Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| performance characteristics of vidas and directigen respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection assays and culture for the identification of rsv in respiratory specimens. | in a comparison of the directigen and vidas respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection assays with viral culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and testing efficiency were 86, 93.1, 82.7, 94.6, and 91.2% for directigen; 96.1, 90.8, 80.3, 98.3, and 92.3% for vidas; and 88.2, 100, 100, 95.7, and 96.8% for viral culture, respectively. | 2002 | 11980966 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, management, and prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children by two years of age, resulting in a large number of hospital admissions in infants. reactive airway disease is more common after rsv infection, even in previously healthy children. management of the acute infection is supportive, but preliminary evidence suggests surfactant administration to ventilated infants may be of benefit. whether ribavirin or corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity after rsv infection remains controversial ... | 2002 | 11981311 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk infants by monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen which causes serious respiratory illness in infants and children worldwide. palivizumab (synagis) is an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody administered intramuscularly for the prevention of severe rsv respiratory disease in high-risk infants and young children. the impact-rsv trial, the pivotal multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial performed in the usa, canada and the united kingdom demonstrated an overall 55% reduction in hospita ... | 2002 | 11982888 |
| sensitive detection and quantitation of mouse eosinophils in tissues using an enzymatic eosinophil peroxidase assay: its use to rapidly measure pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of mice. | eosinophils are granular proinflammatory leukocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory processes including allergy, asthma, and in the development of enhanced disease during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. here, we adapted a colorimetric assay to measure eosinophil peroxidase (epo) activity in inflamed mouse lung tissue in order to quantitate pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental rsv infection. using the substrate o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (opd) in ... | 2002 | 11983224 |
| multiplex assay for detection of strain-specific antibodies against the two variable regions of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | the role of strain differences in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease has not been clearly defined. to investigate the possibility that strain differences contribute to susceptibility to repeat infections, we developed assays to detect antibodies to the two variable regions of the rsv g protein by cloning and expressing the internal variable region at amino acids (aa) 60 to 172 (g1) and the carboxy-terminal variable region at aa 193 to the carboxy terminus (g2) from different genotypes of ... | 2002 | 11986272 |
| association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major pathogen responsible for acute bronchiolitis in infancy. however, evaluation of the relative importance of rhinovirus or multiple viral infections has been hampered by the lack of sensitive diagnostic methodologies. therefore, in this study we used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for 11 respiratory pathogens to assess the etiology in infants with acute bronchiolitis and correlate it with clinical characteristics of the disease. v ... | 2002 | 11991880 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology. | gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease requires efficient gene transfer to airway epithelial cells after intralumenal delivery. most gene transfer vectors so far tested have not provided the efficiency required. although human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common respiratory virus, is known to infect the respiratory epithelium, the mechanism of infection and the epithelial cell type targeted by rsv have not been determined. we have utilized human primary airway epithelial cell ... | 2002 | 11991994 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants hospitalized because of respiratory syncytial virus infection express t helper-1 and t helper-2 cytokines and cc chemokine messenger rna. | the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was examined in infants aged 1-21 months who were hospitalized because of rsv infection or non-rsv-related illness. rsv- or control-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined to determine rsv-specific intracellular t helper-1 (th1) and t helper- 2 (th2) cytokine expression, chemokine messenger rna (mrna) expression, and cell surface markers. patients hospitalized because of rsv infection had increased nu ... | 2002 | 11992272 |
| respiratory syncytial virus may be a pathogen in allergic conjunctivitis. | the host response to allergens appears to be regulated by t helper type 2 cell patterns of local cytokine production. we hypothesized that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects the normal conjunctival epithelium and produces interleukin (il)-4, causing a local allergic reaction. | 2002 | 11995809 |
| an update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: a developed country perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide, and an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. the infections caused by rsv are seasonal, peaking predictably in the winter months in temperate climates, and in the hottest months and the rainy season in tropical climates. the involvement of the lower respiratory tract, manifest clinically as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, is the hallmark of sever ... | 2002 | 11996399 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis--the story so far. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common and highly contagious pathogen that infects nearly all children by the age of 2 years. it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide among certain high-risk paediatric populations. therapy is sub-optimal for rsv, thus treatment focuses on ameliorating symptoms. since discovery of the virus in the 1950s, efforts have been ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine. these efforts have met with serious obstacles. passive immun ... | 2002 | 11996400 |
| the association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and reactive airway disease. | evidence has been accumulating that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants may be linked to subsequent development of reactive airway disease (rad) in childhood, and therefore research into the prevention of rsv lrti may have important implications for the prevention of rad. this article reviews the epidemiological evidence linking rsvand rad and some ofthe theories concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms of post-viral airway inflammation in or ... | 2002 | 11996401 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality in children, especially in young children. underlying conditions including prematurity with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, immunosuppression or another underlying respiratory condition, such as cystic fibrosis, increase the risk of contracting and developing severe rsv disease. environmental factors such as crowding, day-care attendance, and exposure to passi ... | 2002 | 11996403 |
