Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for atovaquone. | a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the drug atovaquone, which is currently being used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma gondii encephalitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). protein is precipitated from plasma with acetonitrile-aqueous 1% acetic acid (85:15). the supernatant is assayed on a c6 column using methanol-10 mm triethylamine in aqueous 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (76:24) with detection at 254 nm. t ... | 1996 | 8634763 |
| macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis successfully treated with cyclosporine. | a macrophage activation syndrome, possibly related to methotrexate toxicity, developed in a boy with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. corticosteroid administration was ineffective, whereas a prompt response to cyclosporine was observed. two months later, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed. | 1996 | 8636829 |
| duration of the survival benefit of zidovudine therapy in hiv infection. | zidovudine therapy improves survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and delays progression from earlier stages to advanced stage of hiv disease. the duration of the benefit of zidovudine therapy, however, may be limited. | 1996 | 8638994 |
| changing patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an inner-city population. a 12-year retrospective study. | to determine patterns of autopsy findings among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) during a 12-year period. | 1996 | 8639049 |
| a crystallographic and spectroscopic study of the complex between d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan, an analogue of berenil. structural origins of enhanced dna-binding affinity. | 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan ("furamidine") is a dicationic minor groove binding drug that has been shown to be more effective than pentamidine against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in an immunosuppressed rat model. it has a close structural similarity to the antitrypanosomal drug berenil, differing only on the replacement of the central triazene unit with a furan moiety. we have determined the crystal structure of the complex between furamidine and the dna dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and com ... | 1996 | 8639524 |
| transfusion-acquired aids in taiwan. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) can be transmitted through blood transfusion. the first transfusion-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patient in taiwan was a 46-year-old woman who received two units of whole blood during a hysterectomy at a provincial hospital in 1985. in 1991, she experienced a herpes zoster infection. in march 1993, she had extensive herpetic gingivostomatitis and another herpes zoster attack, and was treated at the same hospital. two months later, she had ... | 1996 | 8640096 |
| composition of pneumocystis carinii neutral lipids and identification of coenzyme q10 as the major ubiquinone homolog. | the lipids of purified preparations of pneumocystis carinii carinii freshly isolated from infected rats were analyzed and compared with those of whole lungs from normal and methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed uninfected rats. in this study, the neutral lipid fraction was examined in detail; the relative concentrations of individual classes making up this fraction were quantified. of particular interest was the nature of the organism's ubiquinone (coenzyme q, coq) fraction because atovaquone, a h ... | 1996 | 8640186 |
| an arrayed bacteriophage p1 genomic library of pneumocystis carinii. | we have constructed an arrayed, large insert, multiple coverage genomic library of pneumocystis carinii dna using the bacteriophage p1 cloning system. the library consists of approximately 4800 independent clones with an average insert size of approximately 55 kbp individually arrayed in 50 microtiter plates, and is readily screened on ten or fewer microtiter plate-sized filters using a high density colony replicating device. screening of the library for unique p. carinii sequences detected an a ... | 1996 | 8640187 |
| signal transduction in pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the genes (pcg1) encoding the alpha subunit of the g protein (pcg1) of pneumocystis carinii carinii and pneumocystis carinii ratti. | pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic organism that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. the cell biology and life cycle of the organism are poorly understood primarily because of the lack of a continuous in vitro cultivation system. these limitations have prevented investigation of the organism's infectious cycle and hindered the rational development of new antimicrobial therapies and implementation of measures to prevent exposure to the organism or transmission. the interaction of p. ca ... | 1996 | 8641768 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in transgenic b cell-deficient mice. | pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. both cellular and humoral immunity seem important in resistance to this pathogen, but the specific role of each component is poorly understood. an outbreak of p. carinii pneumonia in transgenic b cell-deficient mice (mumt) was studied. over 4 months, >50% of 41 mumt/mumt mice maintained in a sterile environment died of pneumonia. some mice had concurrent infection with pasteurella pneumotropica. homozygous mumt/m ... | 1996 | 8603947 |
| search for extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii in an animal model. | pneumocystis carinii-infected immunosuppressed ferrets and rats were searched for p. carinii cysts and trophozoites in extrapulmonary organs, including the heart, liver, stomach, kidney, and spleen. foci of p. carinii were found in the liver or kidney of 4 (10%) of 40 ferrets but in no extrapulmonary sites of 30 rats with p. carinii pneumonitis. attempts to identify p. carinii from immunosuppressed rat or ferret blood or propagate the organism intraorbitally in immunosuppressed rats were unsucce ... | 1996 | 8604119 |
