Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| wheezing--associated lower respiratory infections in under 5-year-old children: study in takhli district hospital. | wheezing was detected in 251 of the 421 (59.6%) children under 5 years old suffering from acute lower respiratory infections (lri) treated at the takhli hospital, nakhon sawan province from november 1998 to october 2000. bronchitis and pneumonia accounted for 55.0 per cent and 40.6 per cent of lri with wheezing. most of the patients, 162 of 251 (64.5%) cases were children under 2 years old. the wheezing symptom declined significantly in children older than 4 years of age. in this study, lri with ... | 2002 | 12549802 |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. | to determine the aetiological agents and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) at kalafong hospital, pretoria. | 2002 | 12506595 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection during early infancy on the ontogeny of cytokine immune responses. | recently, childhood asthma has been associated with an alarming rise in prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. strong epidemiological evidence now links the development of childhood asthma with the persistence of t-helper lymphocyte type 2 (th2) cytokine immune responses during early infancy. however, the ontogeny of human cytokine immune responses and the environmental factors influencing their development have not been fully elucidated. several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that resp ... | 2002 | 12528606 |
| infection of murine precision cut lung slices (pcls) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and chlamydophila pneumoniae using the krumdieck technique. | the krumdieck technique allows the investigation of the so-called precision cut lung slices (pcls) with a special microtome. it is thus possible to evaluate morphologic changes over a longer period of time using only a small group of animals. chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proved to be important causes of pneumonia, rhinitis and exacerbations of asthma bronchiale, as well as of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. pcls should be tested for th ... | 2002 | 12530578 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common pathogen of the lower respiratory tract in infants. groups at risk for severe disease include preterm infants, infants with pulmonary disease such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infants with congenital heart disease, and infants suffering from immunodeficiency. however, most infants getting severely ill from rsv are otherwise healthy and born at term. the incidence of hospitalisation caused by rsv is increasing, and there is an association bet ... | 2002 | 12523006 |
| [prevalence and structure of acute respiratory virus infections]. | information on epidemiology of acute respiratory virus infections (arvi) is reviewed and analyzed. in addition to influenza viruses, the role of respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv), rhino- and adenoviruses, as well as other viruses, in the development of respiratory diseases, especially in newborns, young children and elderly persons, is emphasized. a high proportion of rsv in the etiology the severe forms of arvi and in the development of intrauterine infection is pointed out. the conclusion ha ... | 2002 | 12525011 |
| short report: seasonal pattern of respiratory syncytial virus in a region with a tropical climate in southeastern brazil. | among acute respiratory infections (aris), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen, especially in infants and preschool children. this study focused on rsv epidemiology in a region of southeastern brazil with a tropical climate. a total of 406 nasopharyngeal secretion samples were taken from children less than five years of age with aris. of these, 114 (28%) were rsv-positive. these samples were found in all age groups, but showed a higher prevalence in newborns. infection wit ... | 2002 | 12479549 |
| passive transfer of serum antibodies induced by bbg2na, a subunit vaccine, in the elderly protects scid mouse lungs against respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for severe low respiratory tract infections in young infants and the elderly. to investigate whether bbg2na, a recombinant subunit vaccine comprising aa 130-230 of the rsv g protein, induced protective abs in subjects over 60 years during phase ii clinical trial, pre- and postimmunization sera of individuals immunized with bbg2na or placebo were transferred into scid mice before rsv challenge. these sera dose-dependently reduced lung rsv titers. h ... | 2002 | 12482664 |
| relationships among specific viral pathogens, virus-induced interleukin-8, and respiratory symptoms in infancy. | both virus-mediated damage to airway tissues and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (il-8) could contribute to symptom severity during viral respiratory infections in children. to test the hypothesis that il-8 contributes to the pathogenesis of respiratory symptoms during naturally acquired respiratory viral infections in children, nasal wash samples collected from infants with acute viral infections (n = 198) or from healthy uninfected infants (n = 31) were analysed f ... | 2002 | 12485313 |
| wheezing requiring hospitalization in early childhood: predictive factors for asthma in a six-year follow-up. | although asthma is common after wheezing in early childhood, the risk factors for and the prevention of later asthma are poorly understood. during the present follow-up study, a range of possible predictive factors for school-age asthma was evaluated. the study group consisted of 82 children hospitalized for wheezing at age < 2 years in 1992-93. the baseline data were collected on entry to the study. in 1999, the children were re-examined at the median age of 7.2 years. a structured questionnair ... | 2002 | 12485317 |
| detection of rice grassy stunt tenuivirus nonstructural proteins p2, p5 and p6 from infected rice plants and from viruliferous brown planthoppers. | the genome of rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) consists of 6 ambisense rna segments, among which rnas 1, 2, 5 and 6 are equivalent to rnas 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, of rice stripe virus, the type species of the genus tenuivirus. the rgsv 36-kda nucleocapsid protein (n) is encoded on the complementary strand of rna 5. here, we studied accumulation of three nonstructural proteins, a 23-kda p2 protein encoded on vrna 2 (virus genomic strand), a 22-kda p5 protein encoded on vrna 5, and a 21-kda p6 ... | 2002 | 12491098 |
| influenza-related hospitalizations among children in hong kong. | it has been difficult to define the burden of influenza in children because of confounding by the cocirculation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in hong kong, china, the influenza and rsv infection seasons sometimes do not overlap, thus providing an opportunity to estimate the rate of influenza-related hospitalization in a defined population, free from the effects of rsv. | 2002 | 12501221 |
