Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| horizontal transfer of drug-resistant aminoacyl-transfer-rna synthetases of anthrax and gram-positive pathogens. | the screening of new antibiotics against several bacterial strains often reveals unexpected occurrences of natural drug resistance. two examples of this involve specific inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus isoleucyl-transfer-rna synthetase 1 (ilers1) and, more recently, streptococcus pneumoniae methionyl-trna synthetase 1 (metrs1). in both cases, resistance is due to the presence of a second gene that encodes another synthetase (ilers2 or metrs2). here, we show that both s. pneumoniae metrs2 and ... | 2003 | 12792655 |
| multivalency and the mode of action of bacterial sialidases. | although complex modular proteins are encountered frequently in a variety of biological systems, their occurrence in biocatalysis has not been widely appreciated. here, we describe that bacterial sialidases, which have both a catalytic and carbohydrate-binding domain, can hydrolyze polyvalent substrates with much greater catalytic efficiency than their monovalent counterparts. the enhancement of catalytic efficiency was due to a much smaller michaelis constant and rationalized by a model in whic ... | 2003 | 12797770 |
| clostridium perfringens septicemia with thrombophlebitis of the portal vein. | we report a case of patient with clostridium perfringens septicemia and thrombophlebitis of the portal vein (pylephlebitis), probably secondary to an initially unrecognized gastric ulcer. the extension of the thrombosis from the superior mesenteric vein to the main portal vein on a repeat ct scan and subsequent partial resolution of the thrombus with antibiotic therapy alone, suggested that clostridium perfringens bacteremia may have enhanced the formation of thrombus. the coexistence of clostri ... | 2003 | 12799155 |
| antimicrobial properties of commercial annatto extracts against selected pathogenic, lactic acid, and spoilage microorganisms. | annatto preparations are used to impart distinctive flavor and color to foods and are a primary colorant in dairy foods such as cheese and butter. there are several reports indicating that certain fractions of the annatto plant have biological activities against microorganisms of significance in food fermentation, food preservation, and human health. however, little is reported describing the nature of the antimicrobial compound(s) or their potential presence in commercial annatto colorant prepa ... | 2003 | 12801012 |
| the host cell chaperone hsp90 is essential for translocation of the binary clostridium botulinum c2 toxin into the cytosol. | clostridium botulinum c2 toxin is the prototype of the binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins and consists of the binding component c2ii and the enzyme component c2i. the activated binding component c2iia forms heptamers, which bind to carbohydrates on the cell surface and interact with the enzyme component c2i. this toxin complex is taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis. in acidic endosomes, heptameric c2iia forms pores and mediates the translocation of c2i into the cytosol. we report that th ... | 2003 | 12805360 |
| growth-inhibiting effects of seco-tanapartholides identified in artemisia princeps var. orientalis whole plant on human intestinal bacteria. | the present work aimed at isolating antibacterial constituents from the whole plant of artemisia princeps var. orientalis active towards nine human intestinal bacteria. | 2003 | 12807448 |
| molecular typing of isolates of clostridium perfringens from healthy and diseased poultry. | the bacterium clostridium perfringens can cause both clinical and subclinical disease in poultry. to study the pathogenesis and epidemiology of disease caused by c. perfringens, methods for typing its various strains need to be evaluated. c. perfringens isolates from healthy and diseased poultry from different parts of sweden were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to establish the presence of alpha-, beta-, beta2-, epsilon -, iota- and enterotoxin genes. in order to subtype c. ... | 2003 | 12814890 |
| competitive exclusion by bacillus subtilis spores of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and clostridium perfringens in young chickens. | cost effective control of avian diseases and food borne pathogens remains a high priority for all sectors of the poultry industry with cleansing and disinfection, vaccination and competitive exclusion approaches being used widely. previous studies showed that bacillus subtilis py79(hr) was an effective competitive exclusion agent for use in poultry to control avian pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o78:k80. here we report experiments that were undertaken to test the efficacy of b. subtilis py ... | 2003 | 12814892 |
| analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the genetic diversity among clostridium perfringens isolates from chickens. | the aim of this study was to analyse the genetic diversity among clostridium perfringens isolates from danish broiler chickens since both sick and presumably healthy animals were investigated. isolates (n=279) collected from chickens from 25 farms were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with the restriction enzyme smai. a high genetic diversity was found. isolates with different pfge types were toxin typed by pcr and all were found to be of type a. the results showed that health ... | 2003 | 12814893 |
| immunohistochemical localization of clostridium perfringens beta2-toxin in the gastrointestinal tract of horses. | clostridia-associated intestinal disease in horses was generally reported to be due to infection with clostridium perfringens type a, which harbors the cpa-encoded alpha-toxin. a recent study demonstrated a high incidence of beta2-toxigenic c. perfringens in horses suffering or dying from typhlocolitis, suggesting that this novel type of c. perfringens might play an important role in typhlocolitis and possibly other equine intestinal diseases. a retrospective study was conducted to assess the pr ... | 2003 | 12824509 |
| [foodborne outbreak by clostridium perfringens in a school dining room]. | the purpose was to investigate the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of a food-borne infection outbreak in a school dining room. | 2003 | 12828885 |
| investigation of potential surrogate organisms and public health risk in uv irradiated secondary effluent. | watercare's mangere wastewater treatment plant in auckland, new zealand treats sewage from a population equivalent of approximately 1,000,000. the treatment plant is currently undergoing a major upgrade, and as a part of this upgrade the largest uv disinfection plant in the world (at the time of award of the contract) is being constructed. pilot scale investigations were undertaken at a purpose built facility. the pilot plant employed secondary treatment, and filtration, uv disinfection and a nu ... | 2003 | 12830938 |
