Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
ftsz inhibition: a promising approach for antistaphylococcal therapy.staphylococcus causes a large number of animal and human diseases and has been considered as a major health concern. with the emergence of resistant strains of staphylococcus, like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, the search for novel antibacterial targets has intensified. ftsz, a bacterial cytoskeleton protein, is involved in cell division. ftsz assembles into protofilaments in a gtp-dependent manner, and forms a dynamic z-ring at the m ...201020603653
ventilator-associated pneumonia due to shewanella putrefaciens.the first reported u.s. case of ventilator-associated pneumonia evidently caused by shewanella putrefaciens is described.201020516471
convertase inhibitory properties of staphylococcal extracellular complement-binding protein.the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus secretes several complement evasion molecules to combat the human immune response. extracellular complement-binding protein (ecb) binds to the c3d domain of c3 and thereby blocks c3 convertases of the alternative pathway and c5 convertases via all complement pathways. inhibition of c5 convertases results in complete inhibition of c5a generation and subsequent neutrophil migration. here, we show that binding of ecb to the c3d domain of c3b is crucial for i ...201020304920
formyl peptide receptor-mediated proinflammatory consequences of peptide deformylase inhibition in staphylococcus aureus.the biosynthesis of proteins with n-terminal formylated methionine residues and subsequent protein deformylation are unique and invariant bacterial processes. they are exploited by the capacity of the human innate immune system to sense formylated peptides (fps) and targeted by the deformylation-blocking antibiotic actinonin. we show that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes respond via the formyl peptide receptor (fpr) with increased calcium ion fluxes, chemotactic migration, il-8 release, and cd ...201020156579
toll-like receptor responses in irak-4-deficient neutrophils.human neutrophils were found to express all known toll-like receptors (tlrs) except tlr3 and tlr7. irak-4-deficient neutrophils were tested for their responsiveness to various tlr ligands. essentially all tlr responses in neutrophils, including the induction of reactive oxygen species generation, adhesion, chemotaxis and il-8 secretion, were found to be dependent on irak-4. surprisingly, the reactivity towards certain established tlr ligands, imiquimod and odn-cpg, was unaffected by irak-4 defic ...201020375545
novel h1n1 influenza and panton-valentine leukocidin staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia.the association between seasonal influenza and staphylococcal pneumonia has long been recognized (chickering and park, 1919; roberts et al, 2008), and both meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and panton-valentine leukocidin s. aureus have been associated with seasonal influenza pandemics (roberts et al, 2008; kearns et al, 2009; murray et al, 2010).201020551877
targeting isoprenoid biosynthesis for drug discovery: bench to bedside.the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways produce the largest class of small molecules in nature: isoprenoids (also called terpenoids). not surprisingly then, isoprenoid biosynthesis is a target for drug discovery, and many drugs--such as lipitor (used to lower cholesterol), fosamax (used to treat osteoporosis), and many anti-infectives--target isoprenoid biosynthesis. however, drug resistance in malaria, tuberculosis, and staph infections is rising, cheap and effective drugs for the neglected tropic ...201020560544
comparison of fluoroquinolone kinetics of kill in susceptible and resistant gram-positive conjunctival pathogens.the purpose of this study was to compare moxifloxacin's rate of kill of susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms with that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, using concentrations found in human conjunctiva after instillation of one drop.201020174904
a poke into the diversity and associations within human anterior nare microbial communities.the anterior nares are the major reservoir for staphylococcus aureus in humans, where nasal carriage has a crucial function as a source for invasive infections. despite various investigations on aerobic community members based on traditional cultivation methods, little is known on the overall microbial composition and complex in situ interactions, but such knowledge is highly warranted for effective s. aureus control strategies. as assessed using advanced culture-independent approaches, this stu ...201020182526
antibacterial activity of lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa).methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a multidrug-resistant microorganism and the principal nosocomial pathogen worldwide. the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against mrsa from ten human clinical isolates as well as mrsa standard strain atcc 43300 was tested in vitro. the lactobacillus (lb.) strains (lb. acidophilus cl1285(®) and lb. casei lbc80r) as pure cultures, which came from commercial food products were employed. the growth inhibitory effect produced by the ...201020116228
bioactive bromophycolides r-u from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus.four new bromophycolides, r-u (1-4), were isolated from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus and were identified by 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectroscopic analyses. these compounds expand the known structural variety of diterpene-benzoate macrolides and exhibited modest cytotoxicity toward selected human cancer cell lines. bromophycolide s (2) also showed submicromolar activity against the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum.201020141173
a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure linezolid and daptomycin concentrations in human plasma.daptomycin and linezolid, recently introduced to treat severe gram-positive infections, are effective against multidrug-resistant gram-positive microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteria that are less sensitive or frankly resistant, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus. however, alteration of their plasma profile has been described in some patients and this may be associa ...201020216115
antibacterial activity of carvacrol and 2-nitro-1-propanol against single and mixed populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in corn flour dough.cereal doughs are an important part of human diet, but at the same time can act as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, four pathogenic or toxinogenic bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus) were inoculated in a dough made from corn flour in combination with the single antimicrobial compounds carvacrol and 2-nitro-1-propanol (2npoh). survival of single and mixed population ...201020141946
