice. this was in contrast to the levels observed in adult mice. spleen cells and macrophage cultures from young a/j mice, again in contrast to ...	1990	2177034
purification of the 110-kilodalton glycoprotein receptor for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-a59 from mouse liver and identification of a nonfunctional, homologous protein in mhv-resistant sjl/j mice.	the receptor for mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) is a 110- to 120-kilodalton (kda) glycoprotein which is expressed in mhv-susceptible mouse strains on the membranes of hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, and macrophages. sjl/j mice, which are highly resistant to mhv-a59, were previously shown to lack detectable levels of receptor by using either solid-phase virus receptor assays or binding of a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody (mab) which blocks infection of mhv-susceptible mou ...	1990	2164599
on the membrane cytopathology of mouse hepatitis virus infection as probed by a semi-permeable translation-inhibiting drug.	previous studies of the membrane fusion process have permitted the characterization of membrane permeability changes concomitant with mhv-induced cytopathology. one indication of membrane permeability in mhv-infected cells is their sensitivity to translation inhibition by the normally impermeable amino-glycoside, hygromycin b (macintyre, g., wong, f. and anderson, r. (1989) j. gen. virol. 70, 763-768). in the present study, we examine the hygromycin b sensitivity of acutely infected mouse fibrob ...	1990	1966463
[the antiviral activity of amiksin and its effect on the interferon status in hepatitis in mice].	a single administration of amixin followed by oral infection with mouse hepatitis virus provided protection of 40%-50% animals for 72 hours and normalized the interferon status. in parallel with decreasing level of virus-induced endogenous interferon the interferon-inhibiting activity of lymphocytes of the infected animals increased and approached normal levels.	1990	2167565
effect of olfactory bulb ablation on spread of a neurotropic coronavirus into the mouse brain.	previous results suggested that, after intranasal inoculation, mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), a neurotropic coronavirus, entered the central nervous system (cns) via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. to prove this hypothesis, the effect of interruption of the olfactory pathway on spread of the virus was studied using in situ hybridization. unilateral surgical ablation of this pathway prevented spread of the virus via the olfactory tract on the side of the lesion. mhv rna could be detected, howe ...	1990	1698910
a major role of macrophage activation by interferon-gamma during mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection. i. genetically dependent resistance.	resistance of mice to mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv3) infection is genetically determined. normal adult a/j mice are resistant, and balb/c mice are susceptible. higher titers of virus and interferon (ifn) in vivo were found in mhv3-infected balb/c mice compared with a/j mice. in vitro activation of macrophages (m phi) by lipopolysaccharide (lps) delayed mhv3 replication only in cells that originated from a/j mice, although cell populations from both a/j and balb/c mice were able to synthesiz ...	1989	2560461
a general method for the induction and screening of antisera for cdna-encoded polypeptides: antibodies specific for a coronavirus putative polymerase-encoding gene.	a prokaryotic vector, pge374, containing the reca and lacz genes, out-of-frame, was used for the expression of cdna derived from the putative polymerase-encoding gene of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59). the pge374/viral recombinant vector generates a tripartite bacterial/viral protein composed of a segment of the reca protein at the n terminus, the coronaviral sequences in the middle, and an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase at the c terminus. rabbits immunized w ...	1989	2560756
influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence of b6c3f1 (c57bl/6n x c3h/hen) mice in carcinogenicity studies.	sendai virus (sv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are common viral infections of mice. influence of these viral infections on the prevalence of liver tumors, lung tumors, and lymphoma is of concern in chemical carcinogenicity studies. body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence of b6c3f1 mice with and without viral infections in 33 male and 34 female untreated control groups and 32 male and 32 female low- and high-dose groups of 2-year chemical carcinogenicity stu ...	1989	2767355
spread of a neurotropic murine coronavirus into the cns via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves.	the route of entry into the central nervous system (cns) of most neurtropic viruses has not been established. the coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm (mhv-jhm), causes acute encephalomyelitis and acute and chronic demyelinating diseases and is an important model system for virus-induced neurological disease. suckling c57bl/6 mice infected intranasally with mhv-jhm develop either the acute encephalomyelitis or a late onset, symptomatic demyelinating encephalomyelitis, depending on wheth ...	1989	2543129
muramyl peptides confer hepatoprotection against murine viral hepatitis.	the hepatoprotection induced by synthetic muramyl peptides was investigated using a model of lethal murine mouse hepatitis mhv-3 virus infection. mdp and a nonpyrogenic analog, murametide, inhibited the steep elevation of serum transaminases induced by mhv-3 irrespective of whether the immunomodulators were administered before or after the infection. a significant proportion of mdp or murametide-treated animals, in contrast to controls, survived the mhv-3 infection. the histopathological examina ...	1989	2559041