| the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in childhood. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infection in infants and children. rsv is an rna virus whose genome encodes 10 proteins. the g protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells whilst the f protein promotes syncytia formation. these proteins are also important in the immune response to rsv. both the innate and adaptive arms of the cellular immune system are involved in the immunological response to rsv. the cytopathic effects of the virus explain man ... | 2002 | 11997296 |
| viruses in asthma. | current evidence suggests that the overall load of infectious agents, including respiratory viruses, encountered early in life is an important factor influencing maturation of the immune system from a type 2 bias at birth towards predominantly type 1 responses, thus avoiding atopic diseases. the 'hygiene hypothesis' proposes that the relatively sterile environment present in industrialised western countries has contributed to the recent epidemic of asthma and atopy. whether specific infections a ... | 2002 | 11997297 |
| altered eosinophil levels as a result of viral infection in asthma exacerbation in childhood. | respiratory viral infection is known to be a significant cause of asthma exacerbation. eosinophils have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. to determine how often asthma exacerbation is caused by virus infections and to examine the relationship between eosinophilia and asthma episode, we investigated 64 children who experienced asthma attacks between october 1999 and march 2000. we used rapid enzyme immunoassays to detect antigens ... | 2002 | 12000498 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone in severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: effects on rsv quantity and clinical outcome. | forty-one previously healthy children <2 years of age who required mechanical ventilation for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were randomized to receive dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; n=22) or saline placebo (n=19) intravenously every 12 h for 4 days. rsv quantity was measured by quantitative plaque assay in fresh tracheal and nasal aspirates obtained at intervals of 24+/-3 h on days 0, 1, 2, 5, and 7 following entry. analysis by linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated a significantly ... | 2002 | 12001038 |
| cytokines in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of severe lung disease in infants, and increasing evidence suggests that it is immunologically mediated. experiments in mice suggest that this may be due to differential t-cell activation producing either type 1 or type 2 cytokines. we investigated this hypothesis in man by studying 24 infants ventilated with severe rsv bronchiolitis and by measuring messenger rna (mrna) for interleukin-4 (il-4) and interfe ... | 2002 | 12001278 |
| prediction of duration of hospitalization in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | identification of variables that predict duration of rsv-associated hospitalization may be useful in the identification of preventive and therapeutic strategies. a recently published prediction model (michigan model) for the duration of hospitalization in rsv infection demonstrated good discrimination between children with and without an increased likelihood of a hospital stay >or= 7 days, based on variables such as log weight, congenital heart disease, failure to thrive, premature birth, bronch ... | 2002 | 12001279 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in italian infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections, and association between respiratory syncytial virus infection risk factors and disease severity. | this study was designed to collect data on the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in italy in infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections, and to evaluate which of the recognized risk factors might be associated with disease severity. thirty-two centers throughout italy participated in the study. over a 6-month period (november 1,1999 to april 30, 2000), we evaluated all children < 2 years of age hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections. all subj ... | 2002 | 12001280 |
| progressive epitope-blocked panning of a phage library for isolation of human rsv antibodies. | epitope-blocked panning is an approach to mining antigen-specific diversity from phage display antibody libraries. previously, we developed and used this method to recover a neutralizing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by blocking a dominant response to a nonneutralizing epitope on a recombinant derivative of the viral f antigen. we have extended this approach to the blocking of multiple epitopes simultaneously, which led to the recovery of new antibodies of different specificity, ... | 2002 | 12009209 |
| coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. | the incidence of nosocomial viral respiratory infections (nvri) in neonates and children hospitalized in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units (pnicu) is unknown. human coronaviruses (hcov) have been implicated in nvri in hospitalized preterm neonates. the objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of hcov-related nvri in neonates and children hospitalized in a pnicu and the prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in staff. all neonates (age< or =28 days) and childr ... | 2002 | 12009822 |
| respiratory syncytial virus with the fusion protein as its only viral glycoprotein is less dependent on cellular glycosaminoglycans for attachment than complete virus. | cell surface glycosaminoglycans (gags) are responsible for the majority of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment to cultured cells leading to infection. the viral glycoprotein g binds to gags and was thought to be the viral attachment protein, but more recently virus lacking the g protein was shown to be infectious in cell culture. we have compared the gag dependence of a recombinant, green fluorescent protein-expressing virus containing the f protein as its only viral glycoprotein (rgrsv ... | 2002 | 12009871 |
| perflubron reduces lung inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection by inhibiting chemokine expression and nuclear factor-kappa b activation. | airway mucosa inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the major etiologic agent of bronchiolitis in infancy. type and intensity of cellular infiltration are dictated by inflammatory chemokines, which are rapidly and abundantly induced in lung tissue by rsv. this process is, to a large extent, transcriptionally regulated by rsv-mediated activation of the nuclear factor-kappa b. the administration of ... | 2002 | 12016108 |