| acute viral bronchiolitis and its sequelae in developing countries. | acute viral bronchiolitis (avb) is a common disease found throughout the world. various aspects of it are being studied: its epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. most of these studies are being conducted in developed countries, with only a few taking place in developing countries. risk factors such as poor nutrition, an adverse environment and early weaning should be studied where these features are common. treatment aspects such as cost-effectiveness in low income settings need fur ... | 2002 | 12457599 |
| use of a vesicular stomatitis virus complementation system to analyze respiratory syncytial virus binding. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be difficult to manipulate in the laboratory because it produces a fragile, filamentous virion that does not bud efficiently from the cell surface and which is sensitive to purification. these properties have complicated the studies of rsv envelope protein-host cell interactions. in this paper, we have tested the ability of the rsv attachment protein, g, to complement virus attachment of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsvdeltag*), which lacks any ... | 2002 | 12457986 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pneumonitis after a glenn palliation. | a five-month old male with a single ventricle palliated with a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis developed severe respiratory insufficiency from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonitis. he was successfully rescued with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) therapy and recovered with minimal morbidity. | 2002 | 12470038 |
| parental emotional and time costs predict compliance with respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. | two agents are effective in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in premature infants: rsv immune globulin (rsv-ig) and palivizumab. rsv-ig is associated with greater parental emotional and time costs, which may account for the more limited adherence to recommended monthly treatment with this agent. | 2002 | 12437390 |
| age at first viral infection determines the pattern of t cell-mediated disease during reinfection in adulthood. | infants experiencing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis have an increased frequency of wheeze and asthma in later childhood. since most severe rsv infections occur between the 8th and 24th postnatal week, we examined whether age at first infection determines the balance of cytokine production and lung pathology during subsequent rechallenge. primary rsv infection in newborn mice followed the same viral kinetics as in adults but was associated with reduced and delayed ifn-gamm ... | 2002 | 12438429 |
| retrovirus-specific packaging of aminoacyl-trna synthetases with cognate primer trnas. | the trnas used to prime reverse transcription in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), and moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) are, trna(trp), and trna(pro), respectively. using antibodies to the three cognate human aminoacyl-trna synthetases, we found that only lysyl-trna synthetase (lysrs) is present in hiv-1, only tryptophanyl-trna synthetase (trprs) is present in rsv, and neither these two synthetases nor prolyl-trna synthetase (prors) is present in mo-mu ... | 2002 | 12438642 |
| impact and cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for kansas medicaid's high-risk children. | to determine the impact of prophylactic therapy for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on subsequent hospitalizations and related lengths of stay and costs and to estimate whether prophylactic treatment was cost-effective. | 2002 | 12444839 |
| polysulfonates derived from metal thiolate complexes as inhibitors of hiv-1 and various other enveloped viruses in vitro. | sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate reacts with the metal ions pd(ii), pt(ii), ag(i), cd(ii) and zn(ii) to yield complexes containing multiple anionic sulfonate sites. on the basis of spectroscopic and other analytical data the complexes were assigned the tentative molecular formulas: pd6(sch2ch2so3na)12, ptn(sch2ch2so3na)2n+2, agn(sch2ch2so3na)n, na2zn4(sch2ch2so3na)10, and na2cd4(sch2ch2so3na)10. the complexes displayed a variety of differences in activity towards dna and rna viruses. the platinu ... | 2002 | 12448691 |
| rsv bronchiolitis and risk of wheeze and allergic sensitisation in the first year of life. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been hypothesised to be a risk factor for the development of allergy and asthma, but epidemiological studies in older children have been inconclusive. the current study hypothesises that the effect of rsv bronchiolitis might be most prominent during the first year after bronchiolitis. forty-two infants had experienced rsv bronchiolitis severe enough to cause hospitalisation. for each child with rsv infection, two controls were acquired from ... | 2002 | 12449185 |
| surfactant proteins as genetic determinants of multifactorial pulmonary diseases. | surfactant proteins, sp-a, sp-b, sp-c and sp-d, play important roles in pulmonary surfactant function and metabolism. sp-a and sp-d, being members of the collectin family of proteins, also interact with pathogens and are involved in pulmonary host defense. respiratory diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. several life-threatening lung diseases, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (rds) and acute ros (ards), are associated with impaired surfactant function. alle ... | 2002 | 12452477 |
| characteristics of immunity induced by viral antigen or conferred by antibody via different administration routes. | the characteristics of the immunity induced by viral antigens or conferred by antiviral antibody via different routes of administration were evaluated comparatively. c57bl/6 mice were immunized via intranasal, intradermal or enteric routes with a live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein (f.rvv) or rsv, and then challenged intranasally with rsv. inhibition of rsv replication was observed in the lungs of all the mice; however, only intranasal ... | 2002 | 12452827 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. | palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in preterm infants. however, palivizumab is very expensive. data from a new zealand cost-effectiveness analysis were considered by representatives of the infectious diseases and immunisation, fetus and newborn, and respiratory committees of the paediatric society of new zealand. prophylaxis in all high-risk groups was associated with net cost. the consensus panel recommends that the priori ... | 2002 | 12410864 |