elimination of murine viral pathogens from the caecal contents of mice by anaerobic preparation.	the aim of this study was to investigate methods to eliminate pathogenic viral agents while preserving the 'normalizing' properties of the gut microflora of mice. mouse hepatitis virus a59 (mhv), reo 3 virus and theiler gd vii virus were added to the caecal contents of 'normal' mice and following dilution, with or without subsequent culturing, given to germ-free mice. four weeks later antibody titres against these and other viruses were determined. mhv and theiler cd vii virus survived dilution ...	1989	2542688
effect of sensitized t cell transfer on mouse hepatitis virus type 4 infection in athymic nude mice.		1989	2538671
comparison of physicochemical properties of mouse hepatitis virus strains.		1989	2548030
immunopathology of chronic progressive hepatitis in nude mice infected with low-virulent mouse hepatitis virus.	progressive hepatitis in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice due to a low-virulent mouse hepatitis virus, mhv-2 cc, was examined for involvement of immunocytes and serum antibodies. at 3 to 6 weeks postinoculation (p.i.) a considerable number of mac 1- and asialo gm1-positive cells were accumulated in the affected liver and spleen. there were also some thy-1-positive cells. later than 2 weeks p.i., serum igg and igm antibodies were detected in parallel with virus-neutralizing activity, while the igg level ...	1989	2550746
characterization of coronavirus jhm variants isolated from wistar furth rats with a viral-induced demyelinating disease.	murine hepatitis virus (mhv) can cause neurological disease when inoculated intracerebrally (ic) into mice and rats. specifically the jhm strain of mhv (mhv-jhm) generally causes an acute encephalitis when inoculated ic into 2-day-old wistar furth rats. in contrast, jhm generally produces a chronic demyelinating disease with resulting posterior paralysis when inoculated ic into 10-day-old wistar furth rats. in addition, while jhm readily produces a productive infection in a mouse fibroblast cell ...	1989	2538027
monoclonal antibodies to the matrix (e1) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus protect mice from encephalitis.	monoclonal antibodies to the matrix or e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) were tested for their ability to protect mice from a normally lethal challenge of mhv-4. four antibodies were tested, and two of these, j.1.3 and j.3.9, were protective. protection did not correlate with virus neutralization in vitro, antibody isotype, recognition of a unique e1 antigenic site, or dependence on complement in vivo. survival from acute encephalitis was followed by subacute demyelination, as has b ...	1989	2535900
virus strain specificity of challenge immunity to coronavirus.	the resistance of immunized mice to challenge with the same or a different strain of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) was examined as a model of challenge immunity to coronavirus infection. genetically susceptible balb/cbyj mice were given an intranasal immunizing infection of respiratory-type mhv-jhm, mhv-s, or enterotropic mhv-y. control mice were sham-immunized with sterile tissue culture fluid. recovered mice were challenged intranasally with mhv-jhm, mhv-s or sterile tissue culture fluid at 30 d ...	1989	2468325
synthesis of virus-specific rna in permeabilized murine coronavirus-infected cells.	we have developed a permeabilized cell system for assaying mouse hepatitis virus-specific rna polymerase activity. this activity was characterized as to its requirements for mono- and divalent cations, requirements for an exogenous energy source, and ph optimum. this system faithfully reflects mhv-specific rna synthesis in the intact cell, with regard to both its time of appearance during the course of infection and the products synthesized. the system is efficient and the rna products were iden ...	1988	2842958
reactivities of 4 murine coronavirus antigens with immunized or naturally infected rat sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.	four murine coronavirus antigens, sialodacryoadenitis virus (sdav) strain tg, parker's rat coronavirus (pcv) strain 8190, mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) strains s and nuu, were examined for their reactivities to hyperimmunized and naturally infected rat sera by elisa. with the immunized sera, sdav and pcv antigens reacted best with respective homologous sera. mhv antigens reacted with all antisera, anti-sdav, anti-pcv, and anti-mhv-s at approximately the same level, and mhv-s showed a slightly high ...	1988	2843391
detection of a murine coronavirus nonstructural protein encoded in a downstream open reading frame.	mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) gene 5 contains two open reading frames. we have expressed the second open reading frame of this gene (gene 5 orf 2) in an escherichia coli expression system. this system utilized a plasmid which contained the promoter and the first 36 codons of the reca gene fused in frame with the mhv gene 5 orf 2, which is fused in turn to the beta-galactosidase gene. the protein product of this gene fusion was used to raise antibody to gene 5 orf 2. the specificity of the antibody ...	1988	2834866
membrane integration and intracellular transport of the coronavirus glycoprotein e1, a class iii membrane glycoprotein.	the e1-glycoprotein (mr = 26,014; 228 amino acids) of mouse hepatitis virus a59 is a class iii membrane glycoprotein which has been used in this study as a model system in the study of membrane integration and protein transport. the protein lacks an nh2-terminal cleavable signal sequence and spans the viral membrane three times. hydrophobic domains i and iii could serve as signal sequences for cotranslational membrane integration. domain i alone was sufficient to translocate the hydrophilic nh2 ...	1988	2844793
accumulation and chemotaxis of natural killer/large granular lymphocytes at sites of virus replication.	a model for monitoring the accumulation of natural killer cell/large granular lymphocytes (nk/lgl) at a site of virus replication was studied by using mice infected i.p. with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pichinde virus, or vaccinia virus. an i.p. but not i.v. infection resulted in a localized increase in nk/lgl cell number (a fourfold to greater than 20-fold increase) and augmentation (a 10- to 20-fold increase) of ...	1987	3027167
