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prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in beef cattle in uruguay.our objective was to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus in beef cattle in uruguay. a random sample of 230 herds selected with probability proportional to population size based on the number of cattle was chosen from a list frame of all registered livestock farms as of june 1999. sera from up to 10 heifers, cows and bulls (up to 30 sera total per herd) were collected on selected farms between march 2000 and march 2001 ...200818280598
identification of two small rnas within the first 1.5-kb of the herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded latency-associated transcript.the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcript (lat) is abundantly expressed in latently infected neurons. in the rabbit or mouse ocular models of infection, expression of the first 1.5 kb of lat coding sequences is sufficient for and necessary for wild-type levels of spontaneous reactivation from latency. the antiapoptosis functions of lat, which maps to the same 1.5 kb of lat, are important for the latency-reactivation cycle because replacement of lat with other antiapop ...200818300074
dynamics of infection and immunity in a dairy cattle population undergoing an eradication programme for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr).several countries within the european union (eu) have successfully eradicated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), while others (e.g. germany) are making efforts to achieve ibr-free status. eu member states ibr eradication programmes must meet community legislation requirements that ban breeding farms from purchasing positive animals, from using whole-virus ibr vaccines, and from inseminating cows with semen from positive bulls. a follow-up study from 2002 to 2005 was carried out in the prov ...200818304663
the identification and characterization of fusogenic domains in herpes virus glycoprotein b molecules.the molecular mechanism of entry of herpes viruses requires a multicomponent fusion system. virus entry and cell-cell fusion of herpes simplex virus (hsv) requires four glycoproteins: gd, gb and gh/gl. the role of gb remained elusive until recently, when the crystal structure of hsv-1 gb became available. glycoprotein b homologues represent the most highly conserved group of herpes virus glycoproteins; however, despite the high degree of sequence and structural conservation, differences in post- ...200818311743
[the n1-18 terminus of marek's disease virus vp22 is essential for protein transduction].we previously showed some differences in marek's disease virus (mdv) vp22 gene between virulent and avirulent strains, in the deletion from 201aa to 206aa, namely 201tksert206. in this study, vp22 genes were amplified from strains: cvi988/rispens and ga. and then the fragments were subcloned into pcdna3.1/zeo(+), respectively, which were co-expressed with an enhancer green fluorescent protein (egfp) after transfection into cos-1 cells. as with both human herpesvirus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 1 vp ...200818338583
calculating the time to extinction of a reactivating virus, in particular bovine herpes virus.the expected time to extinction of a herpes virus is calculated from a rather simple population-dynamical model that incorporates transmission, reactivation and fade-out of the infectious agent. we also derive the second and higher moments of the distribution of the time to extinction. these quantities help to assess the possibilities to eradicate a reactivating infection. the key assumption underlying our calculations is that epidemic outbreaks are fast relative to the time scale of demographic ...200818342896
maturation of immunoglobulin g avidity after inactive ge deleted bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) marker vaccination.particularly for countries in which the prevalence of infection is high, prevention and control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) can be done by vaccination programs. recently, marker vaccines have been used in the control and eradication of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) infection. vaccine protection and virus circulation were estimated by individual serological testing using both gb- and ge-elisa blocking tests. however, the efficacy of vaccines in terms of avidity maturation for b ...200818355118
effect of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory virus on the incidence of respiratory disease in weaned beef calves.we investigated the effect of vaccination of male beef calves (mean age+/-s.d.: 158+/-31 days) against bovine herpes virus (bhv-1 or ibr virus), bovine respiratory syncitial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and para-influenza (pi(3)) virus on the incidence of respiratory disease during the first forty days after weaning and entering a feed-lot in portugal. in may 2003, mertolenga, preta and mixed-breed calves from 10 different beef herds, were systematically assigned (by order of ...200818378342
a simple method of infecting rabbits with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5.this report describes an alternative technique to inoculate rabbits and to reproduce infection by bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. first, the nostrils are anaesthetized by aspersion with local anaesthetic. a few seconds later, and after proving the insensitivity of the zone, the rabbits are put on their back legs with their nostrils upwards and the inoculum is introduced slowly into each nostril by using disposable droppers. clinical signs, viral isolation from nasal swabs, histological lesions found ...200818423632
herpetiform genital lesions in a heifer with mucosal disease.a 14-month-old heifer with a 17-day history of unresponsive bloody diarrhea was necropsied. there were focal, pink-red erosions of the nares and hard palate; ulcers and fissures of the tongue; and multiple ulcerative lesions of the alimentary canal. interdigital skin of both rear limbs was ulcerated and bleeding; and the margins of the vulva contained punctiform red ulcers. the gross lesions were consistent with mucosal disease. histopathology and laboratory testing ruled out rinderpest, foot-an ...200818424837
strategies for induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1 in newborn calves with maternal antibodies.the objective of this study was to evaluate th1 promoting strategies for vaccination of neonates against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). a plasmid encoding a secreted truncated version of glycoprotein d (tgd) and tgd protein formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) effectively primed the immune system of newborn lambs, whereas without cpg odn the tgd protein was less effective. furthermore, a heterologous dna prime-protein/cpg boost induced stronger and more balanced immune responses than ei ...200818433948
development of a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine follicular fluid.the objective of this study was to develop a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for simultaneous detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i and type ii. follicular fluid was collected from a bohv-1 acutely infected heifer, a bvdv i persistently infected heifer, and from 10 ovaries recovered from an abattoir. both the bohv-1 and bvdv contaminated follicular fluid were diluted 1:5 to 1:10(7) using the pooled, abattoir-origin fol ...200818452983