biofilm formation on bone grafts and bone graft substitutes: comparison of different materials by a standard in vitro test and microcalorimetry.we analyzed the initial adhesion and biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus (atcc 29213) and s. epidermidis rp62a (atcc 35984) on various bone grafts and bone graft substitutes under standardized in vitro conditions. in parallel, microcalorimetry was evaluated as a real-time microbiological assay in the investigation of biofilm formation and material science research. the materials beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-tcp), processed human spongiosa (tutoplast) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (pmma ...201020226886
emergence of mrsa clone st22 in healthy young adults in the community in the absence of risk factors.one thousand adults aged between 18 and 35 years were investigated for nasal colonization with community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa). each volunteer completed a questionnaire to assess the presence or absence of risk factors for hospital-acquired mrsa (ha-mrsa) carriage. all mrsa isolated were characterized by microbiological and molecular methods. a s. aureus carriage rate of 22% and a mrsa carriage rate of 0.7% were observed. analysis of the questionnaires re ...201020144250
polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediate staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin-induced lung inflammation and injury.community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) is epidemic in the united states, even rivaling hiv/aids in its public health impact. the pandemic clone usa300, like other ca-mrsa strains, expresses panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl), a pore-forming toxin that targets polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). pvl is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, but data from rodent infection models are inconclusive. rodent pmns are less susceptible ...201020231457
atomic layer deposition-based functionalization of materials for medical and environmental health applications.nanoporous alumina membranes exhibit high pore densities, well-controlled and uniform pore sizes, as well as straight pores. owing to these unusual properties, nanoporous alumina membranes are currently being considered for use in implantable sensor membranes and water purification membranes. atomic layer deposition is a thin-film growth process that may be used to modify the pore size in a nanoporous alumina membrane while retaining a narrow pore distribution. in addition, films deposited by me ...201020308114
pig-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: family transmission and severe pneumonia in a newborn.carriage of pig-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is known to occur in pig farmers. zoonotic lineages of mrsa have been considered of low virulence and with limited capacity for inter-human spread. we present a case of family transmission of pig-associated mrsa st398, which resulted in a severe infection in a newborn.201020121648
necrotising pneumonia due to influenza a (h1n1) and community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clone usa300: successful management of the first documented paediatric case.necrotising pneumonia in young, previously healthy patients due to panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) producing staphylococcus aureus has been increasingly recognised. pvl pneumonia is often associated with influenza co-infection and high mortality. this case report describes the successful management of the first documented paediatric case of a previous healthy adolescent who developed necrotising pneumonia due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant (ca-mrsa) clone usa300 with pandemic infl ...201020335240
cutting edge: bacterial infection induces hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion in the absence of tlr signaling.bone marrow (bm) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) can be activated by type i ifns, tlr agonists, viruses, and bacteria to increase hematopoiesis. in this study, we report that endotoxin treatment in vivo induces tlr4, myd88, and toll/il-1 resistance domain-containing adaptor-inducing ifn-beta (trif)-dependent expansion of bm hspcs. bacterial infection by staphylococcus aureus or cecal ligation and puncture also induces hspc expansion, but myd88, trif, type i ifn, cytokine, pg, or ...201020130216
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel dysfunction in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.although in patients with diffuse bronchiectasis (db) and a normal sweat test the presence of one mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene is frequently observed, its pathogenic role in the development of db remains unclear.201020167849
severe rotational deformity, quadriparesis and respiratory embarrassment due to osteomyelitis at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction.we present the case of an 83-year-old man who developed quadriparesis and respiratory embarrassment following osteomyelitis at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction. he had developed an abscess at this site after an earlier urinary infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. stabilisation of the neck and antibiotic therapy led to an almost complete neurological recovery without recourse to anterior surgery.201020130325
clearance of experimental cutaneous staphylococcus aureus infections in mice.staphylococcal skin infections are quite common in human patients. these infections often clear spontaneously, but may also progress locally and/or disseminate to cause serious and sometimes fatal deep infections. the present studies were undertaken to examine the clearance phase of experimental cutaneous staphylococcus aureus infections in a mouse model system. previous work in this system has shown that staphylococci applied to the skin rapidly disseminate to the spleen and kidney. in the pres ...201020130894
characterization of the in vitro activity of novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotics.the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is of significant concern. resistance to the widely-used and highly effective glycopeptide antibacterial agent vancomycin, which has been in clinical use for over half a century, has emerged in staphylococci and enterococci. this has spurred the development of newer glycopeptide agents, some of which show activity against vancomycin-resistant organisms. the newer agents currently being developed contain lipophilic side-chains, ...201020131224
clumping factor a interaction with complement factor i increases c3b cleavage on the bacterial surface of staphylococcus aureus and decreases complement-mediated phagocytosis.the human complement system is important in the immunological control of staphylococcus aureus infection. we showed previously that s. aureus surface protein clumping factor a (clfa), when expressed in recombinant form, bound complement control protein factor i and increased factor i cleavage of c3b to ic3b. in the present study, we show that, compared to the results for the wild type, when isogenic clfa-deficient s. aureus mutants were incubated in serum, they bound less factor i, generated les ...201020100856
