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isolation and biochemical characterization of the costa of tritrichomonas foetus.the costae are cytoskeletal structures found in trichomonadidae. both the structural organization and composition of this organelle are still unknown. in the present work we have introduced a new methodology for the costa isolation. using sucrose density-gradient centrifugation an enriched costa fraction was obtained. analyses by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) showed that the costa contains several proteins, with major bands corresponding to apparent molecul ...19938330620
in vitro susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis strains to metronidazole--a nigerian experience. 19938335321
trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of ornithine decarboxylase.ornithine decarboxylase (odc), the lead enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was partially purified from trichomonas vaginalis and its kinetic properties were studied. the enzyme appears to be of special significance in this anaerobic parasite, since the arginine dihydrolase pathway generates atp as well as putrescine from arginine. odc from t. vaginalis had a broad substrate specificity, decarboxylating ornithine (100%), lysine (1.0%) and arginine (0.1%). the enzyme had a ph optimum of 6.5, a temp ...19938343128
[proteinase activity in the isolates of trichomonas vaginalis according to their pathogenicity].ten axenic isolates of trichomonas vaginalis were subcutaneously injected to the balb/c mice in order to assess their pathogenicity by means of so-called "mouse assay" method. all the isolates revealed neutral and acid proteinase activities both in their lysates and in culture media, but the specific activities of both proteinases in the severely pathogenic group were significantly higher than the mildly pathogenic group (p < 0.05). in the sds-page system in which the electrophoretic gels contai ...19938343453
accuracy of the papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with trichomonas vaginalis.to assess the accuracy of papanicolaou smears in reporting cytologic evidence of trichomonas vaginalis in asymptomatic women attending a resident clinic.19938355946
structural characterization of novel inositol phosphosphingolipids of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis.two major ethanolamine phosphate-substituted inositol phosphosphingolipids have been identified in the unsaponifiable acidic lipid fractions of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis. the compounds were radiolabelled and purified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. the structures were determined by a combination of tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments, and gas-liquid chromatography ...19938358151
[isolation of gardnerella vaginalis from vaginal discharge specimens].in this study specimens taken from 93 patients who admitted to outpatient clinics of ssk ankara gynaecology and obstetrics hospital with vaginal discharge were examined for g. vaginalis, t. vaginalis, c. albicans and n. gonorrhoeae. we evaluated the smell, ph, direct microscopic examinations, stained preparations and specific culture results of the discharges which were taken from posterior fornix. we isolated g. vaginalis from 13 patients (13.9%), t. vaginalis from 5 patients (5.3%) and c. albi ...19938361406
[sexually transmitted diseases by agents other than viruses and treponema].the current concepts about sexually transmitted diseases (std)--excluding syphilis and viral std--are presented in a condensed form. the focus of attention is directed to complications or sequelae of these infections, and to the epidemiology of std.19938370590
evidence for an [fe]-type hydrogenase in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis.the hydrogenase of the pathogenic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis was extracted and partially purified. the catalytic and spectroscopic properties of the enzyme indicate that it belongs to the class of [fe]-hydrogenases, rather than the [nife]-hydrogenases. the hydrogenase activity was highly sensitive to carbon monoxide, 50% inhibition being attained by 1 microm co. the epr spectrum of the most active fractions from chromatography, after reduction by hydrogen and partial reoxidation under argon ...19938381361
antimicrobial activity and spectrum of rifaximin, a new topical rifamycin derivative.rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, was evaluated in vitro to assess its spectrum and potency against a wide variety of bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and parasites. high concentrations of rifaximin were often used to reflect topically achieved levels since this compound is poorly absorbed by oral route. like rifampin, rifaximin possessed best activity against staphylococcus spp. (mic50 < or = 0.015 microgram/ml), streptococcus spp. (mic50s, < or = 0.03-0.12 microgram/ml), enterococcus spp. (mic50s, ...19938385592
biogenesis of the hydrogenosome in the anaerobic protist trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is a primitive protist that lacks mitochondria and peroxisomes. this aerotolerant anaerobe does, however, contain a specialized organelle involved in carbohydrate metabolism called the hydrogenosome. hydrogenosomes are the site of fermentative oxidation of pyruvate, coupled to atp production via substrate level phosphorylation. the organelle is surrounded by 2 membranes and appears to contain no genetic material. hydrogenosomes are proposed to have arisen either through the ...19938410536
metronidazole resistant trichomonas vaginalis in brisbane. 19938412928
trichomonas vaginalis infection in pre-pubertal girls.this short paper discusses the implications of trichomonas vaginalis infection of the genital tract in children with respect to suspected child abuse. two case reports are described to illustrate the problems that can arise in the investigation of such cases t. vaginalis is usually transmitted sexually but the potential for non-sexual transmission does exist.19938429776
lipophosphoglycan-like glycoconjugate of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis.lipophosphoglycan-like glycoconjugates were isolated, purified and partially characterized from tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis. cell surface radiolabeling of both trichomonads by the galactose oxidase/nab[3h]4 technique indicated that the glycoconjugate was located on the cell surface of the parasites. the glycoconjugates were extracted from the delipidated residue fraction with the solvent, water/ethanol/diethylether/pyridine/nh4oh (15:15:5:1:0.017) and were purified to homogen ...19938433719
