Publications

[cavitated pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in an hiv-positive female patient].		1991	1822164
[pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in a patient with aids].		1991	1822165
use of a siderophore detection medium, ethylene glycol degradation, and beta-galactosidase activity in the early presumptive differentiation of nocardia, rhodococcus, streptomyces, and rapidly growing mycobacterium species.	a simplified scheme for the presumptive early identification of nocardia, rhodococcus, rapidly growing mycobacterium, and streptomyces species is presented. the nocardia and streptomyces spp. and the mycobacterium spp. were positive. the spp. were positive for siderophore activity, but only 25% of the rhodococcus spp. were positive. the rhodococcus and mycobacterium spp. were negative for beta-galactosidase, while the nocardia and streptomyces spp. were positive. the nocardia and streptomyces sp ...	1991	1832172
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression in escherichia coli of two cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase genes from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1.	rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 produces two kinds of cobalt-containing nitrile hydratases (nhases); one is a high molecular mass-nhase (h-nhase) and the other is a low molecular mass-nhase (l-nhase). both nhases are composed of two subunits of different sizes (alpha and beta subunits). the h- and l-nhase genes were cloned into escherichia coli by a dna-probing method using the nhase gene of rhodococcus sp. n-774, a ferric ion-containing nhase producing strain, as the hybridization probe and their nu ...	1991	1840499
activator proteins for glycosphingolipid hydrolysis by endoglycoceramidases. elucidation of biological functions of cell-surface glycosphingolipids in situ by endoglycoceramidases made possible using these activator proteins.	endoglycoceramidase (egcase) cleaves the linkage between oligosaccharides and ceramides of various glycosphingolipids (ito, m., and yamagata, t. (1986) j. biol. chem. 261, 14278-14282). recently, by extensive purification, it was separated from cell-lytic factor (hemolysin) and found to consist of three molecular species each with its own specificity (egcases i, ii, and iii) (ito, m., and yamagata, t. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 9510-9519). a detergent was required for egcases to express full act ...	1991	1850427
crystallization of a photosensitive nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. n-771.	a photosensitive nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. n-771 has been crystallized in two different crystal forms in its inactive form. one crystal form belongs to an orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 117.4 a, b = 145.7 a and c = 52.1 a, and the other form belongs to a hexagonal space group p6(3)22 with unit cell dimensions of a = 110.2 a and c = 412.1 a.	1991	1856857
lung abscess caused by rhodococcus equi.	in the immunocompromised patient, early diagnosis of a lung cavity is essential for appropriate treatment. rhodococcus equi (formerly corynebacterium equi) is a variably acid-fast bacterium that can produce cavitary disease in an immunocompromised host. the two cases presented here demonstrate the clinical and radiographic features of r equi lung abscess. the first patient was on long-term corticosteroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. the second patient had aids. the correct diagnosis in both ...	1991	1856905
relapsing systemic infection due to rhodococcus equi in a drug abuser seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus.	a case of recurrent multisystemic infection due to rhodococcus equi in a patient with antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) but without aids is reported. this case, which occurred in a woman with a history of alcohol and drug abuse, is, to our knowledge, the first such case described. the infection involved the lungs, kidneys, brain, and bloodstream. despite several courses of therapy with antibiotics to which her isolates of r. equi were susceptible in vitro, the patient experience ...	1991	1866557
[rhodococcus erythropolis infection in hiv-associated immunodeficiency].	we report the first case in the literature of human infection with rhodococcus erythropolis in an hiv-positive patient. a 24-year-old bisexual flight attendant had severe hiv-associated immunodeficiency with a cd4 cell count of 0.02 g/l. he complained of multiple subcutaneous nodules at different sites on the extremities. biopsy of one node at his left knee revealed granulomatous inflammation filled with acid-fast rods. these bacteria were identified as rhodococcus erythropolis. the disseminated ...	1991	1866607
mycolic acid-containing glycolipid as a possible virulence factor of rhodococcus equi for mice.	by the use of various rhodococcus equi strains differing in the length of carbon chains of glycolipid, we examined whether the glycolipid, glucose monomycolate, was contributing to the virulence of r. equi for mice. r. equi strains with longer carbon chain mycolic acid showed a higher virulence as determined by lethality and granuloma formation in mice than those with shorter ones. when purified glycolipid was injected into mice, granuloma formation and liver damage were most prominent with the ...	1991	1870435
typing of rhodococcus equi isolated from submaxillary lymph nodes of pigs in japan.	isolation of rhodococcus equi from the submaxillary lymph nodes of pigs, with or without caseous lymphadenitis, and typing of the isolates by two serological methods were carried out. the rate of isolation of the organisms from the lymph nodes of pigs was 5 times higher in the lymph nodes with caseous lymphadenitis than in those without the lesion. of 219 isolates, 146 (66.7%) were typable by the method of prescott, while all the 219 isolates (100%) were typable by the method of nakazawa et al. ...	1991	1887702
accumulation of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate from simple carbohydrate substrates by rhodococcus sp. ncimb 40126.	a number of taxonomically-related bacteria have been identified which accumulate poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) copolymers containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv) monomer units from a range of unrelated single carbon sources. one of these, rhodococcus sp. ncimb 40126, was further investigated and shown to produce a copolymer containing 75 mol% 3hv and 25 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) from glucose as sole carbon source. polyesters containing both 3hv and 3hb monomer units, together with 4-hydro ...	1991	1888716