encephalitis in aborted bovine fetuses associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 infection.brain tissue from 12 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the wisconsin veterinary diagnostic laboratory revealed histologic lesions that consisted of glial nodules and variable degrees of mononuclear inflammation, microhemorrhage, neuronal necrosis, and cerebral cortical cavitation. a diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) abortion had been made in all of these cases through multiple testing modalities. brain tissue from 8 of the 12 fetuses was immunohistochemically stained with a monoclonal ...200818460615
neurological disease in cattle in southern brazil associated with bovine herpesvirus infection.the occurrence of neurological disease in cattle caused by bovine herpesvirus in 11 farms from southern brazil between 1987 and 2007 is described. twenty-two animals were necropsied. major clinical signs included excessive salivation, nasal and ocular discharge, circling, recumbency, depression, incoordination, grinding of teeth, and paddling movements. necropsy findings in 10 of 22 cattle included hyperemia and softening of the rostral portions of the telencephalic cortex, with flattening of gy ...200818460624
premature expression of the latency-related rna encoded by bovine herpesvirus type 1 correlates with higher levels of beta interferon rna expression in productively infected cells.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen that can initiate bovine respiratory disease complex. like other members of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, bhv-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons. the latency-related (lr) gene expresses a family of alternatively spliced transcripts in infected sensory neurons that have the potential to encode several lr proteins. an lr mutant virus that contains three stop codons near the 5' terminus of the first open reading frame in the lr ge ...200818474548
a bovine herpesvirus type 1 mutant virus specifying a carboxyl-terminal truncation of glycoprotein e is defective in anterograde neuronal transport in rabbits and calves.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) in cattle. the ability of bhv-1 to transport anterogradely from neuronal cell bodies in trigeminal ganglia (tg) to nerve ending in the noses and corneas of infected cattle following reactivation from latency plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of brdc and maintenance of bhv-1 in the cattle population. we have constructed a bhv-1 bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone by inse ...200818480434
[immune evasion of alphaherpesviruses].alphaherpesviruses represent the largest subfamily of the herpesviruses and comprise many different, closely related pathogens of man and animal, including herpes simplex virus (cold sores, genital lesions) and varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox, shingles) in man, pseudorabies virus oraujeszky's disease virus in pigs (neurological and respiratory symptoms, abortion), equine herpesvirus type 1 (neurological and respiratory symptoms, abortion), and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (respiratory symptoms, ...200818512358
a comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease.the aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (uf)/bovine respiratory disease (brd). at feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. at the time of allocation, 1 group (mlv3-bt2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and types i and ii bovine viral diarr ...200818512457
varicellovirus ul 49.5 proteins differentially affect the function of the transporter associated with antigen processing, tap.cytotoxic t-lymphocytes play an important role in the protection against viral infections, which they detect through the recognition of virus-derived peptides, presented in the context of mhc class i molecules at the surface of the infected cell. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) plays an essential role in mhc class i-restricted antigen presentation, as tap imports peptides into the er, where peptide loading of mhc class i molecules takes place. in this study, the ul 49.5 ...200818516302
seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in north-western turkey.bovine respiratory disease complex is a very important health problem around the world. present study describes serological distribution of bovine major respiratory viruses in non-vaccinated cattle population of marmara region in north-western turkey. neutralising antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (pi-3), bovine adenovirus serotype 1 (bav-1) and serotype 3 (bav-3) were ...200818551779
the in vitro antiviral activity of an aliphatic nitro compound from heteropteris aphrodisiaca.we investigated the antiviral activity of an aliphatic nitro compound (nc) isolated from heteropteris aphrodisiaca o. mach. (malpighiaceae), a brazilian medicinal plant. the nc was tested for its antiviral activity against poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) and bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) by plaque reduction assay in cell culture. the nc showed a moderate antiviral activity against pv-1 and bhv-1 in hep-2 cells, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) were 22.01 microg/ml (selectivity index (si ...200816735108
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increases bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) replication in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells in vitro.dioxin-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a common environmental toxin of current interest. in the last years, higher levels of tcdd than those permitted in ue [european commission. 2002. european commission recommendation 2002/201/ce. official gazette, l 67/69] were detected in milk samples from cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep raised on some areas of campania region (south italy). dioxin often causes immunosuppression and might render the animal liable to viral infections. in add ...200817516555
an international inter-laboratory ring trial to evaluate a real-time pcr assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in extended bovine semen.six laboratories participated in a ring trial to evaluate the reliability of a real-time pcr assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) from extended bovine semen. sets of coded samples were prepared and distributed to each of the laboratories. the sample panel contained semen from naturally and artificially infected bulls, serial dilutions of positive semen with negative semen, semen from uninfected seronegative bulls, negative semen spiked with virus, as well as serial dilutions ...200817656045
serological survey of bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in china.to understand the nationwide seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) infection of cows in china, 1344 sera of dairy cows from 29 provinces and 765 sera from 6 herds in hubei province were collected with stratified random sampling. another 483 sera from imported cows were included. the serum antibody was tested by bohv-1 gg elisa. the results demonstrated that the overall nationwide seroprevalence was 35.8% (481/1344), while the prevalence for individual province ranged from 12.1% to ...200817889456
phylogenetic comparison of the carboxy-terminal region of glycoprotein c (gc) of bovine herpesviruses (bohv) 1.1, 1.2 and 5 from south america (sa).different types and subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and bohv-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, in such a way that type/subtype differentiation has become an essential tool for understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of bohv infections. in search for a genomic region that would allow a clear distinction between bohv-1 and bohv-5, the carboxy-terminal portion of glycoprotein c (gc), corresponding to residues 321-450 (bohv-1) and 301-429 (boh ...200817889957