trichomonas vaginalis: a reemerging pathogen.infestation with t. vaginalis is a common and potentially morbid infection. in addition to reproductive tract discharge and irritation, infection with this protozoa is increasingly recognized to be associated with reproductive tract complications, including postabortal infection, postcesarean infection, preterm birth, and prom. clinical diagnosis is often difficult and newer approaches using specific antigen and nucleic acid technologies will probably replace "wet prep" microscopic techniques. e ...19938435938
pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis. 19938435939
sexual intercourse during pregnancy and preterm delivery: effects of vaginal microorganisms. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.our aim was to investigate the influence of vaginal colonization with specific microorganisms on the relationship between sexual intercourse during pregnancy and preterm delivery.19938438920
contact-independent cytotoxicity of trichomonas vaginalis.to test the dependency of haemolytic and cytocidal manifestations of pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis on direct contact between the target cells and the organism. test organism: t vaginalis strain baltimore 42.19938444480
a comparison of yield from cervix versus vagina for culturing candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis.to determine the agreement of culture results of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis from the cervix versus posterior fornix in women with vaginal symptoms.19938444481
nitroimidazole drugs--action and resistance mechanisms. i. mechanisms of action. 19938444678
signalling of trichomonas vaginalis for amoeboid transformation and adhesion synthesis follows cytoadherence.the cytoadherence of trichomonas vaginalis, the sexually transmitted flagellated protozoan, to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) is the key to infection. electron microscopy revealed that in vitro-grown parasites having typical globular shape transformed rapidly after contact with vecs into thin, flat, amoeboid cells, maximizing the area of adhesion to the surface of vecs. amoebic trichomonads formed filopodia and pseudopodia, which interdigitated at distinct sites on the plasma membrane of target ...19938446032
detection of trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women with the inpouch tv culture system.trichomonas vaginalis causes a common genitourinary infection which is frequently asymptomatic. at present, pregnant women are not usually screened for the infection unless they are symptomatic. in the present study, we screened and obtained samples for culture from all pregnant women attending a prenatal clinic with the inpouch tv culture system and compared results with those of standard culture in diamond's medium and slide wet mount examination. the inpouch tv culture system was as reliable ...19938463382
[dramatic reduction of the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infections].in contrary to former meanings the trichomonas-vaginalis-infection doesn't play any longer an important role. nowadays it even seems to be a rarity. so we found an infection-rate of 2.17% in 1979 (n = 4005), whereas in 1992 only in 0.19% (n = 1048). the possible causes for this pleasant development are discussed. nevertheless a gynaecologist on principle should think of a trichomonas-vaginalis-infection not only when her/his patients show specific symptoms as to burning, itching, discharge and d ...19938465623
oxygen affinities of metronidazole-resistant and -sensitive stocks of giardia intestinalis.the common protozoon, giardia intestinalis, parasitizes the upper small intestine of man, and is often refractory to treatment by metronidazole. defective oxygen-scavenging mechanisms have been implicated as a cause of metronidazole resistance of another flagellate trichomonas vaginalis, where metronidazole is also the most common drug treatment. oxygen consumption of six clinical isolates of g. intestinalis and one line selected for resistance to metronidazole was measured over 0-50 microm-o2 u ...19938468134
aerobic resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole induced in vitro.aerobic resistance of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole was induced in vitro by anaerobic cultivation of drug-susceptible trichomonads with low concentrations of the drug (2-3 micrograms/ml) for 50 days. minimal lethal concentrations (mlc) for metronidazole of the resistant derivatives were high in aerobic susceptibility assays (mlc = 216-261.5 micrograms/ml) but low in anaerobic assays (mlc = 4.2-6.3 micrograms/ml), surpassing mlc values of their parent strain approximately 50-fold and 3-f ...19938479798
oxidative stress and trichomonas vaginalis: the effect of hydrogen peroxide in vitro.the oxidative stress response induced in trichomonas vaginalis by exposure to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was traced by metabolic labeling and monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography of trichloroacetic acid-precipitated proteins. concentrations of h2o2 > 450 microm decreased incorporation of radiolabel into protein and altered protein synthesis resulted in a banding pattern similar to the heat shock protein profile. the prote ...19938480855
clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men.to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis among sexually active men.19938480958
[clinical and colposcopic aspects of bacterial vaginosis].bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an uniform, malodorous, white-grey discharge. the presenting symptom is generally the unpleasant smell of the vaginal discharge, particularly following the menses or intercourse. other functional signs, such as pruritus, dysuria and dyspareunia are rare. inflammatory signs are frequent, and can be revealed by colposcopy with the lugol test: this shows punctuate colpitis with small regular points corresponding histologically to an inflammatory focus in the ...19938484087
the effect of giardia lamblia trophozoites on trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase in vitro.giardia lamblia localize and multiply in the small intestine and may cause acute or chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of fat, protein and other nutrients. abnormal pancreatic function has been documented in giardiasis and trophozoites directly inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of giardia trophozoites on pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase activity in vitro. axenically cultured giardia trophozoites (portland-1 stock) were incu ...19938488060
