Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
peptide display on functional tailspike protein of bacteriophage p22.the tailspike protein (tsp) of salmonella typhimurium p22 bacteriophage is a multifunctional homotrimer, 6 copies of which are non-covalently attached to the capsid to form the virion tail in the last reaction of phage assembly. an antigenic peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), aa 134-156 of protein vp1, has been joined to the carboxy terminus of tsp, and produced as a fusion protein in escherichia coli directed by the trp promoter. the resulting fusion protein is soluble, stable, non ...19968918257
antigenically profound amino acid substitutions occur during large population passages of foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) with amino acid substitutions next to the highly conserved r-g-d motif were isolated following large population passages of the virus (n. sevilla and e. domingo, 1996, j. virol., in press). reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognize different epitopes within site a was abolished or highly diminished in the mutants. this provides direct evidence of a drastic antigenic change occurring in the absence of selection by antibodies. molecular mo ...19968918927
antigenicity of a viral peptide displayed on beta-galactosidase fusion proteins is influenced by the presence of the homologous partner protein.several beta-galactosidase fusion proteins have been constructed containing the entire vp1 protein from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) [corchero et al. (1996) j. biotechnol. in press]. the antigenicity of the major immunodominant site a (13 amino acids in length) within the vp1 protein has been studied in competitive elisa using a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies elicited against the whole virus and recognizing b-cell epitopes within this site. none of the fusion proteins is able to rep ...19968931330
construction of a chimeric theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus containing the leader gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) leader coding region (lb) was cloned into a full-length cdna of the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) replacing the complete l coding region of tmev. this construct, pdafssc1-lb, was engineered to contain cleavage sites, at the 3' end of the lb coding region, for both the fmdv lb and the tmev 3c proteases. transcripts derived from this construct were translated in a cell-free system. analysis of the translation products showed ef ...19968941332
genetic lesions associated with muller's ratchet in an rna virus.the molecular basis of muller's ratchet has been investigated using the important animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). clones from two fmdv populations were subjected to serial plaque transfers (repeated bottleneck events) on host bhk-21 cells. relative fitness losses were documented in 11 out of 19 clones tested. small fitness gains were observed in three clones. one viral clone attained an extremely low plating efficiency, suggesting that accumulation of deleterious mutations h ...19968951375
converging antigenic structure of a recombinant viral peptide displayed on different frameworks of carrier proteins.a peptide reproducing the g-h loop amino acid sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus vp1 protein was fused to the solvent-exposed c-terminus of the bacteriophage p22 tailspike protein [carbonell and villaverde (1996) gene, in press], a homotrimeric polypeptide with a strong beta-helical structure. this fusion does not interfere with the biological activities of the phage tail. the antigenic profile of the complex antigenic site a within the g-h loop has been determined by competitive elisa wit ...19968955340
[mechanism of retaining stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus during manufacturing dried concentrated preparations].removal of moisture from concentrated virus suspensions in a sequential manner using ultrafiltration, active ventilation and vacuum dehydration of concentrated powders enables us to obtain preparations with a residual content of moisture less than 1%, while the structure and properties of fmd virus are retained. mechanism of inactivation of fmd virus in drying is attributed to electrophysical processes associated with development of electric potentials in evaporated objects due to directional mo ...19968967068
immunogenicity of an aphthovirus chimera of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.an oligodeoxynucleotide coding for amino acids 139 through 149 of antigenic site a (asa) of the vp1 capsid protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus c3 serotype (fmdv c3) was inserted into three different in-frame sites of the vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) glycoprotein (g) gene cdna present in plasmid pkg97 under control of the bacteriophage t7 polymerase promoter. transfection of these plasmids into cv1 cells coinfected with the t7 polymerase-expressing vaccinia viru ...19968970972