antiviral activity and mode of action of a peptide isolated from sorghum bicolor.in this paper, we describe the purification of an antiviral peptide from seeds of sorghum bicolor l. by a procedure that included gel filtration, ion exchange, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) in a reversed-phase column. its molecular weight, determined by chromatographic mobility on the shim-pack diol-150 gel permeation column in hplc, was found to be 2000da. the peptide designated 2kd peptide strongly inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), dose-depen ...200817890069
animal vaccination and the evolution of viral pathogens.despite reducing disease, vaccination rarely protects against infection and many pathogens persist within vaccinated animal populations. circulation of viral pathogens within vaccinated populations may favour the development of vaccine resistance with implications for the evolution of virus pathogenicity and the emergence of variant viruses. the high rate of mutations during replication of ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses is conducive to the development of escape mutants. in vaccinated cattle, unu ...200717892155
isolation and characterisation of a ruminant alphaherpesvirus closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 in a free-ranging red deer.the genus varicellovirus of the herpesviridae subfamily alphaherpesvirinae includes a cluster of viruses antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), bubaline herpesvirus 1 (buhv-1), caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1), cervid herpesviruses 1 (cvhv-1) and 2 (cvhv-2) and elk herpesvirus 1 (elkhv-1). considering the serological relationship between these ruminant alphaherpesviruses, several surveys have studied the occurrence of bohv-1 re ...200717903260
optimization of a dna vaccine against sars.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) first appeared in southern china in november 2002, and then quickly spread to 33 countries on five continents along international air travel routes. although the sars epidemic has been contained, there is a clear need for a safe and effective vaccine should an outbreak of a sars-cov infection reappear in human population. in this study, we tested four dna-vaccine constructs: (1) pll70, containing cdna for the sars-cov spike (s) gene; (2) p ...200717665998
compatibility of a live infectious bovine rhinotraheitis (ibr) marker vaccine and an inactivated bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) vaccine.the target animals and vaccination regimes for vaccines against the bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are very similar. therefore, we have compared different schedules for the combined use of a live ibr marker vaccine and an inactivated bvd vaccine. the neutralizing antibody response against bvdv did not reveal any differences between the group vaccinated only with the bvd vaccine and the groups that were vaccinated simultaneously (together in the same syri ...200717669560
[pathogenesis of mixed experimental infection caused by diarrheal viruses--bovine mucosal disease and bovine infectious rhinotracheitis in calves].the pathogenesis of mixed experimental infection caused by intranasal inoculation of seronegative calves aged 4-6 months with bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvdmd) (cytopathogenic) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (brt) viruses, was studied. consecutive injections of viruses resulted in acute respiratory disease that was severer and accompanied by necrotic rhinotracheitis and acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia than individual injections. bvdmd virus was reisolated from the samples tak ...200717722611
efficacy of a live bovine herpesvirus type 1 marker vaccine under field conditions in three countries.the performance of a live marker vaccine for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was studied in the field in three european union countries with different farming conditions. the progress in the eradication of the virus was followed in a large herd in germany and one in italy, and a major serological survey involving 147 farms was conducted in hungary. commercial batches of the same vaccine were used in all three studies. the herds were vaccinated according to agreed protocols and the animals' bhv ...200717766807
molecular and antigenic characterization of brazilian bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates recovered from the brain of cattle with neurological disease.bovine herpesviruses type 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and bohv-5) are closely related yet differ markedly in their neuropathogenic potential. bohv-1 isolates have been associated with respiratory and genital disease whereas bohv-5 has been consistently isolated from neurological infection. we report the characterization of five brazilian bohv-1 isolates associated with neurological disease, an unusual finding. all five viruses were isolated from the brain of cattle presenting neurological disease, yet promi ...200717822796
envelope protein us9 is required for the anterograde transport of bovine herpesvirus type 1 from trigeminal ganglia to nose and eye upon reactivation.in this study, the authors examined the role of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) us9 in the anterograde transport of the virus from trigeminal ganglia (tg) to nose and eye upon reactivation from latency. during primary infection, both bhv-1 us9-deleted and bhv-1 us9-rescued viruses replicated efficiently in the nasal and ocular epithelium. however, upon reactivation from latency, only the bhv-1 us9-rescued virus could be isolated in the nasal and ocular shedding. by real-time polymerase chain r ...200717849322
tap-inhibiting proteins us6, icp47 and ul49.5 differentially affect minor and major histocompatibility antigen-specific recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes.ctls specific for hematopoietic system-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens (mhags) can serve as reagents for cellular adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (sct). in the hla-mismatched setting, ctls specific for hematopoietic system-restricted mhags expressed solely by the non-self 'allo' hla molecules could be used to treat relapse after hla-mismatched sct. the generation of mhag-specific allo-hla-restricted ctls requires antigen-presenting cells (apcs) expr ...200717855435
cell-mediated immune responses induced by bhv-1: rational vaccine design.bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. although antibodies have been correlated with protection and recovery from bhv-1 infection, the cell-mediated immune response is also a critical defense mechanism because cell-to-cell spread occurs before hematogenous spread. furthermore, induction of robust t-cell memory is critical for the long-term duration of immunity. among current commercial vaccines, the attenuated conventional vaccines induce a ba ...200717542752
sample-based assessment of the microbial etiology of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis.a semiquantitative evaluation of potential bacterial pathogens was correlated to the severity of lesions during an outbreak of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (bnvv) on an israeli dairy herd. bacteriologic examination of 287 vaginal swabs from 104 post-calving heifers showed a highly significant correlation between porphyromonas levii colony forming unit numbers and the clinical scores of the lesions, when assessed by an ordinal regression statistical model. no such correlation was found for the ...200717553557