infections with rhodococcus equi in children.	three cases of serious infection in children, including the first two reports of bacteremia, due to rhodococcus equi are described. only seven pediatric cases have been reported to date. in the laboratory, r. equi can easily be misidentified as a nonpathogenic corynebacterium spp. (diphtheroid) or a mycobacterium spp. despite an overall mortality rate of 25% in adults, no pediatric deaths have occurred due to r. equi. the organism is generally susceptible to vancomycin, aminoglycosides, chloramp ...	1991	1889184
microbial lipids and stable foam formation in the activated sludge process.	the presence of fats and oils in sewage has been related to the formation of stable foams in activated sludge treatment systems. foam forming microbes can utilise and, in some cases, store lipid substrates. since surface lipids would confer the hydrophobicity necessary for flotation on the sludge biomass, the extractable lipids in foaming and non-foaming biomass samples were examined. both pure mono-cultures and sludge samples were used. the results showed that, whilst there were some difference ...	1991	1907713
rapid confirmation of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods by a colony blot assay using a digoxigenin-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide probe.	an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe based on the sequence of a 321-bp internal fragment of the msp gene encoding a major secreted polypeptide of listeria monocytogenes was labeled with digoxigenin by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. the specificity of the digoxigenin-labeled probe was determined by dot blot assays. the probe reacted with all strains of l. monocytogenes tested (12 of 12 strains representing five serotypes). the probe did not react with any other listeria species or with ...	1991	1908203
characterization of rrh4273i, a restriction-modification system of rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 4273 (nocardia corallina) which recognizes the same sequence as the streptomyces albus g sali restriction-modification system.	rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 4275 (nocardia corallina) has a restriction-modification system with the same recognition sequence, methylation site and cleavage site as the sali restriction-modification system. both the restriction endonuclease and the dna-methyltransferase (dna-mtase) have been partially purified and characterized. the nuclease has requirements of activity similar to sali, and a native mr of about 46,000. the dna-mtase is a protein with an mr of about 67,000. no dna homology was ...	1991	1919505
[ultrastructural features of rhodococcus rubropertinctus and streptococcus lactis dissociants].	three rhodococcus rubropertinctus dissociants (r, s and m) and two streptococcus lactis dissociants (r and s) were compared using the electron microscopy method of negative contrasting. the cell wall of r.rubropertinctus dissociants had a thickness of 40 nm (r), 30 nm (s) and 20 nm (m). the cell wall of s. lactis dissociants was 35-55 nm (r) and 25-30 nm (s) thick. 1.5-2-fold variations in the thickness of cell walls could account for the different resistance of the dissociants against the actio ...	1991	1921769
rhodococcus equi causing human pulmonary infection: review of 29 cases.	rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive pleomorphic bacillus that has been identified as a life-threatening pulmonary pathogen in the immunocompromised host. infection with r equi may go unrecognized by physicians unacquainted with its presentation and unaware of the organism's ability to mimic diphtheroids and to stain weakly positive with an acid-fast stain.	1991	1925723
polyphasic taxonomic study of the genera gordona and tsukamurella including the description of tsukamurella wratislaviensis sp. nov.	representatives of the genera gordona and tsukamurella together with related actinomycetes were the subject of chemotaxonomic, numerical taxonomic and dna homology studies. in the numerical analysis the organisms were examined for 116 unit characters and the data sorted using the simple matching, jaccard and pattern coefficients; clustering was achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages algorithm. the numerical groupings were not affected by the statistics used or b ...	1991	1930572
association between a large plasmid and 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens in virulent rhodococcus equi.	rhodococcus equi strains showing 15- to 17-kda antigens in immunoblots were found to be virulent in mice. to study the genes specific to these antigens in virulent r. equi, we compared plasmid profiles, immunoblot profiles, and murine pathogenicity profiles of 10 strains of r. equi. all the strains showing 15- to 17-kda antigens contained a large plasmid of approximately 85 kbp and were virulent in mice; however, the remaining strains lacked both the antigens and the large plasmid and were aviru ...	1991	1937765
purification, cloning, and primary structure of a new enantiomer-selective amidase from a rhodococcus strain: structural evidence for a conserved genetic coupling with nitrile hydratase.	a new enantiomer-selective amidase active on several 2-aryl propionamides was identified and purified from a newly isolated rhodococcus strain. the characterized amidase is an apparent homodimer, each molecule of which has an mr of 48,554; it has a specific activity of 16.5 mumol of s(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid formed per min per mg of enzyme from the racemic amide under our conditions. an oligonucleotide probe was deduced from limited peptide information and was used to clone the corresponding g ...	1991	1938876
the effect of experimental infection with rhodococcus equi on immunodeficient mice.	to investigate the pathogenesis of respiratory lesions caused by the facultative intracellular pathogen, rhodococcus equi, pulmonary clearance was compared in four groups of genetically defined mice, chosen for their specific deficits in immune and inflammatory responses. complement-deficient a/j, immunodeficient nu/nu (nude), scid/scid.bg/bg (scid/beige), c57bi/6j.bg/bg (beige) and normal swiss mice (sw) received approximately 10(7) r. equi intranasally on day 0. bacterial clearance was assesse ...	1991	1949550
[biosensors for the determination of phenol and benzoate on the basis of rhodococcus cells and enzyme extracts].	an amperometric biosensor for determination of phenol, cresol, benzoate and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol using rhodococcus-cells and enzyme extracts of rhodococcus has been developed. the influence of cultivation of rhodococcus-cells and preincubation of the biosensor with desired substrate on sensibility and specificity was been investigated. in relation to cultivation and preincubation the rhodococcus sensor was high specific to benzoate or phenol and cresol. a linear range was obtained for phenol ...	1991	1950199