| association of cytokine responses with disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to explore the relationship between cytokine responses and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants. | 2002 | 12412865 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus with the g and f genes shifted to the promoter-proximal positions. | the genome of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes 10 mrnas and 11 proteins in the order 3'-ns1-ns2-n-p-m-sh-g-f-m2-1/m2-2-l-5'. the g and f glycoproteins are the major rsv neutralization and protective antigens. it seems likely that a high level of expression of g and f would be desirable for a live rsv vaccine. for mononegaviruses, the gene order is a major factor controlling the level of mrna and protein expression due to the polar gradient of sequential transcription. in order to ... | 2002 | 12414935 |
| immune response to respiratory syncytial virus in young brazilian children. | we have evaluated the cellular and humoral immune response to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. serum specimens from 65 patients <=12 months of age (39 males and 26 females, 28 cases <3 months and 37 cases > or = 3 months; median 3 3.9 months) were tested for anti-rsv igg and igg subclass antibodies by eia. flow cytometry was used to characterize cell surface markers expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 29 rsv-infected children. there wa ... | 2002 | 12424491 |
| burden of disease in hospitalized rsv-positive children in germany. | in spite of a large amount of data from other countries, those on the burden of disease attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in germany are lacking and are urgently needed. | 2002 | 12424681 |
| [effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on t-helper cytokines expression in balb/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin]. | to determine the effects of rsv infection on the development of lung inflammation and the expressions of t-helper cell related cytokines in balb/c mice pre-sensitized with ovalbumin. | 2002 | 12425832 |
| clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus l polymerase generates temperature-sensitive viruses. | clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis was performed on the large (l) polymerase protein of human respiratory syncytial virus to identify charged residues in the l protein that are important for viral rna synthesis and to generate temperature-sensitive viruses. clusters of three, four, and five charged residues throughout the entire l protein were substituted with alanines. a minigenome replicon assay was used to determine the functions of the mutant l proteins and to identify mutations that ca ... | 2002 | 12429529 |
| interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-11, and interferon-gamma levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates from wheezing children with respiratory syncytial virus or influenza a virus infection. | the differences between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus (ifav) in the pathogenesis of wheezing in young children have not been clearly defined. the aim of this study was to assess the contributions of rsv vs ifav in the pathogenesis of upper airway inflammation in wheezy young children. we compared interleukin (il)-6, il-8, il-11, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from non-asthmatic children with respiratory virus infections (rsv in ... | 2002 | 12431194 |
| a role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. administration of a formalin inactivated vaccine against rsv to children in the 1960s resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in vaccine recipients who subsequently contracted rsv. this incident precluded development of subunit rsv vaccines for infants for over 30 years, because the mechanism of illness was never clarified. an rsv vaccine for infants is still not avail ... | 2002 | 12235218 |
| seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in children in kiel, germany, over a 7-year period. | elaborate, long-term data on the rhythm, seasonality and severity of the yearly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics in germany are lacking. | 2002 | 12236558 |
| the impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection: a prospective study in hospitalized infants younger than 2 years. | we analyzed the influence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the clinical course and management of infants hospitalized due to viral upper and lower respiratory tract infections (u/lrti). | 2002 | 12236559 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-coded pediatric hospitalizations, 1997 to 1999. | the recent number and rate of infant hospitalizations with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-coded diagnosis have not been published. | 2002 | 12237593 |
| current concepts on active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important causative agent of viral respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. passive immunization against rsv became available recently, but this does not apply to an effective vaccine as a result of dramatic adverse results of immunization with a rsv candidate vaccine in the 1960s and the lack of full knowledge of the immune response induced by rsv. nonetheless intensive research during the past two decades has resulted in several ... | 2002 | 12237605 |
| development of multiple cloning site cis-vectors for recombinant adeno-associated virus production. | recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) has become a very popular gene therapy vector in the past several years. a cis-plasmid is used to generate the raav stocks. in this plasmid, the entire expression cassette is incorporated between two aav inverted terminal repeats. the construction of cis-plasmid has been problematic because of the high-frequency recombination of the viral inverted terminal repeats. here we describe the design and construction of several multiple cloning site cis-plasmids ... | 2002 | 12238777 |