| removal of enteric viruses and selected microbial indicators by uv irradiation of secondary effluent. | the watercare mangere wastewater treatment facility, which treats wastewater from the greater auckland new zealand region, is undergoing a major expansion/upgrading to add advanced treatment and disinfection prior to discharge into a harbor. one important goal of this project is to protect the receiving water from microbial contamination. since sufficient information on the fate of various microorganisms through wastewater treatment plants in new zealand was not readily available, extensive pilo ... | 2003 | 12830960 |
| clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-induced hemolysis of horse erythrocytes is dependent on ca2+ uptake. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is able to lyse various erythrocytes. exposure of horse erythrocytes to alpha-toxin simultaneously induced hot-cold hemolysis and stimulated production of diacylglycerol and phosphorylcholine. when a23187-treated erythrocytes were treated with the toxin, these events were dependent on the concentration of extracellular ca2+ . incubation with the toxin of bapta-am-treated horse erythrocytes caused no hemolysis or production of phosphorylcholine, but that of the ... | 2003 | 12832089 |
| comparison of media for enumeration of clostridium perfringens from foods. | many media have been developed to enumerate clostridium perfringens from foods. in this study, six media [iron sulfite (is) agar, tryptose sulfite cycloserine (tsc) agar, shahidi ferguson perfringens (sfp) agar, sulfite cycloserine azide (sca), differential clostridial agar (dca), and oleandomycin polymyxin sulfadiazine perfringens (opsp) agar] were compared in a prestudy, of which four (is, tsc, sca, and dca) were selected for an international collaborative trial. recovery of 15 pure strains wa ... | 2003 | 12842482 |
| biological activities and pore formation of clostridium perfringens beta toxin in hl 60 cells. | clostridium perfringens beta toxin is an important agent of necrotic enteritis. of the 10 cell lines tested, only the hl 60 cell line was susceptible to beta toxin. the toxin induced swelling and lysis of the cell. treatment of the cells with the toxin resulted in k+ efflux from the cells and ca2+, na+, and cl- influxes. these events reached a maximum just before the cells were lysed by the toxin. incubation of the cells with the toxin showed the formation of toxin complexes of about 191 and 228 ... | 2003 | 12851396 |
| biology and pathogenesis of thrombosis and procoagulant activity in invasive infections caused by group a streptococci and clostridium perfringens. | group a streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis/myonecrosis and clostridium perfringens gas gangrene are two of the most fulminant gram-positive infections in humans. tissue destruction associated with these infections progresses rapidly to involve an entire extremity. multiple-organ failure is common, and morbidity and mortality remain high. systemic activation of coagulation and dysregulation of the anticoagulation pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of many diverse disease entities of infecti ... | 2003 | 12857777 |
| antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium afan. (asteraceae). | the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium afan. (asteraceae) were investigated. gc-ms analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 36 compounds constituting 90.8% of the total oil. eucalyptol, camphor, alpha-terpineol, beta-pinene, and borneol were the principal components comprising 60.7% of the oil. the oil strongly reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (ic(50)=1.56 micro g ... | 2003 | 12860311 |
| impact of cooking, cooling, and subsequent refrigeration on the growth or survival of clostridium perfringens in cooked meat and poultry products. | in january 1999, the food safety and inspection service (fsis) finalized performance standards for the cooking and chilling of meat and poultry products in federally inspected establishments. more restrictive chilling (stabilization) requirements were adopted despite the lack of strong evidence of a public health risk posed by industry practices employing the original may 1988 guidelines (u.s. department of agriculture fsis directive 7110.3). baseline data led the fsis to estimate a "worst case" ... | 2003 | 12870757 |
| death pathways activated in caco-2 cells by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), a 35-kda polypeptide, induces cytotoxic effects in the enterocyte-like caco-2 cell culture model. to identify the mammalian cell death pathway(s) mediating cpe-induced cell death, caco-2 cultures were treated with either 1 or 10 micro g of cpe per ml. both cpe doses were found to induce morphological damage and dna cleavage in caco-2 cells. the oncosis inhibitor glycine, but not a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, was able to transiently block both of t ... | 2003 | 12874301 |
| genotyping and phenotyping of beta2-toxigenic clostridium perfringens fecal isolates associated with gastrointestinal diseases in piglets. | although clostridium perfringens is recognized as an important cause of clostridial enteric diseases, only limited knowledge exists concerning the association of particular c. perfringens toxinotypes (type a to e) with gastrointestinal (gi) diseases in domestic animals. some c. perfringens isolates also produce the newly discovered beta2-toxin (cpb2). recent epidemiological studies suggested that c. perfringens isolates carrying the gene encoding cpb2 (cpb2) are strongly associated with clostrid ... | 2003 | 12904359 |
| gas gangrene pyaemia with myocardial abscess formation--fatal outcome from a rare infection nowadays. | we report a case of sudden death after gas gangrene. a 67-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure (on haemodialysis three times a week) presented in the surgical emergency department with a severe swelling and crepitation in the right groin. no signs of trauma were present-except for a well-healed, 1-year-old scar after femoro-popliteal bypass surgery. two days earlier, he had presented to the internal medicine department with epigastric pain and had left against m ... | 2003 | 12909385 |
| detection of clostridium difficile cytotoxin and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in cases of diarrhoea in the community. | faecal specimens from 843 cases of diarrhoea in the community were tested for the presence of clostridium difficile cytotoxin and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. c. difficile cytotoxin was detected in faecal specimens from 0.6 % of cases aged at least 2 years by using a vero cell assay. factors associated with detection of c. difficile cytotoxin were antibiotic therapy, age over 60 years and living in a home with other elderly people. three methods were used for the detection of c. perfring ... | 2003 | 12909650 |