rhodococcus luteus and rhodococcus erythropolis chronic endophthalmitis after lens implantation.		1991	1951602
[multifactorial experiment on the combined effect of rifampicin and microbial polysaccharide in experimental plague infection].	multifactorial analysis was applied to the study of the combined effect of rifampicin and a microbial polysaccharide in experimental plague infection. the effect of the antibiotic and immunomodulator was shown to be synergistic. on the basis of the study results polynomial statistic models of the second order were designed and nomograms or equal level lines were plotted which provided optimization of the combined chemo- and immunotherapy.	1991	1953167
degradation of 2-methylaniline and chlorinated isomers of 2-methylaniline by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm.	rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm co-metabolized 2-methylaniline and some of its chlorinated isomers in the presence of ethanol as additional carbon source. degradation of 2-methylaniline proceeded via 3-methylcatechol, which was metabolized mainly by meta-cleavage. in the case of 3-chloro-2-methylaniline, however, only a small proportion (about 10%) was subjected to meta-cleavage; the chlorinated meta-cleavage product was accumulated in the culture fluid as a dead-end metabolite. in contrast, ...	1991	1955877
degradation of 2-methylaniline in rhodococcus rhodochrous: cloning and expression of two clustered catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes from strain ctm.	rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ctm degrades 2-methylaniline mainly via the meta-cleavage pathway. conversion of the metabolite 3-methylcatechol was catalysed by an mr 156,000 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23oi) comprising four identical subunits of mr 39,000. the corresponding gene was detected by using an oligonucleotide as a gene probe. this oligonucleotide was synthesized on the basis of a partial amino acid sequence obtained from the purified enzyme from r. rhodochrous. the structural gene of c ...	1991	1955878
a cluster of rhodococcus (gordona) bronchialis sternal-wound infections after coronary-artery bypass surgery.		1991	1984175
surgical-wound infection.		1991	1984178
rhodococcus infection of the skin with lymphadenitis in a nonimmunocompromised girl.	a 7-year-old girl had a 4 x 3 x 3 cm nodule on the left wrist with axillary lymphadenopathy. acid-fast bacilli were seen on a smear from a biopsy specimen of this granulomatous skin lesion. a rhodococcus species grew on culture. skin infections caused by rhodococcus may be more common than the few prior case reports suggest.	1991	1999541
grouping of some clinically relevant gram-positive rods by automated fatty acid analysis. diagnostic implications.	one hundred and ninety-four strains of aerobically growing gram-positive rods of the genera corynebacterium, actinomyces, arcanobacterium, erysipelothrix, listeria, oerskovia, nocardia, rhodococcus, and of unnamed center for disease control (cdc) groups were checked for cellular fatty acid profiles with the microbial identification system (microbial id, newark, del., usa). in order to obtain unified data usable for the clinical laboratory, 24 or 48 h sheep blood agar cultures were used. it was t ...	1991	2001281
cloning and characterization of an amidase gene from rhodococcus species n-774 and its expression in escherichia coli.	for investigation of an unknown open reading frame which is present upstream of the nitrile hydratase (nhase) gene from rhodococcus sp. n-774, a longer dna fragment covering the entire gene was cloned in escherichia coli. nucleotide sequencing and detailed subcloning experiments predicted a single open reading frame consisting of 521 amino acid residues of mr 54,671. the amino acid sequence, especially its nh2-terminal portion, showed significant homology with those of indoleacetamide hydrolases ...	1991	2001397
rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen.	recent isolations of rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with aids have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. this organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, ...	1991	2004346
a case of rhodococcus equi brain abscess.	we treated a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for a brain abscess caused by rhodococcus equi, an actinomycete that usually infects the lung in immunosuppressed hosts. rhodococcus equi brain abscess is an extremely rare lesion that has never been reported in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the infection was cured by lengthy therapy with multiple antibiotics after aspiration of the lesion to identify the infective organism and determine its sensitivity to antibiot ...	1991	2008648
characterization of a new cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase purified from urea-induced cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1.	a new cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase was purified from extracts of urea-induced cells from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 in seven steps. at the last step, the enzyme was crystallized by adding ammonium sulfate. nitrile hydratase was a 500-530-kda protein composed of two different subunits (alpha subunit 26 kda, beta subunit 29 kda). the enzyme contained approximately 11-12 mol cobalt/mol enzyme. a concentrated solution of highly purified nitrile hydratase exhibited a broad absorption spectrum ...	1991	2013281
cloning and characterization of genes responsible for metabolism of nitrile compounds from pseudomonas chlororaphis b23.	the nitrile hydratase (nhase) of pseudomonas chlororaphis b23, which is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, catalyzes the hydration of nitrile compounds to the corresponding amides. the nhase gene of strain b23 was cloned into escherichia coli by the dna-probing method with the nhase gene of rhodococcus sp. strain n-774 as the hybridization probe. nucleotide sequencing revealed that an amidase showing significant similarity to the amidase of rhodococcus sp. strain n-774 was also coded by t ...	1991	2013568
pathologists urge using some horse sense to avoid doghouse when making diagnoses.		1991	2013916
rhodococcus equi infection in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.	rhodococcus equi is an uncommon pathogen in humans that has occasionally been reported to cause infection in individuals with impaired cellular immunity. we summarize 30 previously published reports of human infection with r. equi and describe one additional case in a patient with aids. eleven (35%) of the patients discussed in this report had aids or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, which is emerging as the leading cause of immunosuppression in cases of r. equi infection. seventy-s ...	1991	2017613