| the central conserved cystine noose of the attachment g protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is not required for efficient viral infection in vitro or in vivo. | the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was identified previously as the viral attachment protein. although we and others recently showed that g is not essential for replication in vitro, it does affect the efficiency of replication in a cell type-dependent fashion and is required for efficient replication in vivo. the ectodomain of g is composed of two heavily glycosylated domains with mucin-like characteristics that are separated by a short central region that is relative ... | 2002 | 12021350 |
| subcellular localization and integration activities of rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase. | reverse transcriptases (rts) alphabeta and beta from avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) harbor an integrase domain which is absent in nonavian retroviral rts. rsv integrase contains a nuclear localization signal which enables the enzyme to enter the nucleus of the cell in order to perform integration of the proviral dna into the host genome. in the present study we analyzed the subcellular localization of rsv rt, since previous results indicated that rsv finishes synthesis of the proviral dna in the ... | 2002 | 12021354 |
| optimum dosage regimen of palivizumab? | palivizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody used to protect at-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the regular dosage scheme causes a low initial trough level and accumulation of the antibody after subsequent injections. using a simple pharmacokinetic model, the authors devised an alternative dosage regimen that might correct these problems while cutting costs by 35%. to spare health care budgets, dosage schemes for future monoclonal antibodies must be chosen ca ... | 2002 | 12021640 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreak in the nicu: description of eight cases. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized as a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards. because of maternally acquired antibodies, symptomatic rsv infection is rare in term neonates. during an outbreak of rsv in our neonatal icu, 12 infants (gestational age = 34 +/- 5 weeks) remained rsv negative. in contrast, eight preterm infants (gestational age = 28 +/- 2 weeks) became rsv positive. four infants became very sick with rsv and required mechanical ventilation and support. acute r ... | 2002 | 12022427 |
| a hypothesis: antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus in viral bronchiolitis. | aim: to investigate the possibility of antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2002 | 12023178 |
| rantes may be predictive of later recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants. | in vitro studies have shown that rantes is strongly induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in cultures of upper airway epithelial cells. rantes is known as a chemoattractant and activator for eosinophils. | 2002 | 12027066 |
| immunological mechanisms of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis resulting in respiratory insufficiency is frequently encountered during the winter season in paediatric intensive care units. this review evaluates potential determinants described in severe rsv bronchiolitis with special attention to the role of immaturity of immune responses during infancy. pre-existent cardiac or pulmonary compromises have been documented as clinical risk factors for severe rsv bronchiolitis. in addition to this group of infants ... | 2002 | 12029411 |
| surfactant protein d gene polymorphism associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major respiratory tract pathogen in infancy. host-related differences in susceptibility to severe rsv infection suggest that genetic factors may play a role. in this study, a candidate-gene approach was used to study whether the surfactant protein d (sp-d) gene polymorphism associates with severe rsv infection. dna samples from 84 infants hospitalized for the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis and 93 healthy controls were analyzed. the controls were matched w ... | 2002 | 12032263 |
| rsv-induced immunopathology: dynamic interplay between the virus and host immune response. | 2002 | 12033778 | |
| dda adjuvant induces a mixed th1/th2 immune response when associated with bbg2na, a respiratory syncytial virus potential vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is one of the most common causes of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly. previous attempts to vaccinate children against rsv failed and the induction of an aberrant th2-type immune response was shown to induce severe to fatal pulmonary disease characterised in part by eosinophilia. bbg2na is a promising human rsv subunit vaccine candidate which successfully passed phase ii clinical trials in adults in association with adju-phos((r)). however, ... | 2002 | 12034101 |
| modelling the structure of the fusion protein from human respiratory syncytial virus. | the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-f) is responsible for fusion of virion with host cells and infection of neighbouring cells through the formation of syncytia. a three-dimensional model structure of rsv-f was derived by homology modelling from the structure of the equivalent protein in newcastle disease virus (ndv). despite very low sequence homology between the two structures, most features of the model appear to have high credibility, although a few small regions in rsv-f ... | 2002 | 12034856 |
| suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ovalbumin sensitisation and rsv infection with y-27632, a rho kinase inhibitor. | smooth muscle contraction is one of the hallmarks of asthma. a recently developed pyridine derivative, y-27632, a selective rho kinase inhibitor, has been reported to inhibit the smooth muscle contraction of human and animal trachea in ex vivo systems but its effect in animal models of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of y-27632 in a murine model of allergic and virally induced ahr. | 2002 | 12037228 |
| winter viruses: influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-related morbidity in chronic lung disease. | chronic lung disease predisposes to serious consequences of respiratory viruses. while increasing influenza immunization rates in older adults signals an awareness of the impact of influenza, children with asthma are infrequently immunized. while respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is recognized as an important target of vaccine development for infants, its impact on adults is underappreciated. | 2002 | 12038940 |
| gene therapy for prostate cancer delivered by ovine adenovirus and mediated by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and fludarabine in mouse models. | a gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (gdept) based on purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp), that converts the prodrug, fludarabine to 2-fluoroadenine, has been described, but studies are limited compared with other gdepts. we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of pnp-gdept for treating androgen-independent (ai) prostate cancer. the pnp gene controlled by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) constitutive promoter was delivered using a recombinant ovine adenovirus vector (oadv220) that uses ... | 2002 | 12040457 |