| stress proteins of clostridium perfringens type a immunoreact with antiserum from rabbits infected with gas gangrene. | various stressors were used to induce stress proteins in clostridium perfringens. cultures of c. perfringens fd-1041 were subjected to cold shock (28 degrees c for 1 h), acid shock (ph 4.5 for 30 min), or heat shock (50 degrees c for 30 min). cells were lysed and protein samples were analyzed by immunoblotting with antiserum derived from rabbits suffering from gas gangrene. eight cold shock proteins (approximate mr 101, 82, 70, 37, 22, 12, 10 and 6 kda) and also eight heat shock proteins (approx ... | 2003 | 12910385 |
| duplication is more common among laterally transferred genes than among indigenous genes. | recent developments in the understanding of paralogous evolution have prompted a focus not only on obviously advantageous genes, but also on genes that can be considered to have a weak or sporadic impact on the survival of the organism. here we examine the duplicative behavior of a category of genes that can be considered to be mostly transient in the genome, namely laterally transferred genes. using both a compositional method and a gene-tree approach, we identify a number of proposed laterally ... | 2003 | 12914657 |
| an ultrastructural comparison of spores from various strains of clostridium perfringens and correlations with heat resistance parameters. | it has been shown that clostridium perfringens isolates associated with food poisoning carry a chromosomal cpe gene, whereas nonfood-borne human gastrointestinal disease isolates carry a plasmid cpe gene. in addition, the chromosomal cpe gene isolates exhibit greater heat resistance as compared with the plasmid cpe strains. therefore, the current study conducted ultrastructural measurements of spores from several plasmid and chromosomal cpe-positive c. perfringens isolates. in support of the deh ... | 2003 | 12915035 |
| antimicrobial activity of smap-29 against the bacteroides fragilis group and clostridia. | the cathelicidin-derived peptide smap-29 exerts rapid and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against aerobic bacteria and fungi. in this study, the effects of the peptide against the bacteroides fragilis group, including antibiotic-resistant isolates, clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile reference and clinical isolates, were investigated. | 2003 | 12917245 |
| pulmonary clostridium perfringens infection detected by fdg positron emission tomography. | 2003 | 12917543 | |
| nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations, and protein catabolites as affected by fructan supplementation of dog diets. | fructans are fermentable carbohydrates and include short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scfos), inulin, and hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose, of). two studies with dogs were designed to examine the effects of low concentrations of fructans on nutrient digestibilities, fecal microbial populations, and endproducts of protein fermentation, and fecal characteristics. in exp. 1, 11 adult male beagles were fed corn-based, kibbled diets supplemented with or without of to provide 1.9 +/- 0.6 g/d. dietary ... | 2003 | 12926783 |
| use of organic acids for the control of clostridium perfringens in cooked vacuum-packaged restructured roast beef during an alternative cooling procedure. | this study was conducted to determine how well clostridium perfringens spores germinate and grow in restructured roast beef treated with different commercial organic salts during an alternative chilling procedure. the meat was prepared according to an industrial recipe (10% water, 1.5% sodium chloride, and 0.5% sodium triphosphate). the base meat was treated with sodium citrate at 2 or 4.8% (wt/wt), buffered to a ph of 5.6, 5.0, or 4.4 (six treatments); a 60% (wt/wt) solution of sodium lactate a ... | 2003 | 12929827 |
| accumulation of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin in the mouse kidney and its possible biological significance. | in this paper we show that clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin accumulates predominantly in the mouse kidney, where it is distributed mainly in glomeruli, capillaries, and collecting ducts. although some pycnotic and exfoliated epithelial cells were observed in distal tubuli and collecting ducts, there were no findings indicative of severe renal injury. bilateral nephrectomy increased the mouse lethality of the toxin, suggesting that the kidney contributes to the host defense against the letha ... | 2003 | 12933886 |
| an outbreak of food-borne gastroenteritis caused by clostridium perfringens carrying the cpe gene on a plasmid. | 2003 | 12944687 | |
| mechanism of metronidazole-resistance by isolates of nitroreductase-producing enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus from the human intestinal tract. | enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum strains resistant to metronidazole, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone were isolated from fecal samples of a patient with recurrent ulcerative colitis treated with metronidazole. unlike other metronidazole-resistant bacteria, these strains produced nitroreductase but metabolized metronidazole to compounds that could not be detected by liquid chromatography with uv or mass spectral analysis. metronidazole-susceptible clostridium perfringens gre ... | 2003 | 12951241 |
| construction of a fusion protein carrying antigenic determinants of enteric clostridial toxins. | clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens type a are infectious agents of enteric diseases. the main virulence factors of these microorganisms include toxins a and b of c. difficile (toxa and toxb) and enterotoxin of c. perfringens (cpe). in this study genetic constructions have been created for the expression of toxa, toxb and cpe fragments either as individual components or as a hybrid multidomain (toxa-toxb-cpe) protein. rabbit monospecific sera raised against individual peptides reac ... | 2003 | 12951260 |
| [a rare case of gaseous gangrenous mediastinitis]. | we report a case of a cervical phlegmone and mediastinitis descending from peridental abscess in 32-year old student. emergency left thoracotomy was performed after ct evaluation in which multiple fluid levels and gas spaces were found. after 72 hours bacterial strains showed clostridium perfringens in fluid taken from left pleural cavity and patient was sent to hiberbaric center in gdynia, where he underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. after 10 days the patient was brought back in good condition ... | 2003 | 12959029 |
| fatal clostridium perfringens infection of a liver cyst. | we report a case of clostridium perfringens infection of a pre-existing hepatic cyst leading to a fatal outcome. | 2003 | 12963388 |
