Publications

bovine parainfluenza-3 virus proteins recognized by antibodies of aerosol-exposed calves.	bovine parainfluenza-3 (bpi-3) virus proteins were radiolabeled with [35s]methionine. control serum containing antibodies to bpi-3 virus obtained from calves that had been immunized by aerosol exposure and by im inoculation and sera of cattle that were exposed to bpi-3 virus by aerosol only were used to immunoprecipitate bpi-3 virus proteins. the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. viral proteins with estimated molecular weights of 72,00 ...	1988	2854712
parainfluenza 3 infections.		1988	2854823
[pathogenicity of parainfluenza virus type 3 in mice].		1988	2855381
contribution to laboratory diagnosis of mumps and parainfluenza.	specific igm and igg antibodies to mumps virus (mv) were detected in sera of mumps-patients by elisa in agreement with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (if). of given sera 37.5% contained igm reacting in indirect elisa also with the antigens of parainfluenza virus (piv) t3. in all patients with respiratory illness over 2 years of age, the significant increase of antibodies to piv in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test was in good correlation with serum igm and igg antibody ...	1988	2906222
nucleotide sequence of the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus genome: the genes of the f and hn glycoproteins.	by analysing complementary dna clones constructed from genomic rna of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire f and hn genes. their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (hpiv3), about 45% with those of sendai virus, and about 20% with those of sv5 and newcastle disease virus (ndv), indicating, together with the results described in the preceding paper on the np, p ...	1987	3031615
alveolar macrophage phagocytic kinetics following pulmonary parainfluenza-3 virus infection.	qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the cellular components of bronchoalveolar washings of calves with experimental parainfluenza-3 virus pneumonitis and control calves were made. calves were exposed to 10(9) tcid50 of pi-3 by intranasal aerosol exposure and bronchoalveolar cells obtained 7 days after infection by volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage. transient tachypnea and pyrexia occurred in all infected calves, and virus was recoverable at 7 days from nasal swabs and lung tissue ...	1987	3033112
nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein gene.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) protein gene has been determined. the hpiv3 f gene is 1851 nucleotides long including six u residues in the genomic rna, which probably direct synthesis of the first few nucleotides in the f mrna polyadenylate tail. the hpiv3 f gene contains a single long open reading frame coding for 539 amino acids. the predicted molecular weight of the unglycosylated precursor f0 protein was 60031. four potential carbo ...	1987	3033123
[proteins of the human parainfluenza virus].	proteins of human parainfluenza type 3 virus propagated in green monkey kidney cultures are described. the presence of 4 major and 3 minor polypeptides is described along with their molecular weights. protein f1 was found as a double band, its both components having a similar intensity. only the upper band of f1 protein was found in the virus grown in vero cell culture which has a low sensitivity for this virus. fractionation of the virus and analysis of the proteins of subviral structures were ...	1987	3037795
[experiences with the riems vaccine combination pi-3 and riems ibr/ipv vaccines in cattle-raising stock].		1987	2831841
antigenic and structural properties of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: sequence analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies which inhibit infectivity, hemagglutination, and neuraminidase activities.	the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene sequence was determined for 16 antigenic variants of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). the variants were selected by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the hn protein which inhibit neuraminidase, hemagglutination, or both activities. each variant had a single-point mutation in the hn gene, coding for a single amino acid substitution in the hn protein. operational and topographic maps of the hn protein correlated well with the relative positions ...	1987	2437318
[study of the multiplication in cell cultures of two strains of para-influenza virus type 3. iii. multiplication in bhk 21 cells].	study was conducted on the multiplication of two strains (c243 and d) of parainfluenza virus type 3 in bhk 21 cells. multiplication curve of the virus was established and immunohistochemical aspects of the process were investigated. chronological study of successive steps of the formation and development of viral components allowed to see that the virus multiplication rate is low in this cell system. the parainfluenza antigen became detectable by immunofluorescence in the infected cell perinucle ...	1987	2444030
nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene: comparison with other paramyxoviruses.	the nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene has been determined using cdna clones derived from both hpiv3 genomic rna and mrna. the hn mrna contains 1,882 nucleotides, not including the poly(a) tail. primer extension experiments were carried out to locate the 5' terminal nucleotide of the hn mrna. the 3' end of the mrna was located at a putative polyadenylation signal. the hpiv3 hn mrna has one large open reading frame that codes for 5 ...	1987	2822598