cooperation of tlr2 with myd88, pi3k, and rac1 in lipoteichoic acid-induced cpla2/cox-2-dependent airway inflammatory responses.lipoteichoic acid (lta) plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses induced by gram-positive bacterial infection. cytosolic phospholipase a(2) (cpla(2)), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), and interleukin (il)-6 have been demonstrated to engage in airway inflammation. in this study, lta-induced cpla(2) and cox-2 expression and pge(2) or il-6 synthesis were attenuated by transfection with sirnas of tlr2, myd88, akt, p42, p38, jnk2, and p65 or pretreatment ...201020167866
quantitative analysis and molecular fingerprinting of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in different patient populations: a prospective, multicenter study.to better understand the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization or infection in different patient populations, to perform quantitative analysis of mrsa in nasal cultures, and to characterize strains using molecular fingerprinting.201020402589
isolation, phylogenetic analysis and anti-infective activity screening of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes.terrestrial actinomycetes are noteworthy producers of a multitude of antibiotics, however the marine representatives are much less studied in this regard. in this study, 90 actinomycetes were isolated from 11 different species of marine sponges that had been collected from offshore ras mohamed (egypt) and from rovinj (croatia). phylogenetic characterization of the isolates based on 16s rrna gene sequencing supported their assignment to 18 different actinomycete genera representing seven differen ...201020411105
late bacterial endocarditis of an amplatzer atrial septal defect occluder device.a 66-year-old man with a large secundum atrial septal defect (asd) that had been repaired percutaneously 30 months previously with an amplatzer asd occluder (aso) presented with fevers and staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. transesophageal echocardiography revealed a 1.5 x 1.5 cm mobile mass on the left atrial side of his aso consistent with a vegetation. when the aso was explanted, the left atrial side of the device was poorly endothelialized. in conclusion, the present report is the first descr ...201020102932
synthetic cationic peptide idr-1002 provides protection against bacterial infections through chemokine induction and enhanced leukocyte recruitment.with the rapid rise in the incidence of multidrug resistant infections, there is substantial interest in host defense peptides as templates for production of new antimicrobial therapeutics. natural peptides are multifunctional mediators of the innate immune response, with some direct antimicrobial activity and diverse immunomodulatory properties. we have previously developed an innate defense regulator (idr) 1, with protective activity against bacterial infection mediated entirely through its ef ...201020107187
risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study.risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study. a total of 197 animals from 150 veterinary practices across the united kingdom was enrolled, including 105 mrsa cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) infection. the association of owners and veterinarian staff with the human healthcare sector (hcs) and animal-related characteristics such as signalment, antimicrobial and ...201020423695
relative contribution of panton-valentine leukocidin to pmn plasma membrane permeability and lysis caused by usa300 and usa400 culture supernatants.panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) is a cytolytic toxin associated with severe community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infections. however, the relative contribution of pvl to host cell lysis during ca-mrsa infection remains unknown. here we investigated the relative contribution of pvl to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) plasma membrane permeability and lysis in vitro by using culture supernatants from wild-type and isogenic luks/f-pv negative (deltapvl) ...201020172045
staphylococcal superantigen super-domains in immune evasion.staphylococcus aureus is a robust pathogen that is capable of growing in virtually any part of the human body, and can also survive and grow in many other species. s. aureus remains the most frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection and, with the emergence and spread of drug-resistant, hypervirulent, community-acquired strains, the specter looms of the ultimate superbug. s. aureus produces an array of immune evasion factors that target various components of host immune defense. among them ar ...201020370627
unsuspected polymicrobial brain abscess arising from an intra-abdominal source in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.the unusual and unprecedented occurrence of a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (hht) and a polymicrobial abscess with three different organisms, including fungi, is reported. the patient was a 48-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and hht who was brought to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident with altered mental status. computed tomography did not reveal evidence of acute brain injury but showed a left frontal brain abscess. the patient und ...201020622729
inhibition of biological activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) by apple juice and apple polyphenols.the foodborne pathogen staphylococcus aureus produces the virulent staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), a single-chain protein that consists of 233 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 27 078 da. sea is a superantigen that is reported to contribute to animal (mastitis) and human (emesis, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and toxic shock) syndromes. changes of the native structural integrity may inactivate the toxin by preventing molecular interaction with cell membrane receptor si ...201020402509
intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.the intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. intracellular ub-8902 concentrations were 6-fold higher than extracellular levels. uptake was rapid, reversible, saturable, and affected by external ph. ub-8902 showed intracellular activity against staphylococcus aureus strains presenting mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyra and/or grla genes.201020417992
purulent spondylitis related to anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer surgery.a 73-year-old man underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for advanced esophageal cancer with palliative intent. cervical esophagogastrostomy with circular-stapled end-to-side anastomosis was performed; however, anastomotic fistula developed. fever, severe pain in the nape of the neck and numbness of the left hand were noted after drainage by wide opening of cervicotomy and the administration of empiric antibiotics. magnetic reson ...201020442207