prevalence of cervical pathogens in women with and without inflammatory changes on smear testing.to assess correlation between nonspecific cervicitis, inflammation, or exudate on cervical smears tests and confirmed presence of known cervical pathogens.19938499824
the divergence of trichomonas vaginalis virus rnas among various isolates of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis virus is a double-stranded (ds) rna virus found in the parasitic protozoan t. vaginalis. to examine the possible existence of related viruses in various t. vaginalis strains and isolates, we screened 20 such isolates and found the characteristic 5.5-kb viral ds rna in 16 of them. an additional 0.5-kb ds rna band was also identified in 10 of these virus-infected t. vaginalis isolates. in a local isolate t1, this 0.5-kb ds rna cross-hybridized with the 5.5-kb ds rna. prelimin ...19938500587
natural history of urogenital trichomoniasis in men.although trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted pathogen, the significance and natural history of trichomoniasis remain undefined in the male patient. we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the relationship of t. vaginalis to nongonococcal urethritis in men and to increase our understanding of the natural history of this infection. as previously reported, t. vaginalis was isolated from 50 of 447 men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic by culture of urethra, firs ...19938501787
in vitro induced anaerobic resistance to metronidazole in trichomonas vaginalis.resistance to metronidazole detectable under anaerobic conditions was induced in two trichomonas vaginalis strains (tv 10-02 and mrp-2) by cultivation at gradually increasing pressure of the drug (1-100 micrograms/ml) for 12 to 21 months. the resistant derivatives reproduced in anaerobic trypticase-yeast-extract-maltose medium at 100 micrograms/ml metronidazole and showed very high values of minimal lethal concentration for metronidazole in anaerobic in vitro assays (556-1,600 micrograms/ml at 4 ...19938508165
trichomoniasis amongst students of a higher institution in nigeria.a total of 2048 urine specimens were examined to assess the infection prevalence and epidemiological factors of t. vaginalis amongst students in a nigerian higher institution. five hundred and five students were infected (24.7%). this included 131 (15.6%) males and 374 (31.0%) females. more male than female students were found to be asymptomatic. infection was significantly higher in females than males and in the second and third than the fourth and fifth decades of life (p < 0.05). infection in ...19938508217
the management of patients with inflammatory smear results in general practice.to ascertain the management of inflammatory smear results by general practitioners.19938509093
the association of gonorrhoea and syphilis with premature birth and low birthweight.provide evidence from prospective data that neisseria gonorrhoeae may be an important cause of premature delivery and low birth weight in areas with high prevalence of genital infections.19938509101
[identification of surface antigens of trichomonas vaginalis].surface proteins of trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) were analyzed to study the antigenic variation. the surface proteins of protozoa were labelled by n-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin (nhs-biotin), the nhs-biotin-labelled proteins were immunoprecipitated with rabbit antiserum to purify the antigenic fractions and analysed by sds-page plus electroblotting. the results obtained in this study were as follows; biotinylated t. vaginalis-proteins obtained from intact cell and cells disrupted prior to l ...19938512897
health gains from screening for infection of the lower genital tract in women attending for termination of pregnancy.infection of the upper genital tract after abortion is well recognised, but routine screening for infection before termination is rare, and few centres are aware of the prevalence of post-abortion complications in their population. we undertook a study to assess the prevalence and sequelae of genital-tract infection in patients undergoing termination of pregnancy and to estimate the costs and potential benefits of introducing screening and prophylaxis for the most commonly found organisms. the s ...19938100930
a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with eubacterial features in the amitochondriate eukaryote, trichomonas vaginalis.glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), localized in the cytosol of trichomonas vaginalis, was partially purified. the enzyme is specific for nad+ and is similar in most of its catalytic properties to glycolytic gapdhs from other organisms. its sensitivity to koningic acid is similar to levels observed in gapdhs from eubacteria and two orders of magnitude lower than those observed for eukaryotic gapdhs. the complete amino acid sequence of t. vaginalis gapdh was derived from the n-termi ...19938114116
isolation of chlamydia trachomatis among women with symptoms of lower genital tract infection.isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from the endocervix using cyclohexamide-treated mccoy cells were done in order to estimate the prevalence rate of its infection among gynecologic out patients who had symptoms and/or signs of lower genital tract infection. there were 498 patients from may 1989 to july 1990. eighty-six per cent of these patients were 25 years old or older. most of them (63%) were agricultural employees. ninety-three per cent were married and 78 per cent had less than or equal to ...19937964252
sexually transmitted diseases (std) in infertile males attending the andrology clinic at ga-rankuwa hospital.sexually transmitted diseases (stds) affect the physiology of male/female reproduction. chronic bacterial infection of semen is uncommon, but may be a cause of male infertility. antibacterial treatment results in improvement in sperm quality, once the infection is eradicated. little is known about how infection with mycoplasma hominis affects semen quality, but treatment with antibiotics improves motility and decreases the percentage of coiled tails. chlamydia trachomatis is not frequently i ...199212286085