rhodococcus equi infection in the patient with aids: literature review and report of an unusual case.	rhodococcus equi is an aerobic, intracellular, gram-positive rod-coccus that is partially acid fast. the organism is primarily a pathogen in animals and has only rarely been seen in immunocompromised humans. its most common manifestation is a slowly progressive pneumonia that may cavitate. infections are thought to be acquired via respiratory exposure to animals or soil. r. equi infections are difficult to treat, usually requiring prolonged administration of parenteral antibiotics and often nece ...	1991	2017640
rhodococcus equi--an easily missed opportunistic pathogen.	over the last 10 years rhodococcus equi has been identified as an important, albeit very rare, opportunistic pathogen. as the number of patients immunocompromised from hiv infection grows, this microorganism will likely become of increasing clinical importance. infection with r. equi is usually insidious, causing progressive pulmonary disease that is typically pleural based at the time of microbiological diagnosis. as in the case we present, the clinical and microbiological diagnoses may be sign ...	1991	2028222
role of antibody to extracellular proteins of rhodococcus equi in protection against r. equi pneumonia in foals.	rhodococcus equi produces two exoenzymes (ree), a cholesterol oxidase in large amounts and a phospholipase c, which cause lysis of sheep red blood cells (srbc) sensitized with staphylococcus aureus beta toxin. two immunization studies were done in foals to determine the role of antibody to ree in protection against r. equi pneumonia. in the first study, three foals (mean age 10 days) were vaccinated four times at 2-week intervals with over 1 million units of partially purified exoenzymes (pree). ...	1991	2031302
identification of 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens associated with virulent rhodococcus equi.	antigens of rhodococcus equi were analyzed by immunoblotting with naturally infected foal sera. immunoblots of whole-cell antigen preparations of clinical isolates of r. equi revealed that major protein bands with molecular masses of 15 to 17 kda were present in all clinical isolates tested and all isolates virulent for mice. in contrast, the 15- to 17-kda antigens were not identified by immunoblotting in atcc 6939, a type strain of r. equi that was avirulent for mice. whole-cell antigens of 102 ...	1991	2037660
occurrence of two structural types of mercury reductases among gram-positive bacteria.	structural variants of mercury reductase containing the n-terminal domain, which is easily cleaved by trypsin, have been found in gram-positive bacteria with a low genomic g + c content (bacillus, staphylococcus and, possibly, some other genera). mercury reductases without the n-terminal domain and relatively resistant to limited proteolysis are typical for gram-positive bacteria with a high genomic g + c content (arthrobacter, citreobacterium, micrococcus, mycobacterium, rhodococcus). both type ...	1991	2040434
[rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].	a male patient of 33 years of age with aids developed pneumonia with abscess formation and a slow clinical course. the sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures yielded a gram-positive, partially acid-alcohol resistant bacillus which was identified as rhodococcus equi. this organism has been uncommonly implicated in pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiency, particularly with neoplasia and severe cell immunity deficiency. it has been very rarely reported in patients with aids. to our k ...	1991	2051807
cloning of nocardioform dna conferring the ability to inactivate rifampicin.	a novel mechanism of resistance to rifampicin has recently been reported in which this antibiotic is inactivated. here we describe the cloning of dna from a nocardiofrom strain conferring this ability to inactivate rifampicin. cloning was on the basis of complementation, as an increased resistance to the antibiotic. the genetic information was on a 8.3-kb bglii fragment.	1991	2060762
focal pulmonary lesions in patients with aids: percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy.	the authors performed percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (ptnb) in 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and previously undiagnosed focal pulmonary lesions. findings with ptnb were diagnostic in 11 of 13 cases. complications included minimal hemoptysis in one case and small pneumothoraxes in two cases, one of which required chest tube drainage. the authors did not experience the high complication rate reported previously by some authors who used this diagnostic procedu ...	1991	2068304
[in vitro activity of twenty antibiotics against rhodococcus equi].	the in vitro susceptibility of nine rhodococcus equi strains (seven isolates from immunocompromised patients mainly hiv positive and two reference strains) to twenty various antibiotics were assessed for bacteriostatic effects by an agar dilution method. imipenem and ceftriaxone were the most effective of the beta-lactams studied. the lowest mic were noted with vancomycin, teicoplanin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin and doxycycline. a longitudinal survey, including three st ...	1991	1652730
microbial metabolism of quinoline and related compounds. x. the molybdopterin cofactors of quinoline oxidoreductases from pseudomonas putida 86 and rhodococcus spec. b1 and of xanthine dehydrogenase from pseudomonas putida 86.	the bis(carboxamidomethyl) derivatives of the molybdenum cofactors in three eubacterial molybdo-iron/sulphur-flavoproteins were examined. the quinoline oxidoreductases from pseudomonas putida 86 and rhodococcus spec. b1 contain molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide. in xanthine dehydrogenase from pseudomonas putida 86, however, only molybdopterin was found. the bis(carboxamidomethyl) derivatives of all three enzymes were treated with nucleotide pyrophosphatase, but only those of the quinoline oxid ...	1991	1657036
illegitimate integration of non-replicative vectors in the genome of rhodococcus fascians upon electrotransformation as an insertional mutagenesis system.	electrotransformation of rhodococcus fascians by non-replicating plasmids containing a suitable resistance marker resulted in stable transformants by integration of these constructs at various sites in the genome, thereby generating different mutations. tagged genes could be isolated in escherichia coli owing to the presence of a coie1 replicon and an ampicillin resistance gene in the inserted sequences. southern analysis and nucleotide sequencing revealed that recombination can occur at defined ...	1991	1662759
cavitating pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in a patient with aids.		1991	1669798