validation of a real-time pcr assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in bovine semen.a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) in extended bovine semen. the assay detects a region encoding a highly conserved glycoprotein b gene. the real-time pcr assay was validated for specificity, sensitivity and repeatability using spiked semen and semen from naturally infected animals. the real-time pcr was very rapid, highly repeatable and more sensitive (lower detection limits) than conventional virus ...200717561275
downregulation of class i major histocompatibility complex surface expression by varicella-zoster virus involves open reading frame 66 protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.we show here that the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 66 (orf66) protein kinase is one mechanism employed to reduce class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc-i) surface expression in vzv-infected cells. cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged functional and inactivated orf66 (gfp-66 and gfp-66kd) from replication-defective adenovirus vectors revealed that orf66 reduced mhc-i surface levels in a manner dependent on kinase activity. cells infected with recomb ...200717567702
relevance of the interaction between alphaherpesvirus ul3.5 and ul48 proteins for virion maturation and neuroinvasion.the ul3.5 and ul48 genes, which are conserved in most alphaherpesvirus genomes, are important for maturation of pseudorabies virus (prv) particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells (w. fuchs, b. g. klupp, h. j. rziha, and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 70:3517-3527, 1996; w. fuchs, h. granzow, b. g. klupp, m. kopp and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 76:6729-6742, 2002). in bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), the homologous gene products pul3.5 and pul48 have been demonstrated to interact physically (n. ...200717581981
microscopical lesions and antigen distribution in bovine fetal tissues and placentae following experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 during pregnancy.as part of a larger investigation, gross and histopathological examinations were carried out on six aborted and one non-viable calf born to heifers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) early in the third trimester of pregnancy. antibody titres in sera collected from the dams confirmed seroconversion following inoculation. samples of liver, lung, kidney, brain, heart, spleen, hepatic lymph node and placenta were subjected to histopathological examination. immunohistochemistry for the dete ...200717645893
bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. when animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of bohv-1 with ...200717257569
efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv and brsv in experimentally infected calves.the efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (brd) was assessed in four experimental studies. calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi(3)v), bovi ...200717276108
a chimeric baculovirus displaying bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d on its surface and their immunological properties.the ability of a recombinant baculovirus containing the ectodomain of the mature sequence of glycoprotein d (gd) fused to the amino-terminus of baculoviral glycoprotein gp64 to display gd on its surface and to serve as an improved immunogen against bovine herpesvirus-1 was tested. the gd-gp64 fusion protein was correctly expressed on the virus particles as revealed by immunomicroscopy assays. mice immunized with 5 x 10(8) plaque forming units developed antibodies that specifically reacted in an ...200717285288
a single dna immunization in combination with electroporation prolongs the primary immune response and maintains immune memory for six months.recombinant protein vaccines and vaccines using killed or inactivated pathogens frequently require multiple vaccinations to induce protective immune responses which may be of relatively short duration. furthermore, increasing concern regarding adverse local and systemic reactions to injected vaccines is driving the quest for vaccine formulations, which induce protective immunity following a single administration. vaccine studies frequently evaluate immune responses and disease protection within ...200717408815
antiapoptotic activity of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) ul14 protein.viruses have evolved different strategies to interfere with apoptotic pathways in order to halt cellular responses to infection. one previous study showed that transient transfection of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) ul14 protein is efficient in protecting madin darby kidney (mdbk) and human chronic myelogenous leukemia (k562) cells from sorbitol-induced apoptosis. this protein corresponds to a putative protein of bhv-1, which shares aminoacid sequence with a part of the peptide-binding domai ...200717408888
a protein encoded by the bovine herpesvirus 1 latency-related gene interacts with specific cellular regulatory proteins, including ccaat enhancer binding protein alpha.following acute infection, bovine herpesvirus 1 establishes latency in sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (tg). reactivation from latency occurs periodically, resulting in the shedding of infectious virus. the latency-related (lr) rna is abundantly expressed in tg of latently infected calves, and the expression of lr proteins is necessary for dexamethasone-induced reactivation from latency. previously published studies also identified an alternatively spliced lr transcript which is abundantly ...200716987965
survey of neospora caninum and bovine herpes virus 1 coinfection in cattle.a seroprevalence survey of neospora caninum and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) was conducted in cattle pasturing in an area of the southern italian apennines to investigate the coinfection of these two pathogens. blood samples were collected from 948 pastured cattle raised on 81 farms. sera were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and to bhv-1 using an elisa assay and a neutralization test, respectively. out of the 81 farms sampled, 63 (77.8%) were positive for n. caninum and 80 (98.8%) for bhv-1. ...200717053931
delivery of dna vaccines by agarose hydrogel implants facilitates genetic immunization in cattle.the present study demonstrates the interest of two slow-release systems as vaccination tools in cattle. two experiments show that a first intradermal administration of one dna vaccine dose combined with the slow-release of a second dose conduct to a priming of the bovine herpesvirus 1-specific immune response similar to the one generated by two discrete administrations 4 weeks apart. the first experiment demonstrates the efficacy of the slow-release system with well-characterized alzet osmotic p ...200717084488
characterization of field bovine herpesvirus samples using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd).bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) are members of the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae. although bohv-1 and bohv-5 are closely related viruses (their genomes share 85% similarity), they exhibit some important differences at the genetic level which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. bovine herpesvirus 5 is a neurovirulent virus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis in calves and has been described ...200717126417