| options in the management of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and intolerance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | the increased resistance, intolerance, or allergy to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) has brought much attention to alternative treatment of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp). pentamidine is considered when there is documented allergy or intolerance to tmp/smx. similarly, either dapsone/trimethoprim or clindamycin/primaquine is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate pcp, but both regimens are contraindicated in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. for ... | 1996 | 8604455 |
| fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of pneumocystic carinii: comparison with those in the lungs of normal and methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed rats. | large numbers of viable organisms can be isolated from the corticosteroid-immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. with the development of purification protocols that provide organism preparations of high purity, meaningful lipid biochemical analyses of this important opportunistic pathogen can now be conducted. the phospholipid class composition of the pathogen was reported earlier, together with observations of changes that occur in the rat lungs in response to methylpredn ... | 1996 | 8606108 |
| natural history of opportunistic disease in an hiv-infected urban clinical cohort. | to determine the effect of contemporary clinical care on the natural history of opportunistic disease in an urban population infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1996 | 8607591 |
| pulmonary infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. changing pattern of microbial etiologies. | pulmonary infections are a significant cause of morbidity after liver transplantation; gram-negative bacilli, cytomegalovirus, and pneumocystis carinii were the usual pulmonary pathogens in the earlier studies in liver transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine. we prospectively assessed the impact of pulmonary infection in 101 consecutive liver transplant recipients receiving the new immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus (fk506). fifteen percent (15/101) of the patients had 19 episodes of pneumo ... | 1996 | 8610349 |
| comparison of three regimens for treatment of mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. a double-blind, randomized, trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone-trimethoprim, and clindamycin-primaquine. actg 108 study group. | to compare the tolerability and efficacy of three oral regimens for the treatment of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8610948 |
| disease in children infected with hiv in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. | to document the range of disease in african children infected with hiv. | 1996 | 8611829 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with an atypical granulomatous response. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii may present atypical radiographic and pathologic findings. we report the case of a 32-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) whose chest roentgenogram showed a bilateral diffuse nodular pattern suggestive of miliary tuberculosis. diagnosis ultimately required open lung biopsy, which showed evidence of an atypical granulomatous reaction with pneumocystis carinii in the absence of other organisms. p carinii pneumonia must be considered in ... | 1996 | 8614882 |
| expression of variants of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | previously, we have shown that a multicopy family of related but unique genes encodes the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii. to examine whether different members of this gene family are expressed by p. carinii, antisera were prepared against peptides whose sequences were determined from the deduced amino acid sequences of variants of rat-derived msg. immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of rat lungs of infected animals showed that at least three variants of msg ... | 1996 | 8642264 |
| [pneumocystis carinii lung infections in aids patients: a study with high-resolution computed tomography (hrct)]. | in 1993, a hundred and fifty aids patients were submitted to high-resolution ct (hrct). in 102 patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and/or transbronchial biopsy findings suggested the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--a pure pneumocystis carinii infection in 75 patients and associated with other pathogenic agents in 27. we report the most common hrct patterns, such as ground-glass opacities, cysts, interstitial changes and nodules. ground-glass opacities were demonstrated in 57.8% of case ... | 1996 | 8643846 |
| [prognostic value of interleukin-8 in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | we evaluated the significance of interleukin-8 (il-8) in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and serum was prospectively collected in 76 consecutive hiv-infected patients with a primary episode of pcp, as well as in ten healthy control subjects. patients were found to have elevated levels of il-8 in bal fluid compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). nine patients died during the course of pcp. non-survivors had significantly higher il-8 levels in bal fluid th ... | 1996 | 8644397 |
| [survival time after the diagnosis of aids in the county of funen]. | since the diagnosis of aids was first made, a lot of efforts have been made to improve survival. different studies have found varied results, both geographically as well as over periods of time. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1993 142 patients that were hiv-positive were seen in the geographically well defined area of funen. during the period 1.1.1985 to 31.12.1990 the median time elapsed between the patient being found to be hiv-positive and the patient presenting with an aids-defining dis ... | 1996 | 8644409 |