delayed increase in plasma lactic dehydrogenase activity in mouse hepatitis virus-infected mice subsequently infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus.		1987	2830435
an immunological analysis of natural resistance to mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv strain) infection in c3h mice.	1. since the development of resistance against mouse hepatitis virus (jhmv strain) coincides with the maturation of the immune system, we studied the possible role of distinct immunological components in the resistance of adult mice during jhmv infection. 2. adult c3h mice naturally resistant to jhmv were rendered susceptible to infection by lethal 60co-irradiation and were subsequently reconstituted with limiting numbers of syngeneic bone marrow cells or spleen cells. 3. resistance or susceptib ...	1987	2825892
characterization of mouse hepatitis virus-reactive t cell clones.		1987	2829551
neuropathogenicity of mutant strains of mouse hepatitis virus, 1a and 2c, from dbt cells persistently infected with jhm strain.		1987	2829556
effect of exogenous mouse interferon on murine fulminant hepatitis induced by mouse hepatitis virus type 2.	we investigated the effect of exogenous mouse alpha- + beta-interferon produced by mouse l cells on the growth of mouse hepatitis virus type 2 (mhv-2) in the liver, the development of liver cell necrosis, and survival in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by mhv-2. murine fulminant hepatitis was induced in 4-week-old male icr mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of mhv-2. mouse interferon (10(3) iu/mouse/day) was intraperitoneally injected every day. exogenous mouse interferon suppressed both the ...	1986	3002736
translation and processing of mouse hepatitis virus virion rna in a cell-free system.	the first event after infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) is presumed to be the synthesis of an rna-dependent rna polymerase from the input genomic rna. the synthesis and processing of this putative polymerase protein was studied in a cell-free translation system utilizing 60s rna from mhv-a59 virions. the polypeptide products of this reaction included two major species of 220 and 28 kilodaltons. kinetics experiments indicated that both p220 and p28 appeared after 60 min of ...	1986	3018279
[a comparison of two antigen strains of each of mouse hepatitis virus and mouse adenovirus for detection of complement fixation antibody in mouse and rat sera].	detection rates of complement fixation antibodies in mice and rats were compared between two antigen strains of each of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and mouse adenovirus (mav). among 66 and 47 naturally infected mhv-positive sera of mice (18 facilities) and rats (16 facilities) respectively, 17 mouse and 21 rat sera reacted with both nu-67 and mhv-2 strains, but 49 mouse and 25 rat sera were positive to nu-67 strain alone. only one rat serum reacted with mhv-2 strain alone. in comparison with k87 ...	1986	3026815
identification of two epitopes in the carboxyterminal 15 amino acids of the e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus a59 by using hybrid proteins.	cdna fragments coding for the carboxy terminus of the e1 envelope glycoprotein from mouse hepatitis virus a59, a coronavirus, were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pex. clones expressing e1 antigenic determinants were selected with a polyclonal anti-e1 antibody and used for immunization of rabbits and for affinity purification of existing polyclonal antisera. immunofluorescence testing and immunoperoxidase labeling of coronavirus-infected cells showed that these reagents were monospec ...	1986	2431163
proteolytic cleavage of the e2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: host-dependent differences in proteolytic cleavage and cell fusion.	cell fusion induced by infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) varied markedly in extent and time course in four different murine cell lines. when inoculated at a multiplicity of 3 to 5 pfu per cell, the sac-, l2, and dbt cell lines began to fuse by 7 h, were fused into confluent syncytia by 9 to 12 h, and peeled from the substrate by 10 to 14 h. these virulent virus-cell interactions were in striking contrast to the moderate interaction of mhv-a59 with the 17 cl 1 cell line, i ...	1985	2999444
signal recognition particle-dependent insertion of coronavirus e1, an intracellular membrane glycoprotein.	the membrane insertion of the e1 protein of a coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus a59, was studied in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. e1 is a transmembrane protein spanning the lipid bilayer several times. it is synthesized without a cleavable signal sequence, localized intracellularly, and not transported to the cell surface. it thus represents a model intracellular protein. we found that the synthesis of e1 is specifically and stably blocked by the addition of signal recognition part ...	1985	2985561
difference in sensitivity to interferon among mouse hepatitis viruses with high and low virulence for mice.	mouse hepatitis viruses (mhv) of different virulence for mice were studied with respect to interferon (ifn) sensitivity. the growth of low-virulent mhv-s and intermediately virulent mhv-jhm was significantly suppressed in ifn-treated l cells compared with untreated cells. however, a comparable suppression of the growth of highly virulent mhv-2 was not observed in ifn-treated cells. this differential effect of ifn treatment could also be demonstrated at the level of viral mrna and viral proteins. ...	1985	2998070
virus-induced central positional nystagmus in mice.	geotropic direction-changing nystagmus in lateral body positions was observed in 4-week-old balb/c mice after intracerebral injection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mouse hepatitis virus. the positional nystagmus was detected already 2 days after infection and it lasted half a year at least. the nystagmic responses of the semicircular canals were also evaluated before and after infection. they were unaltered during the disease, which was clinically manifested by general weakness, ataxia ...	1985	2998148