eicosanoids mediate galleria mellonella cellular immune response to viral infection.nodulation is the predominant insect cellular immune response to bacterial and fungal infections and it can also be induced by some viral infections. treating seventh instar larvae of greater wax moth galleria mellonella with bovine herpes simplex virus-1 (bhsv-1) induced nodulation reactions in a dose-dependent manner. because eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial and fungal infection, we hypothesized that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to viral challenge. to test ...200717161422
rna binding by the herpes simplex virus type 1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein ul47 is mediated by an n-terminal arginine-rich domain that also functions as its nuclear localization signal.the function of the alphaherpesvirus ul47 tegument protein has not yet been defined. nonetheless, previous studies with transfected cells have shown that both the herpes simplex virus type 1 homologue (hul47, or vp13/14) and the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) homologue (bul47, or vp8) have the capacity to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. furthermore, hul47 packaged into the virion has also been shown to bind several individual virus-specific rna transcripts. here, we extend thes ...200717166902
structural evidence for a new igg1 antibody sequence allele of cattle.analysis of the heavy-chain gene (ptghc9907) encoding a bovine igg1 antibody against bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) isolated from a holstein cow has led to the identification of a new igg1 sequence allele. a comparison of nucleotide sequence of ptghc9907 with the igg1(a) (clone 2) and igg1(b) (clone 8.10) sequence variants and unclassified igg1 cdna sequence (clone 8.75) has revealed significant differences in the hinge region spanning codons 216-230. the thr224 and thr226 of igg1(a) were re ...200717212764
the infected cell protein 0 encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bicp0) induces degradation of interferon response factor 3 and, consequently, inhibits beta interferon promoter activity.the icp0 protein (bicp0) encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 is the major viral regulatory protein because it stimulates all viral promoters and, consequently, productive infection. like other icp0 analogues encoded by alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, bicp0 contains a zinc ring finger near its amino terminus that is necessary for activating transcription, regulating subcellular localization, and inhibiting interferon-dependent transcription. in this study, we discovered that sequences near the ...200717215277
epidemiology and eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr/ipv) virus in finland.infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr/ipv) is a significant disease among domestic and wild cattle. the bhv-1 infection was first detected in finland in 1970; presumably it was imported in 1968. the infection reappeared in the large-scale bulk-tank milk surveillances which started in 1990, and was eradicated in 1994. our aim is to describe the epidemiology of this infection in finland, and its eradication.200717222341
sialic acid on herpes simplex virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins is required for efficient infection of cells.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) envelope proteins are posttranslationally modified by the addition of sialic acids to the termini of the glycan side chains. although gc, gd, and gh are sialylated, it is not known whether sialic acids on these envelope proteins are functionally important. digestion of sucrose gradient purified virions for 4 h with neuraminidases that remove both alpha2,3 and alpha2,6 linked sialic acids reduced titers by 1,000-fold. digestion with a alpha2,3-specific neuramin ...200717229687
[genetic variation and recombination have profound medical implications].in the family herpesviridae, the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae contains numerous pathogenic viruses, i.e. herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. these double-stranded dna viruses exhibit a complex cycle combining lytic and latent infections. moreover, both intranuclear replication and a sophisticated dna replication machinery allow an efficient proof-reading mechanism of correction. a low mutation rate is therefore encountered by these viruses. recombination can be identified as a key eleme ...200718429486
a review of the biology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), its role as a cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex and development of improved vaccines.infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. bhv-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc), which costs the us cattle industry approximately 3 billion dollars annually. bhv-1 encodes at least three proteins that can inhibit specific arms of the immune system: (i) bicp0 inhibits interferon-dependent transcription, (ii) the ul41.5 protein inhib ...200718218160
immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory tract disease is a multi-factorial disease complex involving several viruses and bacteria. viruses that play prominent roles in causing the bovine respiratory disease complex include bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parinfluenza-3 virus. bacteria that play prominent roles in this disease complex are mannheimia haemolytica and mycoplasma bovis. other bacteria that infect the bovine respiratory tract of cattle are histophi ...200718218162
[infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral gg expression and gg-elisa development].taking the genome dna of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) as the template, the gg gene was amplified with pcr and cloned into the t cloning vector pmd18-t. after being identified by restriction digestion and dna sequencing, the insert was subcloned into the expression vector pgex-kg. sodium docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blot assay showed that this gene was expressed as both soluble form and inclusion body by the transformed e. coli bl21 s ...200718051856
clinical protection against caprine herpesvirus 1 genital infection by intranasal administration of a live attenuated glycoprotein e negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine.caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1) is responsible of systemic diseases in kids and genital diseases leading to abortions in goats. cphv-1 is widespread and especially in mediterranean countries as greece, italy and spain. cphv-1 is antigenically and genetically closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1). taking into account the biological properties shared by these two viruses, we decided in the current study to assess the protection of a live attenuated glycoprotein e (ge) negative bohv-1 vac ...200718053233
a live bovine herpesvirus-1 marker vaccine is not shed after intramuscular vaccination.it should be established, whether animals vaccinated intramuscularly (im) with a live bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) marker vaccine become viremic and/or excrete vaccine virus with nasal discharge. five cattle, seronegative for bhv-1, were vaccinated with an overdose of the vaccine (bovilis ibr marker live) via the im route. nasal swabs and blood samples were taken at regular intervals and tested for bhv-1 in a virus infectivity assay. in addition, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) specific f ...200718085158