once-daily gentamicin administration for community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model: preliminary reports for the advantages for optimizing pharmacodynamic index.community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (camrsa) infections are increasing. although gentamicin (gen) is usually susceptible against ca-mrsa, gen is rarely considered for treatment as monotherapy. we employed an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (ivpdm) to compare efficacies of gen against ca-mrsa with two dosing regimens [thrice-daily (td), once-daily (od)].201020635447
[inhibitive effect and mechanism of monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87].to investigate the in vitro inhibitive effect and apoptotic mechanism of bdi-1 monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87.201020646593
staphylococcus aureus recovery from environmental and human locations in 2 collegiate athletic teams.staphylococcus aureus is spread via direct contact with persons and indirect contact via environmental surfaces such as weight benches. athletes participating in direct-contact sports have an increased risk of acquiring s aureus infections.201020446834
[bacteremia on femoral catheter infection: an unusual cause of orbital cellulitis].the authors report a case of orbital cellulitis complicating bacteremia on central catheter infection. a 51-year-old man, with a history of diabetes and end-stage renal disease, was admitted for left exophthalmos with inflammatory chemosis, fever, and worsening of his general state. the ct scan showed exophthalmos with thickening of soft tissues and infiltration of the ocular fat without collection or sinus impairment. orbital cellulitis was diagnosed. the etiological investigations showed staph ...201020494474
size-based separations as an important discriminator in development of proximity ligation assays for protein or organism detection.proximity ligation is a powerful technique to measure minute concentrations of target protein with high specificity, and it has been demonstrated to be effective on a wide variety of protein targets. the proximity ligation assay (pla) technique is shown to be compromised by the amplification of a nonspecific fluorescent product that is not indicative of protein presence, which was previously unidentified in a published procedure. this result illuminates the complexity of designing the optimal pl ...201020419707
antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of the marsabit clawed frog xenopus borealis (pipidae).nine peptides with differential growth inhibitory activity against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the tetraploid frog xenopus borealis parker, 1936 (pipidae). structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that they were orthologous to magainin-2 (1 peptide), peptide glycine-leucine-amide, pgla (2 peptides), caerulein-precursor fragments, cpf (4 peptides), and xenopsin-precursor fragments, xpf (2 peptides), pre ...201020656059
[cutaneous ulcers and glycogen storage disease type 1b].glycogen storage disease type 1b is a rare disorder caused by 6-glucose-phosphatase transport deficiency. it is characterised primarily by metabolic disorders combined with hypoglycaemia and hyperlactacidaemia and a predisposition to staphylococcal infections associated with polynuclear neutrophil abnormality. herein, we report the case of a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1b who developed ulcers of the lower limbs and we discuss the possible significance of this association which, to ...201020470920
staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 5 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 from human neutrophils.staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (ssls) constitute a family of exoproteins exhibiting structural similarities to superantigens and enterotoxins but no superantigenic activity. in this article, we present evidence that ssl5 specifically binds to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) and inhibits its enzymatic activity. when human neutrophil cell lysate was applied to recombinant his-tagged ssl5 conjugated to sepharose, the bound fraction gave a major band of approximately 100 kda in sds-pol ...201020479083
nanosized dendritic polyguanidilyated translocators for enhanced solubility, permeability, and delivery of gatifloxacin.dendrimeric polyguanidilyated translocators (dpts) are nanosized novel dendrimers that efficiently translocate molecules across biological barriers. the purpose of this study was to develop a dpt that could serve as an ophthalmic delivery vehicle for gatifloxacin and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo delivery after topical application.201020484584
anti-inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria-derived factors.catechins (bioactive polyphenols in green tea) are known to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. however, the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins on inflamed dental pulp tissue are not known. in this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and epicatechin gallate (ecg), the major components of green tea catechins, on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp cells stimulated with bacteria-derived factors suc ...201020487003
contribution of il-18 to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by immunization and challenge with staphylococcus aureus proteins.we previously reported that intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (ova) plus il-18 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice with ova-specific t(h)1 cells. these two conditions can be prevented by neutralizing anti-ifn-gamma and anti-il-13 antibodies, respectively. the mice develop ahr and eosinophilic airway inflammation after challenge with ova plus lps instead of il-18 and endogenous il-18 is known to be involved. in contrast, il-18 does not facilitat ...201020497957
a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver abscess.liver abscesses caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are rarely reported. we report such a case in a 25-year-old man who presented with an intermittent fever. he had a history of prolonged antibiotic use for acne and skin abscesses. the liver abscess was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and a prolonged course of linezolid. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver ...201020519761
staphylococcus aureus ai-2 quorum sensing associates with the kdpde two-component system to regulate capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence.autoinducer 2 (ai-2) is widely recognized as a signal molecule for intra- and interspecies communication in gram-negative bacteria, but its signaling function in gram-positive bacteria, especially in staphylococcus aureus, remains obscure. here we reveal the role of luxs in the regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in s. aureus nctc8325 and show that ai-2 can regulate gene expression and is involved in some physiological activities in s. aureus as a signaling molecule. inactivation of ...201020498265