imipenem/vancomycin for rhodococcus equi pulmonary infection in hiv-positive patient.		1991	1671281
imipenem/teicoplanin for rhodococcus equi pulmonary infection in aids patients.		1991	1672417
phylogeny of the whipple's-disease-associated bacterium.	efforts to culture and identify the intracellular bacteria associated with whipple's disease have been unsuccessful. nucleotide sequencing and amplification by the polymerase chain reaction was done on the bacterial 16 s ribosomal dna present in a small-bowel biopsy specimen taken from a patient with whipple's disease. a search by computer for similar rrna sequences filed in databases showed the whipple's-associated organism to be most similar to bacteria of the rhodococcus, streptomyces, and ar ...	1991	1714530
induction of interferons (ifns) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in mice by a novel glycolipid trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate from rhodococcus aurantiacus (gordona aurantiaca).	the immunomodifying activity of a novel mycoloyl glycolipid, trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate (gagm), from a unique psychrophilic acid-fast bacterium, rhodococcus aurantiacus, was examined. icr mice were primed intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with liposomes containing gagm (300 micrograms/mouse), and were administered lps dissolved in saline (25 micrograms/mouse, i.v.) 2 weeks later. two hours after injection of lps, interferons (ifns) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) were induced si ...	1990	1699114
structural analysis of the specific capsular polysaccharide of rhodococcus equi serotype 2.	the specific capsular polysaccharide produced by rhodococcus equi serotype 2 is a high-molecular-weight acidic polymer composed of d-glucose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid and 3-o-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-l-rhamnose in equimolar proportions. structural analysis, employing a combination of chemical and n.m.r. techniques, established that the polysaccharide is composed of linear repeating tetrasaccharide units. (formula; see text) in which the beta-d-mannose residues carry o-acetyl groups at o-2 and o- ...	1990	2073639
characterization of nocardia, rhodococcus and gordona species by in vitro susceptibility testing.	representative strains of gordona, nocardia and rhodococcus were tested against 26 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. a distinct susceptibility profile was noted for most species. nocardia asteroides, n. brasiliensis, n. otitidiscaviarum, n. transvalensis and n. vaccinii were rarely susceptible to the antibiotics tested; n. brevicatena and n. farcinica varied in their susceptibility depending on the strain tested. only the antibiotic amikacin was active against all nocardiae. ...	1990	2085370
classification and identification of rhodococci.	ninety-nine representative strains of rhodococcus were compared through 129 unit characters and the data examined using the simple matching, jaccard and pattern coefficients. clustering was achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages algorithm. the numerical classification was not affected by the statistics used or by test error, estimated at 1.95%. sixteen multimembered and 23 single member clusters were defined by the simple matching coefficient at or above the 89% ...	1990	2090146
radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibody to rhodococcus equi in horse sera.		1990	2117094
[lung pseudotumor caused by corynebacterium equi in an aids patient].		1990	2141135
septicemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiomegaly, left atrial mass, and rhodococcus equi septic osteoarthritis in a foal.	a foal with vegetative bacterial endocarditis affecting the wall of the left atrium was treated successfully with cefotaxime, erythromycin, and rifampin. bacterial isolates included escherichia coli from blood and rhodococcus equi from a p-type osteomyelitic lesion of the left third metatarsal bone and from synovial fluid from the left metatarsophalangeal joint. cardiac complications included cardiomegaly and atrial fibrillation, which responded to treatment with digoxin and quinidine sulfate. c ...	1990	2147021
[isolation of listeria ivanovii in slovakia].	from october 1977 to may 15, 1989 in slovakia 39 strongly haemolytic strains of l. ivanovii were isolated from a woman after delivery of a stillborn foetus--from the lochiae, placenta and rectal smear, from five symptom-free subjects from the faeces, from the rectal smears of two sheep, from the intestinal contents in the portion of the terminal ileus from 28 free living small terrestrial mammals, one strain from meat--beef steak, from the lungs, liver and kidneys of a dead young sheep and one s ...	1990	2150609
use of partially purified 54-kilodalton antigen for diagnosis of nocardiosis by western blot (immunoblot) assay.	a western blot (immunoblot) assay is presented for the diagnosis of nocardiosis with a specific immunodominant 54-kilodalton (kda) antigen purified from a culture filtrate of nocardia asteroides by immunoaffinity chromatography. the chromatography column was prepared with immunoglobulin g obtained from sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy. unbound solutes consisted of specific, partially purified n. asteroides antigens, primarily a 54-kda band, accompanied by two others of 31 and 62 kda. ...	1990	2179262
surgical management of rhodococcus equi metaphysitis in a foal.	a chronic rhodococcus equi metaphysitis involving the distal growth plate of the left third metatarsal bone had induced a longstanding lameness in a young foal. abnormal hematologic values included mild anemia, hyperfibrinogemia, mild leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. radiography of the distal portion of mt3 revealed a radiolucent zone on the medial aspect of the growth plate, and small pieces of bone suggestive of sequestra. treatment with erythromycin estolate and rifampin, aggressive surgical d ...	1990	2211310
[the mitogenic properties of fusarium graminearum and rhodococcus erythropolis enzymes].	blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy people is studied by enzymes of the microbic origin possessing the lectin activity. galactose oxidase of fusarium graminearum imv-f-1060 is shown to be mitogenically active with respect to the lymphocytes in the culture in vitro and may be one of home sources of lymphocytic mitogens for the laboratory investigations.	1990	2215288
nocardioform arsenic resistance plasmids and construction of rhodococcus cloning vectors.	one of a number of large nocardioform plasmids previously obtained by a primarily genetic approach was reduced in size to about approximately 11 kb. this smaller plasmid possessed determinants for resistance to sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite, as well as immunity to nocardiophage q4. it was joined to an escherichia coli-positive selection vector constructed by m. zabeau and colleagues, which had the ecor1 endonuclease gene placed under the control of the pr promoter of lambda as well as a bl ...	1990	2217574