comparative approaches to the investigation of responses to stress and viral infection in cattle.fatal bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a major cause of financial losses in the cattle industry. a variety of stressors have been implicated as contributing to disease severity. however, it has proven difficult to determine the role these individual factors may play in the final outcome of this disease complex. the objective of the present investigation was to obtain proteomic, metabonomic, and elemental profiles of bovine serum samples from stressed and control animals before and after a pri ...200718092912
identification of a novel protein encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1.the latency-related (lr) rna encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is abundantly expressed and alternatively spliced in trigeminal ganglia. a mutant bhv-1 strain that contains three stop codons at the beginning of lr open reading frame (orf)-2 (lr mutant virus) does not express orf-2 or an adjacent reading frame that lacks an initiating atg (rf-c). calves latently infected with wild-type (wt) bhv-1, but not with the lr mutant virus, reactivate from latency, indicating that proteins encoded by ...200718097888
serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats.an abortion storm occurred in a goat herd, resulting in 75 aborted kids and 1 neonatal death from december 2004 to february 2005.200717937555
dynamics of natural bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) infection in a dairy herd.in this study, natural cycling of bohv-1 infection was investigated in two groups of dairy cattle containing 2120 head. group 1 comprised 127 animals and they were monitored for bohv-1 infection virologically and serologically in six consecutive sampling periods. it consisted of naive heifers between 6 and 8 months of age, while in group 2, age, sex and the bohv-1 serostatus of the animals were disregarded. the animals in group 1 were found to have seroconverted at the second sampling. results o ...200717941483
oral dna immunization in the second trimester fetal lamb and secondary immune responses in the neonate.we previously demonstrated that oral dna vaccination of the third trimester fetus may be an effective strategy to prevent vertical disease transmission despite an immature immune system and the possibility of developing tolerance. the present investigation examined oral dna vaccine delivery and immunogenicity in the second trimester fetal lamb (50-100 days of gestation (dg)). histological examination revealed nucleated cells in the superficial layers of the oral mucosa. therefore, luciferase-enc ...200717950962
frequency and causes of infectious abortion in a dairy herd in queretaro, mexico.the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infectious bovine abortion and to identify some of its causes, specifically brucellosis, leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and neosporosis. the study was carried out in a dairy herd in the state of queretaro, mexico, between september 2002 and march 2003. at the beginning of the study, blood samples were taken from a random 33% of the 300 lactating or pregnant cows; antibodies against leptospira ...200717955907
development and viability of bovine preimplantation embryos after the in vitro infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1): immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies.the aim of our study was to examine whether: (1) the exposure of bovine embryos to the bhv-1 virus in vitro can compromise their further development and alter the ultrastructural morphology of cellular organelles; (2) whether the zona pellucida (zp) can be a barrier protecting embryos against infection; and (3) whether washing with trypsin after viral exposure can prevent virus penetration inside the embryo and subsequent virus-induced damages. the embryos were recovered from superovulated holst ...200717967210
efficacy of bovine herpesvirus-1 inactivated vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers.to evaluate the efficacy of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine to protect against bhv-1 challenge-induced abortion and stillbirth.200717976001
a protein encoded by the bovine herpesvirus 1 open reading frame e gene induces neurite-like morphological changes in mouse neuroblastoma cells and is expressed in trigeminal ganglionic neurons.bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), like other alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily members, establishes latency in sensory neurons. periodically bhv-1 reactivates from latency, resulting in virus shedding and spread to uninfected cattle. although reactivation from latency does not usually lead to recurrent disease, the latency-reactivation cycle is crucial for virus transmission. the latency-related (lr) rna is abundantly expressed during latency, and expression of a lr encoded protein is necessary for dex ...200717505982
a stochastic simulation model to determine the sample size of repeated national surveys to document freedom from bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) infection.international trade regulations require that countries document their livestock's sanitary status in general and freedom from specific infective agents in detail provided that import restrictions should be applied. the latter is generally achieved by large national serological surveys and risk assessments. the paper describes the basic structure and application of a generic stochastic model for risk-based sample size calculation of consecutive national surveys to document freedom from contagious ...200717511856
serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six selected national parks from germany.a total of 164 blood samples, collected from free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in six german national parks (np) between 2000 and 2002, were assayed for antibodies against nine viral disease agents. antibodies were only detected against the alpha-herpesviruses; specifically, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (22 of 157, 14%), cervid herpesvirus-1 (17 of 157, 10.8%), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (11 of 159, 6.9%). titers ranged from 4 to 10 ...200617255452
serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa.during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ...200617255453
distribution of antibodies against neospora caninum, bvdv and bhv-1 among cows in brazilian dairy herds with reproductive disorders.neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) are worldwide spread pathogens associated with reproductive problems in cattle. the present work aimed to observe the infection pattern of these three pathogens in two dairy herds with distinct reproductive managements from triângulo mineiro, minas gerais state, brazil. the herds were not vaccinated against either n. caninum, bvdv or bhv-1. blood samples were collected and analyzed for presence of specific ant ...200617196123
serosurvey of roe deer, chamois and domestic sheep in the central italian alps.roe deer (capreolus capreolus), chamois (rupicapra rupricapra rupicapra), and domestic sheep in the orobie alps, italy, were serologically tested for antibodies to selected pathogens that may be transmitted across species. antibodies against brucella spp. and bovine herpesvirus 1 (roe deer and chamois only) were not detected in any species. in roe deer, antibodies were detected against toxoplasma gondii (13%) and neospora caninum (3%). chamois tested positive for antibodies to t. gondii (5%), n. ...200617092903