[use of an immune blotting method (western) for studying viral antigens and for detecting antibodies to viral proteins].	the technique of the procedure and the results of the use of immune ("western") blotting method for studies on viral antigens and detection of antibodies to individual proteins of viral particles are described. the possibility of detection and study of individual viral antigens in the whole plasma of patients or carriers is demonstrated by the example of hbs antigen of human hepatitis b virus. the method of immune blotting was used for screening of human sera for the detection of antibodies to t ...	1987	2823482
field trial of a quadrivalent vaccine against calf respiratory disease.	a quadrivalent vaccine containing the killed antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, mycoplasma dispar and m bovis, emulsified with an oil adjuvant, was tested for efficacy against naturally occurring calf respiratory disease. three batches of beef cattle aged 12, seven and three weeks at the time of first vaccination were used. within each batch of approximately 100 animals, half were vaccinated subcutaneously on three occasions, three weeks apart and half served as ...	1987	2825397
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus genes encoding the surface glycoproteins, f and hn.	the sequence of the genes encoding the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the human parainfluenza 3 virus was determined by molecular cloning. the genes were cloned by primer extension using genomic 50 s rna as the template. a series of four overlapping clones was generated from the 3' end of the fusion gene which extended across the gene end and intergenic boundaries of the f-hn and hn-l genes. the f gene extends 1851 nucleotides (inclusive of the putative transcri ...	1987	2825443
[structural organization and proteins of the human type-3 para-influenza virus].	the structure of human parainfluenza type 3 virus was studied by electron microscopy and virion fractionation by treatment with a detergent and high ionic strength. the protein spectrum of the virus was studied. the presence of 6 structural proteins was revealed of which two, hn and f, are glycoproteins. intracellular cleavage of f0 protein into f1+2 proteins was demonstrated in a pulse-chase experiment. a tighter binding of hn protein than of f protein with the virus lipoprotein membrane was ob ...	1986	3008440
effect of recombinant dna-derived bovine and human interferons on replication of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory syncytial viruses.	antiviral effects of recombinant dna-derived bovine (bo) and human (hu) interferons (ifn) on the replication of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory syncytial viruses were studied. bovine monolayer cultures were treated with recombinant dna-produced bo ifn-alpha 1, bo ifn-beta 2, hu ifn-alpha a, or hu ifn-alpha a/d and then challenge exposed with bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, or vesicular stomatitis virus. treatment with ...	1986	3008606
3'-terminal sequence of human parainfluenza virus 3 genomic rna.		1986	3012476
conserved structures among the nucleocapsid proteins of the paramyxoviridae: complete nucleotide sequence of human parainfluenza virus type 3 np mrna.	the nucleotide sequence of the mrna coding for the nucleocapsid protein (np) of the paramyxovirus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), has been determined. the np mrna was found to contain 1642 bases, excluding poly(a), and encode a protein of 515 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 57,823. amino acid residues 1 through 420 of piv-3 np protein showed extensive sequence homology with the corresponding amino acids of sendai virus nucleocapsid protein. there was virtually no homology betw ...	1986	3012866
fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: nucleotide sequence of the gene, direct identification of the cleavage-activation site, and comparison with other paramyxoviruses.	the complete sequences of the fusion (f) mrna and protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) were determined from overlapping cdna clones. to confirm the cdna sequence, the complete sequence of the f gene was determined independently by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of genomic rna using synthetic oligonucleotide primers. the mrna contains 1845 nucleotides, exclusive of poly (a), has an unusually long (193-nucleotide) 5' nontranslated region, and encodes an f0 protein of 539 amino acids. th ...	1986	3012869
induction of immunity against pneumonic pasteurellosis following experimental infection in calves.	immunity against pneumonic pasteurellosis was studied in calves after recovery from experimental respiratory disease with pasteurella haemolytica. nine calves were exposed to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica a1 six days apart to produce respiratory disease. after recovery from the disease, these nine principal and four control calves were challenged with aerosols of bovine herpesvirus 1 and p. haemolytica a1 four days apart. with this viral-bacterial challenge, the n ...	1986	3017526
the association between serological titers in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine virus diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus and treatment for respiratory disease in ontario feedlot calves.	a seroepidemiological study of the association between antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine virus diarrhea and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease was conducted. a total of 322 calves from five different groups were bled on arrival, then one month later all cases (cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease) were rebled together with an equal number of controls (cattle not treated for any disease). titers t ...	1986	3017529