| surviving the acid test: responses of gram-positive bacteria to low ph. | gram-positive bacteria possess a myriad of acid resistance systems that can help them to overcome the challenge posed by different acidic environments. in this review the most common mechanisms are described: i.e., the use of proton pumps, the protection or repair of macromolecules, cell membrane changes, production of alkali, induction of pathways by transcriptional regulators, alteration of metabolism, and the role of cell density and cell signaling. we also discuss the responses of listeria m ... | 2003 | 12966143 |
| [clostridial genomes]. | 2003 | 12718046 | |
| emphysematous pyometra in a dog. | an 8-year-old intact female west highland white terrier was examined for anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension, and mild purulent vulvar discharge. the results of physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiography are presented. emphysematous pyometra was suspected and confirmed at surgery. clostridium perfringens was isolated from the uterine lumen. a brief discussion of emphysematous pyometra is presented. | 2003 | 12718355 |
| bacteria of pathogenic importance in faeces from cadavers of free-ranging or corralled semi-domesticated reindeer in northern norway. | there is little information on bacteria that have the potential to cause disease in reindeer husbandry. in this project, faecal samples from 35 free-ranging or corralled reindeer, adults and calves, that died in the winter of 2000 in northern norway, were examined for the occurrence of campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, listeria spp., salmonella spp. and yersinia spp. to evaluate the role of these microrganisms in loss and mortality in reindeer husbandry. in addition, 31 of these sampl ... | 2003 | 12718503 |
| bacterial contamination of computer keyboards in a teaching hospital. | we tested 100 keyboards in 29 clinical areas for bacterial contamination. ninety five were positive for microorganisms. streptococcus, clostridium perfringens, enterococcus (including one vancomycin-resistant enterococcus), staphylococcus aureus, fungi, and gram-negative organisms were isolated. computer equipment must be kept clean so it does not become another vehicle for transmission of pathogens to patients. | 2003 | 12725363 |
| identification and characteristics of nisin z-producing lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from kimchi. | we isolated bacteriocin-producing lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from kimchi. the bacteriocin inhibited strains of clostridium perfringens, c. difficile, listeria monocytogenes, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, and one out of four methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains, as well as some closely related lactic acid bacteria. in tricine-sds-page, the bacteriocin migrated with an apparent molecular weight of about 4 kda to the same location as nisin a and crude nisin z. the gene enc ... | 2003 | 12732968 |
| influence of lack of co2 on anaerobic bacteria: a quick method to verify the absence of co2. | since co(2) is carbonic acid gas, it will decrease the ph if added to water. therefore, a simple test can determine whether co(2) is present in a gas mixture. if the ph of gassed water does not change significantly, then co(2) is not present in the gas. | 2003 | 12734279 |
| regulation of short-chain fatty acid production. | short-chain fatty acid (scfa) formation by intestinal bacteria is regulated by many different host, environmental, dietary and microbiological factors. in broad terms, however, substrate availability, bacterial species composition of the microbiota and intestinal transit time largely determine the amounts and types of scfa that are produced in healthy individuals. the majority of scfa in the gut are derived from bacterial breakdown of complex carbohydrates, especially in the proximal bowel, but ... | 2003 | 12740060 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs. | clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens are anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli that are common causes of enteritis and enterotoxemias in both domestic animals and humans. both organisms have been associated with acute and chronic large and small bowel diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome in the dog. the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine c. difficile and c. perfringens isolates in an effort to optimize antimicrobia ... | 2003 | 12742714 |
| a new method for the experimental production of necrotic enteritis and its use for studies on the relationships between necrotic enteritis, coccidiosis and anticoccidial vaccination of chickens. | a new method for the experimental production of necrotic enteritis in chickens is described. the main features are the use of a diet high in wheat and fish meal content; oral administration of a non-lethal inoculum of the coccidium eimeria maxima followed 6 days later by the bacterium clostridium perfringens type a per cloaca, so that the bacterial inoculum is deposited at the time and place when and where the intestinal coccidial lesions are maximal; grading of coccidial and clostridial lesions ... | 2003 | 12743800 |
| hepatitis associated with clostridium difficile in an ostrich chick. | a live 19-day-old male ostrich chick was euthanized and necropsied. it was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of anorexia, diarrhoea and weight loss. the birds had been treated with amikacin, piperacillin and enrofloxacin. necropsy of the ostrich revealed dehydration, mild ascites and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. the liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. caecal contents were watery. microscopic examination o ... | 2003 | 12745381 |
| the virr/virs regulatory cascade affects transcription of plasmid-encoded putative virulence genes in clostridium perfringens strain 13. | we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the putative virulence genes encoded on the plasmid pcp13 from clostridium perfringens strain 13. the transcription of the beta2-toxin (cpb2) and possible collagen adhesin (cna) genes were regulated in both a positive and negative manner, respectively, by the two-component virr/virs system. the secondary regulator of the virr/virs system, vr-rna, also affects the expression of both of these genes in the same fashion as the virr/virs system. this indi ... | 2003 | 12757957 |
| methodologies for the characterization of microbes in industrial environments: a review. | there is growing interest in research and development to develop novel tools to study, detect, and characterize microbes and their communities in industrial environments. however, knowledge about their validity in practical industrial use is still scarce. this review describes the advantages and limitations of traditional and molecular methods used for biofilm and/or planktonic cell studies, especially those performed with listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, and/or clostridium perfringens. ... | 2003 | 12764674 |