comparison of inflammatory infiltrates in trigeminal ganglia of cattle infected with wild-type bovine herpesvirus 1 versus a virus strain containing a mutation in the lr (latency-related) gene.during latency, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) latency-related (lr) rna is abundantly expressed in neurons within trigeminal ganglia (tg). a lr mutant virus that does not express two lr proteins is unable to reactivate from latency following dexamethasone treatment. increased infiltration of inflammatory cells occurs in tg of calves acutely infected with the lr mutant virus. throughout acute infection, wild-type bhv-1 dna is detected in neurons surrounded by mononuclear infiltrates and in non- ...200617065132
quantification of the contact structure in a feral cattle population and its hypothetical effect on the transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1.the organisation of animal populations in social groupings may play a crucial role in the transmission of any infectious disease that requires close contact. the objective of this study was to quantify the contact structure of part of the heck cattle population in a dutch nature reserve and its hypothetical effect on the transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). the contact structure was quantified by observing the number of different animals with whom contact was made (i.e. the number of con ...200616997403
characterization of a novel transferable crm-1-independent nuclear export signal in a herpesvirus tegument protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm.a new group of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins has recently been identified in the structural proteins encoded by several alphaherpesvirus ul47 genes. nuclear import and export signals for the bovine herpesvirus type 1 ul47 protein (vp8 or bul47) have been described previously. here, we study the trafficking of bul47 in detail and identify an import signal different from that shown before. it comprises a 20-residue n-terminal peptide that is fully transferable and targets a large, normally ...200617005680
evaluation of the efficacy of a modified-live combination vaccine against abortion caused by virulent bovine herpesvirus type 1 in a one-year duration-of-immunity study.this study demonstrated that a multivalent vaccine containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses against virulent bhv-1 challenge exposure at 365 days after vaccination. the percentage of abortions or fetal deaths caused by bhv-1 was significantly higher in control heifers (10 of 10 [100.0%]) than bhv-1-vaccinated heifers (three of 19 [15.8%]).200617039450
antiviral effect of guazuma ulmifolia and stryphnodendron adstringens on poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus.crude extract (ce) and aqueous (aqf) and ethyl acetate (etoacf) fractions of guazuma ulmifolia lam., sterculiaceae and the corresponding aqf, etoacf of stryphnodendron adstringens (mart.) coville, leguminosae were tested for their antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 (p-1) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in hep-2 cultured cells. the antiviral activity was monitored by plaque assay and immunofluorescence assay (ifa) under virucidal and therapeutic protocols. the therapeutic protocol demonstra ...200616754999
bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early protein (bicp0) interacts with the histone acetyltransferase p300, which stimulates productive infection and gc promoter activity.the immediate-early protein, bicp0, of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) transactivates viral promoters and stimulates productive infection. bicp0 is expressed constitutively during productive infection, as its gene contains an immediate-early and an early promoter. like other icp0 homologues encoded by members of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, bicp0 contains a zinc ring finger located near its n terminus. mutations that disrupt the bicp0 zinc ring finger impair its ability to activate transcripti ...200616760386
induction of antigen-specific t-cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified-live virus vaccine.to determine the efficacy of a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus 3, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2 to induce neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in naïve cattle and protect against bhv-1 challenge.200616817740
effect of dietary lipoic acid on metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins during challenge with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle.to determine the effect of dietary supplemental lipoic acid (la) on serum concentrations of metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins of steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv).200616817742
spatial hierarchical variances and age covariances for seroprevalence to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, bohv-1 and bvdv for cattle in the state of paraíba, brazil.we estimated spatial hierarchal variances and age-group covariances for seroprevalence to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (leptoh), bovine viral-diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) among 2343 cattle from 72 properties sampled in the state of paraíba, brazil in 2000. from each property, eight animals in each of the four age categories were evaluated. the age categories studied were: pre-weaned (0-6 months), young (7-18 months), replacement (19-30 months) and mature ...200616828906
intraspecific bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants carrying glycoprotein e deletion as a vaccine marker are virulent in cattle.vaccines used in control programmes of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) utilize highly attenuated bohv-1 strains marked by a deletion of the glycoprotein e (ge) gene. since bohv-1 recombinants are obtained at high frequency in experimentally coinfected cattle, the consequences of recombination on the virulence of ge-negative bohv-1 were investigated. thus, ge-negative bohv-1 recombinants were generated in vitro from several virulent bohv-1 and one mutant bohv-1 deleted in the gc and ge genes. four ...200616847110
effect of phosphonoformic acid in the development of bovine embryos in vitro.this research evaluated the ability of phosphonoformic acid to inhibit bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in cumulus cells commonly used in co-culture with bovine in vitro-produced embryos. at 200 and 400 microg/ml, phosphonoformic acid inhibited 4 logs of bhv-1. subsequently, phosphonoformic acid (200 and 400 microg/ml) added to both in vitro fertilization and culture medium resulted in a decrease in the proportion of developed blastocysts, and the number of cells per blastocyst was lower in the trea ...200616871497
hydrophobic alpha-helices 1 and 2 of herpes simplex virus gh interact with lipids, and their mimetic peptides enhance virus infection and fusion.entry of herpes simplex virus into cells occurs by fusion and requires four glycoproteins. gd serves as the receptor binding glycoprotein. of the remaining glycoproteins, gh carries structural and functional elements typical of class 1 fusion glycoproteins, in particular alpha-helix 1 (alpha-h1), with properties of a candidate fusion peptide, and two heptad repeats. here, we characterized alpha-h2 and compared it to alpha-h1. alpha-h2 (amino acids 513 to 531) is of lower hydrophobicity than alph ...200616873275