effect of a phorbol ester on basic surface properties of trichomonads.the effect of nanomolar concentrations of 12-o-tetradecanoilphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) on the cell surface of the urogenital parasitic protozoa trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus was evaluated by means of measurements of the parasites' surface tension, electrokinesis, lectin agglutination tests, and adhesion to inert substrates. tpa-treated parasites had their adhesion increased to both plastic and glass substrates. this was accompanied by increases in the parasites' net negative surf ...19921284779
antibacterial, antimycotic and trichomonicidal activity of a new nitroimidazole (eu 11100).the antimicrobial profile of a new nitroimidazole derivative (5-nitro-1-methyl-imidazolyl-2-hydroxy-3 terbutylphenyl carbinol) has been studied. the in vitro activity of the new molecule has been evaluated against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycetes, under suitable experimental conditions. the new compound was compared with ampicillin against aerobic bacteria; with metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli and t. vaginalis; with nistatin and econa ...19921287136
activity assays of thiadiazine derivatives on trichomonas vaginalis and amastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi.eight thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives were evaluated for antitrichomonal and antitrypanosomal activities. in vivo tests were performed on a murine model for trichomoniasis standardized in our laboratory. the capacity of compounds to clear visceral lesions in experimentally infected animals as well as their effects on the mortality time of mice were used as criteria for activity. one of the thiadiazines (compound 7b) showed an efficacy similar to that obtained with the reference drug metronid ...19921288970
lysis of erythrocytes by trichomonas vaginalis.the in vitro hemolytic activity of 4 isolates of trichomonas vaginalis was investigated. repetitive hemolysis assays of any one isolate showed cyclical fluctuations in hemolytic activity, varying over 24 hr of continuous culture. maximal hemolytic activity was detected using trichomonads in the lag phase of the growth cycle. investigations showed that hemolysis was a contact-dependent phenomenon and microscopic investigation of samples showed a significant correlation between hemolysis and attac ...19921290802
energy metabolism of ancestral eukaryotes: a hypothesis based on the biochemistry of amitochondriate parasitic protists.parasitic amitochondriate protists, representatives of early branches of eukaryote evolution, differ considerably in their central, energy metabolism from mitochondrion-bearing cells. these differences are: significant metabolic functions of inorganic pyrophosphate, major role of iron-sulfur proteins in key metabolic steps and in hydrogenosome-bearing organisms the disposal of electrons by h2 formation. cytochrome-mediated electron transport and electron transport-linked phosphorylation are abse ...19921292665
[comparative antigen analysis of trichomonas vaginalis by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique].analysis of six isolates of trichomonas vaginalis was carried out with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb). trichloroacetic acid-treated antigens of the 6 isolates revealed 25 protein profiles ranging 12-170 kda of molecular weight in sds-page. in eitb, the specific immunogenic bands were visualized at 51 kda and 96 kda when hy-1 antigen was probed with different mice sera immunized with 6 isolates of t. vaginal ...19921297423
risk factors for hiv infection in gynaecological inpatients in dar es salaam, tanzania, 1988-1990.a prevalence of 12.8% for anti-hiv-1 and a prevalence of 16.8% for anti-syphilis antibodies was found in 359 gynaecological inpatients admitted in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics, muhimbili university college of health sciences from 1988 to 1990. the highest hiv prevalence (17.3%) was observed in the youngest age group (14-20 years), whereas the highest syphilis prevalence (22.2%) was found in the oldest age group (> 45 years). infections with hiv and syphilis were both significantl ...19921298634
effect of estrogens on the adhesion of trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cells in vitro.1. to further characterize the basic aspects of parasite-cell interaction, untreated and hormone-treated madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were allowed to interact with t. vaginalis. 2. among the six hormones assayed, alpha-estradiol caused mdck cells to become highly adhesive to t. vaginalis. increases in parasite adhesion of 83% and 68% were obtained by previous incubation of the epithelial monolayers for 18 h with 1 ng/ml alpha-estradiol and 10 ng/ml 17-beta-estradiol, respectively. 3. t ...19921304948
interactions between trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal flora in a mouse model.to study the role of vaginal flora and ph in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis, an intravaginal mouse model of infection was established. by employing this model, the vaginal flora and ph of mice could be monitored for changes caused by the parasite. as a baseline, the endemic vaginal flora of balb/c mice was examined first and found to consist mainly of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus species (32-76%). lactobacilli and enteric bacilli were moderate (16-32%) in their frequency of ...19921310732
iron regulates growth of trichomonas vaginalis and the expression of immunogenic trichomonad proteins.iron is an essential nutrient for trichomonas vaginalis and is acquired via highly specific receptor-mediated mechanisms from the host. responses of t. vaginalis to conditions of iron limitation or iron excess were analysed in order to determine whether iron levels in the growth medium regulate certain properties of the parasite. when compared with organisms grown in excess iron, iron limitation resulted in greater than or equal to 80% lower rates of protein synthesis and greater than or equal t ...19921310792
the pathway of arginine catabolism in giardia intestinalis.in giardia intestinalis, arginine is catabolised by the arginine dihydrolase pathway. the enzymes of the pathway (arginine deiminase, ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase) were investigated and their basic kinetic parameters determined. the specific activity of arginine deiminase was 270 +/- 23 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1; ornithine transcarbamoylase, in the direction of citrulline utilisation 170 +/- 22 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1, and in the direction of ornithine utilisation 2100 +/- ...19921314332