pathogenicity of mouse hepatitis virus for preimplantation mouse embryos.	mouse embryos which were hatched from the zona pellucida in vitro in the presence of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) or outgrown on coverslips and then exposed to mhv were shown by immunohistochemical staining to have virally infected trophoblast cells. zona-intact embryos incubated with mhv for 48 h (2-cell embryos) or 1.5 h (blastocysts) were resistant to infection. morulae and early blastocysts collected from donor mice experimentally infected with mhv were not infected, but the medium in which t ...	1985	2982018
ten years-long survey on pathogen status of mouse and rat breeding colonies.	eleven pathogens including p. aeruginosa, salmonella spp., e. coli o115a, c: k(b), p. pneumotropica, b. bronchiseptica, c. kutscheri, tyzzer's organism, m. pulmonis, sendai virus, mhv and syphacia spp. were surveyed in 217 mouse and rat breeding colonies during 1972-1981. in conventional animals, p. pneumotropica and/or syphacia spp. were detected in nearly 90% of 89 mouse and 64 rat colonies. sendai virus, m. pulmonis, p. aeruginosa and mhv were positive in 51.7 to 23.6% of the colonies, and ty ...	1984	6088258
delayed-type hypersensitivity in mouse hepatitis virus infection in mice.	delayed-type hypersensitivity in mouse hepatitis virus infection was studied with intraperitoneally infected mice. twenty-four hours after eliciting injection with virus-infected cell lysate on day 8 postinfection, specific footpad swelling response was observed with infiltration of mononuclear cells. the response was not enhanced by cyclophosphamide treatment made 2 days before infection. the adoptive transfer of the response from infected mice to h-2 compatible recipients was successful with s ...	1984	6088859
analysis of genomic and intracellular viral rnas of small plaque mutants of mouse hepatitis virus, jhm strain.	the genomic rna and intracellular rna of mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm (mhv-jhm) and two plaque mutants (1a and 2c), which have been isolated from a persistently infected culture (jhm-cc), have been analyzed by t1-resistant oligonucleotide finger-printing. the genomic rna of the virus population (jhm-cc virus) released from different passage levels of the same persistent infection has also been analyzed. the analysis shows the locations within the genomic and intracellular rnas of more than ...	1984	6093379
assembly in vitro of a spanning membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum: the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59.	the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59 was synthesized in vitro by translation of viral mrna in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes. its disposition in the membrane was investigated by digestion with proteases and by selective nh2-terminal labeling. the protein spans the membrane, but only small portions from the nh2 and cooh terminus are exposed respectively in the lumenal and cytoplasmic domains; the bulk of the molecule is apparently buried in the membrane. the pro ...	1984	6324191
the carbohydrates of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59: structures of the o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of glycoprotein e1.	two size classes of o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides were liberated from glycoprotein e1 of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59 by reductive beta-elimination and separated by h.p.l.c. the structures of the reduced oligosaccharides were determined by successive exoglycosidase digestions and by methylation analyses involving combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass fragmentography after chemical ionization with ammonia. oligosaccharide a (neu5ac alpha 2----3 gal beta 1- ...	1984	6325180
histopathological characterization of the naturally occurring hepatotropic virus infections of nude mice.	in the last ten years the mutant athymic nude mouse has been used by many researchers as a model for studying pathological conditions in an immunodeficient host. a major problem with such mice is their susceptibility to viral infections indigenous to murine stocks, such as the hepatotropic mouse coronaviruses. in an effort to define the hepatotropic virus diseases indigenous to nude mice this paper details the pathogenesis and associated comparative histopathology of three common strains of mous ...	1984	6321712
in vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating disease x. a schwannoma-l-2 somatic cell hybrid persistently yielding high titres of mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm.	following infection of rn2 rat schwannoma cells with unfiltered jhmv inocula, a cell line with an altered phenotype evolved, which was shown to be a somatic cell hybrid of rn2 and mouse l-2 cells. this cell line, ej, persistently yields jhmv at titres greater than 10(6) pfu/ml and does not show the suppression of virus production at 39.5 degrees c that is characteristic of a persistently infected rn2 line. intracellular viral nucleocapsids are demonstrated. cloning of ej hybrids yields cell line ...	1984	6099665
host genetic control of mouse hepatitis virus type-4 (jhm strain) replication. ii. the gene locus for susceptibility is linked to the svp-2 locus on mouse chromosome 7.	peritoneal macrophages were used to analyze host genetic control of mhv-4 infection in the 14 recombinant-inbred strains between susceptible swr/j and resistant sjl/j progenitor strains. 4 strains were resistant to mhv-4 infection, while the remaining 10 strains were productively infected. based upon the strain distribution pattern of susceptibility the gene locus for mhv-4 susceptibility is linked to the svp-2 locus on the proximal end of mouse chromosome 7. this strain distribution pattern of ...	1984	6101098
temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59: isolation, characterization and neuropathogenic properties.	twenty 5-fluorouracil-induced temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 were isolated from 1284 virus clones. mutants were preselected on the basis of their inability to induce syncytia in infected cells at the restrictive temperature (40 degrees) vs the permissive temperature (31 degrees). of these mutants, only those with a relative plating efficiency 40 degrees/31 degrees of 3 x 10(-3) or smaller were kept. virus yields at 40 degrees compared to 37 degrees and 31 ...	1983	6301146
fusion resistance and decreased infectability as major host cell determinants of coronavirus persistence.	mouse hepatitis virus persists in cultures of a subline (designated lm-k) of mouse lm cells but produces a lytic infection in l-2 cells. persistence in the lm-k cells was not accompanied by production of ts mutants or of soluble anti-mhv factors. infectious center assay demonstrated an approximately 500-fold lower level of infectibility by mhv of the lm-k cells as compared to l-2 cells. on an infected cell basis, production levels of infectious progeny and viral rna were comparable between the t ...	1983	6310865
antigenic characterization of tettnang virus: complications caused by passage of the virus in mice from a colony enzootically infected with mouse hepatitis virus.	neutralization assays were undertaken for the purpose of antigenically characterizing three strains of tettnang virus from two geographic regions. the previously reported relationship of tettnang virus strains to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) was confirmed. however, the precise relationship of the tettnang strains to prototype mhv strains was obscured in our study by the finding that the isolates had been passaged in mice from a colony subclinically infected with mhv. an egyptian strain of tettnan ...	1983	6312821
the effect of mouse hepatitis virus infection on the microcirculation of the liver.	mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection results in strain-dependent liver disease. the effects of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 on the microcirculation of the liver in both fully susceptible (balb/cj) and fully resistant (a/j) mice were studied. in balb/cj mice, 6 to 12 hr following infection, abnormalities in liver blood flow were observed which consisted of granular blood flow in both terminal hepatic and terminal portal venules. in addition, sinusoidal microthrombi were present predominantly in ...	1983	6313508
[the activity of serine dehydratase enzyme of liver tissue in experimental murine infection with mouse hepatitis virus 3].		1983	9704124
mouse hepatitis virus immunofluorescence in formalin- or bouin's-fixed tissues using trypsin digestion.	mouse hepatitis viral antigens were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in formalin- and bouin's-fixed tissues processed routinely for histopathology followed by partial digestion with trypsin. staining was superior in tissues fixed in formalin and was not diminished in tissue sections from paraffin blocks stored at room temperature as long as 2 years. the relative ease of this procedure and the commercial availability of reagents makes this a useful technique for the definitive diagnosis of mous ...	1982	6281569
sequence relationships between the genome and the intracellular rna species 1, 3, 6, and 7 of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59.	we have shown by t(1) oligonucleotide fingerprinting that the genome of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 and its intracellular rna 1 have identical fingerprints and that rna 1 and the subgenomic rnas 3, 6, and 7 contain common sequences. to localize the homologous region between the rnas, we compared fingerprints of the 3' terminus of the genome with those of rna 7. the genome was partially degraded with alkali, and polyadenylate-containing fragments were purified by oligodeoxythymidylate-cellul ...	1982	6283166
replication of mouse hepatitis virus: negative-stranded rna and replicative form rna are of genome length.	there are seven virus-specific mrna species in mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells (lai et al., j. virol. 39:823-834, 1981). in this study, we examined virus-specific negative-stranded rna to determine whether there are corresponding multiple negative-stranded rnas. intracellular rna from mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and hybridized to positive-stranded genomic 60s [32p]rna. only a single rna species o ...	1982	6292513
murine coronaviruses: isolation and characterization of two plaque morphology variants of the jhm neurotropic strain.	two plaque-size variants of the neurotropic jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus have been isolated from the virus stock after eight serial passages in suckling mouse brain. one variant, jhm-dl, produces large plaques, while the other, jhm-ds, produces small plaques in tissue culture. ds replicates more slowly, has a lower virus yield in vitro, and is less virulent for mice than dl. they also differ in their pathogenicity for mice: jhm-dl infection results in acute encephalomyelitis while jhm-ds ...	1982	6296277
heterologous response of antiserum-treated cell clones from a persistently infected dbt cell line to mouse hepatitis virus.	from dbt cells persistently infected with mouse hepatitis virus jhm strain (jhm-cc), a cell line producing neither infectious virus nor intracellular viral antigen was obtained after two passages in the presence of antiserum. in addition, 11 cell clones were manipulated from jhm-cc and found to be also free from the virus. these newly obtained cell line and 4 of 11 cell clones were shown to be resistant to jhm and the virus recovered from jhm-cc (jhm-ccv), while the other 7 cell clones were susc ...	1982	6302351
effects of experimental infection of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) with mouse hepatitis virus.	three deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) given 10(4) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -s intranasally all had significant serum neutralization titers to mouse hepatitis virus -s 3 weeks later. ten other deer mice were given 10(3) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -3 intranasally and placed with sentinel laboratory mice (cf1, c3h/rv, and nu/nu) and uninoculated deer mice. one inoculated deer mouse died, but mouse hepatitis virus was not isolated. no other inoculated or uninoculated animals exhibited ...	1982	6285078