| [study of the effect of antiviral drugs on the reproduction of the respiratory syncytial virus by enzyme immunoassay]. | a test system based on eia was developed for evaluating the efficiency of drugs active towards the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell culture. virasole and its structural analog ribamedii active towards rsv infection and arbidol whose activity in rsv infection is unknown were tested. like virasole and ribamedil, arbidol inhibited the expression of rsv antigens, the inhibitory effect increasing with the drug concentration and decreased with increase of the multiplicity of virus infection. ... | 2002 | 12046469 |
| effect of aging on cytokine production in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in vitro cytokine production in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza infections was investigated in 11 "young" (mean age, 31 years) and "older" (mean age, 75 years) healthy volunteers by use of interferon (ifn)-gamma elispot and elisa analysis of cytokines in culture supernatants. autologous dendritic cells (dcs), derived by culturing adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in granulocyte-macrophage colony--stimulating factor and interleukin-4, were used as antigen-pre ... | 2002 | 11865426 |
| analysis of rous sarcoma virus capsid protein variants assembled on lipid monolayers. | during assembly and morphogenesis of rous sarcoma virus (rsv), proteolytic processing of the structural precursor (pr76gag) protein generates three capsid (ca) protein variants, ca476, ca479, and ca488. the proteins share identical n-terminal domains (ntds), but are truncated at residues corresponding to gag codons 476, 479, and 488 in their ca c-terminal domains (ctds). to characterize oligomeric forms of the rsv ca variants, we examined 2d crystals of the capsid proteins, assembled on lipid mo ... | 2002 | 11866525 |
| a method for identifying the financial burden of hospitalized infants on families. | to describe a method for measuring the direct and indirect costs to families of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2002 | 11873385 |
| nasal and oral nitric oxide levels during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of adults. | nitric oxide (no) is a recognized mediator of inflammation in diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, and has been implicated in the expression of viral upper respiratory tract infections. here, exhaled nasal and oral no concentrations and nitrite concentrations in nasal lavage fluids were measured, symptoms were scored and pulmonary function was evaluated before (day 0) and after (days 1-8) experimental exposure of 17 adult subjects to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) type b. after exp ... | 2002 | 11876601 |
| respiratory syncytial virus enhances the expression of cd11b molecules and the generation of superoxide anion by human eosinophils primed with platelet-activating factor. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and early childhood causes acute bronchiolitis and exacerbates bronchial asthma. eosinophil infiltration may contribute to airway obstruction in rsv infection. | 2002 | 11937770 |
| burden of respiratory syncytial viral infections on paediatric hospitals: a two-year prospective epidemiological study. | this study was designed to prospectively investigate the hospitalisation patterns for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children up to 2 years of age, both healthy full-term children and high-risk children. the aim was to evaluate children hospitalised for a respiratory tract infection in four regions and seven paediatric hospital departments or clinics in greece and to estimate the burden of rsv disease on paediatric hospital beds, as well as to determine the target high-risk age gro ... | 2002 | 11939389 |
| influence of respiratory syncytial virus infection on cytokine and inflammatory responses in allergic mice. | th2 lymphocyte responses are associated with inflammation and disease during allergic responses. exposure to particular environmental factors during the expression of allergy could result in more pronounced th2-like immune responses and more severe disease. one factor might be a respiratory virus infection. | 2002 | 11940079 |
| leukotrienes mediate neurogenic inflammation in lungs of young rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection potentiates neurogenic inflammation in rat airways. because some vascular effects of sensory nerves are mediated by cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts), we studied whether the receptor antagonist montelukast inhibits neurogenic plasma extravasation in rsv-infected rats. pathogen-free rats were inoculated at 2 wk (weanlings) or 12 wk (adults) of age with rsv or virus-free medium and treated with montelukast or its vehicle starting 1 day before inoculation. ... | 2002 | 11943681 |
| identification of nf-kappab-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosa-restricted virus that is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infections in children. in epithelial cells, rsv replication activates nuclear translocation of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) through proteolysis of its cytoplasmic inhibitor, ikappab. in spite of a putative role in mediating virus-inducible gene expression, the spectrum of nf-kappab-dependent genes induced by rsv infection has not yet been d ... | 2002 | 12050393 |
| adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. | patients with high-grade transitional-cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder frequently experience recurrence and progress and have a low response rate to chemotherapy in metastatic tcc. in this study, we evaluated the feasibility and long-term efficacy of suicide-gene therapy using adenovirus (ad)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (hsv-tk) and prodrug ganciclovir (gcv) as a potential therapeutic approach in murine-orthotopic models of tcc. | 2002 | 12060439 |
| role of bovine chemokines produced by dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus-induced t cell proliferation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to induce the production of chemokines in the airway epithelia. dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. they are located throughout the body and release chemokines in response to inflammation and infection. we have investigated the chemokine profile of bovine dc in response to exposure to bovine rsv (brsv). transcripts for several chemokines were detected by rt-pcr, subsequently cloned and expressed, and the products ... | 2002 | 12072239 |
| neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-substance p antibody treatment effectively reduces infection and inflammation associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important virus mediating lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. rsv infection is associated with pulmonary inflammation and increased levels of substance p (sp), making the airways and leukocytes that express sp receptors susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide. this study examines combining neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-sp antibody treatment of rsv-infected balb/c mice to inhibit rsv replicatio ... | 2002 | 12072488 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: cost-effective analysis in argentina. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis during the first year of life. preterm infants and patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) have a higher risk of hospitalization. the objective of this study was to assess the risk of hospitalization and to evaluate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab use in our at risk population. | 2002 | 12075758 |
| rsv entry inhibitors block f-protein mediated fusion with model membranes. | rsv fusion is mediated by f-protein, a major viral surface glycoprotein. cl-309623, a specific inhibitor of rsv, interacts tightly with f-protein, which results in a hydrophobic environment at the binding site. the binding is selective for f-protein and does not occur with g-protein, a surface glycoprotein that facilitates the binding of rsv to target cells, or with lipid membranes at concentrations in the sub-millimolar range. using an assay based on the relief of self-quenching of octadecyl rh ... | 2002 | 12076763 |
| cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human hla-restricted rsv-specific cd8+ ctl+. | generation of human cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) in vitro is inefficient. lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of dna in cells, was evaluated for enhancing rsv ctl activity. stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human pbl with rsv with or without lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. after 8 days of incubation, ... | 2002 | 12078858 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and pulmonary surfactant. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections peak in young infants and are associated with significant morbidity. the collectins surfactant protein-a (sp-a) and sp-d are pattern recognition molecules that belong to the innate immune system of the lungs, forming a first line of defense. on the one hand, sp-a and sp-d levels are reduced during rsv infection. this may critically influence the invasion of rsv and also the virus-induced cytokine patterns of the host. both collectins enhance the in vi ... | 2002 | 12081017 |
| cytokine and chemokine gene expression after primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was studied in the lungs of cotton rats after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). increases in messenger rna (mrna) levels of all genes analyzed were observed during the course of primary infection. in general, mrna expression peaked between postinfection days 1 and 4 and returned to near-normal levels by day 10. during secondary infection, the expression of some genes (i.e., interferon [ifn]- ... | 2002 | 12085325 |
| cross-reactivity among several recombinant calicivirus virus-like particles (vlps) with monoclonal antibodies obtained from mice immunized orally with one type of vlp. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) are classified into the norwalk-like viruses (nlv) and sapporo-like viruses (slv) as genera within the family caliciviridae: the nlv genus is further classified into genogroups i and ii, based on sequence similarities. to study the antigenic determinants on the hucv capsid protein and develop new diagnostic tools for field samples, we established and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant hucv virus-like particles (vlps). ... | 2002 | 12089262 |
| novel monoclonal antibody directed at the receptor binding site on the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus env complex. | we report here on the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rous sarcoma virus (rsv) subgroup a env that will be useful in functional and structural analysis of rsv env, as well as in approaches employing the rcas/tva system for gene targeting. balb/c mice were primed and given boosters twice with enva-expressing nih 3t3 cells. resulting hybridomas were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against rcanbp virions and su-a-immunoglobulin g immunoadhesin. one highly reac ... | 2002 | 12097564 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children younger than 3 years of age in japan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral pathogen for lower respiratory tract infection (lri) in infants and children. an rsv-specific monoclonal antibody has been developed to provide prophylaxis against rsv associated lri (rsv-lri). the objective of this study was to determine the impact of rsv as a cause of lri in children younger than 3 years of age to provide data to aide in the implementation of forthcoming prophylaxis against rsv. | 2002 | 12099731 |
| [prospective regional study of an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis]. | this prospective study was designed to identify risk factors associated with admission in pediatric intensive care units (picu) among infants hospitalized for treatment of rsv induced bronchiolitis. this study was population-based and was conducted in burgundy, a french region with 1,800,000 inhabitants where passive immunoprophylaxis for rsv bronchiolitis was not set up at the time of the study. results: from december 1st 1999 to april 30th 2000, 484 infants were hospitalized for rsv bronchioli ... | 2002 | 12108310 |
| a rhesus monkey model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. to date, there is no single animal model that adequately reproduces all human disease states. here, we have developed a model of experimental infection with human rsv in infant rhesus macaques. infected animals demonstrated mild clinical disease including increased respiratory rates, fever and adventitious lung sounds. while more severe disease was not observed, prelimin ... | 2002 | 12110049 |
| peripheral blood lymphopenia and neutrophilia in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | it is not known why respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with prolonged sequelae in many children. measles virus (also a paramyxovirus), acute stress in sepsis, and cardiac bypass all cause lymphopenia. using a retrospective analysis of records of children in bristol with rsv infections over 5 years, we found that children with rsv had lower lymphocyte counts than unstressed, stable children prior to cardiac surgery. children who required intensive care had the lowest lymphocyte count ... | 2002 | 12112779 |
| seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus chest infection in the tropics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young children. we determined if there was a seasonal variation in malaysia in the incidence of rsv infection in young children admitted with lrti, and possible associations of rsv infection with local meteorological parameters. a total of 5,691 children, aged less than 24 months and hospitalized with lrti (i.e., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) between 1982-1997, were included in this study. ... | 2002 | 12112797 |