| [cytomegalovirus retinitis and pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy in a patient with aids]. | a case of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) choroidopathy is reported. the patient was a 17-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who developed bilateral, multifocal, yellow-white, round, flat choroidal lesions ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/6 of the disc diameter while undergoing treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. he had had p. carinii pneumonia 43 months previously, and received inhaled pentamidine as suppressive therapy. over a 4-week period of observation, the chor ... | 1996 | 8644534 |
| feasibility of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an emergency department-based, risk-targeted voluntary hiv screening program. | 1996 | 8644953 |
| simultaneous pulmonary infection by nocardia asteroides and pneumocystis carinii in a renal transplant patient. | 1996 | 8671868 | |
| predictors of resource utilization for hospitalized patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp): a summary of effects from the multi-city study of quality of pcp care. | to determine whether patient and hospital characteristics were significantly associated with variations in pneumocystis carinii (pcp) care and outcomes, we analyzed the use of diagnostic tests, intensive care units (icus), anti-pcp medications for persons hospitalized with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pcp, and hospital discharge status. we conducted retrospective chart reviews of a cohort of 2,174 patients with pcp hospitalized in 1987-1990. outcomes included process of care for pc ... | 1996 | 8673547 |
| costs of hiv+/aids at cd4+ counts disease stages based on treatment protocols. | we report treatment protocols for hiv+/aids patients by cd4+ counts (t-lymphocyte cells/mm3: > or = 500, 499-200, 199-50, and < 50) as a tool to provide better definition and to project annual costs (total charges for services) and lifetimes costs for hiv+/aids. the treatment protocols, derived from the literature and an hiv+/aids physician panel, defined the resource use associated with antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic disease prophylaxis and treatment. resource use costs were derived f ... | 1996 | 8673552 |
| antibody-mediated shift in the profile of glycoprotein a phenotypes observed in a mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | it is well established that pneumocystis carinii has the molecular capability for variation of a major surface antigen, glycoprotein a (gpa). however, the extent of expression of gpa variation among p. carinii organisms infecting a single host and whether this variation has any impact on host-parasite immunological interactions is unknown. using a mouse model of p. carinii pneumonia, we were able to demonstrate the expression of more than one gpa phenotype in a closed population of infected mice ... | 1996 | 8675284 |
| [a case of aids with bronchial tuberculosis]. | a case is 48 years-old japanese man who had a history of frequent sexual contact with prostitutes in thailand and the philippines. he presented with chief complaint of chest discomfort in april 1995. his chest x-ray film showed right mediastinal lymph node swelling in other hospital and the sputum smear was strongly positive for acid fast bacilli. in may 1995, he was admitted to our hospital and serological tests for hiv were positive both by eia and western blot methods. the cd4 lymphocyte coun ... | 1996 | 8676592 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: retrospective analysis of 80 documented cases (1985-1993)]. | eighty initial episodes of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosed at bordeaux hospital between 1985 and 1993 are reported (57 were men and 23 women). pcp revealed hiv infection in 29 patients (36%). others cases were patients with poor medical follow up (10%), with a cd4+ lymphocyte count above 200/mm3 at last follow-up (9%), non compliant with pcp prophylaxis (9%), or using aerolized pentamidine (ap+) (20%). the main clinical symptoms were fever (90%), dyspnea (68%), non ... | 1996 | 8677382 |
| safety of dapsone as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with allergy to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | to assess the safety of dapsone prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with prior intolerance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). | 1996 | 8678080 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection in dar es salaam, tanzania. role of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. | to determine the pulmonary complications in hiv-1-infected patients in dar es salaam, tanzania, and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, we carried out a prospective study of 237 patients with acute respiratory disease who were hospitalized at muhimbili medical center (mmc). diagnoses were made using well-defined criteria. of the total, 127 (54%) were hiv-1-seropositive and 110 (46%) were seronegative. tuberculosis was the most common diagnosis occurring ... | 1996 | 8680664 |
| long-term administration of aerosolized pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. the italian pediatric collaborative study group on pentamidine. | summary: we assessed the long-term feasibility, safety, and tolerability of two regimens of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a large sample of infants and children with symptomatic hiv infection in 21 pediatric departments. one hundred forty children were assigned to receive 60 mg every 2 weeks (n = 60) or 120 mg every 4 weeks (n = 80) of ap, delivered by the ultrasonic nebulizer fisoneb under the supervision of trained personnel. chi ... | 1996 | 8680887 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and futility. | 1996 | 8681586 | |
| prospective, controlled study of the outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody-positive children admitted to an intensive care unit. | intensive care resources are both scarce and costly in south africa. we set out to ascertain whether human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status affects the spectrum of disease and the prognosis in children treated in pediatric intensive care units (icus). | 1996 | 8681599 |