isolation of a coronavirus during studies on puffinosis, a disease of the manx shearwater (puffinus puffinus).	a virus was isolated from 2 day-old mice inoculated with homogenates of either the lungs or blood of 2 different shearwaters affected by puffinosis. examination of infected suckling mouse brain and infected nctc-1469 (mouse liver) cell cultures, by electron microscopy, revealed virus particles and inclusion bodies characteristic of a coronavirus. neutralization, complement fixation and fluorescent antibody tests showed that the virus was related to mouse hepatitis virus. the virus was not isolat ...	1982	7125912
viral protein synthesis in mouse hepatitis virus strain a59-infected cells: effect of tunicamycin.	we identified eight protein species in virions of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59. based on their sizes, prosthetic groups, and locations in virions, these proteins were designated gp180/e2, gp90/e2, pp54/n, gp26.5/e1, gp25.5/e1, p24/e1, p22/x, and p14.5/y. the positions of the last two proteins in virions are not known. host protein synthesis in sac(-) cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 was inhibited, and the following novel proteins appeared: gp150, gp90, p54, gp26.5, gp25.5 ...	1981	6275093
the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis in the nude mouse and its influence on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.	the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis due to infection with mouse hepatitis virus type 1 has been followed over a period of 30 days in the nu/nu mouse. the initial histopathology is that of a focal hepatic necrosis which evolves into a chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis. the histopathology of the experimentally induced hepatitis with mouse hepatitis type 1 is indistinguishable from that produced by the disease in nude mouse colonies due to the natural infection in the united kingdom and also ...	1981	6275875
genome structure of mouse hepatitis virus: comparative analysis by oligonucleotide mapping.	several natural variants of mouse hepatitis viruses have been compared by the t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. in general, they have diverged quite extensively. however, mhv-3, a hepatotropic strain, and a59, a nonpathogenic strain, were found to be extremely related. yet, each of them contains 2-4 specific oligonucleotides. one of the mhv-3-specific oligonucleotides was mapped in 30s poly(a)-containing rna or 6-7 kb from the 3-end and the other near the 5'-end of the genome. these t ...	1981	6278897
clinical, pathologic, and serologic features of an epizootic of mousepox in minnesota.	an epizootic of mousepox in two colonies of mice was described. clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, and necropsy lesions were substantially influenced by husbandry practices, intercurrent diseases (sendai pneumonia, mouse hepatitis virus), and total body x-irradiation. in one colony, 54 mice were necropsied; 19 mice had cutaneous or visceral lesions of mousepox although none had combined visceral and cutaneous lesions. in the other colony, 20 mice were necropsied, and 10 mice had cuta ...	1981	6281560
in vitro macrophage manifestation of cortisone-induced decrease in resistance to mouse hepatitis virus.	genetically resistant g3h mice routinely yielded macrophages that were resistant when grown in 90% horse serum. these mice also routinely yielded macrophages that were susceptible to the same virus, mhv (pri), in vitro after the mice had been treated with three intraperitoneal doses, of hydrocortisone. dexamethasone and prednisolone when similarly administered also increased the susceptibility of c3h macrophages taken from the treated animal, but progesterone and testosterone did not. in additio ...	1981	6265581
early interaction between mouse hepatitis virus 3 and cells.	the interaction between mouse hepatitis virus 3 (mhv3) and cells was studied in order to investigate whether or not early events occurring after infection could be involved in the difference in virus replication seen between mouse strains with different genetic sensitivities to mhv3 infection. kinetic data showed that mhv3 uptake by both macrophages and l cells was time- and temperature-dependent. in addition, treatment of cells with cytochalasin b or prostaglandin e1, prior to virus infection, ...	1981	6275022
role of macrophages and interferon in natural resistance to mouse hepatitis virus infection.		1981	6171386
prostaglandins as probable mediators of the suppression of antibody production by mouse hepatitis virus infection.		1981	6266331
inhibition of the mitotic response in regenerating mouse liver during viral hepatitis.	viral hepatitis caused by infection with murine hepatitis virus strain a59 has been shown to affect the mitotic response after partial hepatectomy in mice. normal mice showed a delayed response, whereas nude mice did not show any response, even 5 days after partial hepatectomy.	1981	6268550
ribonucleoprotein of avian infectious bronchitis virus.	the ribonucleoprotein (rnp) of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was examined by electron microscopy after shadowing with carbon/platinum. linear rnp strands up to 6.7 microns in length, from three ivb strains, were sensitive to both pancreatic rnase and to proteases. these strands were obtained from spontaneously disrupted complete particles but not from disrupted incomplete particles that lacked rnp. they were also released from nonidet p40-disrupted particles and could be isolated on su ...	1981	6268741
assembly of mouse hepatitis virus strain jhm.		1981	6278874
messenger rnas of mouse hepatitis virus a59: isolation and characterization, translation in xenopus laevis oocytes of rnas 3, 6 and 7, uv target sizes of the transcription templates.		1981	6278883