activation of plasminogen by staphylokinase reduces the severity of staphylococcus aureus systemic infection.staphylokinase (sak) is produced by the majority of staphylococcus aureus strains. it is an extracellular protein that activates the conversion of human plasminogen (plg) to plasmin. the role played by sak in staphylococcal infection is unclear.201020726765
assessment of oritavancin serum protein binding across species.biophysical methods to study the binding of oritavancin, a lipoglycopeptide, to serum protein are confounded by nonspecific drug adsorption to labware surfaces. we assessed oritavancin binding to serum from mouse, rat, dog, and human by a microbiological growth-based method under conditions that allow near-quantitative drug recovery. protein binding was similar across species, ranging from 81.9% in human serum to 87.1% in dog serum. these estimates support the translation of oritavancin exposure ...201020498314
[community-associated mrsa and panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl): novel trends in epidemiology and forensic implications].the propagation of multi-resistant bacteria, especially methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains (mrsa), in hospitals and nursing homes is a well-known sanitary and therapeutic problem (healthcare-associated mrsa, ha-mrsa). for some years, an increasing incidence of mrsa outside the hospital environment (community-acquired or community-associated mrsa, ca-mrsa) has been observed all over the world, which, contrary to the hospital strains, produces the leukocytotoxic toxin pvl and cau ...201020506711
antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy of antineoplastic agent capped gold nanoparticles.synthesis of thioguanine (tg)-capped au nanoparticles (au@tg) and their enhanced in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy against micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, e. coli, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger and hep2 cancer cell (human epidermiod cell) have been reported. the nature of binding between 6-tg and the gold nanoparticles via complexation is investigated using ultraviolet-visible spectrum, cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscop ...201020738066
epistatic relationships between sara and agr in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.the accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sara) play opposing roles in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. there is mounting evidence to suggest that these opposing roles are therapeutically relevant in that mutation of agr results in increased biofilm formation and decreased antibiotic susceptibility while mutation of sara has the opposite effect. to the extent that induction of agr or inhibition of sara could potentially be used to limit biofilm formation, ...201020520723
treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive bacteria.an increasing proportion of staphylococcus aureus infections are caused by methicillin-resistant s aureus. treatment of infections caused by this organism is challenging, especially because therapy with vancomycin, the traditional antibiotic of choice for methicillin-resistant s aureus infections, is associated with an increasing frequency of treatment failure, and vancomycin insensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains have emerged. in addition, enterococcus sp. isolated from human infections a ...201020823699
patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by organ failure show highly aberrant monocyte signaling profiles assessed by phospho-specific flow cytometry.to outline signaling profiles and transmigration capacity of monocytes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.201020512034
chemical composition and antibacterial activities of illicium verum against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.in recent years, human pathogenic microorganisms have developed multiple drug resistance and caused serious nosocomial infections. in this study, we identified four new antimicrobial compounds from the chinese herbal medicine illicium verum and assessed their antibacterial efficacies. the supercritical co₂ and ethanol extracts of illicium verum showed substantial antibacterial activity against 67 clinical drug-resistant isolates, including 27 acinetobacter baumannii, 20 pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ...201020828316
staphylococcus aureus nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites regulate virulence.staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is resistant to numerous antibiotics in clinical use. we found two nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites--the aureusimines, made by s. aureus--that are not antibiotics, but function as regulators of virulence factor expression and are necessary for productive infections. in vivo mouse models of bacteremia showed that strains of s. aureus unable to produce aureusimines were attenuated and/or cleared from major organs, including the spleen, ...201020522739
ifn-gamma enhances killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes more effectively than gm-csf in the presence of daptomycin and other antibiotics.because cytokines have been utilized in treatment of sepsis in neonates, we studied the effects of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and gm-csf on killing of intracellular methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) by human monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) in the presence of daptomycin (dap), rifampin (rif), gentamicin (gen), and combinations of these drugs. mdm infected with mrsa were treated with dap (1 x mic), gen (0.5 x mic), or rif (1 x mic), singly or in combination, with or without cy ...201020580568
the human nasal microbiota and staphylococcus aureus carriage.colonization of humans with staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. s. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of approximately 50% of healthy adults, whereas approximately 50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of s. aureus colonization we determined the compos ...201020498722
inactivation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) on various environmental surfaces by mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant.contaminated environmental surfaces are important reservoirs in the transmission of many human pathogens. although several options exist for disinfecting contaminated environmental surfaces, few are compatible with use on both hard smooth non-porous (hard) and soft porous surfaces (soft) while still offering significant disinfection of the contaminating organisms. this study evaluated the efficacy of mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfe ...201020574884
rapid neutrophil destruction following phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus.mechanisms underlying the enhanced virulence phenotype of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) are incompletely defined, but presumably include evasion of killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns or neutrophils). to better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the basis of rapid pmn lysis after phagocytosis of usa300, a prominent ca-mrsa strain. survival of usa300 clinical isolates after phagocytosis ultimately resulted in neutrophil lysis. ...201020587998