| the safety of i.v. pentamidine administered in an ambulatory setting. | i.v. pentamidine is well known to cause severe multiorgan adverse effects and is usually given to hospitalized patients under close monitoring. the primary purpose of this retrospective quality assurance study is to assess the safety of administering i.v. pentamidine in the medical daycare unit (mdcu) for outpatients. thirty-five outpatients infected with the hiv made 306 visits to the mdcu from january 1991 to december 1993. they received i.v. pentamidine in a dosage of either 300 mg once a mon ... | 1996 | 8681617 |
| an effectiveness community-based clinical trial of respirgard ii and fisoneb nebulizers for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis with aerosol pentamidine in hiv-infected individuals. toronto aerosol pentamidine study (taps) group. | to compare the effectiveness of a standard jet nebulizer, respirgard ii, and a standard ultrasonic nebulizer, fisoneb, for the administration of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected individuals. | 1996 | 8681618 |
| imbalance between pneumocystis carinii cysts and trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pneumocystosis receiving prophylaxis. | detection and quantification of different pneumocystis carinii (pc) life cycle forms were performed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and by morphological stains on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) from hiv-infected patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). the number of pc trophozoites was higher in patients with pcp who were receiving prophylaxis than in those not receiving prophylaxis. also the cyst: trophozoite ratio was lower in the first group. no difference was observed between patie ... | 1996 | 8683551 |
| cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with aids: comparison with antigenaemia and viraemia. | pulmonary infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a well recognised complication of aids. it is often possible to detect cmv-infected cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens with monoclonal antibodies, but the clinical significance of their presence remains unclear. to investigate this, 24 aids patients were tested for cmv antigenaemia and viraemia, in addition to cmv detection in bal. cmv was detected in the bal of nine patients (38%), five with clinical and laboratory evidence of pulmo ... | 1996 | 8683552 |
| [pulmonary toxoplasmosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 21 cases]. | assess expression of pulmonary toxoplasmosis, the second most frequent localization after brain, in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1996 | 8685107 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an opportunistic infectious risk associated with systemic diseases and their treatment]. | pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen, often causes pneumonia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in patients free of hiv infection, the risk is clearly associated with certain diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can complicate solid or hematologic malignancies, organ transplantation and connective tissue diseases. recent therapeutic strategies based on aggressive immunosuppression have increased the risk of opportunistic inf ... | 1996 | 8685177 |
| [systemic diseases and infections: current questions]. | infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases. infectious consequences are caused by systemic disorders by themselves and the immunosuppressive treatments. systemic lupus erythematosus and wegener's granulomatosis are associated with the higher risk of infection. primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has to be systematically given in patients with wegener's granulomatosis and in other patients with connective tissue diseases i ... | 1996 | 8685184 |
| [prognostic factors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids]. | identify prognosis factors in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at diagnosis and construct a model to predict mortality according to these prognosis factors. | 1996 | 8685193 |
| opportunistic bronchopulmonary infections after lung transplantation: clinical and radiographic findings. | to assess clinical and radiographic findings in opportunistic bronchopulmonary infections after lung transplantation. | 1996 | 8685324 |
| adverse events from drug therapy for human immunodeficiency virus disease. | drug therapies for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are associated with adverse events that can potentially limit their effectiveness. we sought to quantify the incidence of these events in clinical practice and determine whether there were demographic and clinical differences in adverse event rates for these drugs. | 1996 | 8686712 |
| an h(+)-atpase regulates cytoplasmic ph in pneumocystis carinii trophozoites. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungus which causes interstitial pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). cytoplasmic ph (phi) regulation in short-term-cultured p. carinii trophozoites was studied using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein. with an extracellular ph of 7.4, the mean baseline phi of p. carinii trophozoites was 7.40 +/- 0.10 (n = 8). this steady-state phi was not significantly affected in the absence of extra ... | 1996 | 8687417 |
| enhanced efficacy of a liposomal pentamidine preparation in pneumocystis carinii in an ex vivo/in vitro culture model without feederlayer cells. | the effects of pentamidine isethionate, phosphatidylcholine-liposomes (ppc-lip) and combinations of both on the survival of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites in a culture system without feederlayer cells were quantified. pentamidine or ppc-lip alone reduced significantly the number of cells, with a clear dose dependence. combinations of both drugs showed overadditive effects on cell counts reduction. additional em-investigations showed a rapid destruction of cell structures especially with the p ... | 1996 | 8688862 |