prevalence of indigenous viruses in laboratory animal colonies in the united kingdom 1978-1979.	compared with the results of the previous serological survey of 1976-1977, it can be seen that mouse hepatitis virus is still prevalent in the mouse colonies and that corona viruses of rats are also common. the prevalence of sendai virus has increased considerably. however, the prevalence of reo 3 virus appeared to have decreased, although this may be the results of the different test used.	1980	6257967
glucan-induced modification of murine viral hepatitis.	glucan, a macrophage stimulant, was evaluated for its ability to alter survival and phagocytic dysfunction in mice challenged with mouse hepatitis virus strain mhv-a59. administration of glucan before the mice were challenged with the virus significantly prolonged median survival time but did not modify overall mortality compared with control mice given dextrose. maximal effectiveness was achieved when glucan was administered both before and after the viral challenge. in contrast to the marked h ...	1980	7361108
induction of lytic plaques by murine leukemia virus in murine sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer mouse cells persistently infected with mouse hepatitis virus mhv-s.	kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed, nonproducer balb3t3 (k-balb) cells were persistently infected with mouse hepatitis virus, mhv-s. the cultures developed plaques after infection with murine leukemia viruses. if the murine leukemia virus-infected cultures were further submitted to the uv-xc assay, comparable numbers of xc plaques were obtained. the sensitivity to murine leukemia viruses, as determined by the uv-xc assay, was higher in mhv-s-infected cells as compared to uninfected k-balb ...	1979	218897
new strain of mouse hepatitis virus as the cause of lethal enteritis in infant mice.	a new strain of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) was isolated from pooled gut suspensions from an epizootic of lethal enteritis in newborn mice. negative-contrast electron microscopy showed an abundance of coronavirus particles in the intestinal contents and intestinal epithelium of moribund mice. we found no other virus in the epizootic. dams seroconverted to mhv polyvalent antigen and to the agent isolated, but did not develop antibodies to other known mouse pathogens. virus propagated in nctc-1469 ...	1979	222687
pathology of diarrhea due to mouse hepatitis virus in the infant mouse.	two-day-old mice were inoculated orally with a mouse hepatitis virus which had been isolated from a suckling mouse with fatal diarrhea, and a systemic infection was shown to be established, though enterotropism of the isolate was evident. significant viral growth and syncytium forming lesions were first detectable in the intestines at day 2 postinoculation, followed by the development of focal necrotic hepatitis. the virus titer in both liver and intestine attained maximum levels at days 4 to 5. ...	1979	224229
pathogenesis of mouse hepatitis virus infection. the role of nasal epithelial cells as a primary target of low-virulence virus, mhv-s.		1979	224286
giant cell formation in the brain of suckling mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus, jhm strain.	after intranasal inoculation with a neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus, jhm strain, suckling mice less than 2 weeks of age died in 4 or 5 days postinoculation, while those 3 weeks or more of age survived. in the brain lesions of mice 8 days or less of age, there appeared two different types of multinucleated giant cells. one of them which was irregular in shape with many virus particles, appeared mostly in the subependymal or perivascular areas after 72 h postinoculation and it seemed to have res ...	1979	226760
influence of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) infection on the growth of human tumors in the athymic mouse.	the growth characteristics and histological appearance of tumors resulting from transplantation of the tumor lines hep-2 and sw480 into pathogen-free and mouse hepatitis virus infected athymic mice were studied. subcutaneous or intraperitoneal implantation 1 x 10(6) neoplastic cells into pathogen-free animals resulted in tumor growth. subcutaneous transplants grew locally, surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. the fibrovascular stroma supporting the neoplastic tissue was minimal and infi ...	1979	437922
rna of mouse hepatitis virus.	the rna of mouse hepatitis virus, a coronavirus, was isolated from the virus released early in the infection and analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation and electrophoresis. it was found to consist of a piece of single-stranded rna of about 60s. its molecular weight was estimated to be 5.4 x 10(6) by electrophoresis in methylmercury-agarose gels. at least one third of the rna contained polyadenylated sequences. it is, therefore, probably positive stranded. the virus harvested late in the infe ...	1978	207885
virus infection in demyelinating diseases.	several animal and human demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (cns) are associated with rna or dna viruses. these viruses infect cns cells lytically or persistently. they mainly belong to the group of envelope viruses which derive their envelope partly from the host cell membrane. the process of virus release may result in the appearance of new antigens of virus-infected cells or the incorporation of cell membrane material into the viral envelope. these changes may lead to an imm ...	1978	211825
in vitro growth characteristics and heterogeneity of mouse hepatitis virus type 3.	the in vitro virus yield of mhv3 reached 10(7) pfu/ml in mouse dbt cells infected with a virus suspension in hepes-buffered medium containing deae-dextran. the virus titer was 10(6) pfu/ml in the presence of 10 micrograms actinomycin d/ml mhv3 growth in dbt cells gave three peaks of density (1.10--1.14 g/cm3, 1.18--1.20 g/cm3, and 1.25--1.31 g/cm3) in sucrose gradients. all these peaks retained infectivity.	1978	211989
hepatosplenic myelosis in naturally occurring mouse hepatitis virus infection in the nude mouse.		1978	214604