human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, hiv infection and cervical cancer in tanzania, east africa.the presence of hpv-dna was determined in tumor biopsies of cervical-cancer patients and in cervical swabs of non-cancer patients from tanzania, east africa, by southern blot hybridization and/or pcr. hpv types 16 and 18 were detected in 38% and 32%, respectively, of 50 cervical-carcinoma biopsies. a consensus primer pcr capable of detecting a broad spectrum of hpv types revealed the presence of hpv-dna in 59% of 359 cervical swabs of non-cancer patients. type-specific pcr showed that types 16 a ...19921318265
trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grade iii.the temporal relationship between cervical infection with trichomonas vaginalis (tv) or human papillomavirus (hpv) and the incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade three (cin iii) was examined in a cohort of 43,016 norwegian women. from 1980 to 1989, a cervico-vaginal infection from tv and hpv was diagnosed cytologically in 988 and 678 women, respectively. during the 181,240 person-years of observation, 440 cases of cin iii/cervical cancer developed. the age-adjusted incidence ...19921319218
rapid inactivation of infectious pathogens by chlorhexidine-coated gloves.gloves containing chlorhexidine gluconate in an instant-release matrix on their inner surface (chg gloves) were tested to determine their ability to rapidly inactivate infectious pathogens that may permeate or leak through the latex surface.19921325495
cytologic evidence of the association of different infective lesions with dysplastic changes in the uterine cervix.cervical smears from 4055 women were examined and classified as per who criteria. 873 (21.53%) smears revealed dysplastic changes. the dysplastic smears were further examined cytologically for the presence of chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus type-2, human papilloma virus, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans. chlamydia was found to be the commonest micro-organism associated with cervical dysplasia followed by herpes simplex virus type-2 and human papilloma virus. the association ...19921336729
molecular analysis of trichomonas vaginalis surface protein repertoires. 19921341642
vaginal microbial flora as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.the vaginal microbial flora of 106 women with histopathologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 79 women without disease, was evaluated for gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and other yeasts. flora morphology was assessed by gram staining of secretions. cervical cultures were examined for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and neisseria gonorrhoeae. chlamydia trachomatis antigens in cervical secretions were detected by enzyme immunoassay. human ...19921351005
is trichomoniasis often associated with bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents?the same criteria for identifying bacterial vaginosis are often present in women with trichomoniasis. these criteria include elevated vaginal ph, vaginal odor, homogeneous discharge, increased anaerobic bacteriologic vaginal flora, and elevated levels of bacterial enzymes. clinically mixed vaginal infections occur, and because the treatment for these two conditions can be different, it is important to distinguish between them. trichomoniasis can interfere with a gram stain diagnosis or the proli ...19921372472
characteristics of three vaginal flora patterns assessed by gram stain among pregnant women. vaginal infections and prematurity study group.this study was undertaken to define the characteristics and persistence of vaginal flora in 7918 pregnant women at 23 to 26 weeks' gestation. vaginal smears were categorized as normal (predominant lactobacilli), intermediate (reduced lactobacilli), or positive for bacterial vaginosis. the women with normal flora were least likely to have elevated vaginal ph, amine odor, milky discharge, or colonization by gardnerella, bacteroides, or genital mycoplasmas. women with intermediate vaginal flora had ...19921372474
reduced transcription of the ferredoxin gene in metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis.metronidazole [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] is used to treat infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human parasite. this drug is administered in an inactive form and is reduced to its cytotoxic form within the hydrogenosome, an unusual organelle found in trichomonads. metronidazole reduction occurs via ferredoxin-mediated electron transport. we have investigated the role of ferredoxin in metronidazole resistance. immunoblot analysis of drug-resistant ...19921374901
phenotypic variation of surface antigenic determinants in trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies.we produced a large panel of murine monoclonal antibodies against surface determinants of trichomonas vaginalis using the hybridoma technique. an immunoenzymatic technique (e.l.i.s.a.) was used to screen positive hybrid cells producing specific antibodies against the protozoan surface. eleven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) out of seventy-seven positives were further characterized. we tested antibody reactivity in order to investigate the antigenic variance among 13 different strains of trichomonas ...19921380113
[preparation and identification of anti-trichomonas vaginalis monoclonal antibodies].hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mcab) directed against trichomonas vaginalis have been produced by fusing nsi myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with trichomonas vaginalis. ifa technique was used to test the binding activity of four mcabs produced. the mcab belonged to the igg subtypes igg1 (2a2, 2a4 mcab), igg3 (2h9 mcab) and igg 2b (2a12 mcab). three mcabs, designated 2a2, 2a4, 2a12, reacted with a surface membrane component of live trichomonas vaginalis. one ...19921394911
protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review.reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ...19921396192
treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis among adult women using oral nitroimidazoles.successful treatment of infections with trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is difficult because of many confounding factors such as poor abstinence from sex during chemotherapy, lack of standardised chemotherapy, difficulties in understanding transmission patterns and low detection rates among infected individuals. the purpose of this study was to establish the present efficacy of the available drugs at their recommended single or double dosages for kenya. adult symptomatic females (age 17-39 years) wit ...19921396198
inflammation on the cervical papanicolaou smear: the predictive value for infection in asymptomatic women.the clinical significance of inflammation on the cervical papanicolaou (pap) smear of asymptomatic women is unknown. this study assessed the possible association between inflammation on pap smears with the presence of cervical/vaginal pathogens.19921397815
a novel neutrophil-activating factor released by trichomonas vaginalis.we have investigated the effects of a novel neutrophil-activating factor released by trichomonas vaginalis (tv-naf) on neutrophil chemotaxis. tv-naf was present in the supernatant from 10(7) t. vaginalis (stv) cultured in 1 ml of serum-free hanks' balanced salt solution (hbss) at 37 degrees c for 30 min. with a multichamber chemotactic assay, we found that there were 112 +/- 15 migrated neutrophils (mean +/- standard deviation, n = 7) for stv and 11 +/- 4 for hbss per high-power field (x 400). s ...19921398962
beta-succinyl-coenzyme a synthetase from trichomonas vaginalis is a soluble hydrogenosomal protein with an amino-terminal sequence that resembles mitochondrial presequences.we describe studies directed toward understanding the biogenesis and origin of the hydrogenosome, an unusual organelle found exclusively in certain anaerobic eukaryotes that lack mitochondria. hydrogenosomes are involved in fermentative carbohydrate metabolism and are proposed to have arisen through conversion of mitochondria or via endosymbiosis with an anaerobic bacterium. we cloned a gene encoding the beta subunit of the hydrogenosomal protein succinyl-coenzyme a synthetase (beta-scs) and iso ...19921400232
the plastic envelope method, a simplified technique for culture diagnosis of trichomoniasis.although culture of trichomonas vaginalis is more sensitive than wet mounts in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, the lack of convenience of culture prevents it from being widely used. to improve the acceptability of diagnosis by culture, a plastic envelope method (pem) was devised. pem permits both immediate examination and culture in one self-contained system. the medium consists of dry ingredients that are reconstituted with water before use. the effectiveness of immediate examinations by pem w ...19921400989
the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis in chronic prostatitis patients determined by culture using a newly modified liquid medium. 19921402043
cell surface saccharide differences in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of trichomonas vaginalis.surface carbohydrates of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains of trichomonas vaginalis were analysed using lectins. the presence of d-galnac, d-gal and mannose-like residues was detected in t. vaginalis. marked differences in exposed surface carbohydrates were documented, e.g. wheat germ agglutinin (wga) selectively agglutinated the drug-susceptible strain whereas drug-resistant parasites reacted preferentially with concanavalin a (con a). in drug-resistant, but not in drug-susceptible st ...19921406344
prevalence of sexually transmitted disease infection in women alleging rape.during a 2-year period ending in october, 1989, 110 women who claimed to have been raped were treated at the sexually transmitted disease clinic at birmingham general hospital. a total of 22 sexually transmitted infections were found in 14 (13%) women, of which chlamydia trachomatis (in 8%) and trichomonas vaginalis (in 6%) were the most frequently found pathogens. in none of these patients was it possible to determine whether infection resulted from rape or from voluntary intercourse with anoth ...19921411849
synthesis and antiprotozoal properties of 1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives.the synthesis and spectroscopical data of 1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides, designed as antiprotozoal agents, are reported. the in vitro trichomonacidal and trypanocidal activities of new compounds and their precursors were evaluated against trichomonas vaginalis and trypanosoma cruzi. the chemoprophylactic activity on mice treated with blood infected with t. cruzi and their mortality percentage were tested. compounds 2 and 8b show a higher chemoprophylactic activity and lower mortality percentage ...19921417459
management of chronic urethral symptoms in men.we describe 20 men who were referred because of chronic urogenital symptoms. they had been previously seen by zero to six physicians (mean, 1.8 physicians) and had been treated with zero to five courses of antimicrobial agents (mean, 2.4 courses) without relief of their symptoms. results of physical examinations of all patients were normal. an extensive evaluation failed to reveal any objective evidence of urethral inflammation. cultures for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplas ...19921420690
the association between sexually transmitted diseases and inflammatory cervical cytology.to assess the significance of inflammatory changes as a marker of sexually transmitted diseases and their use as a diagnostic aid.19921427801
a clinical evaluation of trichomoniasis in san jose, costa rica using the inpouch tv test.to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in san jose, costa rica, comparing two methods, the inpouch tv test and the saline wet mount.19921427806
risk assessment and laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men.control of trichomonas vaginalis is assuming higher priority because recent studies have suggested that trichomoniasis enhances susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection and the risk for delivery of low-birth weight infants. in a cross-sectional study, 50 cases were identified among 447 men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. as previously reported, trichomoniasis was associated with nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis. other risk factors included sexual contact wi ...19921431254