[chemotaxonomy of gram-positive bacteria metabolizing beta-caryophyllene].	chemotaxonomic identification of coryneform bacteria metabolizing b-caryophyllene was attempted. the following phospholipids were identified as main components of the bacterial extracts: cardiolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and mannosides of phosphatidylinositol. saponification of the lipid extracts gave a mixture of hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated fatty acids. among the latter, oleic and tuberculostearic acids were identified. the hydroxylated fatty acids were analysed ...	1990	2218063
structural analysis of the specific capsular polysaccharide of rhodococcus equi serotype 1.	the specific capsular polysaccharide produced by rhodococcus equi serotype 1 was found to be a high molecular weight acidic polymer composed of d-glucose, d-mannose, and d-glucuronic acid. structural analysis of the polysaccharide employed a combination of chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, from which it was determined that the polysaccharide possessed a linear repeating tetrasaccharide unit containing a single o-acetyl substituent and and acetal-linked pyruvic acid moiety: [for ...	1990	2223004
mass spectrometric analysis of o-peracetylated derivatives of 1-monomycoloylglycerol isolated from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, rhodococcus rhodochrous and r. lentifragmentus.	1-monomycoloylglycerols from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, rhodococcus rhodochrous and r. lentifragmentus were reacted with acetic acid ahydride in the presence of pyridine. on infrared spectra the reaction products showed a sharp characteristic absorption of the acetyl ester group at 1235 cm-1; the hydroxyl group absorption (3400 cm-1) was absent. o-peracetylated monomycoloylglycerols were analyzed by mass spectrometry under electron impact mode. the most common and representative peaks w ...	1990	2225237
structure of a rhodococcus gene encoding pigment production in escherichia coli.	a 2.1 kbp dna fragment from rhodococcus strain atcc 21145 gave rise to the production of blue and pink pigments in escherichia coli when cloned downstream of a strong promoter. the sequence of this dna fragment contains a single open reading frame with a putative ribosome-binding site, potentially coding for a single protein of mr 42,560. deletion analysis and in vitro transcription-translation experiments support the hypothesis that pigment production in e. coli is due to a single enzyme whose ...	1990	2230720
the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mycobacterium bovis.	a double antibody sandwich layer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect mycobacterium bovis. the elisa detected m. bovis is pure culture at concentrations of 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) ml-1 and greater, compared to a minimum detection level of 1 x 10(6) cfu ml-1 for isolation techniques. neither technique detected m. bovis at 1 x 10(4) cfu ml-1. the elisa did not cross-react with common mycobacterial contaminants such as mycobacterium avium intracellulare-scrofula ...	1990	2238461
production and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the neotype strain of mycobacterium bovis.	six monoclonal antibodies (mab) to virulent mycobacterium bovis atcc 19210 were produced, using a suspension of heat-inactivated whole cells. immunoglobulin isotype for mab vmb6, vmb73, and vmb93 was igg1, and for vmb31, vmb99, and vmb119, it was igg2a. monoclonal antibodies were examined for cross-reactivity to m tuberculosis, m kansasii, m fortuitum, m paratuberculosis, m avium serovars 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10, m chelonei, m phlei, m scrofulaceum, m smegmatis, nocardia asteroides, and rhodococcus e ...	1990	2240784
selection of trichloroethene (tce) degrading bacteria that resist inactivation by tce.	two isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) utilizing bacteria, alcaligenes denitrificans ssp. xylosoxidans je 75 and rhodococcus erythropolis je 77, were identified as highly efficient cooxidizers of tce, cis- and trans-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethene and vinyl-chloride. isoprene grown cells eliminate chloride from tce in stoichiometric amounts and tolerate high concentrations of tce.	1990	2244792
pulmonary malakoplakia in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. differential diagnostic considerations.	malakoplakia is an unusual inflammatory condition characterized histopathologically by accumulations of benign macrophages, or von hansemann's cells, that are associated with diagnostic intracellular and extracellular calcospherites, termed michaelis-gutmann bodies. currently believed to represent an acquired defect of macrophage digestion, malakoplakia most commonly occurs in the urinary tract and is associated with a variety of infectious agents, notably gram-negative bacilli. we describe a pa ...	1990	2252424
purification, cloning, and primary structure of an enantiomer-selective amidase from brevibacterium sp. strain r312: structural evidence for genetic coupling with nitrile hydratase.	an enantiomer-selective amidase active on several 2-aryl and 2-aryloxy propionamides was identified and purified from brevibacterium sp. strain r312. oligonucleotide probes were designed from limited peptide sequence information and were used to clone the corresponding gene, named amda. highly significant homologies were found at the amino acid level between the deduced sequence of the enantiomer-selective amidase and the sequences of known amidases such as indoleacetamide hydrolases from pseudo ...	1990	2254253
nitrilase-catalyzed production of pyrazinoic acid, an antimycobacterial agent, from cyanopyrazine by resting cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1.	using resting cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, in which a large amount of nitrilase is induced, a simple and efficient bioconversion process for the production of pyrazinoic acid, an antimycobacterial agent, through catalysis by a nitrilase was developed. the reaction conditions for production of pyrazinoic acid were optimized. under optimum conditions, 3.5 m cyanopyrazine was converted to pyrazinoic acid, with a molar conversion yield of 100%. the highest yield achieved corresponded to 434 ...	1990	2258329