| soluble versus cell-bound cd4, cd8 from bronchoalveolar lavage: correlation with pulmonary diagnoses in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | identification and assessment of cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens may he used to follow the course of a disease state or response to specific therapy. beyond cellular assessment, there are indications that the presence and quantity of soluble surface antigens released from activated cells may lead to improved understanding and facilitated diagnosis of a number of disease states. this study evaluated soluble markers (scd4 and scd8) in bal and serum from hiv-infected indi ... | 1996 | 8691065 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates as potent and selective nonclassical inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases. | fifteen novel nonclassical and two classical 2,4-diamino-6-(benzylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates were synthesized as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, (pc) toxoplasma gondii, (tg) rat liver (rl), and human (h) recombinant dihydrofolate reductases (dhfr). these analogues lack a 5-methyl substitution which has been shown to be important for increased hdhfr inhibitory activity. in addition, they contain a reversal of the c9-n10 bridge present in folates and most antifolates. ... | 1996 | 8691474 |
| [paraproteins and lymphoma in hiv positive patients]. | compared to healthy subjects there is a higher incidence of monoclonal immunoglobulins (= paraproteins = pp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). high-grade b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhl) are the second most common neoplasms in these patients. our aim was to determine whether paraproteins would be of diagnostic significance regarding an underlying or developing nhl. | 1996 | 8692105 |
| t- and b-lymphocyte-independent formation of alveolar macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells in murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | multinucleated giant cells developed in pneumocystis carinii-diseased gene disruption mutant mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules, t-cell receptor alpha beta cells, or all mature t and b lymphocytes. these findings demonstrate lymphocyte-independent fusion of alveolar macrophages under morbid conditions. pulmonary parasite burden seems to be a decisive factor in multinucleation. | 1996 | 8698516 |
| assessment of in vivo attachment/phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages (ams) are recognized as an important first line of cellular host defense within the lung. although mechanisms underlying am response to microorganisms or particulates are well characterized in vitro, experimental approaches to the study of ams in vivo are limited. to circumvent these limitations, a new assay was developed using fluorescently labelled liposomes or pneumocystis carinii (pc) organisms which were administered intratracheally into mechanically ventilated rats. af ... | 1996 | 8699028 |
| effect of sex and dexamethasone dose on the experimental host for pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8699805 | |
| preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: implications for the developing world. | more than 18 million persons in the world are estimated to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). as immunodeficiency progresses, these persons become susceptible to a wide variety of opportunistic infections (ois) the spectrum of ois varies among regions of the world. tuberculosis is the most common serious oi in sub-saharan africa and is also more common in latin america and in asia than in the united states. bact ... | 1996 | 8702012 |
| trends in age at the first medical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus infection among infants born to infected mothers. new york city pediatric spectrum of hiv disease clinical consortium. | to evaluate the trends in age at the first medical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among infants enrolled in the pediatric spectrum of disease study born to mothers infected with hiv. | 1996 | 8704882 |
| case report: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a solitary cavitating lung lesion in non-hiv immunosuppressed patients. | pneumocystis carinii is one of the most common pulmonary opportunistic infections in immunodeficient patients. it has a classical chest radiographic appearance of bilateral interstitial infiltrates. recently, cystic or cavitating lesions have been reported in hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we report two cases of non-aids immunosuppressed patients with the unusual presentation of a solitary cavity in the lung. | 1996 | 8705187 |
| perforation of the small intestine in a patient with disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | perforation of the small intestine due to a segmental transmural pneumocystis carinii infiltrate of the whole circumference was found in a surgical resection specimen as the cause of an acute abdomen in a 48-year-old heterosexual male patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. on autopsy, a disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection was found involving spleen, thyroid gland and lymph nodes. the origin of this disseminated infection was a recurrent and severe pneumocystis carinii ... | 1996 | 8705791 |
| risks and benefits of aerosolized pentamidine and cotrimoxazole in primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients: a two-year italian multicentric randomized controlled trial. the italian pcp study group. | we randomized 220 hiv-1-infected subjects to receive aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg/4 weeks) or orally trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (320-1600 mg/day) for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and evaluated pcp and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) occurrence and survival. patients developing toxicity switched to the other regimen. analysis was on intention-to-treat. at 1 year of study, we observed in the pentamidine group a non-significant excess of pcp (4 vs. 1) and te (7 v ... | 1996 | 8708369 |
| detecting infection and inflammation with technetium-99m-labeled stealth liposomes. | the performance of 99mtc stealth liposomes was investigated in various rat models. | 1996 | 8708782 |