characterization of egyptian isolates of trichomonas vaginalis i. isoenzyme patterns.three t. vaginalis isolates from egypt were compared for their isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns on cellulose acetate. the enzymes studied were: glucose-6-dehydrogenase (g6pd); malate dehydrogenase (mdh); phosphoglucomutase (pgm); glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi); malic enzyme (me); hexokinase (hk) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). the three isolates shared the same isoenzyme banding patterns of mdh; gpi; hk and ldh. two of these isolates were similar in their banding patterns of g6pd, pgm and ...19921431286
characterization of egyptian isolates of trichomonas vaginalis: i. serotyping.antitrichomonal hyperimmune sera against t. vaginalis stocks isolated from egyptian female patients were employed for serological differentiation of somatic and soluble antigens in the ouchterlony gel double immunodiffusion technique. it was concluded that soluble trichomonal antigens present in association with living flagellates are stock--specific reacting with some, but not all the antitrichomonal hyperimmune sera, while those present in association with dead parasites are common antigens re ...19921431296
detection of serum antitrichomonal antibodies in urogenital trichomoniasis by immunofluorescence.trichomonas vaginalis is a frequently encountered genital pathogen in both males and females. in females, vaginitis due to this parasite is one of the most common manifestation. the indirect fluorescent technique (ifa) test was carried out to detect antitrichomonal antibodies in 370 female patients using whole cell antigen. seventy one (19.18%) gave positive reaction for either of the class igg, igm and iga antibodies. the level of the igg class antibodies was found to be higher i.e. 58 (81.69%) ...19921432833
cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for trichomonas vaginalis.a family of 650-bp-long repeats from the trichomonas vaginalis genome, designated the tv-e650 family, was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence is a+t-rich (73.3% a+t in the consensus sequence) and highly conserved among the 8 molecular clones analyzed. the differences among the clones are single-nucleotide and 2-nucleotide substitutions and insertions or deletions. the sequence uniformity of the clones as well as the presence of identical mutations in different clones suggest that effic ...19921435862
adhesion of trichomonas vaginalis to plastic surfaces: requirement for energy and serum constituents.the ability of trichomonas vaginalis to adhere to plastic surfaces in the presence of various agents and under different growth conditions was examined in wells of microtitre plates containing unsupplemented tyi medium or the same, with various supplements. following incubation, the wells were thoroughly washed and adhesion was determined by microscopic counting of the adherent organisms. there was no detectable adhesion in the absence of both serum and carbohydrate. optimal adhesion (about 10-2 ...19921437276
epidemiology of adult sexually transmitted disease agents in children being evaluated for sexual abuse.this prospective study describes the epidemiology of adult sexually transmitted disease agents in 1538 children ages 1 to 12 years being evaluated for possible sexual abuse. infections with these agents were related to the presence or absence of a history of sexual contact. neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) was found in 2.8% (41 of 1469); human papillomavirus presenting as condyloma acuminata, 1.8%; chlamydia trachomatis, 1.2% (17 of 1473); treponema pallidum (syphilis), 0.1% (1 of 1263); and herpes si ...19921454437
proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis: antibody response in patients with urogenital trichomoniasis.immunoprecipitation combined with electrophoresis in gelatin-polyacrylamide gels was successfully used for detection of antibodies against numerous proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis in infected patients. the method proved to be highly specific as anti-proteinase antibodies were absent in women with negative cultivation of t. vaginalis and no history of trichomoniasis. sera of 71% and vaginal washes of 86% patients with trichomoniasis were positive for these antibodies. in vaginal washes, but ...19921461679
[microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of gynalgin in the treatment of vaginitis].the microbiological effectiveness of the preparation gynalgin produced by polfa pharmaceutical works in rzeszów was assessed in cases of vulvovaginitis in 55 patients with clinically diagnosed inflammatory conditions of the lower genital tract, who were given gynalgin tablets in 10-day courses. vaginal smears were examined three times for the presence of bacteria, fungi and trichomonas vaginalis (before and immediately after the treatment, and two weeks later). in the initial examination in five ...19921462586
association of cervicovaginal infections with increased vaginal fluid phospholipase a2 activity.the purpose of this study was to determine if phospholipase a2 was detectable within vaginal fluid and to correlate its presence with the presence of common lower genital tract infection or microbial conditions.19921471671
influence of oxygen on the fermentative metabolism of metronidazole-sensitive and resistant strains of trichomonas vaginalis.the microaerophilic protozoon trichomonas vaginals responds to extracellular changes in oxygen concentration: acetate, lactate, ethanol, h2 and co2 formation, as well as glucose-depletion rates, are affected. all these variables except ethanol production rates, also differed between clinically metronidazole-sensitive (1910) and resistant (ir78 and cdc85) strains. most interesting were the greatly increased glucose-scavenging rates of resistant isolates and their low specific activities of hydrog ...19921475004
evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of vaginal infections. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration.the three major vaginal infections are yeast vulvovaginitis, trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis, and bacterial vaginosis. in terms of signs and symptoms, these disorders overlap substantially with one another and with other infections. therefore, the diagnosis of candidiasis and trichomoniasis requires isolation of the responsible pathogen. for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, all other potential causes of vaginal infection must be excluded and specified laboratory criteria must be met. clinic ...19921477218