nanosized aluminum altered immune function.on the basis of their uses in jet fuels and munitions, the most likely scenario for aluminum nanoparticle (np) exposure is inhalation. nps have been shown to be capable of penetrating deep into the alveolar regions of the lung, and therefore human alveolar macrophages (u937) with human type ii pneumocytes (a549) were cultured together and exposed to nps dispersed in an artificial lung surfactant to more accurately mimic the lung microenvironment. two types of nps were evaluated: aluminum (al) an ...201020593840
tlr-2-mediated cytokine and chemokine secretion in human keratinocytes.the human epidermis provides a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens. resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. they establish the local cytokine and chemokine milieu which is necessary for attracting other cells participating in an immune response. toll-like receptor (tlr)-2 recognizes components of s. aureus and is known to be e ...201020849532
the expression of toll-like receptors in dermatological diseases and the therapeutic effect of current and newer topical toll-like receptor modulators.toll-like receptors are a group of glycoproteins located mostly in cellular membranes, capable of recognizing certain molecules in exogenous microorganisms and initiating immune responses against them through the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways. toll-like receptors can be stimulated when an inflammatory reaction is needed for the treatment of conditions, such as viral infections or skin cancer, or can be inhibited when a reduction of inflammation is necessary for the treat ...201020877521
staphylococcus aureus induces apoptosis of human monocytic u937 cells via nf-kappab signaling pathways.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous infections. s. aureus have been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types. however, the mechanisms regulating primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cell death following s. aureus challenge are unknown. in this study, we found that infection of primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cells with s. aureus induced rapid cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner displaying the ch ...201020600795
isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern united states.reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. in this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states. a total of 339 and 491 isolates from charleston, sc (chs) and indian river ...201020888150
binding of the staphylococcus aureus leucotoxin lukm to its leucocyte targets.the range of leucocytes susceptible to the leucotoxin lukm/f', a two-component pore-forming toxin of staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis in ruminants, had not been defined. we used fluorescent-labeled lukm to investigate the binding of this toxin to bovine cells and to identify its cellular targets among bovine, human and murine leucocytes. lukm bound to bovine blood neutrophils from all the individuals tested with similar affinity, with an apparent dissociation constant (kd) of 1.81 ± 0.14 n ...201020624452
the rab11a gtpase controls toll-like receptor 4-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 on phagosomes.toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is indispensable for recognition of gram-negative bacteria. we described a trafficking pathway for tlr4 from the endocytic recycling compartment (erc) to e. coli phagosomes. we found a prominent colocalization between tlr4 and the small gtpase rab11a in the erc, and rab11a was involved in the recruitment of tlr4 to phagosomes in a process requiring tlr4 signaling. also, toll-receptor-associated molecule (tram) and interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf3) localized to e. ...201020933442
staphylococcus intermedius is not only a zoonotic pathogen, but may also cause skin abscesses in humans after exposure to saliva.staphylococcus intermedius is a very rare human pathogen. there are only 16 cases in the literature that have described s. intermedius as a cause of infection in humans. most of these cases have been described in association with exposure to animals, mostly dogs. however, this pathogen can cause infection in healthy individuals even without exposure to animals.201020934636
evolutionary genomics of staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation.phenotypic biotyping has traditionally been used to differentiate bacteria occupying distinct ecological niches such as host species. for example, the capacity of staphylococcus aureus from sheep to coagulate ruminant plasma, reported over 60 years ago, led to the description of small ruminant and bovine s. aureus ecovars. the great majority of small ruminant isolates are represented by a single, widespread clonal complex (cc133) of s. aureus, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis ...201020624747
powerful usage of phylogenetically diverse staphylococcus aureus control strains for detecting multidrug resistance genes in transcriptomics studies.staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for life-threatening septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. although positive (mrsa; atcc 33591) and negative (mssa; atcc 25923) control strains have been used for various pathogenesis or assay studies, little is known about the genomic structure of the strains, and there has been little genome-wide expression analysis. phylogenetic analyses revealed that atcc 33591 and atcc 25923 are the most genetically diverse strai ...201020652498
long acting beta2-agonist and corticosteroid restore airway glandular cell function altered by bacterial supernatant.staphylococcus aureus releases virulence factors (vf) that may impair the innate protective functions of airway cells. the aim of this study was to determine whether a long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist (salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate, sal) combined with a corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate, fp) was able to regulate ion content and cytokine expression by airway glandular cells after exposure to s. aureus supernatant.201020089165
temporal expression of adhesion factors and activity of global regulators during establishment of staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization.the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus successfully colonizes its primary reservoir, the nasal cavity, most likely by regulatory adaptation to the nose environment. cotton rats represent an excellent model for the study of bacterial gene expression in the initial phases of colonization. to gain insight into the expression profile necessary for the establishment of colonization, we performed direct transcript analysis by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on ...201020307206