| hiv-associated respiratory diseases. | the lungs of individuals infected with hiv are often affected by opportunistic infections and tumours; over two-thirds of patients have at least one respiratory episode during the course of their disease. despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, infection with the fungus pneumocystis carinii remains a common cause of respiratory disease. bacterial infections, which occur more frequently in hiv-infected persons than in the general population, and tuberculosis are increasing causes of mo ... | 1996 | 8709692 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection. | pulmonary disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected persons. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has decreased substantially during the last eight years, but in the united states it remains the most common disorder that announces the onset of aids. in contrast, tuberculosis is by far the most important aids-associated indicator disease in developing countries. community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia is a common hiv-linked complication throughout the world; pneumonia oc ... | 1996 | 8712766 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnosis using immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies]. | 1996 | 8714195 | |
| validating literature-based models with direct clinical trial results: the cost-effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis for pcp in aids patients. | to compare literature-based estimates of the cost-effectiveness ratios of strategies for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients with estimates obtained using data from a recent comparative clinical trial. | 1996 | 8717596 |
| recent advances in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8718463 | |
| serum igg antibody response to pneumocystis carinii among immunosuppressed, malnourished and healthy rats. | pneumocystis carinii is an important opportunistic pulmonary pathogen that causing pneumonia in premature infants, children with immunodeficiency diseases and patients of all ages receiving immunosuppressive agents. in this work, humoral immune responses to this organism were studied, using ifat during the period of infection and recovery of immunosuppressed and malnourished rats compared to healthy group. where sever pneumonitis similar to that seen in humans can be induced in this experimental ... | 1996 | 8721229 |
| zidovudine, trimethoprim, and dapsone pharmacokinetic interactions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | zidovudine is widely prescribed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. trimethoprim and dapsone are commonly used in the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. to examine the pharmacokinetic interactions among these drugs, eight hiv-infected patients (26 to 43 years old) with a mean cd4 count of 524.4 +/- 405.7 cells per mm3 received zidovudine (200 mg), trimethoprim (200 mg), and dapsone (100 mg) as single agents and in two- and three- ... | 1996 | 8723472 |
| in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of anti-pneumocystis carinii drugs. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug effects on mitogen-, antigen-, and interleukin-2-induced proliferative responses and on natural killer (nk) cell-mediated activity were analyzed in vivo (rats) and in vitro (normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). splenocytes derived from in vivo piritrexim- and clindamycin-treated rats showed a significant inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferative responses. in vitro exposure to clindamycin, piritrexim, and pyrimethamine caused an inhibition of hum ... | 1996 | 8723488 |
| trophozoite elimination in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by clinically achievable plasma deferoxamine concentrations. | in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 3-week infusion of deferoxamine producing concentrations in plasma of > or = 1.5 micrograms m-1 eliminated the trophozoite life cycle stage. since this concentration is well below that routinely achieved in patients treated for iron overload, deferoxamine has promise as a therapy for aids-associated p.carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8723489 |
| rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in infants and children. | although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the preferred chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, there are frequent ige-mediated reactions among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). oral desensitization allows more patients to receive chemoprophylaxis, but it has been studied in only a limited number of children. | 1996 | 8724071 |
| 6,7-disubstituted 2,4-diaminopteridines: novel inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | four novel, disubstituted diaminopteridines have been identified which antagonize the uptake of a folate precursor (para-aminobenzoic acid) by rat-derived pneumocystis carinii maintained in short-term axenic culture at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 26 microm. the compounds were at least 10 to 100 times more active than trimethoprim in this assay. none of these entities exhibited toxicity to mammalian cell lines at < 100 microm. the same structures also caused significant inhibition of toxop ... | 1996 | 8726003 |
| antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone. | epiroprim (epm; ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. epm displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (tmp). epm was also active against tmp-resistant strains, although the mics were still relatively high. its combination with dapsone (dds) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the tmp combination with sulfamethoxazole ( ... | 1996 | 8726004 |
| nosocomial colonization and infection in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | nosocomial infections appear to be increased in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), compared to individuals with asymptomatic infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). risk factors for bacterial colonization and infection include immunosuppression, prior treatment with some antibiotics, increased hospitalizations with longer lengths of stay, greater exposure to invasive devices such as indwelling intravenous or urinary catheters, and the degree of immunosuppressio ... | 1996 | 8727620 |