| the early effects of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in ligated intestinal loops of goats and sheep. | clostridium perfringens type d produces enterotoxaemia in goats, sheep and other animals. the disease is caused by c. perfringens epsilon toxin and, while enterotoxaemia in goats is usually characterized by enterocolitis, the disease in sheep is characterized by systemic lesions (such as lung and brain oedema) with minor and inconsistent changes observed in the intestine. a possible explanation for these differences is that epsilon toxin is more promptly absorbed by the ovine than by the caprine ... | 2003 | 12777097 |
| assembly and topography of the prepore complex in cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. | cholesterol-dependent cytolysins are a family of poreforming proteins that have been shown to be virulence factors for a large number of pathogenic bacteria. the mechanism of pore formation for these toxins involves a complex series of events that are known to include binding, oligomerization, and insertion of a transmembrane beta-barrel. several features of this mechanism remain poorly understood and controversial. whereas a prepore mechanism has been proposed for perfringolysin o, a very diffe ... | 2003 | 12777381 |
| multiple effects on clostridium perfringens binding, uptake and trafficking to lysosomes by inhibitors of macrophage phagocytosis receptors. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that is the most common cause of gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) in humans. c. perfringens produces a variety of extracellular toxins that are thought to be the major virulence factors of the organism. however, c. perfringens has recently been shown to have the ability to survive in a murine macrophage-like cell line, j774-33, even under aerobic conditions. in j774-33 cells, c. perfringens can escape the phagosome and gain ac ... | 2003 | 12777479 |
| prevalence of cpb2, encoding beta2 toxin, in clostridium perfringens field isolates: correlation of genotype with phenotype. | beta2 toxin, encoded by the cpb2 gene, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of porcine, equine and bovine enteritis by type a clostridium perfringens. by incorporating primers to cpb2 into a multiplex genotyping pcr, we screened 3270 field isolates of c. perfringens. of these, 37.2% were pcr positive for the cpb2 gene. the majority of isolates from cases of porcine enteritis were positive for cpb2 (>85%), and this was even more true for c. perfringens isolated from cases of porcine neonatal e ... | 2003 | 12781480 |
| molecular typing of clostridium perfringens from a food-borne disease outbreak in a nursing home: ribotyping versus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | in 1998, 21 inhabitants of a german nursing home fell ill with acute gastroenteritis after consumption of minced beef heart (p. graf and l. bader, epidemiol. bull. 41:327-329, 2000). two residents died during hospital treatment. seventeen clostridium perfringens strains were collected from two different dishes and from patients' stool samples and autopsy materials. a majority of these isolates was not typeable by restriction fragment length polymorphism-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). s ... | 2003 | 12574310 |
| evidence for cytoskeletal changes secondary to plasma membrane functional alterations in the in vitro cell response to clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | to investigate the mode of action of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin, mdck cells were treated with purified toxin and incubated at 37 degrees c for up to 24h. exposure to epsilon-toxin caused a time-dependent decrease in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. after 30min of treatment retraction of the cell body and the emission of filopodia were detectable in a number of cells. longer exposure resulted in cell rounding and cell blebbing which reached a maximum after 5h of toxin treatme ... | 2003 | 12581745 |
| clostridium infection in a knee extensor mechanism allograft: case report and review. | an unusual case of clostridium perfringens infection after an allograft reconstruction of an extensor mechanism in a multiply revised total knee arthroplasty is reported. the case occurred in an elderly patient with an underlying bleeding dyscrasia who had previously undergone two revision total knee arthroplasties. the patient was treated by open irrigation, debridement, removal of allograft and prosthesis, intravenous antibiotics, and implantation of an antibiotic impregnated cement spacer uti ... | 2003 | 12787998 |
| images in clinical medicine. emphysematous cholecystitis. | 2003 | 12788997 | |
| clinical and radiographic findings in six cattle with cervical diskospondylitis. | 2003 | 12790169 | |
| biotinylated theta-toxin derivative as a probe to examine intracellular cholesterol-rich domains in normal and niemann-pick type c1 cells. | bctheta is a proteolytically nicked and biotinylated derivative of a cholesterol binding protein perfringolysin o (theta-toxin), and has been used to detect cholesterol-rich domains at the plasma membrane (pm). here we show that by modifying the cell fixation condition, bctheta can also be used to detect cholesterol-rich domains intracellularly. when cells were processed for pm cholesterol staining, the difference in bctheta signals between the ct43 (ct) cell, a mutant chinese hamster ovary cell ... | 2003 | 12562855 |
| reversal of charge selectivity in cation or anion-selective epithelial lines by expression of different claudins. | tight junctions (tj) regulate paracellular ionic charge selectivity and conductance across epithelial tissues and cell lines. these properties vary among epithelia, and recent evidence implicates the claudins, a family of tj transmembrane proteins, as important determinants of both characteristics. to test the hypothesis that each claudin contributes a characteristic charge discrimination to the tj, we expressed claudins-2, -4, -11, and -15 in both cation-selective madin-darby canine kidney (mdc ... | 2003 | 13129853 |
| the clostridial mobilisable transposons. | mobilisable transposons are transposable genetic elements that also encode mobilisation functions but are not in themselves conjugative. they rely on coresident conjugative elements to facilitate their transfer to recipient cells. clostridial mobilisable transposons include tn4451 and tn4452 from clostridium perfringens, and tn4453a and tn4453b from clostridium difficile, all of which are closely related, and tn5398 from c. difficile. the tn4451 group of elements encodes resistance to chloramphe ... | 2002 | 12568329 |