the effect of parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica on oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent bactericidal mechanisms of ovine pulmonary phagocytic cells.	groups of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated by the intratracheal route with pasteurella haemolytica, either alone or 4 or 6 days after the inoculation of parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3). other groups were inoculated with pi3 followed by veal infusion broth, or with uninfected cell culture fluid followed by veal infusion broth (controls). all lambs were killed 24 h after the second inoculation. pulmonary phagocytic cells were recovered by lavage and separated into alveo ...	1986	3018994
parainfluenza virus type 3 in pigs.		1986	3024379
reduction in in vivo testing at the national veterinary services laboratories of the united states department of agriculture.	efforts are being made at the national veterinary services laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of usda licensed veterinary vaccines. a hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (snit) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza (pi3) vacc ...	1986	3025035
[viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in madagascan children].	a total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the pediatric department of antananarivo general hospital from may to july 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were mor ...	1986	3026268
isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus from bull's semen.		1986	3027942
complete sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of human parainfluenza type 3 virus: comparison with other negative strand viruses.	the sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna and its encoded protein were deduced by sequencing a cdna clone representing the complete mrna. the cdna sequence was confirmed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of purified viral genomic rna by primer extension using synthetic oligonucleotides. the np mrna contains 1,641 nucleotides exclusive of poly(a) and encodes an np protein of 515 amino acids. alignment of the human parainfluenza type 3 virus (pf3) np protein sequence with that of send ...	1986	2878059
parainfluenza virus bronchiolitis. epidemiology and pathogenesis.	an investigation of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bronchiolitis due to parainfluenza virus (pv) was carried out. bronchiolitis due to pv occurred most commonly in non-caucasian males. breast-fed infants exhibited a reduced risk of developing bronchiolitis. once an episode of pv bronchiolitis occurred, both exposure to cigarette smoke and bottle feeding were associated with an increased frequency of recurrent wheezing, and subsequent infection with respiratory virus almost uniformly result ...	1986	3002169
characterization of four parainfluenza virus type 3 proteins by use of monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies directed against four structural components of the atcc strain c243 of parainfluenza virus type 3 were produced. the specific reaction of the antibodies with individual structural components was determined by radioimmune precipitation assay. in the collection of monoclonal antibodies, 21 reacted with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 72,000), eight with the fusion (f) glycoprotein (mol. wt. 64,000), 27 with the nucleocapsid (np) protein (mol. wt. ...	1986	2426392
seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to selected viruses in the respiratory tract of lambs.	a serologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to, and infection rate of, mastadenovirus ovi 5, m ovi 6, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, and ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) virus in lambs at a ram lamb growth-rate test station. for 2 consecutive years, serum samples were prepared from blood collected from 1- to 2-month-old ram lambs as they entered the test station (1st ...	1985	3002217
a serologic epidemiological study of parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 viruses in beef cattle and calves in illinois.	beef cattle and calves in four illinois populations were studied. serum was tested by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for antibodies to parainfluenza viruses (piv) 1, 2, and 3. in all but group 3 a low level of antibody to piv-1 and 2 was demonstrated. the highest prevalence and incidence of hi-antibodies was found for piv-3, followed by piv-1. there may have been a cross-reaction between piv-1 and -3 in group 1 calves. the low level of hi antibodies to piv-1 and 2 may have resulted fr ...	1985	2986256
properties of temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 selected during the course of persistent infection.	we investigated properties of the ts mutants that were selected during the course of persistent infection of vero cells by parainfluenza virus type 3. the mutants demonstrated leakiness when infecting cells at high moi and interfered with the growth of wild type virus, apparently by inhibiting a step prior to rna synthesis.	1985	2986583
intracellular synthesis of human parainfluenza type 3 virus-specified polypeptides.	the intracellular synthesis of human parainfluenza type 3 virus-specified polypeptides was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35s]methionine-labeled cell extracts under reducing conditions. all of the virion structural proteins were detected in cell extracts, including: l, 180,000 molecular weight (180k); p, 83k; hn, 69k; np, 66k; f0, 60k; f1, 51k; and m, 38k. p and np were phosphorylated. hn and f were glycosylated. the kinetics of intracellular viral protein synthesis did not d ...	1985	2987519
surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on the epidemiological development of respiratory syncytial virus infections.	surveillance of certain respiratory viral infections by applying immunofluorescence (if) examinations to samples of nasopharyngeal secretions has been evaluated using a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears. samples from 711 children living in different parts of norway were examined during the winter 1982/83 and a positive diagnosis was made for 290 children (41%). temporal epidemic peaks were observed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 and influe ...	1985	2989359
in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of the guinea pig as a model for virus-provoked airway hyperreactivity.	the parainfluenza 3 (p-3)-infected guinea pig was examined as a model for virus-provoked airway hyperreactivity by measuring changes in airway overflow pressure in response to intravenously (iv) administered histamine. in vitro responses of lung parenchymal strips to several contractile substances were also measured. all studies were conducted 4 days after nasal insufflation with p-3 or p-3 growth medium (control). increases in airway overflow pressure caused by histamine were enhanced by p-3 in ...	1985	2992331
synthesis and biological activity of 5-thiobredinin and certain related 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides.	a number of 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides were prepared and tested for their biological activity. treatment of 5-chloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (2) with methanethiol provided 5-(methylthio)-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (3a). similar treatment of 2 with ethanethiol or benzenemethanethiol gave the corresponding 5-ethylthio and 5-benzylthio derivatives 3b and 3c. oxidation of 3a and 3b with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid furnished the corre ...	1985	2993613
comparison of interferon production in cattle after intranasal infection with parainfluenza-3 live vaccine and avirulent ibr/ipv-herpesvirus.		1985	2996264
studies on human parainfluenza virus 3: characterization of the structural proteins and in vitro synthesized proteins coded by mrnas isolated from infected cells.	the structural proteins of human parainfluenza virus 3, a member of the paramyxovirus family, were characterized by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled virus. the purified virion contains at least eight structural proteins, with estimated molecular weights of 251k, 90k, 71k, 68k, 65k, 51k, 35k, and 21k, respectively. three of the polypeptides (71k, 65k, and 51k) were identified as glycoproteins based on their incorporation of [3h]glucosamine. disruption of the virus by triton ...	1985	2998013
microwave sterilization of nitrous oxide nasal hoods contaminated with virus.	although there exists a desire to eliminate the possibility of cross-infection from microbial contaminated nitrous oxide nasal hoods, effective and practical methods of sterilization in a dental office are unsatisfactory. microwaves have been used to sterilize certain contaminated dental instruments without damage. in this study nasal hoods contaminated with rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus were sterilized in a modified microwave oven. ninety-five percent of ...	1985	2999676
epizootiological survey of parainfluenza-3, reovirus-3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral antibodies in sheep and goat flocks in quebec.	a serological survey was conducted in an attempt to detect antibodies against bovine respiratory viruses in sheep and goats from seven geographical areas of quebec. sera from 10% of the animals in 182 sheep flocks and 40 goat flocks were collected and specific antibodies against parainfluenza-3, reovirus type 3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses were detected by hemagglutination-inhibition tests for the former viruses and complement fixation and seroneutralizati ...	1985	3000551
antigenic variation in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus.	sixteen monoclonal antibodies directed to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of a 1957 isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv3) were produced and used to examine antigenic variation in clinical strains. analysis of hemagglutination-inhibition reactivity patterns of antigenic variants selected in vitro in the presence of monoclonal antibodies indicated that there were a minimum of six distinct epitopes detectable on the hn molecule. competitive-binding assays indicated that these ep ...	1985	2414910
effect of anti-prostaglandin therapy in experimental parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in weaned, conventional calves.	an acute pneumonia was induced experimentally in 10, 10- to 12-week-old conventional calves by administration into the upper airways of a pathogenic strain of parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus. the experimental calves had been selected on the basis of freedom from clinical evidence of respiratory and other diseases, freedom from current infection by pi3 virus as judged by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and freedom from earlier pi3 virus infection as judged by their lack of significant levels of ...	1984	6089403
prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec.	serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ...	1984	6089626