adjuvant activity of quillaja brasiliensis saponins on the immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 in mice.the chemical characterization of aqueous extracts (ae) of barks, leaves and branches and the saponin fraction denominated qb-90 obtained from quillaja brasiliensis, a native species from southern brazil, show remarkable similarities to quillaja saponaria saponins which are known as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. in vivo toxicity assays of ae and qb-90 showed not to be lethal for mice in doses ranging from 50 to 1600 microg and 50-400 microg, respectively. experimental vaccines prepared with ...200616887242
recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) expressing glycoprotein d of bohv-1 is immunogenic and elicits serum-neutralizing antibodies against bohv-1 in a rabbit model.several biological characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) make it a good candidate as a gene delivery vector for vaccination purposes. these characteristics include little or no pathogenicity, unlikely oncogenicity, the capability to accommodate large amounts of foreign genetic material, the ability to infect several cell types coming from different animal species, and the ability to maintain transgene expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. starting from bohv-4 c ...200616928886
bovine herpesvirus 1 ul49.5 protein inhibits the transporter associated with antigen processing despite complex formation with glycoprotein m.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) interferes with peptide translocation by the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap). recently, the ul49.5 gene product of bhv-1 was identified as the protein responsible for the observed inhibition of tap. in bhv-1-infected cells and virions, the ul49.5 protein forms a complex with glycoprotein m (gm). hence, it was investigated whether ul49.5 can combine the interactions with gm and the tap complex. in cell lines constitutively expressing both ul49.5 a ...200616731921
genetic characterisation of the egyptian vaccinal strain abu-hammad of bovine herpesvirus-1.the egyptian abu-hammad vaccinal strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was genetically characterised by comparing hindiii endonuclease genomic fingerprints of the egyptian bhv-1 with reference strain cooper 1 of bhv-1 subtype 1 (bhv-1.1). analyses of nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences and phylogeny of the major viral immunogen, glycoprotein d (gd), were used to compare the egyptian bhv-1 with related alphaherpesviruses. hindiii restriction digests revealed close identity betw ...200617361772
evaluation of risks of viral transmission to recipients of bovine embryos arising from fertilisation with virus-infected semen.this scientific review was prompted by recent legislation to curtail the use of semen from potentially virus-infected bulls to produce embryos for import into the european union. from studies in laboratory animals, humans and horses, it is apparent that viruses may sometimes attach to, or be integrated into, spermatozoa, although in domestic livestock, including cattle, this seems to be a rare phenomenon, and carriage of virus through the zona pellucida into the oocyte by fertilising sperm has n ...200616005506
the amino-terminal residue of glycoprotein b is critical for neutralization of bovine herpesvirus 1.in order to address the neutralization epitope on bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) glycoprotein b (gb), a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs), a series of truncation forms of the glycoprotein and an mab-escape mutant were used in this study. immunocytochemistry on the truncations using mabs against the glycoprotein revealed that the neutralization epitopes recognized by the mabs lay between residues 1 and 52 of mature gb. comparison of the sequences among the mutant, parent, and revertant viruses d ...200616153736
effect of different nuclear localization sequences on the immune responses induced by a midge vector encoding bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein d.to optimize the efficiency of a minimalistic immunogenically defined gene expression (midge) vector, peptides containing proven (sv40 t-antigen and bovine herpesvirus-1 vp8) or putative (herpes simplex virus-1 vp22) nuclear localization signals (nlss) were linked to a midge vector encoding a truncated, secreted form of bhv-1 glycoprotein d (tgd) (midge-tgd). conjugation of an nls to the midge-tgd vector improved the tgd expression in vitro and the humoral and cellular immune responses induced in ...200616154243
detection of equine herpesvirus type 1 using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) is a major disease of equids worldwide causing considerable losses to the horse industry. a variety of techniques, including pcr have been used to diagnose ehv1. some of these pcrs were used in combination with other techniques such as restriction enzyme analysis (rea) or hybridisation, making them cumbersome for routine diagnostic testing and increasing the chances of cross-contamination. furthermore, they involve the use of suspected carcinogens such as ethidium brom ...200616137772
characterization of caprine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein d gene and its translation product.caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1) is responsible of systemic infection in neonatal kids as well as abortion and fertility disorders in adult goats. this virus is closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. glycoprotein d (gd) mediates important functions in alphaherpesviruses and is also a main immunogen. the sequence of cphv-1 gd gene and the biochemical properties of its translation product were analyzed and compared to those of bohv-1 and othe ...200616140410
degenerate pcr method for identification of an antiapoptotic gene in bhv-1.to investigate on the hypothetical presence of an antiapoptotic gene, we utilized the codehop (consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers) strategy amplifying unknown sequences from a background of genomic (bovine herpesvirus type-1) bhv-1 dna. an alignment of carboxyl-terminal domains belonging to three proteins encoded by gamma34.5, myd116 and gadd34 genes, was carried out to design degenerate pcr primers in highly conserved regions. this allowed the amplification of a 110 bp fragment ...200616237705
biological characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants possessing the vaccine glycoprotein e negative phenotype.intramolecular recombination is a frequent event during the replication cycle of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1). recombinant viruses frequently arise and survive in cattle after concomitant nasal infections with two bohv-1 mutants. the consequences of this process, related to herpesvirus evolution, have to be assessed in the context of large use of live marker vaccines based on glycoprotein e (ge) gene deletion. in natural conditions, double nasal infections by vaccine and wild-type strains are l ...200616321480
bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) up-regulates telomerase activity in mdbk cells.the proliferative capacity of mammalian cells is regulated by telomerase, an enzyme uniquely specialised for telomeric dna synthesis. the critical role of telomerase activation in tumor progression and maintenance has been well established in studies of cancer and of oncogenic transformation in cell culture. experimental data suggest that telomerase activation has an important role in normal somatic cells, and that failure to activate sufficient telomerase also promotes disease. evidence regardi ...200616330162
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