biochemical, functional and structural characterization of akbu-laao: a novel snake venom l-amino acid oxidase from agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis.an l-amino acid oxidase (akbu-laao) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake using deae sephadex a-50 ion-exchange, sephadex g-75 gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatographies. the homogeneity and molecular mass of akbu-laao were analyzed by sds-page and maldi-tof spectrometry. the sequences of ten peptides from akbu-laao were established by hplc-nesi-ms/ms analysis. protein sequence alignment indicated that i) that akbu-laao is a new snake venom laao ...201020100538
enhanced expression and secretion of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis and after superficial skin injury.human skin can defend itself against potentially invading microorganisms by production of antimicrobial peptides (amps). the expression of amps in atopic dermatitis (ad) is still emerging. to gain more insight into the role of amps in ad, we systematically analyzed the expression of ribonuclease 7 (rnase 7), psoriasin, and human beta-defensins (hbd)-2 and -3 in ad compared with psoriatic and healthy control skin as well as after experimental barrier disruption. immunostaining revealed enhanced e ...201020107483
mrsa screening may benefit h1n1 patients. 201020337177
community-acquired pneumonia due to pandemic a(h1n1)2009 influenzavirus and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus co-infection.bacterial pneumonia is a well described complication of influenza. in recent years, community-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (cmrsa) infection has emerged as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with influenza. since the emergence and rapid dissemination of pandemic a(h1n1)2009 influenzavirus in april 2009, initial descriptions of the clinical features of patients hospitalized with pneumonia have contained few details of patients with bacterial co-infection.201020090931
update: a 39-year-old man with a skin infection. 201020051570
molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus in lebanon.staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and is a growing public health concern. in this study, 130 s. aureus, 93 methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and 37 methicillin-sensitive s. aureus (mssa), clinical isolates recovered from lebanon were typed by protein a gene (spa) sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). forty-eight different spa types were identified and clustered into 30 different groups. mlst revealed 10 sequence types (sts) among the isolates. there were eigh ...201020202283
complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.the plasma proteins of the complement system are essential in the innate immune response against bacteria. complement labels bacteria with opsonins to support phagocytosis and generates chemoattractants to attract phagocytes to the site of infection. in turn, bacterial human pathogens have evolved different strategies to specifically impair the complement response. here, we review the large arsenal of complement inhibitors produced by the gram-positive pathogens staphylococcus aureus and group a ...201020062962
improved accuracy of cell surface shaving proteomics in staphylococcus aureus using a false-positive control.proteolytic treatment of intact bacterial cells is an ideal means for identifying surface-exposed peptide epitopes and has potential for the discovery of novel vaccine targets. cell stability during such treatment, however, may become compromised and result in the release of intracellular proteins that complicate the final analysis. staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, causing community and hospital-acquired infections, and is a serious healthcare concern due to the increasing preval ...201020217865
natural variability of in vitro adherence to fibrinogen and fibronectin does not correlate with in vivo infectivity of staphylococcus aureus.adherence to fibrinogen and fibronectin plays a crucial role in staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis. previous genetic studies have shown that infection and carriage isolates do not systematically differ in their virulence-related genes, including genes conferring adherence, such as clfa and fnba. we set out to determine the range of adherence phenotypes in carriage isolates of s. aureus, to compare the adherence of these isolates to the adherence of infection isolates, and to determi ...201020065030
a novel human skin chamber model to study wound infection ex vivo.wound infections with multi-drug resistant bacteria increase morbidity and mortality and have considerable socioeconomic impact. they can lead to impaired wound healing, resulting in rising treatment costs. the aim of this study was to investigate an ex vivo human wound infection model. human full-thickness skin from the operating room (or) was placed into the bo-drum and cultivated for 7 days in an air-liquid interphase. on day 8, the skin was inoculated with either (1) pseudomonas aeruginosa, ...201019956960
controlling the release of peptide antimicrobial agents from surfaces.medical conditions are often exacerbated by the onset of infection caused by hospital dwelling bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus. antibiotics taken orally or intravenously can require large and frequent doses, further contributing to the sharp rise in resistant bacteria observed over the past several decades. these existing antibiotics are also often ineffective in preventing biofilm formation, a common cause of medical device failure. local delivery of new therapeutic agents that do not al ...201020004967
a proteomic view of cell physiology and virulence of staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen that has advanced to a main problem in hospital settings since effective treatment options for infections caused by this pathogen are limited. thus, new strategies to prevent and treat s. aureus infections and rapid diagnostic tools are urgently needed. the course of an s. aureus infection largely depends on successful adaptation to the host environment and a very complex and poorly understood interplay of bacterial virulence factors with each other and ...201020005169
bactericidal activity of daptomycin versus vancomycin in the presence of human albumin against vancomycin-susceptible but tolerant methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) with daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-2microg/ml.this study explored the influence of vancomycin tolerance and protein binding on the bactericidal activity of vancomycin versus daptomycin (protein binding 36.9% vs. 91.7%, respectively) against four vancomycin-tolerant methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) [minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (mic/mbc)=0.5/16, 1/32, 2/32 and 1/32microg/ml for vancomycin and 1/1, 1/2, 2/2 and 2/4microg/ml for daptomycin]. killing curves were performed with vancomycin/ ...201020006469