acquisition of serum antibodies to specific viral glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus 3 in children.	a radioimmunoprecipitation assay was used to study antibody responses to parainfluenza virus 3 glycoproteins in human sera. the method was not only more sensitive than the neutralization test for the detection of antibody but also provided semiquantitative assessments of the antibody response to both glycoproteins in a single assay system. anti-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase titers were consistently higher than anti-fusion levels in the same serum specimen. thirteen children were monitored serologi ...	1984	6092715
serological studies of parainfluenza type 3 virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in beef calves.	six serum samples were taken at monthly intervals from birth to weaning from each of 41 newborn calves in the autumn and spring calf crops of a beef cow--calf herd. the serum hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titres to parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3), virus-neutralization (vn) antibody titres to bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined using microtitration techniques. there was serological evidence of a significantly higher inciden ...	1984	6095517
prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and clinical disease by vaccination.	a double blind field trial was carried out with a live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. the trial involved 530 calves, two to 10 months old, on 27 dairy farms, where respiratory problems due to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections had been observed during the preceding year. in 17 herds either all calves were vaccinated (nine groups) or all calves received a placebo (eight groups). in 10 herds half the number of calves were vaccinated and the other half kept as non ...	1984	6097014
a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme stain for the detection of viral antigen or antibody on nitrocellulose transfer blots.	separation of mixtures of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the proteins to support media such as nitrocellulose and detection by immunologic procedures provides a powerful analytic tool for assaying the antibody specificity of antisera or for following the purification of antigens. this technique requires fewer assumptions about antigenic solubility or antibody reactivity than immunoprecipitation methods. we present a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme staining pr ...	1984	6205093
a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes.	a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ...	1984	6323512
production of cattle immunotolerant to bovine viral diarrhea virus.	inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into 58 to 125 day old fetuses of bovine virus diarrhea virus seropositive pregnant cows, or inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into seronegative cows 42 to 114 days pregnant, may produce clinically normal calves which are persistently infected with the specific isolate of bovine virus diarrhea virus yet seronegative to the homologous and heterologous isolates. reinoculation of these persistently infected cattle with their homologous isolate pro ...	1984	6326980
evaluation of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 in weanling hamsters.	cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of parainfluenza virus 3 were produced by serially passaging wild type (wt) parainfluenza virus 3 at 20 degrees c 45 times. previously, plaque-purified viruses (clones) were selected from the wt parent and from cold passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45 and characterized in vitro. in the present study, we evaluated at least one mutant from each cold passage level for attenuation in hamsters. four of the five mutants tested were ts and ca (one e ...	1984	6327899
exposure of calves to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica.	the present study was undertaken to investigate whether sequential exposure to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus followed by pasteurella haemolytica, or p. haemolytica followed by parainfluenza-3 virus, could lead to the production of pulmonary lesions in conventionally-raised calves. twenty male calves with low serum antibody titres to both organisms were placed in five equal groups. synergism of parainfluenza-3 virus and p. haemolytica was not demonstrated in any of the sequentially infected g ...	1983	6320999
serology of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition.	an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 has been compared with the hemagglutination inhibition test on 130 field sera, and seven other paired sera showing a significant raise of titers. the elisa was found to be four to 64 times more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test and the two tests demonstrated a good correlation.	1983	6309348
disseminated parainfluenza infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency.	an 8-month-old male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted to the hospital with pneumonitis and, subsequently, died at 21 months of age. during his lengthy hospitalization, parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was isolated from respiratory secretions and unusual sites, such as pericardial fluid, csf, and wbcs. a postmortem examination showed apparent viral pancreatitis, and piv-3 was isolated from the lung, brain, and pericardial fluid. to our knowledge, this is the fir ...	1983	6314807
a field trial, of preshipment vaccination, with intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 vaccines.	a total of 849 calves, 278 controls, 335 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ts and 236 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ptc were studied in a field trial of preimmunization. all calves were vaccinated in saskatchewan at least three weeks prior to shipment to feedlots. four hundred and twenty six calves were not sold within eight weeks of vaccination; however, seven of these died within four weeks of vaccination. treatment rates varied from 1.0% to 5.2%. there was no significant effect of v ...	1983	6315194
epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons.	a laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. for personnel known to have had contact ...	1983	6315655
evaluation of the attenuated vaccine para-ribovac.		1983	6316694
improvement of respiratory syncytial virus replication in actively growing hep-2 cells.	the growth of respiratory syncytial (rs) and parainfluenza type iii (pi3) viruses has been studied in actively growing versus relatively stationary hep-2 cells. there was no effect on pi3 virus growth. rs virus synthesis was stimulated from 20- to 60-fold by growth in actively growing cultures when the cell density was approximately 1/3 that of a confluent culture. this stimulation was manifested by a greater yield of virus per cell, more virus-specific mrna produced per cell, and a 50% decrease ...	1983	6317708
immunosuppression in goats inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus.	the humoral and cellular immune responses of goats experimentally infected with an ovine isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3) were examined. virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine antibody in the serum and csf. lymphocyte stimulation, measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation into peripheral blood leukocytes, was used to determine cellular responses to phytomitogens and virus. there were significant suppression of peripheral blood leukocyte respo ...	1983	6318612
variation of virus replication in primary bovine kidney cell cultures derived from 68 three-day-old calves.	primary kidney cell cultures were prepared from 68 three-day-old calves. complete monolayers of these cultures were infected separately with viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza, and adenovirus 7 viruses. the yield of virus from all infected cultures was calculated by plaque titer assay after 2 to 4 days' incubation. the variation of virus yield was substantial between individual cultures.	1983	6318615
comparative studies on haemagglutinating activity and immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus strains.		1982	6320610
comparative study of vaccines in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning.	vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd), bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3), and bacterin against pasteurella hemolytica and p. multocida were studied to determine their effectiveness when given 30 days before weaning in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. a total of 310 calves, 6 to 8 months old, were divided into 3 groups. group i consisted of 51 calves vaccinated with a temperature sensitive mutant vaccine intranasally (ibr-pi- ...	1982	6280257
virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows.	from aug 1, 1979 to aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. an additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. the 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion. all samples were tested for the presenc ...	1982	6285771
lung infiltrates following removal of a neck mass.		1982	6286452
cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus type 3: induction of three phenotypic markers.	in order to attenuate parainfluenza type 3 virus, a wild type strain that was isolated from a child with respiratory disease was adapted to replicate in african green monkey kidney cells at 20 degrees c. replication at 20 degrees c was not a property of the wild type virus. the virus was serially passaged 45 times in the cold, and clones were selected following passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45. the population of cold-adapted virus was found to be progressively enriched with temperature sensitive ...	1982	6298358
experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in young lambs: pathologic response.	pulmonary changes in five 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus were studied by immunofluorescent, microscopic, and ultrastructural techniques. the lambs were killed at postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, and 7. immunofluorescence specific for parainfluenza type 3 virus was first seen in small airways and alveolar epithelium and later in the lumens of airways and alveoli and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitium of the lungs. grossly, the ...	1982	6299138
[virological and morphological studies of a model of parainfluenza-3 virus persistence].		1982	6303062
evidence of interferon production in the hamster lung after primary or secondary exposure to parainfluenza virus type 3.	experimental infection of the hamster respiratory tract with parainfluenza virus type 3 has been used to study the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia and the host response to infection. in this study, hamsters inoculated intranasally with parainfluenza virus type 3 produced local interferon, which was detected in lung washes obtained by in situ lavage. interferon activity was present as early as 2 days after infection, and titers correlated directly with the quantity of virus recovered in lung wash ...	1982	6178328
a terminal labelling assay using 3h-uridine to measure cell-mediated cytotoxic responses against parainfluenza type 3 infected target cells.	the standardisation of a terminal labelling cytotoxicity assay which used the incorporation of 3h-uridine to measure target cell survival of the effector phase is described. this assay was applied to a preliminary study of the cell-mediated responses of sheep following intravenous inoculation of pi-3 virus. the assay provided a simple, accurate, and reproducible method to measure cytotoxic responses against pi-3 infected target cells. the experimental data did not require mathematical correction ...	1981	6262347
sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus.	a sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus was developed in vero and ma 104 cell cultures. the tests were performed in semimicrotoiter trays containing 24 wells, 16 mm in diameter. parainfluenza virus type 1 formed plaques in vero and ma 104 cells only when trypsin was added to the overlay medium. plaquing of parainfluenza virus type 1 was more sensitive and technically reproducible in ma 104 cells than in vero cells. parainf ...	1981	6262372
[growth of bovine fetal cells after intrauterine virus infection of the fetus].		1981	6272468
causes of atypical pneumonia: results of a 1-year prospective study.	in a protocol study of cases of atypical pneumonia over a 1-year period an etiologic agent was established in 16 cases: legionella pneumophila in 8, coxiella burnetii in 3, chlamydia trachomatis in 2, mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1, para-influenza 3 virus in 1 and cytomegalovirus in 1. in the remaining 11 cases no agent was identified; the illnesses in these cases tended to be less severe. the pneumonia took much longer to resolve in the patients with legionnaires' disease than in all the other pati ...	1981	6275975
[detection of pi-3 viruses, bvd-md viruses and parvoviruses in bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections].	growing organ cultures prepared from foetuses experimentally infected in utero by the viruses pi-3 and bvd-md or bovine parvovirus proved to be suitable in tests with the re-isolation of these viruses 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 and 70 days after infection. the attempts at demonstrating them by the traditional method of the inoculation of the primary cell culture of foetal kidneys were successful only at the re-isolation of the pi-3 virus seven days after infection. the pi-3 virus without cytopathic effec ...	1981	6277080
immunity to parainfluenza type 3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica in sheep.		1981	6277166
prevalence of antibodies to parainfluenza-3 virus in various wildlife species and indigenous cattle sharing the same habitats in kenya.		1981	6279891
persistent parainfluenza virus shedding during isolation at the south pole.	persistent parainfluenza virus shedding in healthy young adults occurred throughout the 8 1/2-month winter isolation period at amundsen-scott south pole station during 1978. two episodes of respiratory illness were observed after 10 and 29 weeks of complete social isolation. throat swabs collected both routinely, and during each outbreak of respiratory illness, were directly inoculated into cell cultures. parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 were recovered from both symptomatic and asymptomatic sub ...	1981	6256653
the effect of vaccination of lambs with live parainfluenza virus type 3 on pneumonia produced by parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica.		1980	6258113
cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity.		1980	6243354
injury of respiratory epithelium.	the large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. however, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. ...	1980	6250814
cell-mediated immunity in experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus infection.	local respiratory-tract infection was produced experimentally in guinea-pigs by intranasal instillation of a suspension of parainfluenza virus type 3. histologically, interstitial pneumonitis developed within 10 days and persisted for at least 70 days. cell-mediated immunity was measured at intervals for 70 days after infection. dermal reactivity could not be elicited. leucocyte-migration inhibition and macrophage-migration inhibition were increased. macrophage aggregation was present. increased ...	1980	6253642
isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from an infant with meningoencephalitis.	a parainfluenza virus type 3 strain was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant with a clinical diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. specific hai antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3, ranging in titer from 1/80 to 1/160 could be detected in the infant's serum. a 2-fold rise in the level of complement fixing serum antibodies-from 1/16 at the first to 1/32 at the second collection-was recorded.	1980	6254243
serological evidence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhoea and parainfluenza-3 viruses in calves in el salvador.		1979	223256
pulmonary cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hamsters with parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia.	a 51cr-release cytotoxic assay in vitro was developed to permit definition of the role of local pulmonary cell-mediated immunity in the recovery phase of experimental parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in the syrian hamster. cytotoxic effector cells were obtained by bronchalveolar lavage; virus-infected targets were syngeneic secondary hamster kidney cells. maximal target-cell killing was mediated by lung lavage cells obtained one week after infection; the response waned rapidly thereafter. th ...	1979	223482
characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.	bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) has a buoyant density of 1.197. the rna of piv-3, like that of sendai virus, is a single continuous chain which lacks polyadenylic acid sequences and tends to self-anneal to a marked extent. it has a sedimentation coefficient of 42s and a molecular weight of 4.5 x 10(6), being slightly smaller than sendai virus rna (47s, 5.3 x 10(6)). piv-3 has 5 main structural proteins, of which 2 are glycoproteins. the molecular weights of protein 1, protein 2, protei ...	1979	228163