detection of covalent enzyme-substrate complexes of nitrilase by ion-spray mass spectroscopy.	nitrilase from rhodococcus atcc 39484 was found to consist of two species of mr 40,258 +/- 2 and 40,388 +/- 2 da. when the enzyme was incubated with nitrile substrates and the reaction quenched with acid, higher mr species were observed. the mass differences were consistent with addition of a substrate molecule to each species. these results represent the first reported demonstration that this, or any other nitrilase forms a covalent intermediate with its substrates. the observation that the int ...	1990	2269339
revision of the validity of camp tests for listeria identification. proposal of an alternative method for the determination of haemolytic activity by listeria strains.	the validity of camp tests with staphylococcus aureus and rhodococcus (corynebacterium) equi as defined for listeria identification was revised. this characterization method appeared to be unreliable for two reasons: first, a positive camp test with r. equi is not specific for listeria ivanovii as listeria monocytogenes (and listeria seeligeri) give also a clear positive reaction; second, doubtful reactions could be observed with s. aureus when assaying haemolytic and non-haemolytic listeria str ...	1990	2270739
steroid-1-dehydrogenases in nocardioform bacteria studied by electrophoresis and immuno blotting techniques.	fifteen noncardioform bacteria strains, capable of transforming steroid compounds were investigated with regard to their range of inducible steroid-1-dehydrogenase (st1dh)1 activities. the st1dhs of these bacteria were compared due to their immuno reactivity in western blot experiments with a rabbit antiserum raised against the purified st1dh of rhodococcus rhodochrous 7030. four strains exhibited a strong immuno reactivity, irrespective of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the enzy ...	1990	2280346
enhancement of natural resistance of mice to rhodococcus equi infection by dextran sulfate 500.	the effect of intraperitoneal injection of dextran sulfate 500 (ds-500, 500,000 mr) on the intravenous clearance and host resistance to rhodococcus equi in mice was studied. contrary to the results seen with listeria monocytogenes, ds-500 enhanced murine resistance to r. equi and altered organ distribution and clearance.	1990	2280727
high-performance liquid chromatography of sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and acidic monosaccharides.	many sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and five acidic monosaccharides have been separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using a dionex as6 ion-exchange column eluted with aqueous 50 mm naoh plus 50-175 mm sodium acetate. using a pulsed amperometric detector, as little as 50 pmol oligosaccharide can be detected. many factors, such as the presence of fucosyl groups or sialyl groups, glycosidic linkage positions, and branching structure, can have a tremendous influence on ...	1990	2291464
[rhodococcus equi infection in a goat].	enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium perfringens was diagnosed in a goat affected with severe enteritis which was found to be present at autopsy. lesions bearing a resemblance to tuberculosis, caused by a rhodococcus equi infection, were observed in the liver and lungs. this bacterium is constantly isolated from pulmonary abscesses in foals affected with pyemia. similar cases of infection in goats were previously reported in the literature.	1990	2305381
in vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, actinobacillus suis, actinomyces pyogenes, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, rhodococcus equi, streptococcus equi, streptococcus suis and streptococcus zooepidemicus. ciprofloxacin and enrof ...	1990	2306672
human pulmonary infection with corynebacterium equi.	a 28 year old man with no underlying disease developed a cavity and multiple nodules in the lung from which corynebacterium equi was isolated. he experimented with organic solvents and microorganisms including corynebacterium species for several years. computed tomography of his pulmonary lesions revealed that these nodules were related to the bronchial tree. histologically, the lesions were compatible with nonspecific inflammatory changes. the clinician must suspect the pulmonary infections wit ...	1990	2311747
rhodococcus equi and hiv infection.		1990	2322208
parallel antitumor, granuloma-forming and tumor-necrosis-factor-priming activities of mycoloyl glycolipids from nocardia rubra that differ in carbohydrate moiety: structure-activity relationships.	multiple intravenous injections (30 micrograms, ten times) in icr mice of trehalose dimycolate and glucose monomycolate from nocardia rubra, containing c36-48 mycolic acids, showed a prominent antitumor effect on a subcutaneously implanted sarcoma-180, an allogeneic sarcoma of mice with a significant granuloma formation in lungs, spleen and liver. on the other hand, mycoloyl glycolipids other than glucose monomycolate and trehalose dimycolate, such as mannose or fructose mycolate, showed no sign ...	1990	2322938
pulmonary malacoplakia and rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with aids.	we describe a case of pulmonary malacoplakia and rhodococcus equi cavitary pneumonia in a patient with aids. the relationship between rhodococcus equi, a rare bacterial human pathogen, and malacoplakia, an unusual type of chronic granulomatous inflammation, is discussed.	1990	2323228
granuloma-forming activity and antitumor activity of newly isolated mycoloyl glycolipid from rhodococcus terrae 70012 (rt. gm-2).	a newly isolated mycoloyl glycolipid (rt. gm-2) from rhodococcus terrae 70012 was identified and the granulomagenic and antitumor activities were studied as compared with trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) also from r. terrae (rt. tdm). the alkaline hydrolysis products of rt. gm-2 contained trehalose, methyl-alpha-mycolate and a less-polar ester than the usual methyl-alpha-mycolate, possibly beta-keto mycolate (1:1:1, by mol. ratios). on the other hand, analysis of alditol acetate obtained ...	1990	2325578
purification of inactivated photoresponsive nitrile hydratase.	photoresponsive nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. n-771 was purified in its inactivated form. the enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 60 kda and consisted of 2 subunits each having molecular weight of 27.5 and 28 kda. the enzyme also contained 2 iron atoms/enzyme as a cofactor. the enzyme was more stable in its inactivated form, rather than the activated during storage in the dark. the enzyme was most stable in the temperature region of 0-35 degrees c, and lost its activity above ...	1990	2334415