| gamma interferon-dependent protection of the mouse upper respiratory tract following parenteral immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | the protective mechanisms induced in the mouse upper respiratory tract (urt) after intraperitoneal immunization with g2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein fragment (amino acid residues 130 to 230), were investigated. this protection was recently shown to be mediated by cd4(+) t cells and to be critically dependent on the cysteines and amino acids 193 and 194 (h. plotnicky-gilquin, a. robert, l. chevalet, j.-f. haeuw, a. beck, j.-y. bonnefoy, c. brandt, c.-a. siegrist, t ... | 2002 | 12239295 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection among puerto rican infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory illness in children. prevention of this infection is available with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin or an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). palivizumab has been available in puerto rico since 1999. the objective of this study was to follow-up infants who received rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab in puerto rico to assess its efficacy and safety. a total of 230 infants who received rsv prophy ... | 2002 | 12243108 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia complicating fludarabine and cyclophosphamide treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the potential for life-threatening pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is recognised among patients with acute leukaemia and recipients of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation. rsv pneumonia has a high mortality rate in these settings. less intensively treated patients are not usually considered to be at risk for serious rsv pneumonia. we describe the case of a 62-yr-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) treated with fludarabine and cycloph ... | 2002 | 12270063 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase by recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses for microneutralization assay. | the beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) was inserted into a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 strain of subgroup a rsv (designated as a-lacz) and a chimeric rsv that had the g and f surface glycoproteins of a2 replaced by those of the subgroup b rsv 9320 strain (designated as b-lacz). both recombinant rsvs, a-lacz and b-lacz, grew well in tissue culture and expressed high levels of beta-galactosidase. using these two beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant rsvs, a novel microneutrali ... | 2002 | 12270661 |
| influenza virosomes are an efficient delivery system for respiratory syncytial virus-f antigen inducing humoral and cell-mediated immunity. | in the present study we investigated the efficacy of a new potential vaccine constituted of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-f protein associated with influenza virosomes (rsv-f/iriv) in combination with the mucosal adjuvant escheriagen (escherichia coli heat-labile toxin), administered intranasally (i.n.) to balb/c mice. after an intramuscular "priming" with influenza virus vaccine, group a of mice was i.n. immunized with of rsv-f/iriv+heat-labile toxin (hlt), groups b and c were inoculate ... | 2002 | 12297388 |
| age-dependent replication of respiratory syncytial virus in the cotton rat. | despite the documented disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the elderly, little is known about the underlying risk factors or pathogenesis of rsv in a geriatric population. this report describes an age-dependent change of rsv clearance in the lung and nose of the cotton rat. six days postinfection with rsv, lung and nose viral titers were significantly higher in all older age groups as compared with 4- to 6-week old cotton rats (p < 0.05). when comparing the 4- to 6-week old an ... | 2002 | 12324660 |
| sorting of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein into detergent-resistant structures is dependent on cell-surface expression of the glycoproteins. | the interaction of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein with the plasma membrane was investigated using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised against recombinant m expressed in bacteria. m bound mainly to the plasma membrane, although a significant proportion bound to internal membranes. however, no localisation of m with the golgi was observed, suggesting that transport of m to the plasma membrane was independent of the transport mechanism for the viral glycoproteins. ex ... | 2002 | 12350355 |
| neutrophil survival is prolonged in the airways of healthy infants and infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | large numbers of neutrophils in the airway of infants infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are recruited by chemokines, such as interleukin-8, and specific inflammatory molecules can delay apoptosis increasing their longevity. the aim of this study was to investigate whether airway secretions in rsv bronchiolitis contain factors that influence neutrophil apoptosis. nasal lavage fluid (nlf) was obtained from 24 infants with rsv bronchiolitis (31 infant controls and 12 adults). neutrophil ... | 2002 | 12358343 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |
| the major phosphorylation sites of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein are dispensable for virus replication in vitro. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a key component of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase complex. the protein is constitutively phosphorylated at the two clusters of serine residues (116, 117, and 119 [116/117/119] and 232 and 237 [232/237]). to examine the role of phosphorylation of the rsv p protein in virus replication, these five serine residues were altered to eliminate their phosphorylation potential, and the mutant proteins were analyzed for their f ... | 2002 | 12368320 |
| highlights in the development of new antiviral agents. | the potential of a large variety of new compounds and new strategies for the treatment of virtually all major virus infections has been addressed. this includes, for the treatment of hiv infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-n), co-receptor antagonists (tak-779, amd3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside t-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis: emtricita ... | 2002 | 12370077 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in early life is associated with increased type 2 cytokine production in gambian children. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early childhood has been associated with subsequent wheezing and atopy. the aim of this study was to test if severe rsv infection in early life was associated with an increase in type 2 cytokine production and atopy in gambian children 5 years later. | 2002 | 12372121 |
| development and use of palivizumab (synagis): a passive immunoprophylactic agent for rsv. | palivizumab (synagis; abbott laboratories), a humanized, monoclonal antibody, prevents lower respiratory tract infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv causes significant morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide and is particularly severe in pre-term infants, children with cardiopulmonary disease, and the immunosuppressed population. the first such genetically engineered agent to be used effectively against a human infectious disease, palivizumab significantly reduces the n ... | 2002 | 12373481 |