| population-based rates of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with and without risk factors, and outcome in a tertiary care setting. | the aim of this study was to make a population-based estimate of the risk of hospitalization and complications during virologically confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in relation to established risk factors, and an estimation of additional risk factors and outcome as seen in a tertiary care referral centre. during a period of 12 y, all children with virologically confirmed rsv infection were included. recorded complications were: admission to the intensive care unit, mechanica ... | 2002 | 12113331 |
| mapk activation is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of rsv-induced rantes gene expression. | airway epithelial cells represent the primary cell target of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. they actively participate in the lung immune/inflammatory response that follows rsv infection by expressing chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes. regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed, and presumably secreted (rantes) is a member of the cc chemokine subfamily and is strongly chemotactic for t lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophil ... | 2002 | 12114198 |
| nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptors in respiratory syncytial virus-infected lungs. | nerve growth factor (ngf) controls sensorineural development and responsiveness and modulates immunoinflammatory reactions. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) potentiates the proinflammatory effects of sensory nerves in rat airways by upregulating the substance p receptor, neurokinin 1 (nk(1)). we investigated whether the expression of ngf and its trka and p75 receptors in the lungs is age dependent, whether it is upregulated during rsv infection, and whether it affects neurogenic inflammation. p ... | 2002 | 12114213 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus igg antibodies in infants living in a rural area of mozambique. | a case control study was carried out in manhiça (mozambique). serum samples were collected from infants < 1 year of age in hospital to assess the effect of serum antibodies on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. sera were collected from a total of 31 cases of rsv infection and paired uninfected controls matched for age and sex. anti-rsv antibodies were assessed by a membrane fluorescent antibody test (mfat) for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies and by a neutralizing ant ... | 2002 | 12116014 |
| introduction. rsv and rad: possibilities for prevention? the link between respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease. | 2002 | 12119050 | |
| clinical perspectives on the association between respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease. | asthma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, as is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this report reviews controlled retrospective and prospective studies conducted to investigate whether there is an association between rsv bronchiolitis in infancy and subsequent development of reactive airway disease or allergic sensitization. findings indicate that such a link to bronchial obstructive symptoms does exist and is strongest for children who experienced severe rsv ... | 2002 | 12119052 |
| potential therapeutic implications of new insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease. | viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age, and 70% of all cases of bronchiolitis are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). early rsv infection is associated with respiratory problems such as asthma and wheezing later in life. rsv infection is usually spread by contaminated secretions and infects the upper then lower respiratory tracts. infected cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including il-1, tumor necrosis fact ... | 2002 | 12119053 |
| pathophysiological mechanisms for the respiratory syncytial virus-reactive airway disease link. | there is substantial epidemiological evidence supporting the concept that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection in infancy may be linked to the development of reactive airway disease (rad) in childhood. however, much less is known concerning the mechanisms by which this self-limiting infection leads to airway dysfunction that persists long after the virus is cleared from the lungs. a better understanding of the rsv-rad link may have important clinical implications, ... | 2002 | 12119054 |
| immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus: global experience. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children by age 2 years, and it causes considerable illness and death in certain high-risk pediatric populations. historically, treatment for rsv has been symptomatic, and developing a safe and effective vaccine has been a challenge. therefore, research efforts have turned to passive immunization as the best option to control rsv. palivizumab, a genetically engineered humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce rsv-related hospital ... | 2002 | 12119055 |
| an epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations in denmark. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infections in infants. studies have implicated severe rsv infections early in life as a risk factor for subsequent development of reactive airway disease. we are conducting a study to validate rsv-associated diagnoses in the danish national patient registry, to assess whether the incidence of severe rsv infection is increasing in denmark, to identify predisposing and protective factors for rsv ... | 2002 | 12119056 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitic wheezing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of hospitalization for acute respiratory tract illness in general and specifically for bronchiolitis in young children. the link between rsv bronchiolitis and reactive airway disease is not completely understood, even though rsv bronchiolitis is frequently followed by recurrent episodes of wheezing. therapy with ribavirin does not appear to significantly reduce long-term respiratory outcome of rsv lower respiratory tract infection, and corti ... | 2002 | 12119057 |
| significant differences in nucleocapsid morphology within the paramyxoviridae. | nucleocapsid (n) proteins from representative viruses of three genera within the paramyxoviridae were expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. rna-containing structures, which appear morphologically identical to viral nucleocapsids, were isolated and subsequently imaged under a transmission electron microscope. analysis of these images revealed marked differences in nucleocapsid morphology among the genera investigated, most notably between viruses of the paramyxovirinae and th ... | 2002 | 12124447 |
| respiratory syncytial virus assembly occurs in gm1-rich regions of the host-cell membrane and alters the cellular distribution of tyrosine phosphorylated caveolin-1. | we have previously shown that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assembly occurs within regions of the host-cell surface membrane that are enriched in the protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). in this report, we have employed immunofluorescence microscopy to further examine the rsv assembly process. our results show that rsv matures at regions of the cell surface that, in addition to cav-1, are enriched in the lipid-raft ganglioside gm1. furthermore, a comparison of mock-infected and rsv-infected cells by ... | 2002 | 12124448 |