| eubacterium bacteremia and colon cancer. | eubacterium bacteremia is rare. we report a senile patient who presented with 3 episodes of bacteremia, caused by clostridium perfringens, eubacterium limosum and escherichia coli, respectively, which led to the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the colon. a differential diagnosis of colon cancer should be considered in patients with eubacterium bacteremia. | 2002 | 12587635 |
| necrotic enteritis: effect of barley, wheat and corn diets on proliferation of clostridium perfringens type a. | necrotic enteritis, caused by clostridium perfringens type a, is more prevalent in broilers fed wheat or barley diets than in those fed a corn diet. we compared the effects of wheat, barley and corn diets on in vitro proliferation of c. perfringens type a. bacteria were inoculated into the supernatants delivered from either digested or non-digested barley, wheat and corn diets mixed with thioglycollate medium (1:3). colony forming units were counted following incubation for 6 h at 40 degrees c. ... | 2002 | 12593744 |
| intraperitoneal fluid accumulation induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (phospholipase c). | we report that the intraperitoneal injection of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin into mice induces ascites. this phenomenon was monitored by measuring fluid volume and analyzing hematologic data. the mouse toxicity test provides a simple and useful model for examining c. perfringens alpha-toxin-induced vascular permeability. | 2002 | 12708827 |
| effects of gamma ray and electron-beam irradiations on survival of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. | an extension of the approval for food irradiation is desired due to the increase in the incidence of food poisoning in the world. one anaerobic (clostridium perfringens) and four facultatively anaerobic (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enteritidis) bacteria irradiated with gamma ray or electron beam (e-beam) were tested in terms of survival on agar under packaging atmosphere. using pouch pack, effects of two irradiations on survival of anaerobic ... | 2002 | 12638185 |
| cloning and sequencing of beta toxin gene of clostridium perfringens type c. | a gene encoding beta toxin was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from c. perfringens type c isolate and cloned in puc 19 vector. the nucleotide sequence was identical with c. perfringens type b beta toxin gene sequence. the southern hybridization using labelled beta toxin gene probe revealed the presence of positive signals only in beta producing c. perfingens. | 2002 | 12561980 |
| recurrent crepitant cellulitis caused by clostridium perfringens. | a previously healthy 13-year-old boy developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the lower limb after a penetrating injury to the knee. clostridium perfringens was isolated from the wound. despite surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics, the emphysema recurred, and prolonged antibiotic treatment was required. this case highlights the distinction between gas gangrene and the lesser known entity of clostridial crepitant cellulitis. | 2002 | 12506954 |
| effects of dietary fat source and subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at various ages. | the effect of dietary fat source (soy oil or a mixture of lard and tallow) and dietary supplementation with antibiotics (a combination of avilamycin at 10 mg kg of feed(-1) and salinomycin at 40 mg kg of feed(-1)) on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at different ages (7, 14, 21, and 35 days) was studied using pcr with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis and bacteriological culture. the bacterial origin of fragments in dgge profiles was identified by se ... | 2002 | 12450811 |
| quantitative determination of bile salt hydrolase activity in bacteria isolated from the small intestine of chickens. | a quantitative assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of bile salts and bacterial protein determination was established for investigating bile salt hydrolase (bsh) activity in bacteria isolated from the small intestine of chickens. bacteria were isolated using various media and were subsequently grouped according to cell morphology, fermentation profile, and 16s ribosomal dna sequence. representative isolates from each bacterial group were assayed for bsh activity. the is ... | 2002 | 12450872 |
| fructooligosaccharides and lactobacillus acidophilus modify gut microbial populations, total tract nutrient digestibilities and fecal protein catabolite concentrations in healthy adult dogs. | the objective of this research was to determine whether fructooligosaccharides (fos) and (or) lactobacillus acidophilus (lac) affected concentrations of gut microbial populations, fermentative end products and nutrient digestibilities in healthy adult dogs. two experiments were performed using 40 adult dogs (20 dogs/experiment). dogs in each experiment were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments. twice daily, treatments were given orally via gelatin capsules: 1) 2 g sucrose + 80 mg cellulose; ... | 2002 | 12468613 |
| the c-terminal domain of perfringolysin o is an essential cholesterol-binding unit targeting to cholesterol-rich microdomains. | there is much evidence to indicate that cholesterol forms lateral membrane microdomains (rafts), and to suggest their important role in cellular signaling. however, no probe has been produced to analyze cholesterol behavior, especially cholesterol movement in rafts, in real time. to obtain a potent tool for analyzing cholesterol dynamics in rafts, we prepared and characterized several truncated fragments of theta-toxin (perfringolysin o), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin, whose chemically modifie ... | 2002 | 12473115 |
| encapsulated bifidobacterium bifidum potentiates intestinal iga production. | we asked whether bifidobacterium bifidum regulates the synthesis of iga by mucosal lymphoid cells. b. bifidum alone, but not clostridium perfringens, significantly induced total iga and igm synthesis by both mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and peyer's patch (pp) cells. we, further, investigated the mucosal antibody production following peroral administration of b. bifidum to mice. ingested b. bifidum significantly increased the number of ig (igm, igg, and iga) secreting cells in the culture of both ... | 2002 | 12473264 |
| the effect of the new massachusetts bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments. | since the new outfall for boston's treated sewage effluent began operation on september 6, 2000, no change has been observed in concentrations of silver or clostridium perfringens spores (an ecologically benign tracer of sewage), in bottom sediments at a site 2.5 km west of the outfall. in suspended sediment samples collected with a time-series sediment trap located 1.3 km south of the outfall, silver and c. perfringens spores increased by 38% and 103%, respectively, in post-outfall samples whil ... | 2002 | 12474967 |