| cavitary pulmonary lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the differential diagnosis of cavitary pulmonary lesions in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is broad, especially in patients with advanced disease. in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cavitation is an uncommon manifestation of a common disease. it is unusual in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis but occurs frequently in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, cav ... | 1996 | 8729207 |
| factors associated with the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8729234 | |
| surfactant protein-a levels increase during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. | in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and in lungs of glucocorticoid-immunosuppressed rats infected with p. carinii, surfactant phospholipid levels are reduced. however, levels of the surfactant-associated protein-a (sp-a) in bal are 4-5 times higher than normal in patients with p. carinii pneumonia. in this study, we examined the effects of glucocorticoid immunosuppression and p. carinii infection on sp-a mess ... | 1996 | 8730021 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is known to occur in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), this infection has rarely been described in childhood sle. we describe 3 children with sle who developed pcp and describe risk factors for this complication. | 1996 | 8730139 |
| pleural leak localization with tc-99m pentetate aerosol in an aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8732844 | |
| pneumocystis carinii in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia. | a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia is reported. pneumocystis carinii was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a young homosexual man who was asymptomatic without any evidence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency but with a low cd4+ cell count. a clinical and histological diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was made. during follow up the patient had oral candidiasis and a cd4+ cell count persistently below 300/microliters. this case is highly sug ... | 1996 | 8733504 |
| [fungal infections in 100 patients subjected to heart transplantation]. | to evaluate prevalence, causes, clinical aspects, topography and deaths due to fungal infections diagnosed in a series of patients submitted to heart transplantation. | 1996 | 8734861 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in blood by pcr is not of value for diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | a nested pcr which amplified a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii was used to detect p. carinii dna in blood from patients with p. carinii pneumonia. p. carinii dna was not detected in serum and was detected at low levels of blood cells. | 1996 | 8735128 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii sequences in serum by polymerase chain reaction. | the clinical significance of the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna was evaluated, as well as the detection of circulating p. carinii antigen from serum using previously collected samples. fourteen serum samples from 13 patients were diagnosed positively for p. carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). ten of 14 episodes (71.4%) of pulmonary complications were compatible with p. carinii pneumonia. two patients were definitely diagnosed as having had p. carinii pneumonia at autopsy. all ... | 1996 | 8736207 |
| hydrolytic enzyme of the alveolar macrophage in diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease. | hydrolytic enzymes [acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-d-n-acetyl glucosaminidase (beta-d-naga), lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)] are the major constituents of alveolar macrophages (am). these enzymes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. cell-associated activity of several enzymes in alveolar macrophages obtained from control subjects (n = 5) and patients suffering five representative types of interstitial pulmonary diseases [sarcoidosis ... | 1996 | 8736208 |
| enteric pathogens associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with hiv infection. | infants and young children with hiv infection commonly suffer from gastrointestinal manifestations of their disease. many hiv infected children have evidence of persistent diarrhoea, malabsorption, malnutrition or growth failure. the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal dysfunction in hiv infected children have not been well defined. we performed immunocytochemical analyses on intestinal tissue from 19 hiv-infected children with gastrointestinal dysfunction or growth failure. none of t ... | 1996 | 8737389 |
| prevention of infection in children with acute leukaemia. no major difference between total and selective bowel decontamination. | to evaluate the effect of total bowel decontamination (td) and selective bowel decontamination (sd) in a non-protective environment clinical and laboratory data of children treated for acute leukaemia between 1983 and 1991 were analysed retrospectively. from 1983 until 1989 34 patients [18 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (anll) patients, 16 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) patients] received td and 31 patients (8 anll patients, 23 all patients) received sd from 1987 until 1991. td consisted ... | 1996 | 8739653 |
| [efficiency of combination chemotherapy and interferon-alpha therapy in a patient with aids-related cutaneous and gastrointestinal kaposi's sarcoma]. | a 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). two months before admission the patient had a high fever, general fatigue and mild epigastic tenderness. on admission, physical examination revealed numerous small tumors on the head, gingiva, neck, nasal ala, anterior forehead, anterior thoracic, bilateral sole and bilateral lower limbs. at that time, the cd4 cell count was 130/microliters. upper gi endoscopy ... | 1996 | 8741713 |