| [a study on viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | to study the relation between viral infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and the role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of copd. | 2002 | 12126557 |
| plasmid dna encoding the respiratory syncytial virus g protein protects against rsv-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of childhood respiratory disease as well as exacerbations of asthma. although previous studies have demonstrated that a dna vaccine encoding the rsv g protein can inhibit rsv replication in mouse models of rsv infection, studies have not been performed to determine whether a dna vaccine encoding the rsv g protein can protect against rsv induced mucus expression and airway hyperresponsiveness which was the focus of this study. the dna-g vacc ... | 2002 | 12126916 |
| chemokines and inflammation in the nasal passages of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | this study measured chemokines in nasal lavage fluids (nlf) from infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, defined by lung hyperinflation and wheezing. comparison was made to rsv-positive infants without bronchiolitis and rsv-negative infants with acute respiratory illnesses. rsv-positive illnesses were associated with increased epithelial shedding, increased rantes/protein ratios, and increased il-8/protein ratios in nlf compared to rsv-negative illnesses. among rsv-positive ... | 2002 | 12139952 |
| engineering of staphylococcal surfaces for biotechnological applications. | novel surface proteins can be introduced onto bacterial cell surfaces by recombinant means. here, we describe various applications of two such display systems for the food-grade bacteria staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, respectively. the achievements in the use of such staphylococci as live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles will be described. co-display of proteins and peptides with adhesive properties to enable targeting of the bacteria, have significantly improved the vacc ... | 2002 | 12142144 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces nf-kappa b activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects airway epithelial cells, resulting in cell death and severe inflammation through the induction of nf-kappab activity and inflammatory cytokine synthesis. both nf-kappab activity and apoptosis regulation have been linked to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-k) and its downstream effector enzymes, akt and gsk-3. this study evaluates the role of pi 3-k and its downstream mediators in apoptosis and inflammatory gene induction during rsv infection of airway ... | 2002 | 11687577 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus infections for directed antiviral treatment using r-mix cultures. | the development of new anti-influenza drugs has led to concerns regarding the impact on healthcare costs if they are used indiscriminately. restricting their use to proven influenza virus infections has the potential to overcome costly inappropriate therapy. however, conventional culture (cc) does not generate results quickly enough to facilitate the timely initiation of treatment, and rapid detection tests have suboptimal sensitivity. we therefore investigated a new rapid culture system (r-mix) ... | 2002 | 11744435 |
| multiple glycosylated forms of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are expressed in virus-infected cells. | analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein in rsv-infected vero cells showed the presence of a single f1 subunit and at least two different forms of the f2 subunit, designated f2a (21 kda) and f2b (16 kda), which were collectively referred to as [f2](a/b). enzymatic deglycosylation of [f2](a/b) produced a single 10 kda product suggesting that [f2](a/b) arises from differences in the glycosylation pattern of f2a and f2b. the detection of [f2](a/b) was dependent upon the ... | 2002 | 11752701 |
| soybean mosaic virus (smv) and the smv resistance gene (rsv(1)): influence on phomopsis spp. seed infection in an aphid free environment. | infection of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] plants with soybean mosaic virus (smv) has been reported to enhance phomopsis spp. infection, which reduces seed quality. the timing and incidence of smv infection depends largely upon the level of primary inoculum and aphid-activity. two field experiments were conducted in aphid-free environments, to examine the influence of (i) smv-infection, and (ii) smv-resistance alleles of the rsv(1) gene, on the incidence of phomopsis spp. seed infection. in t ... | 2002 | 11756270 |
| mucosal immunization of rhesus monkeys against respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b and human parainfluenza virus type 3 by using a live cdna-derived vaccine based on a host range-attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 vector backbone. | reverse genetics was used to develop a two-component, trivalent live attenuated vaccine against human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroups a and b. the backbone for each of the two components of this vaccine was the attenuated recombinant bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3), a recombinant bpiv3 in which the bovine hn and f protective antigens are replaced by their hpiv3 counterparts (48). this chimera retains the well-characterized host range attenuation ph ... | 2002 | 11773385 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced t-cell proliferation by contact. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are major pathogens in infants and calves, respectively. experimental brsv infection of calves and lambs is associated with lymphopenia and a reduction in responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to mitogens ex vivo. in this report, we show that in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of pbls is inhibited after contact with rsv-infected and uv-inactivated cells or with cells expressing rsv envelope ... | 2002 | 11773392 |
| functional replacement and positional dependence of homologous and heterologous l domains in equine infectious anemia virus replication. | we have previously demonstrated by gag polyprotein budding assays that the gag p9 protein of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) utilizes a unique ypdl motif as a late assembly domain (l domain) to facilitate release of the budding virus particle from the host cell plasma membrane (b. a. puffer, l. j. parent, j. w. wills, and r. c. montelaro, j. virol. 71:6541-6546, 1997). to characterize in more detail the role of the ypdl l domain in the eiav life cycle, we have examined the replication prop ... | 2002 | 11799151 |