| a cohort of children hospitalised with acute rsv bronchiolitis: impact on later respiratory disease. | this paper reviews the results from a cohort study in which 47 children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and their 93 controls, matched for age, sex and place of living, were prospectively followed-up at the mean ages of 1, 3 and 7.5. asthma was significantly more common in the rsv bronchiolitis group at all times. asthma during the year prior to follow-up at age 7.5 was seen in 23% of the rsv children and in 2% of the controls (p < 0.001). allergic sensitisation ... | 2002 | 12376053 |
| characterization of the ldl-a module mutants of tva, the subgroup a rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications in protein folding. | tva is the cellular receptor for subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv-a), and the viral receptor function is solely determined by a 40-residue motif called the ldl-a module of tva. in this report, an integral approach of molecular, biochemical, and biophysical techniques was used to examine the role of a well-conserved tryptophan of the ldl-a module of tva in protein folding and ligand binding. we show that substitution of tryptophan by glycine adversely affected the correct folding of the ldl-a m ... | 2002 | 12381843 |
| palivizumab in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. premature infants and infants with underlying lung disease are at increased risk for severe rsv infection in the first 1 - 2 years of life. monthly prophylaxis with palivizumab (synagis) during rsv season has been proven safe and effective in this population and these effects have persisted over the 4 years since the drug was approved by the us fda in 1998. issues ... | 2002 | 12387675 |
| immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces interleukin-13-associated hypersensitivity to subsequent rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. rsv vaccine development has been hampered by results of clinical trials in the 1960s, when formalin-inactivated whole-rsv preparations adjuvated with alum (fi-rsv) were found to predispose infants for enhanced disease following subsequent natural rsv infection. we have reproduced this apparently immunopathological phenomenon in infant cynomolgus macaques and identified immunological and p ... | 2002 | 12388717 |
| first-time wheezing in infants during respiratory syncytial virus season: chest radiograph findings. | to evaluate the prevalence of pathologic chest radiographs in infants presenting with a first episode of wheezing during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons and to compare demographics and clinical variables between patients with benign and pathologic chest radiographs. | 2002 | 12395001 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappab in the lung involves alveolar macrophages and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. | the transcription factor nuclear factor (nf)-kappab controls the expression of numerous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-inducible inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes. using a balb/c mouse model, the present article shows that rsv potently and specifically activates nf-kappab in vivo, a process that involves nuclear translocation of the subunits rela, p50, and c-rel in the lung. by depletion of alveolar macrophages (ams) in balb/c mice and use of c3h/hej mice lacking a functional toll-like ... | 2002 | 12402188 |
| a common haplotype of interleukin-4 gene il4 is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in korean children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major health problem in young children, and host response to severe disease favors a th2 immune response. to investigate the genetic basis for rsv disease severity, linked variants of 3 th2 cytokine genes, il4, il13, and il5 (which are clustered on chromosome 5q31.1) were characterized in 105 children who were hospitalized with severe rsv infection and 315 korean control subjects in a pilot study. a common il4 haplotype defined at 5 loci, which includes the ... | 2002 | 12402189 |
| correlation between serum interleukin 6 and c-reactive protein concentrations in patients with adenoviral respiratory infection. | to characterize adenoviral respiratory infection, we evaluated clinical features, laboratory findings and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with adenoviral infection and compared them with those in patients with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2002 | 12150170 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus with lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children requiring pediatric hospitalizations. infants with chronic lung, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions are at increased risk for rsv infection. early rsv is associated with subsequent diagnosis of reactive airway disease. the management of rsv with lower respiratory track infection in infants and children remains controversial. bronchodilators may have some short-term benefit, but a ... | 2002 | 12151995 |
| substance p receptor expression on lymphocytes is associated with the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the kinetics and magnitude of sp receptor expression was determined for bronchoalveolar leukocyte cell subsets from balb/c mice in the primary immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3) infection, and in the secondary immune response to rsv and piv3 challenge. in both the primary and secondary responses to infection, expression of substance p (sp) receptors was markedly increased by infection, especially for t lymphocytes, compared to b220+, cd11b ... | 2002 | 12161030 |
| an epidemiological study of rsv infection in the gambia. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in a developing country. | 2002 | 12163920 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in navajo and white mountain apache children. | the hospitalization rate for bronchiolitis of any cause among us children younger than 1 year is estimated at 31.2 per 1000. no data exist on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific hospitalization rates among high-risk native americans other than alaska natives, for whom the incidence of rsv hospitalization was estimated at 150 per 1000 among infants younger than 1 year. we aimed to estimate rsv hospitalization rates among navajo and white mountain apache children younger than 2 years. | 2002 | 12165619 |