[effects of silver carbon on eliminating mouse hepatitis virus in water (author's transl)].		1978	215805
antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species.	utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ...	1978	81044
age-dependent response of mice to a mouse hepatitis virus, mhv-s.	to a mouse hepatitis virus strain mhv-s, 4 week-old icr mice were shown to be fully resistant irrespective of route and dose of inoculation, and fatal infection was produced only with cortisone treatment. two-week-old mice also showed high resistance to mhv-s except for after intracerebral inoculation, and 60% of infected mice died. mice aged 1 week or less, however, died after intracerebral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intranasal inoculation, while some of them survived after peroral inoc ...	1977	194073
naturally occurring mouse hepatitis virus infection in the nude mouse.	a group of athymic nude mice developed an unusual chronic wasting disease within 1-3 months after their arrival into the laboratory. affected nude mice had severe, acute-to-chronic, active hepatitis with multinucleated giant hepatocytes and fibrosis. vascular and central nervous system lesions were frequently present, giant cell peritonitis, ascites, and multinucleated giant cells in the intestinal epithelial villi were less frequently observed. mouse hepatitis virus was isolated from the livers ...	1977	195136
respiratory infection in mice with sialodacryoadenitis virus, a coronavirus of rats.	sialodacryoadenitis virus (sdav), a coronavirus of rats, evoked both serum neutralization and complement fixation antibody responses when inoculated intranasally in mice. weanling gnotobiotic cd-1 mice inoculated intranasally with 10(3.0) mean tissue culture infective doses of sdav remained asymptomatic. virus was recovered from the nasopharynx, trachea, and lung from day 2 to day 7. viral antigen was readily detected by indirect immunofluorescence in the lung but rarely in the nasopharynx. infe ...	1977	201568
serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies.	a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ...	1977	201796
congenic strains of mice susceptible and resistant to mouse hepatitis virus.	a congenic strain of c3hss mice, which is histocompatible with c3h mice but differs from them in susceptibility to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), has been developed by introducing the gene for susceptibility to the mhv-pri virus from the pri mice. this was accomplished by continual back-crossing of the hybrids to the c3h mice, but at the same time by selection of susceptibility by use of macrophage culture tests. after 20 back-crosses, a strain homozygous for susceptibility was produced by brother ...	1976	135262
macrophages genetically resistant to mouse hepatitis virus converted in vitro to susceptible macrophages.	genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis, which resides largely in the macrophages of resistant c3h mice, may be altered by exposing the cells in vitro to fluid from allogeneic mixed lymphocytes. a 1,000-fold increase in susceptibility was produced in these genetically resistant cells by exposure to this fluid. this presumed lymphokine was effective without producing any change in host adaption of the virus.	1976	175127
carrier state of antibody and viruses in a mouse breeding colony persistently infected with sendai and mouse hepatitis viruses.	in a large-scale mouse breeder colony persistently infected with sendai and mouse hepatitis viruses, most adult breeders 8 wk or more of age were shown to have antibodies to both viruses when monitored over a periof of 20 mo. antibody to sendai virus, apparently transmitted from the dam, was detected in 76% and 2% of mice aged 3 and 4 wk. respectively, and 64% and 100% of mice aged 6 and 8 wk, respectively. by seroconversion of sentinel cage-mates, a sendai virus-carrier state was demonstrated w ...	1976	178959
response of nude mice to a mouse hepatitis virus isolated from a wasting nude mouse.	chronic active hepatitis was produced in nude mice after inoculation with a mouse hepatitis virus from a natural nude case which was incapable of causing fatal infection in haired heterozygous mice without cortisone. survival time of infected nude mice varied greatly from 1 to 10 weeks after the inoculation. degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, apparition of small and megalocytic hepatocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells with fibrosis, were most remarkable in those which ...	1976	180312
an improved method for titration of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 in a mouse cell culture.		1976	189731
particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus in nude mouse uterus.	particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus were observed in uterine gland lumens and endometrial cells of 8 nude mice. although 3 mice had been experimentally inoculated with baboon type c viral-infected materials, no ultrastructural evidence of oncornavirus-associated structures was observed.	1975	179967
immunopathology of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection. iii. clinical and virologic observation of a persistent viral infection.	three types of viral sensitivity were observed in various mouse strains upon mhv3 infection: resistance, full susceptibility, and semisusceptibility. in the latter type, seen in several inbred strains including c3h, approximately 50% of the adult injected animals resisted to the acute disease. most of the surviving mice, however, developed a chronic disease with a wasting syndrome and occurrence of paralysis. the chronic period of the disease was characterized by a persistent viral infection, si ...	1975	168262
lactobacillus sp. isolates from mouse livers: saprophyte or potential pathogen?	over a 3-year sampling period lactobacillus sp. has been isolated from the livers of barrier-maintained and conventional mice. serology has failed to detect presence of mouse hepatitis virus antibodies in any of these mice. histopathological examination revealed only mild fatty change and small monocytic infiltrates.	1975	806745