| mapping the transcription and replication promoters of respiratory syncytial virus. | an important, unresolved issue in mononegavirus biology is whether or not transcription is initiated by the same promoter as rna replication. in this study, residues important for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transcription and rna replication were identified by subjecting the first 26 nucleotides of genome rna to saturation mutagenesis. this analysis was performed using a genome analog that allowed transcription and rna replication to be dissociated from each other and monitored as independ ... | 2002 | 11799161 |
| regulated gene expression in the chicken embryo by using replication-competent retroviral vectors. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-derived retroviral vector could efficiently deliver the green fluorescent protein (gfp), which is driven by the internal cytomegalovirus enhancer/promoter, into restricted cell populations in the chicken embryo. rsv-derived vectors coupled with the tet regulatory elements also revealed doxycycline-dependent inducible gfp expression in the chicken embryo in ovo. | 2002 | 11799192 |
| antiviral chinese medicinal herbs against respiratory syncytial virus. | forty-four medicinal herbs were tested for antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by means of the cytopathologic effect (cpe) assay. twenty-seven of the 44 medicinal herbs showed potent or moderate antiviral activities against rsv with 50% inhibition concentration (ic(50)) ranging from 6.3 to 52.1 microg/ml, and with selectivity index (si) ranging from 2.0 to 32.1. further purification of the active extracts from sophora flavescens ait. and scutellaria baicalensis georgi ... | 2002 | 11801383 |
| virus-specific ctl responses induced by an h-2k(d)-restricted, motif-negative 15-mer peptide from the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | we describe 15-mer peptide p8:f92-106 from the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that can act as an mhc class i-restricted (h-2k(d)) epitope for rsv-specific cd8(+) ctl. this peptide is interesting because not only is it the first murine ctl epitope to be identified in the f protein but also because it does not contain a known allele-specific motif, as all 15 amino acids appear to be required for effective presentation to ctl. in in vitro mhc class i refolding experiments, peptide p ... | 2002 | 11807236 |
| association between surfactant protein a gene locus and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal epidemics of bronchiolitis among susceptible infants. surfactant protein a (sp-a), a lung c-type lectin involved in innate host defense, opsonizes rsv and enhances phagocytosis. the candidate gene approach was used to investigate association of sp-a polymorphism with susceptibility to severe rsv infection. genotype analysis was done for 86 infants with severe rsv infection and 95 matched control subjects. a significant difference in the frequency ... | 2002 | 11807709 |
| efficient polyadenylation of rous sarcoma virus rna requires the negative regulator of splicing element. | rous sarcoma virus pre-mrna contains an element known as the negative regulator of splicing (nrs) that acts to inhibit viral rna splicing. the nrs binds serine/arginine-rich (sr) proteins, hnrnp h and the u1/u11 snrnps, and appears to inhibit splicing by acting as a decoy 5' splice site. deletions within the gag gene that encompass the nrs also lead to increased read-through past the viral polyadenylation site, suggesting a role for the nrs in promoting polyadenylation. using nrs-specific deleti ... | 2002 | 11809895 |
| an aged mouse model for rsv infection and diminished cd8(+) ctl responses. | recent studies indicate that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), like influenza, causes significant morbidity and mortality among elderly persons. there are currently no animal models to study the effects of aging on rsv disease and immunity. this manuscript provides an initial description of such a model. aged and young balb/c mice (22-24 and 2-4 months, respectively) were infected with 10(4) tcid(50) of rsv a2. rsv was detected by culture in lung and nose wash specimens obtained 4-6 days follow ... | 2002 | 11815677 |
| pharmacokinetics of a benzodithiin (rd3-0028) following aerosol treatment in rat. | 1. rd3-0028, a benzodithiin compound, has potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell culture. the compound also inhibits growth of rsv and improves pathologic changes of interstitial pneumonia in the immunosuppressed mouse when delivered by small-particle aerosol. 2. in the present study, the absorption, distribution and excretion of 14c-rd3-0028 were compared in rat following either a single aerosol treatment or oral administration. 3. the plasma concentration w ... | 2002 | 11820507 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has a worldwide distribution and can cause serious lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). rsv is most commonly considered a pathogen among infants and young children; however, it can cause serious lrti throughout life, especially among those with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems and the elderly. in temperate climates, rsv infections occur primarily during annual outbreaks, which peak during winter months. in the united states, rsv activity is ... | 2002 | 11820526 |
| [treatment of infants with rsv infection: a retrospective analysis of the season 1998/99]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for respiratory tract infection during the first 2 years of life. recently the monoclonal antibody palivizumab was approved for prophylaxis of rsv infection. guidelines for the use of palivizumab are based on data from north america and great britain. the epidemiology of rsv infection and patient management procedures may vary from one country to another. this study was designed to analyze the spectrum of patients ho ... | 2002 | 11823952 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among alaska native children. | the incidence of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among alaska native children is much higher than among non-native populations in the united states. we conducted this study to better understand factors associated with hospitalization attributable to rsv infection in this high-risk population. | 2002 | 11826197 |
| n-acetylcysteine augments adenovirus-mediated gene expression in human endothelial cells by enhancing transgene transcription and virus entry. | it has previously been shown that oxidants reduce the efficiency of adenoviral transduction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs). in this study, the effect of the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine (nac) in adenovirus-mediated gene transfer has been investigated. | 2002 | 11828388 |
| increased activity of c-src and csk in fibroblasts transformed by v-src oncogene. | when c-src and v-src were immunoprecipitated together from hamster fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus containing v-src oncogene, the total src activity was almost threefold higher compared to c-src activity in the control cells. the activity of v-src immunoprecipitated separately, however, accounting for only 40% of the total src activity, indicating that c-src is activated upon transformation. an increased activity of csk was also found in rsv-transformed cells. it decreased upon ser ... | 2002 | 11785970 |