| test characteristics of the respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. | the test characteristics of rapid tests for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants may differ from older children secondary to a lower likelihood of previous illness with rsv. our main goal was to establish the test characteristics of the rsv abbott testpack (tp) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (eia) in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. our secondary goal was to determine the likelihood of rsv given a particular clinical syndrome and a negative or positive eia. a prospective sampl ... | 2002 | 12166793 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat induces nitric-oxide synthase in human astroglia. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. however, the mechanism by which hiv-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the hiv-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) in human u373mg astroglial cells and primary astroglia. expression of the tat gene as rsv-tat but not that of the ... | 2002 | 12167619 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in porto alegre, rs, brazil. | although acute respiratory infections (aris) are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in southern brazil, little information is available on their seasonality and viral etiology. this study was conducted on children under 5 years of age with ari to assess viral etiology in the state of rio grande do sul, from 1990 to 1992. a total of 862 nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescence. the results showed that 316 (36.6%) nps samples were positive: 2 ... | 2002 | 12170321 |
| management of bronchiolitis: current practices in ireland. | to establish current practice for hospital-based treatment of uncomplicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the republic of ireland. a questionnaire was sent to all consultant general paediatricians in the republic of ireland. the questionnaire described a clinical scenario and this was followed by a list of management questions. the scenario was of a 3-month-old infant with uncomplicated but moderately severe rsv infection requiring hospitalization. seventy-three questionnaires w ... | 2002 | 12171262 |
| cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in new zealand. | to establish the preterm infant hospitalization risks from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in new zealand and the net cost per hospitalization averted by palivizumab. | 2002 | 12173995 |
| inhibition of retroviral pathogenesis by rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) is a newly discovered cellular defense system that is known to suppress replication of genomic parasites in model organisms. it has been widely conjectured that rnai may also serve as an antiviral system in vertebrates. | 2002 | 12176358 |
| development of vaccines against common colds. | respiratory tract viruses are particularly significant causes of illness and death in children and in the elderly. vaccines offer the possibility of decreasing the severity and complications of viral respiratory disease, but development has been delayed by numerous factors. first, there are more than 200 serologically distinct rna and dna virus species and strains which cause an essentially similar spectrum of disease. some re-infect at high efficiency despite little antigenic variation, while o ... | 2002 | 12176853 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in canada: utilization and outcomes. | to provide information on the use and outcomes of palivizumab prophylaxis in children at high risk of serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2002 | 12182374 |
| diagnostic methods for detection of respiratory rna viruses. | this article is a comprehensive description of diagnostic methods for detection of rna respiratory viruses - respiratory syncytial virus rsv, influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses, coronaviruses and rhinoviruses--from cell culture to molecular biology methods. both patients and medical personnel appear to be at risk of viral infection, specially during the winter season. moreover, many health care units lack viral diagnostic facilities; therefore, it is essential for medica ... | 2002 | 12184443 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of different origin compounds by flow cytometry. | against many viral diseases caused for example by hsv, ebv, cmv, hiv, rsv, hcv for which vaccines are not available, chemiotherapeutics seem to have the principal significance. high progress in development of new antiviral compounds is observed. in addition to synthetic compounds a large number of naturally occurring substances have been shown to posses antiviral activity. one of such substance is tannic acid. in this study comparison of antiviral activity of tannic acid, acyclovir (acv) and gan ... | 2002 | 12184452 |
| natural reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus does not boost virus-specific t-cell immunity. | to determine the role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cell-mediated immunity during natural reinfection, we investigated whether rsv-specific t-cell responses protect against reinfection and, subsequently, whether reinfection boosts virus-specific memory. in a cohort of 55 infants who were hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis, rsv-specific lymphoproliferative responses in the peripheral blood were measured at three time-points: on admission, 4 wk after admission, and 1 y later, after ... | 2002 | 12193668 |
| steroids fail to down-regulate respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-8 secretion in infants. | in the first year of life, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and is characterized by extensive inflammatory cell influx to airways. we investigated whether this might reflect a failure to down-regulate secretion of the chemokine il-8, which has been identified as a key chemoattractant during host defense to rsv. two milliliters of blood were obtained from infants, children aged 1-12 y, and adults. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were isolated and inf ... | 2002 | 12193669 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces prostaglandin e2, il-10 and il-11 generation in antigen presenting cells. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children under 1 years of age. the disease characteristically does not induce protective immunity. however, a mononuclear peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltrate during rsv infection is suggestive of an immune-mediated pathogenesis. macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of immune response to pathogens. to analyse interactions of r ... | 2002 | 12197884 |
| episodic activation of the rat gnrh promoter: role of the homeoprotein oct-1. | recent reports demonstrate that the rat gnrh promoter is activated in an episodic fashion in immortalized gnrh neurons, but little information is available on molecular processes that contribute to this phenomenon. in this study, we dissected the regions of the rat gnrh promoter that mediate these effects by testing a series of 5' deletion luciferase reporter constructs on the pattern of photonic emissions from single, living gt1-7 gnrh neuronal cells. deletion analysis revealed that the region ... | 2002 | 12198245 |