the p2x7-nonmuscle myosin membrane complex regulates phagocytosis of nonopsonized particles and bacteria by a pathway attenuated by extracellular atp.phagocytosis of nonopsonized bacteria is central to innate immunity, but its regulation is less defined. we show that overexpression of the p2x(7) receptor greatly augments the phagocytosis of nonopsonized beads and heat-killed bacteria by transfected hek-293 cells, whereas blocking p2x(7) expression by sirna significantly reduces the phagocytic ability of human monocytic cells. an intact p2x(7)-nonmuscle myosin complex is required for phagocytosis of nonopsonized beads because activation of p2x ...201020007545
antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in animals and man: prescribing, practices and policies.this meeting focused on infections in humans and animals due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria and clostridium difficile, and their corresponding treatments. mrsa is predominantly a human pathogen, and molecular typing has revealed that certain clones have spread widely both between humans and from humans to animals. esbl-producing bacteria, particularly those that express the ctx-m beta-lactamases, have been dissemi ...201020045808
recombination between ccrc genes in a type v (5c2&5) staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (sccmec) of staphylococcus aureus st398 leads to conversion from methicillin resistance to methicillin susceptibility in vivo.various types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (sccmec) are known to confer methicillin resistance on the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus. such cassettes are not always stably maintained. the present studies were aimed at identifying the mechanism underlying the in vivo conversion of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) to methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) derivatives as encountered in two patients suffering from pneumonia and an umbilicus infection, respectively. all ...201019995931
opposite effects of simvastatin on the bactericidal and inflammatory response of macrophages to opsonized s. aureus.besides lowering circulating cholesterol, statins act as immunomodulators. although the effects of statins on lymphocyte activation and differentiation have been clearly defined, there is no consensus as to effects of these drugs on phagocytes. we have addressed the outcome of simvastatin treatment on the activation and effector function of human macrophages in the pathophysiologically relevant context of challenge with an opportunistic pathogen. we provide evidence that: simvastatin blocks the ...201019892847
staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 10 (ssl10) binds to human immunoglobulin g (igg) and inhibits complement activation via the classical pathway.staphylococcal superantigen-like (ssl) proteins are a family of exoproteins that share structural similarity with staphylococcal superantigens but exhibit no superantigenic activity. it was previously reported that two members (ssl5 and ssl7) bound to serum components and cell adhesion molecules involved in host immune response; however, the other family members have not been functionally characterized. in this study, we attempted to isolate ssl10-binding proteins from human serum and found that ...201019913916
molecular characterization of the interaction of staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (mscramm) clfa and fbl with fibrinogen.the ligand-binding domain of fbl (the fibrinogen binding protein from staphylococcus lugdunensis) shares 60% sequence identity with clfa (clumping factor a) of staphylococcus aureus. recombinant fbl corresponding to the minimum fibrinogen-binding region (subdomains n2n3) was compared with clfa for binding to fibrinogen. fbl and clfa had very similar affinities for fibrinogen by surface plasmon resonance. the binding site for fbl in fibrinogen was localized to the extreme c terminus of the fibrin ...201020007717
llama heavy-chain antibody fragments efficiently remove toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 from plasma in vitro but not in experimental porcine septic shock.staphylococcus aureus produces the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1). when the bacterium invades the human circulation, this toxin can induce life-threatening gram-positive sepsis. current sepsis treatment does not remove bacterial toxins. variable domains of llama heavy-chain antibodies (vhh) against toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 ([alpha]-tsst-1 vhh) were previously found to be effective in vitro. we hypothesized that removing tsst-1 with [alpha]-tsst-1 vhh hemofiltration filter ...201020016410
di-k19hc, an antimicrobial peptide as new ototopical agent for treatment of otitis media.di-k19hc is a promising new ototopical antibiotic for treatment of middle ear infections associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.201020100130
structure-microbicidal activity relationship of synthetic fragments derived from the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin.there is a need for new microbicidal agents with therapeutic potential due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria and fungi. in this study, the structure-microbicidal activity relationship of amino acid residues 14 to 31 (sequence 14-31) from the n-terminal end, corresponding to the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin (lf), was investigated by downsizing, alanine scanning, and substitution of amino acids. microbicidal analysis (99% killing) was performed by a microplate assay using esch ...201019917761
activity of linezolid in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model using different dosages and staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis strains with and without a hypermutator phenotype.the influence of antibiotic dosages and bacterial mutator phenotypes on the emergence of linezolid-resistant mutants was evaluated in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. a twice-daily 0.5-h infusion of a 200-, 600-, or 800-mg dose for 48 h was simulated against four strains (mic, 2 microg/ml): staphylococcus aureus rn4220 and its mutator derivative muts2, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212, and a mutator clinical strain of e. faecalis, ef1497. the peak concentrations (4.38 to 4.79, ...201020100878
bovine muc1 inhibits binding of enteric bacteria to caco-2 cells.inhibition of bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial receptors by the consumption of natural food components is an attractive strategy for the prevention of microbial related gastrointestinal illness. we hypothesised that muc1, a highly glycosylated mucin present in cows' milk, may be one such food component. purified bovine muc1 was tested for its ability to inhibit binding of common enteric bacterial pathogens to caco-2 cells grown in vitro. muc1 caused dose-dependent binding inhibition o ...201019936918
antibacterial activity of artemisia nilagirica leaf extracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria.the six organic solvent extracts of artemisia nilagirica were screened for the potential antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens and clinically important standard reference bacterial strains.201020109237
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 201 - 300 of 2644