successful response of metronidazole-resistant trichomonal vaginitis to tinidazole. a case report.treatment of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis infection is complicated by the lack of an effective alternative therapeutic regimen. data on the susceptibility of the organism to metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles are important in managing intractable cases. a case of trichomonal vaginitis with true resistance to metronidazole that responded to treatment with tinidazole is reported.19921492261
[in vitro evaluation of the activity of butoconazole against trichomonas vaginalis].an in vitro study was carried out on ten first clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. increasing levels of butaconazole were added to 150 microliters of a dilution in roiron medium adjusted to 50,000 trichomonas/ml. results were read after 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours aerobic incubation at 37 degrees c. minimum lethal concentration was 93 micrograms/microliters after one hour, 23 micrograms/microliter after six hours and 12 micrograms/microliters after 24 hours. these findings warrant in vivo studi ...19921495832
mycoplasma hominis in women with bacterial vaginosis.an association between m. hominis and bacterial vaginosis (bv) was looked for in total 205 women characterized as having bv. vaginal specimens from these patients were studied for the presence of amines, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, clue cells, and lactobacilli, and were also cultured to isolate gardnerella vaginalis, m. hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and anaerobes. g. vaginalis was found to be the most common isolate from 132 cases (64.3%). m. hominis was isolated from 90 cas ...19921506065
human ecology and parasitic infections. 1. the effect of occupation on the prevalence of parasitic infections in calabar, nigeria.one thousand six hundred people belonging to three different occupational groups were randomly selected. blood, urine and stool specimens were collected from them and processed for the detection of any parasitic infections. the results show 28.5% infection rate with one or more species of intestinal parasites; 50.7% in the school children, 17.3% among the farmers, and 12% among the soldiers. results of blood examination showed 5.3%, 8.0% and 2.0% infection rates for p. falciparum in the school p ...19921512451
pyruvate kinase from trichomonas vaginalis, an allosteric enzyme stimulated by ribose 5-phosphate and glycerate 3-phosphate.trichomonas vaginalis pyruvate kinase was purified over 1750 fold to a specific activity greater than 100 mumol min-1 (mg protein)-1. the enzyme is a tetramer of m(r) 266,000, consisting of subunits of m(r) 53,000 and 56,000 in equivalent amounts. its activity was dependent on the presence of magnesium but was not stimulated by potassium or ammonium. the enzyme exhibited positive cooperativity towards phosphoenolpyruvate and was inhibited by inorganic phosphate, which increased the sigmoidicity ...19921518529
vaginal po2 in healthy women and in women infected with trichomonas vaginalis: potential implications for metronidazole therapy.we measured the po2, ph, and temperature in the vaginal canals of nine patients with symptomatic trichomonas vaginitis and those of 10 healthy women. the patients included eight women with primary infections caused by metronidazole-susceptible strains and one refractory case that resulted from infection with a metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis. the median vaginal po2, ph, and temperature in the patient group were 1 mm hg, 6, and 37.3 degrees c respectively; these medians were 1 mm hg ...19921536244
development of a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis.we developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test for detecting the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. genomic libraries were constructed from two independent clinical isolates of t. vaginalis. from these libraries, 12 genomic clones were purified, sequenced, and then screened for uniqueness by computer-assisted sequence comparisons. pcr reactions were performed to evaluate eight pcr-primer pairs, including a primer pair that targeted the t. vaginalis ferredoxin gene. all eight pr ...19921537918
rapid and practical dna isolation from trichomonas vaginalis and other nuclease-rich protozoa. 19921565132
barrier contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases in women: a comparison of female-dependent methods and condoms.most efforts at sexually transmitted disease (std) protection center on condom use, but little is known about how condoms compare with other barrier methods, particularly those controlled by women.19921566944
a preliminary study on vaginal trichomonal antigens using ciep and modified elisa.the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) were used to detect t. vaginalis antigens in vaginal discharge of 47 infected women and 35 controls. rabbit antisera raised against t. vaginalis were used as antitrichomonal antibodies. the sensitivity of elisa was 95.7% and specificity was 91.4 in contrast to 68.1 and 77.1% for ciep. so elisa could be applied for epidemiological study and immunodiagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis.19921578160
vaginal leukocyte characteristics in urogenital trichomoniasis.morphological and functional characteristics of vaginal exudate leukocytes were examined in 47 patients with urogenital trichomoniasis. electron microscopic morphology, viability, phagocytosis of candida albicans blastospores and ability to undergo respiratory burst in the iodonitrotetrazolium reductase test were evaluated in these cells. vaginal inflammatory leukocytes were almost exclusively polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and their concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.58; p less than ...19921586477
mouse intravaginal infection with trichomonas vaginalis and role of lactobacillus acidophilus in sustaining infection.recent work with a mouse model of trichomonas vaginalis infection indicated that only 25% of mice harbor lactobacillus spp. and that t. vaginalis infection rates fall rapidly after 7 days postinfection. in women infected with t. vaginalis, there is a disruption of the lactobacillus population, which usually predominates. in an attempt to establish a better mouse intravaginal infection that resembles human disease, we established lactobacillus acidophilus in estrogenized balb/c mice. t. vaginalis ...19921587604
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