| immune-globulin prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation. | thirty-two patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation were given respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin (rsvig) at the time of transplantation and again 3 weeks later. antibody titers to rsv, human parainfluenza virus 3, measles, and influenza h1n1, h3n2, and b were measured prior to administration of rsvig and 6 more times over the course of the subsequent 6 weeks. baseline antiviral titers and increases in antibody after administration of rsvig were extre ... | 2002 | 12198619 |
| correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal outbreaks of respiratory tract infections, but the viral factors associated with virulence remain unknown. to determine whether rsv genotype correlated with severity of illness, isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of the rsv g gene, and a composite score was used to quantify severity of illness. during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 winter seasons, 137 subgroup a and 84 subgroup b isolates were identified. the severity of illness ca ... | 2002 | 12198620 |
| selection and expression of peptides which can change the conformation of p20 protein of rice stripe virus. | phages with high affinity to the p20 protein of rice stripe virus (rsv) were enriched from phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library after three rounds of phage display screening. nine different peptides from the enriched library were selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the p20 protein from raw extracts of rice leaves infected with rsv could be detected by those 9 peptides displayed on the phage, which suggested that a peptide could be an effective tool for diagnosis of rs ... | 2002 | 12199205 |
| origins of reactive airways disease in early life: do viral infections play a role? | there is mounting evidence suggesting that infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early life increases the risk of developing reactive airway disease (rad) later in childhood. a recent prospective study demonstrated that children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis in infancy face a significantly increased risk of recurrent wheezing and allergy at least until the age of 7 y that is independent of hereditary factors. proposed mechanisms for this link include immune dysregulation, in ... | 2002 | 12200895 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations in high-risk children: follow-up of a national cohort of infants treated with palivizumab as rsv prophylaxis. | the prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein, was recently shown to significantly decrease the incidence of rsv-related hospitalizations among high-risk children (impact-rsv trial). while awaiting marketing authorization in france and through a cohort of patients' name-based national program temporarily authorized by the french drug agency, a prospective register of all palivizumab-treated patients in france wa ... | 2002 | 12203846 |
| readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among graduates from a neonatal intensive care unit. | we evaluated the incidence of readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among the graduates of a regional neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), and characterized those who were rehospitalized. these data were used as a predictive tool to estimate the number of babies likely to suffer readmission with rsv for the year 2000 cohort. using the published efficacies of palivizumab, the costs and benefits of protecting this cohort were assessed. retrospective analysis of 2,507 nicu in ... | 2002 | 12205567 |
| [role of viral infections and chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in asthma in infants and young children. epidemiologic study of 118 children]. | wheezing associated with upper respiratory tract infections is common in children. using conventional techniques (viral culture and immunofluorescence) and molecular techniques (pcr), we studied the prevalence of viral, chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infections in 118 children hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation. a virus was identified by conventional techniques in 40 of the 118 nasal swabs (34%), while pcr allowed identification of virus cp and mp in 80 samples ... | 2002 | 12205810 |
| pulmonary t cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus are functional and can make an important contribution to long-lived protective immunity. | the contribution of t cell responses to immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is not fully defined, but this is an important issue for vaccine design. recent studies demonstrating rsv-induced pulmonary t cell suppression suggest that rsv may have evolved strategies to escape t cell immunity. here we evaluated potential consequences of rsv-mediated immunosuppression for protective memory t cell responses in vivo. surprisingly, we found strong ex vivo cytolytic activity and interferon ... | 2002 | 12207340 |
| virus clearance and immunopathology by cd8(+) t cells during infection with respiratory syncytial virus are mediated by ifn-gamma. | cd8(+) t cells (ctl) are important effector cells for virus control and immunopathology after primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). to investigate the effector mechanisms involved, we set up an adoptive transfer model, in which effector ctl specific for p82-90 of rsv m2 were generated in vivo, followed by short-term restimulation in vitro and transfusion into infected recipients. a total of 4 x 10(4) donor-derived p82-specific ctl homing to the lung within 4 days after transf ... | 2002 | 12209623 |
| enhanced il-4 responses in children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy. | infants who recover from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis are at high risk of developing asthma and recurrent wheezing. it is not known whether severe rsv infection itself causes persistent effects or is a marker of a "wheezy" predisposition. to determine the long-term immunological correlates of infantile bronchiolitis, interleukin (il)-4 and interferon (ifn)-gamma responses to a panel of antigens were studied in a well-characterised cohort of 7-8-yr-old children with a h ... | 2002 | 12212970 |
| intranasal gene transfer by chitosan-dna nanospheres protects balb/c mice against acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening bronchiolitis, which is also a major risk factor for the development of asthma. at present, no effective prophylaxis is available against rsv infection. herein, we describe an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-dna nanospheres (igt), containing a cocktail of plasmid dnas encoding all rsv antigens, except l. a single administration of igt (25 microg/mouse) indu ... | 2002 | 12215263 |