| role of the c-domain in the biological activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (370 residues) possesses hemolytic and lethal activities as well as the enzymatic activity of phospholipase c (plc). in this study we examined the role of the c-domain (251-370 residues; cp251- 370) in biological activities of the toxin. the n-domain (1-250 residues; cp1- 250) of the alpha-toxin as well as the bacillus cereus phospholipase c (bcplc) possessed plc activity, but did not bind to rabbit erythrocytes and lyse them. a hybrid protein (bc-cp251-370) c ... | 2002 | 12477243 |
| environmental response and autoregulation of clostridium difficile txer, a sigma factor for toxin gene expression. | txer, a sigma factor that directs clostridium difficile rna polymerase to recognize the promoters of two major toxin genes, was shown to stimulate its own synthesis. whether expressed in c. difficile, clostridium perfringens, or escherichia coli, txer stimulated transcription of fusions of the txer promoter region to reporter genes. as is the case for the tox genes, txer expression was responsive to the cellular growth phase and the constituents of the medium. that is, the level of expression in ... | 2002 | 12374831 |
| inhibition of growth, enterotoxin production, and spore formation of clostridium perfringens by extracts of medicinal plants. | the extracts of 14 plants used in the traditional medicine of mexico were evaluated for their effects on the growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production of clostridium perfringens type a. the extracts of psidium guajava l., haemotoxylon brasiletto, and euphobia prostata were the most effective inhibitors of growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production. no enterotoxins were detected when extracts were added to the media at less than the mic for growth. | 2002 | 12380759 |
| characterization of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pmd5057 from lactobacillus plantarum 5057 reveals a composite structure. | the 10,877bp tetracycline resistance plasmid pmd5057 from lactobacillus plantarum 5057 was completely sequenced. the sequence revealed a composite structure containing dna from up to four different sources. the replication region had homology to other plasmids of lactic acid bacteria while the tetracycline resistance region, containing a tet(m) gene, had high homology to sequences from clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus. within the tetracycline resistance region a lactobacillus is ... | 2002 | 12383727 |
| selective growth of mucolytic bacteria including clostridium perfringens in a neonatal piglet model of total parenteral nutrition. | compromised barrier function and intestinal inflammation are common complications of total parenteral nutrition (tpn). | 2002 | 12399288 |
| the murein hydrolase of the bacteriophage phi3626 dual lysis system is active against all tested clostridium perfringens strains. | clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. as a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of c. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene and an endolysin gene. hol3626 has two membrane-spanning domains (msds) and is a group ii holin. a posit ... | 2002 | 12406719 |
| nutritional aspects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides: natural occurrence, chemistry, physiology and health implications. | short-chain fructooligosaccharides occur in a number of edible plants, such as chicory, onions, asparagus, wheat... they are a group of linear fructose oligomers with a degree of polymerisation ranging from n = 1 up to 5 (oligosaccharides). short-chain fructooligosaccharides, to a large extent, escape digestion in the human upper intestine and reach the colon where they are totally fermented mostly to lactate, short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), and gas, like dietary fibr ... | 2002 | 12408453 |
| nan fusions: a synthetic sialidase reporter gene as a sensitive and versatile partner for gus. | gus continues to be the reporter of choice for many gene fusion applications, due to the unparalleled sensitivity of the encoded enzyme and the ease with which it can be quantified in cell-free extracts and visualized histochemically in cells and tissues. a compatible and functionally equivalent reporter gene would facilitate dual promoter studies and internal standardization of expression analyses in the same plant. a search for a candidate enzyme activity not found in plants, which might form ... | 2002 | 12410816 |
| brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs. | brewers dried yeast, a source of mannan oligosaccharides (mos), was assessed as an alternative to an antimicrobial agent (carbadox) for young pigs in two experiments. the yeast contained 5.2% mos. agglutination tests confirmed adsorption of several serovars of e. coli and salmonella spp. onto the yeast product. in exp. 1, seven replicates (five pigs per pen) of 22-d-old pigs were fed a nonmedicated basal diet or the basal diet with carbadox (55 mg/kg), yeast (3%), or a combination of 3% yeast an ... | 2002 | 12413084 |
| compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of achillea setacea and achillea teretifolia (compositae). | gc-ms analysis of the isolated essential oils from air-dried aerial parts of achillea setacea and achillea teretifolia, an endemic taxon, resulted in the identification of 51 constituents (79.8% of the total oil) and 42 constituents (87.1% of the total oil), respectively. eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) was the major constituent of both oils studied (18.5 and 19.9%, respectively). the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were individually evaluated against 14 microorganisms. both oils exhibit ... | 2002 | 12413716 |
| thoughts on bowel treatment in cattle. | 2002 | 12418686 | |
| effects of lactulose on the intestinal microflora of periparturient sows and their piglets. | the periparturient period of animals (and humans) is very stressful and influenced by the microecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (git). performance and productivity of animal husbandry depend on the health of animal mothers and their offspring. we investigated the influence of prebiotic amounts of lactulose in sows and their piglets. two experimental trial sows received daily 30 ml lactulose, 71 field trial sows received daily 45 ml lactulose during their periparturient period (10 days bef ... | 2002 | 12420113 |
| what is your diagnosis? an oval gas lucency. | 2002 | 12420820 | |
| evaluation of a routine diagnostic fecal panel for dogs with diarrhea. | to assess the diagnostic yield of a routine fecal panel and determine whether clostridium perfringens or c difficile toxin production is associated with acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome (ahds) in dogs. | 2002 | 12420824 |
| trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, england and wales: 1992 to 2000. | commitment to food safety is evidenced by high profile governmental initiatives around the globe. to measure progress towards targets, policy makers need to know the baseline from which they started. | 2002 | 12427786 |
| laboratory diagnosis of clostridium perfringens antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | clostridium perfringens has been reported as the cause of up to 15% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and may be diagnosed by detection of enterotoxin (cpent) in faeces. the performance of a commercial elisa method for cpent, with culture and pcr methods to confirm the presence of enterotoxigenic c. perfringens, was evaluated in 200 consecutive specimens from patients with clinical details suggestive of aad: 8% of the specimens were positive for cpent, 16% were positive for c. di ... | 2002 | 12435070 |
| fate of bacterial indicators, viruses and protozoan parasites in a wastewater multi-component treatment system. | the extent of reduction in selected microrganisms was tested at a multi-component wastewater treatment plant that treats sewage for a potential re-use in agriculture. the aim of the investigation was to evaluate possible reciprocal correlation among the different microrganisms and to compare the removal of two encysted pathogenic protozoa with that of microbial indicators, clostridium perfringens spores, enteroviruses and bacteriophages. samples collected included the raw wastewater, the chlorin ... | 2002 | 12437220 |
| innate immune responses of human neonatal cells to bacteria from the normal gastrointestinal flora. | the hygiene hypothesis postulates that the prevalence of allergy has increased due to decreased microbial stimulation early in life, leading to delayed maturation of the immune system. the aim of this study was to examine the cytokine pattern produced from cord blood mononuclear cells relative to adult cells after stimulation with bacterial strains from the normal flora. mononuclear cells from cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with the following bacteria: bifidobacterium adolescentis, ... | 2002 | 12438343 |
| clostridial enteritis necroticans versus secondary clostridial infection superimposed upon ischemic bowel disease. | clostridial enteritis necroticans, or pig-bel, as seen in papua new guinea, is a necrotizing, segmental gangrene of the small intestine occurring in members of a malnourished population, who become ill after consuming large quantities of pork contaminated with type c. clostridium perfringens. we report a case of possible clostridial enteritis necroticans with concomitant ischemic intestinal disease secondary to superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis occurring in a 53-year-old woman with a long ... | 2002 | 12440753 |
| a role for the clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin in bovine enterotoxaemia? | non-enterotoxigenic type a clostridium perfringens are associated with bovine enterotoxaemia, but the alpha toxin is not regarded as responsible for the production of typical lesions of necrotic and haemorrhagic enteritis. the purpose of this study was to investigate the putative role of the more recently described beta2 toxin. seven hundred and fourteen non-enterotoxigenic type a c. perfringens isolated from 133 calves with lesions of enterotoxaemia and high clostridial cell counts (study popul ... | 2002 | 11900954 |
| the listeria monocytogenes hemolysin has an acidic ph optimum to compartmentalize activity and prevent damage to infected host cells. | listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from a phagosome and grows in the host cell cytosol. the pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, listeriolysin o (llo), mediates bacterial escape from vesicles and is approximately 10-fold more active at an acidic than neutral ph. by swapping dissimilar residues from a ph-insensitive orthologue, perfringolysin o (pfo), we identified leucine 461 as unique to pathogenic listeria and responsible for the acid ... | 2002 | 11901168 |
| an epidemiological survey of clostridium perfringens-associated enterotoxemia at an army veterinary treatment facility. | the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of clostridium perfringens-associated vomiting and diarrhea in canine and feline patients at the okinawa branch veterinary service and to establish a relationship between dietary indiscretion and the presence of clostridial enterotoxemia. stool samples were obtained from 38 control animals and 44 animals with vomiting and diarrhea during a 3-month period. for each sample, fecal cytology were examined for the presence of c. perfringens, whi ... | 2002 | 11901570 |
| selective responses of three ginkgo biloba leaf-derived constituents on human intestinal bacteria. | the selective responses of ginkgo biloba leaf-derived materials against six intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of bilobalide, ginkgolides a and b, kaempferol, and quercetin. the components of g. biloba leaves were characterized as kaempferol 3-o-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside), kaempferol 3-o-(2' '-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, and quercetin 3-o-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnosid ... | 2002 | 11902921 |
| [diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of clostridium perfringens food poisoning]. | clostridium perfringens is a classical agent of food-borne disease but because of the mildness and self-limiting nature of the illness, many cases are undiagnosed. this study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea due to c. perfringens in a public restaurant. | 2002 | 11904084 |
| nobiloside, a new neuraminidase inhibitory triterpenoidal saponin from the marine sponge erylus nobilis. | a neuraminidase inhibitor, nobiloside (1), was isolated from the marine sponge erylus nobilis thiele, 1903. its structure was determined as a penasterol trisaccharide. the absolute configurations were determined by nmr and chiral gc analysis. it inhibited neuraminidase from the bacterium clostridium perfringens with an ic50 value of 0.46 microg/ml. | 2002 | 11908993 |
| armed to the teeth. | 2002 | 11912016 | |
| postoperative clostridium perfringens lumbar discitis with septicemia: report of a case with survival. | this case report describes the successful treatment of a case of clostridium perfringens postoperative discitis and suggests a management protocol for this condition. the medical literature to date reports only one similar case, treated without success. the patient has been well but the affected space later collapsed with mechanical pain and has required fusion. c. perfringens discitis can be treated successfully. | 2002 | 11927829 |