influence of rhodococcus equi on the respiratory burst of resident alveolar macrophages from adult horses.	opsonized rhodococcus equi activated the respiratory burst of resident alveolar macrophages (am) from adult horses in a logarithmic-linear, mass-related manner. the effect of r equi was not significantly different from that of equal masses of opsonized zymosan a. therefore, r equi does not appear to attenuate the respiratory burst of equine am. the stimulatory effect of r equi was not reflected by increased production of superoxide anion (o2-), but increased activity of the hexose monophosphate ...	1990	2337275
pulmonary malacoplakia in a child.	pulmonary malacoplakia is a rare condition with only five previously reported cases in the literature, all occurring in adults. we describe a case of malacoplakia of the lung in a 6-year-old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission and a rhodococcus equi pneumonia and septicemia. the case demonstrates that pulmonary malacoplakia can occur in immunocompromised pediatric patients and that malacoplakia should, therefore, be added to the list of causes of nodular lung infiltrates in imm ...	1990	2349158
isolation and characterization of a haloalkane halidohydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis y2.	rhodococcus erythropolis strain y2, isolated from soil by enrichment culture using 1-chlorobutane, was able to utilize a range of halogenated aliphatic compounds as sole sources of carbon and energy. the ability to utilize 1-chlorobutane was conferred by a single halidohydrolase-type haloalkane dehalogenase. the presence of the single enzyme in cell-free extracts was demonstrated by activity strain polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a relative mo ...	1990	2351952
infected wounds and repeated septicemia in a case of factitious illness.	during 19 years an assistant nurse, now 35 years old, has been repeatedly treated for several malingered and self-induced disorders escalating to self-mutilation. an ulcer of her right leg never epithelialised in spite of various local treatments and surgical intervention. during repeated attacks of self-induced septicemia altogether 11 different bacterial species were isolated; on 8 occasions rhodococcus equi. the septicemias were successfully treated with antibiotics. the underlying psychiatri ...	1990	2356446
kinetic studies of phenol degradation by rhodococcus sp. p1. i. batch cultivation.	rhodococcus sp. p1 utilizes phenol as the sole carbon and energy source via the beta-ketoadipate pathway. in batch cultivation, concentrations up to 2.8 g.l-1 phenol were degraded. the highest values for the specific growth rate of 0.32 h-1 were obtained at concentrations near 0.25 g.l-1. at higher concentrations, substrate inhibition was observed, characterized by increases in lag phase and decreasing growth rates. a mathematical expression was proposed to fit the kinetic pattern of phenol inhi ...	1990	2372208
kinetic studies of phenol degradation by rhodococcus sp. p1. ii. continuous cultivation.	the degradation of phenol by rhodococcus sp. p1 was studied in continuous culture systems. the organism could be adapted by slowly increasing concentration, step by step, up to 30.0 g.l-1 phenol in the influent. the degradation rate reached values of about 0.3 g.g dry mass-1.h-1. large step increases in phenol concentration and addition of further substrates (e.g., catechol) were tolerated up to a certain concentration. with increasing dilution rate and increasing inlet phenol concentration the ...	1990	2372209
purification and characterization of a novel nitrilase of rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 that acts on aliphatic nitriles.	a novel nitrilase that preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia was found in the cells of a facultative crotononitrile-utilizing actinomycete isolated from soil. the strain was taxonomically studied and identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous. the nitrilase was purified, with 9.08% overall recovery, through five steps from a cell extract of the stain. after the last step, the purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous, as judge ...	1990	2394676
functional similarity of listeria ivanovii and staphylococcus aureus in camp test.	on the basis of synergistic haemolysis of listeria ivanovii and rhodococcus equi, we suspected camp positiveness of r. equi and complete camp negativeness of l. ivanovii and confirmed that the latter, showing a double-zone haemolysis like staphylococcus aureus, could produce the same phenomenon in the camp test if used instead of staphylococci. this functional similarity of l. ivanovii and camp staphylococcus could be used as an additional diagnostic test for l. ivanovii.	1990	2400534
microbial metabolism of monoterpenes--recent developments.	monoterpenes are important renewable resources for the perfume and flavour industry but the pathways and enzymology of their degradation by microorganisms are not well documented. until recently the acyclic monoterpene alcohols, (+)-camphor and the isomers of limonene were the only compounds for which significant sections of catabolic pathways and associated enzymology had been reported. in this paper recent developments in our understanding of the enzymology of ring cleavage by microorganisms c ...	1990	1368150
microbial glycolipid production under nitrogen limitation and resting cell conditions.	rhodococcus erythropolis is able to synthesize an anionic trehalose-2,2',3,4-tetraester during cultivation on n-alkanes. preconditions for an overproduction are nitrogen limitation, temperature- and ph-shift. the optimum carbon source was technical grade n-c-10, which led to 0.35 g g-1 of glycolipid per n-alkane. electron microscopical observations showed that n-c-14,15 (technical grade) grown cells contained numerous lipid inclusions in contrast to n-c-10 (technical grade) grown cells. nocardia ...	1990	1366361
aryl acylamidase from rhodococcus erythropolis ncib 12273.	a rhodococcus erythropolis strain was isolated from soil on the basis of its ability to use acetaminophen as the sole source of both carbon and energy for growth. when grown in a complex medium containing an anilide inducer compound, the bacterium exhibited aryl acylamidase (ec 3.5.1.13) activity. this activity was not subject to carbon or nitrogen repression by the growth medium constituents as the enzyme was present throughout the exponential growth phase. the anilide was converted to the corr ...	1990	1366973
improved method for the isolation of biosurfactant glycolipids from rhodococcus sp. strain h13a.	an improved method for the isolation of the biosurfactant glycolipids from rhodococcus sp. strain h13a by using xm 50 diafiltration and isopropanol precipitation was devised. this procedure was advantageous since it removes protein coisolated when the glycolipids are obtained by organic extraction and silicic acid chromatography. the protein apparently does not contribute any biosurfactant characteristics to the glycolipids. the deacylated glycolipid backbone included only a disaccharide.	1990	16348198