| a cautionary note on experimental artefacts induced by fetal calf serum in a viral model of pulmonary eosinophilia. | in balb/c mice, sensitization with the attachment protein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) leads to cd4(+) t cell-mediated lung eosinophilia during subsequent challenge with rsv. in this study, we originally intended to test whether activation of rsv-specific cytotoxic t cells by peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (dc) after g protein sensitization could prevent this eosinophilic response. peptide-pulsed dendritic cells activated ctl, which could mediate protective immunity to rsv. however, ... | 2002 | 12215389 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. we have an incomplete understanding of the reasons why some infants are more severely affected by rsv than others. there is no effective antiviral treatment for the infection. advances in our understanding of the biology of rsv, particularly in relation to the attachment protein g and the fusion protein f, have revealed potential targets for new antiviral therapies and vaccine development. in ... | 2002 | 12217726 |
| vaccination with recombinant alphavirus or immune-stimulating complex antigen against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory diseases in infants and young children. inappropriate immunity to the virus can lead to disease enhancement upon subsequent infection. in this study, we have characterized the antiviral immunity elicited by the recombinant semliki forest virus (sfv) encoding the rsv fusion (f) and attachment (g) protein, and compared with that induced by the immune-stimulating complex (iscom)-incorporated fg proteins. antiviral immunity against rsv elic ... | 2002 | 12218139 |
| current respiratory syncytial virus prevention strategies in high-risk infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was initially isolated in 1956. since then it has become recognized as a major pathogen worldwide. it is a ubiquitous pathogen that produces seasonal epidemics. primary infection occurs in children before 2 years of age. in older children and adults, rsv usually manifests itself as an upper respiratory tract infection. in immunecompromised patients, those with underlying cardiopulmonary disorders, premature infants, and other vulnerable individuals, rsv infectio ... | 2002 | 12225544 |
| early ribavarin treatment of bronchiolitis: effect on long-term respiratory morbidity. | the mortality rate from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has significantly reduced over the last decade. a major concern now is the long-term respiratory morbidity following rsv bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 12226035 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of community circulating respiratory syncytial virus in rural south africa: comparison of viruses and genotypes responsible for different disease manifestations. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children in both the industrialized and developing world. most molecular epidemiological studies have, until now, focused on isolates from hospitalized infants in industrialized countries. limited data have been available with regard to community circulating rsv, especially from africa. the present study compares rsv isolates from infants attending rural community clinics in the northern provi ... | 2002 | 12226836 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype. | in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we investigated whether disease severity is associated with the genotype of the infecting virus, or with the infant's immunological response to the infection, as determined by measurement of interleukin-8 mrna in the nasopharyngeal aspirate. this was a cross-sectional observational study, performed in the accident and emergency department, wards, and intensive care unit of a large pediatric hospital. participants included 276 infan ... | 2002 | 11948978 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia associated with primary epstein-barr virus infection. | this is a case report of a child with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and concurrent infection with epstein-barr virus. we hypothesize that immunosuppression due to ebv may have contributed to the severity of his rsv infection. the diagnosis of rsv infection was facilitated by bronchoalveolar lavage. | 2002 | 11948986 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal aspirate and nasal swab specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in different settings in a developing country. | to compare detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for diagnostic purposes using nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) and nasal swabs (ns) in different clinical settings in a community study in guinea-bissau. | 2002 | 11952947 |
| [pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | to observe the dynamics of pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 11953156 |
| high and selective expression of yeast cytosine deaminase under a carcinoembryonic antigen promoter-enhancer. | yeast cytosine deaminase (ycd)-based gene therapy offers the potential for selective production of the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) from the benign prodrug 5-fluorocytosine within colorectal cancers. although previous attempts to target therapy to colorectal cancer using the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) promoter have demonstrated specificity, this has been achieved at the cost of 10- to 300-fold loss in activity compared with strong but nonspecific rous sarcoma vir ... | 2002 | 11956093 |
| release of cytokines by human nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae. | mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infection is associated with asthma exacerbation in children. we hypothesized that mp infection may cause airway inflammation by inducing the release of cytokines by respiratory epithelial cells. the levels of chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8) and released upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) released by nasal epithelial cell (nec) cultures established from asthmatic and nonasthmatic children were measured by elisa at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr after ... | 2002 | 11976403 |
| 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase plays a critical role in interferon-gamma inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection of human epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), associated with bronchiolitis and asthma, is resistant to the antiviral effects of type-i interferons (ifn), but not ifn-gamma. however, the antiviral mechanism of ifn-gamma action against rsv infection is unknown. the molecular mechanism of ifn-gamma-induced antiviral activity was examined in this study using human epithelial cell lines hep-2 and a549. exposure of these cells to 100-1000 units/ml of ifn-gamma, either before or after rsv infection, results in a ... | 2002 | 11980899 |