the experimental production of pneumonia in calves by intranasal inoculation of parainfluenza type iii virus.	thirteen colostrum deprived calves were inoculated with a low passage field strain of parainfluenza type iii (pi 3) virus. virus was administered by the intranasal route and the calves were experimentally infected twice daily for four consecutive days. clinical signs of respiratory disease were noted and pneumonia was present in 12 animals at necropsy. pi 3 virus was isolated from the lung lesions and no other respiratory pathogens could be demonstrated. the pneumonic lesions grossly, histologic ...	1979	231340
[research on substances with antiviral activity. x. 1-substituted-2-(methylamino) naphtho/2,1-b/furan hydrochlorides].	some 2-(methylamino)naphtho [2,1-b] furans hydrochlorides 1-substituted were synthetized and investigates for antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus type i (vhs-i) and parainfluenza virus type 3 ha-i/cr-8 stock.	1979	233363
giant-cell pneumonia caused by parainfluenza virus.		1979	217981
[use of the precipitation reaction for studying viral antibodies in blood sera].		1979	89261
[experimental model of associated influenza-para-influenza infection].	an experimental model of associated influenza-parainfluenza infection has been developed. simultaneous inoculation of mice with influenza a2/21/65 and parainfluenza type 3 or inoculation with these viruses at an interval of 24 hours was shown to produce a considerably more severe disease as manifested by the development of severe confluent pneumonias involving both lungs and death of the inoculated animals. the animals with the associated infection showed no significant difference in antibody ti ...	1978	219615
[detection of the parainfluenza virus in respiratory pathology in lambs].		1978	204101
immunologic "memory" for microbial antigens in lymphocytes obtained from human bronchial mucosa.	memory for previous immunologic contact with microbial antigens has been detected in lymphocytes from human bronchi as a secondary immune response, when tested in vitro. antigens stimulated a predominantly proliferative response in blood lymphocytes that was significantly greater than the response in mucosal lymphocytes with purified protein derivative and herpes simplex type 1 antigens. co-culture experiments with autologous blood lymphocytes showed that cell-dependent suppression was one mecha ...	1978	204236
an inactivated parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine: the influence of vaccination regime on the response of calves and their subsequent resistance to challenge.	calves maintained in insolated pens were vaccinated with an inactivated parainfluenza virus type (3) (pi3) vaccine usingparenteral and local route singly and in combination. the calves were subsequently monitored for serum antibody response and challenged intranasally with live virus to assess the protection derived from vaccination. calves receiving one subcutaneous dose of vaccine in oil adjuvant produced a marked antibody response and were partially protected against challenge. those receivin ...	1978	206935
experimental infection of specific pathogen-free lambs with parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica.		1978	207749
ovine pneumonia.		1978	210432
fatal rhabdomyolysis associated with parainfluenza type 3 infection.		1978	213404
components of parainfluenza-3 virus, slp-strain, reacting in assays of cell-mediated immunity in cattle.	parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated by affinity chromatography, including a purification step with immobilized lectin vicia erwilia. the peplomers of disintegrated virus were similarily isolated using another carbohydrate-specific lectin vicia crotalaria. the whole virion and the peplomers were both active as antigens in the leucocyte migration inhibition, lymphocyte stimulation and skin hypersensitivity tests. the remaining virus material, freed of detergents used for virus disintegration and co ...	1977	194552
[clinical and immunopathological studies of viral nephritis].		1977	199763
investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program.	serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for ibr virus was 4.3%, pi-3 virus--16.3%, bv ...	1977	201196
elevated parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.	parainfluenza virus hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies were determined 3 times in the sera of 9 patients with subacute sclerosiing panencephalitis (sspe) and 20 healthy controls matched for age and place of residence. serum antibody against parainfluenza virus type 1 was significantly elevated in sspe patients as compared with controls, whereas antibodies against type 2 and 3 were found to be in normal ranges. higher titres of parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody might depend on: (1) dua ...	1977	188993
synthesis and antiviral activity of certain thiazole c-nucleosides.	a general reaction of glycosyl cyanides with liquid hydrogen sulfide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to provide the corresponding glycosylthiocarboxamides is described. these glycosylthiocarboxamides were utilized as the precursors for the synthesis of 2-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide and 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-5-carboxamide (23). the structural modification of 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (12) into 2-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)thiazole-4-c ...	1977	189032