| [analysis of 1,187 consecutive cases of aids: variations and trends in time]. | the characteristics of aids patients in spain have already been described, as have the factors which may or may not be present at the time of aids diagnosis influence in the prognosis. the introduction of zidovudine and later other antiretroviral drugs have improved the prognosis versus historical controls. nonetheless, advances in prevention, control and the treatment of opportunistic infections have provided the greatest influence in the development of clinical manifestations of aids: the aim ... | 1996 | 8744367 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the transplant recipient]. | the aim of the present was to study the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 20 cases of pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) diagnosed over the last 10 years in renal, renopancreatic, liver and bone marrow transplant recipients. | 1996 | 8744368 |
| [pneumonia diagnosed with bronchoscopy in hiv-positive patients]. | the object of our research is to analyse the microbiological results of the samples which have been obtained by means of fibronchoscopy (fb) from hiv positive patients from 1991 until 1993. | 1996 | 8744373 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans in aids. | a patient with aids was found to have skin lesions which contained the organisms pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans. both organisms were identified using haematoxylin and eosin, gomori methenamine silver, giemsa and mucicarmine stains. electron microscopy was performed and confirmed their presence. the clinical presentation, histopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous p. carinii and c. neoformans in aids is presented. | 1996 | 8745906 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | 1996 | 8602081 | |
| the effect of prophylaxis on the outcome of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8620753 | |
| occurrence of pulmonary complications during methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. | treatment with methotrexate (mtx) in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) can lead to severe side-effects, especially pulmonary and haematological complications. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate, during a 6 yr period, the prevalence and severity of bronchopulmonary side-effects in ra patients treated with mtx. a cohort of 130 ra in-patients (106 women, 24 men) treated with mtx was studied for the occurrence of respiratory adverse events. adverse bronchopulmonary side-effects were observe ... | 1996 | 8646434 |
| fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: an effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. | although most patients with indolent lymphomas respond to initial therapy, virtually all experience relapse. secondary therapy is often beneficial, but responses are rarely, if ever, durable. we conducted this phase ii trail to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (fnd) in patients with relapsed indolent lymphoma. | 1996 | 8648382 |
| [why are aids patients frequently visually impaired?]. | patients with hiv infection and, above all, patients with full-blown aids can get a variety of ocular diseases as well as some cerebral maladies which have an influence on ocular functions. first there are hematogenous opportunistic infections of the retina or the choroid. the cytomegalovirus [cmv] retinitis was found in nearly 20% of all aids patients. without treatment this disease destroys the retina completely, and the involved eye becomes blind. this can be prevented by modern therapeutic s ... | 1996 | 8650623 |
| [extra-pulmonary pneumocystosis in the course of aids. report of a case]. | we report a case of splenic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive individual treated prophylactically with aerosolized pentamidine. despite this infection with pneumocystis carinii, the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed no microorganisms. the use of aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii is not protective against extrapulmonary pneumocystosis because of inadequate systemic distribution of the drug. | 1996 | 8652000 |
| aids defining conditions in africans resident in the united kingdom. | a retrospective study of 55 hiv-1 seropositive african patients living in the uk, seen between january 1986 and november 1993, showed a total of 26 (47%) patients with aids. thirty-one (56%) had symptomatic hiv disease at the time of presentation of whom 19 (34.5%) had an aids defining condition. tuberculosis was the most common aids defining illness, accounting for 27% of all initial aids diagnoses, followed by by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and oesophageal candidiasis in 19% each and chroni ... | 1996 | 8652711 |
| genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna operon among isolates of pneumocystis carinii from aids patients with recurrent pneumonia. | the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis is a frequent cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. analysis of genetic variation among isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with single and multiple episodes of p. carinii pneumonia was undertaken at the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna operon. in samples from 24 episodes of pneumonia, 10 different types of p. carinii sp. f. ... | 1996 | 8655984 |
| iron overload as a mechanism for the lowered survival in aids patients receiving dapsone-iron protoxalate for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8656006 | |
| treatment related deaths during induction and in first remission in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: mrc ukall x. | the benefits of achieving a long term event free survival of 60-70% by using increasingly intense treatment regimens must be weighed against the increased risk of treatment toxicity. from 1985 to 1990, 1612 children with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) in the uk were treated on mrc ukall x with intensive induction therapy, central nervous system directed therapy (cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate), and continuing treatment for two years. there was a randomisation to ... | 1996 | 8660070 |
| occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression. | to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis (cmv-r) in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. | 1996 | 8660165 |