structural analysis of the interaction of the pyrimidine tract-binding protein with the internal ribosomal entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus rnas.initiation of translation of a subset of eukaryotic mrnas results from internal ribosomal entry. this process is exemplified by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), which contains an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) within its 5' nontranslated region that is approximately 450-nt long and consists of a series of stem-loops designated h-l. we have previously identified a cellular 58-kda polypeptide that binds specifically to this ires and that is implicated in its function as the pyrimidine trac ...19968972770
a recombinant, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif from foot-and-mouth disease virus binds mammalian cells through vitronectin and, to a lower extent, fibronectin receptors.the cell-binding abilities of a recombinant, rgd-containing peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have been characterized in hela and bhk cells. this peptide represents the aa sequence of the solvent-exposed g-h loop of protein vp1 which is involved in cell recognition and infection. the efficiency of the viral motif in promoting cell attachment and spreading is comparable to that shown by fibronectin or vitronectin. cell binding is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against ...19968973352
synthetic peptides.efforts to produce more stable and defined vaccines have concentrated on studying, in detail, the immune response to many infectious diseases in order to identify the antigenic sites on the pathogens that are involved in stimulating protective immumty. armed with this knowledge, it is possible to mimic such sites by producing short chains of amino acids (peptides) and to use these as the basis for novel vaccines. the earliest documented work on peptide immunization is actually for a plant virus, ...199621359696
strong buffering capacity of insect cells. implications for the baculovirus expression system.insect cells are widely used for expression of a variety of different proteins by using the baculovirus expression system. the applicability of this system depends on production of proteins which have biological properties similar to their native counterparts. one application has been the expression of viral capsid proteins and their assembly into empty capsid structures to provide new viral immunogens which retain complex antigenic sites. an important parameter for efficient folding and assembl ...199522359206
serological study of type a indian foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates.the antigenic relationship of sixty type a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses isolated between 1968 and 1993 has been determined with reference to a post-vaccinal bovine serum produced against type a ind 17/82. a micro-neutralization test and elisa were used to compare isolates. analysis of the results indicated that there was a positive correlation between the data from the two methods. the study indicated that type a ind 17/82 had a broad immunogenic spectrum and could be considered as a can ...19958825299
assembly of foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsids synthesized by a vaccinia virus expression system.cdna cassettes encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) structural protein precursor (p1-2a) together with the 3c protease, which cleave this molecule to 1ab, 1c and 1d, were constructed. these cassettes were introduced into vaccinia virus (vv) transfer vectors. attempts to isolate recombinant vvs constitutively expressing these cassettes were unsuccessful. however, when the p1-2a-3c cassette was placed under the control of the bacteriophage t7 promoter, stable vv/fmdv recombinants were ...19958847514
hepatitis b virus core particles as epitope carriers.hbv core (hbc) particle is one of the most intensively studied particulate carriers for the insertion of foreign peptide sequences. recombinant hbc protein expressed from the cloned gene undergoes the correct folding in a large variety of bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. unique assembly properties and shape of 30/34-nm hbc particles allow substantial insertions into their primary structure without loss of their capsid-forming ability. n- and c-terminal regions, as well as the immuno ...19958666525
susceptibility of llamas (lama glama) to infection with foot-and-mouth-disease virus.an experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of foot-and-mouth-disease (fmd) virus (serotypes a79, c3, o1) to infect susceptible llamas exposed either directly to affected livestock, or indirectly to llamas that had been directly exposed to affected livestock. in addition, susceptible livestock species (cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep) were exposed to those llamas that had been both directly and indirectly exposed to the fmd virus to further look at potential transmission possibili ...19958594845
detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cattle by assessment of antibody response in oropharyngeal fluids.the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-persistent carriers among convalescent ruminants is of paramount importance in the aftermath of a field outbreak. to this purpose, fmdv-specific antibody should be investigated first, since virus isolation procedures from such carriers are seriously constrained. the complexity of the overall picture may be compounded by possible emergency vaccinations in the affected areas at the beginning of the outbreak. in this case, it is suggested that mu ...19957699071
interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-4b with a picornavirus internal translation initiation site.we studied the interaction of cellular proteins with the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of foot-and-mouth disease virus by uv cross-linking and observed specific binding of a 80-kda protein contained in cytosolic hela cell extract and in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. binding of the protein was dependent on the presence of atp. immunoprecipitation with eif-4b antiserum revealed that the protein is identical to the initiation factor eif-4b. deletions in the 3' part, but not in the 5' part, of t ...19957707504
identification of native foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 2c as a serological indicator to differentiate infected from vaccinated livestock.cattle and pigs which have been vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease can be distinguished from convalescent animals by radio-immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus-induced proteins reacting with the respective sera. baby hamster kidney cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (serotype a24) were labelled with 35s-methionine and the virus-induced proteins were precipitated with sera from vaccinated and subsequently chall ...19958525090
localization of foot and mouth disease virus rna in tissue culture infected cells via in situ polymerase chain reaction.foot and mouth disease virus rna was visualized in infected primary tissue culture cells by in situ pcr incorporating digoxigenin-labeled dutp. the viral rna polymerase gene was used as a target for amplification. infected cells revealed cytoplasmic staining, predominantly perinuclear. the intensity of staining was in proportion to the degree of cytopathology observed and similar to the results obtained using immunoperoxidase staining. the in situ pcr technique for fmdv detection could be applie ...19958530568
sequence identification of antigenic variants in plaque isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates frequently contain mixtures of antigenic variants. using synthetic mixtures of two 'pure' viruses which differed at one amino acid of the major epitope, it was found that a minor component present as 10% or less of the mixture would be undetected by nucleic acid sequencing.19958537465
a highly divergent antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus retains its immunodominance.the ability of a highly divergent antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c to elicit neutralizing antibodies has been evaluated in mice and rabbits. the viruses compared, fmdv c-s8c1 and hr, differ in a single amino acid replacement in their capsid proteins, but represent two extreme antigenic specificities of the major antigenic site a of fmdv type c. both, studies of cross-neutralization of homologous and heterologous virus, and fractionation of site a-specific antib ...19958546800
structure and immunogenicity of experimental foot-and-mouth disease and poliomyelitis vaccines.the physico-chemical properties and immunogenicity of experimental vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and poliomyelitis, prepared by treatment of the viruses with n-acetylethyleneimine (aei), formaldehyde or neutral red, have been studied. none of these reagents affects the rate of sedimentation of the particles or their reaction with antibody against the major immunogenic sites. fmd vaccines prepared by inactivation with aei or neutral red, behaved like the untreated virus, in that t ...19958578849
the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus on wool.five suffolk sheep, held in a high-security isolation room, were exposed for 2 hours to the aerosol of 3 mature pigs that had been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), strain o1-bfs. the fleeces of 3 of the sheep were contaminated with fmdv at 2 days post exposure (dpe), while at 5 dpe the fleeces of all 5 sheep were more extensively, and more heavily, contaminated. the persistence of fmdv on contaminated wool was examined in vitro using multiple 0.5 g samples of merino wool that w ...19958579558
[diagnosis of contagious diseases in animals using pcr].the pcr is used for diagnostic purposes as it allows to detect infections agents within a much shorter time than by cultural isolation. in addition, it can detect non-infectious viruses and bacteria in clinical samples. these advantages are important factors in the diagnosis of highly contagious animal diseases (mainly caused by viruses) since a rapid laboratory diagnosis will allow to take immediate disease control actions. pcr is routinely used at the institute of african and classical swine f ...19958584867
assessment of foot and mouth disease vaccine potency by liquid-phase blocking elisa: a proposal for an alternative to the challenge procedure in argentina.the lowest expected protection (lep) at a 95% confidence of 245 foot and mouth disease (fmd) commercial vaccines was calculated from the titres of liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa (lpelisa) of cattle sera obtained from 3920 animals at 60 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.) and challenged with live virus at 90 d.p.v. it was found that lep evaluation is highly specific (i.e. it is able to predict the failure in 100% of the cases) although its ability to predict the challenge (pg test) approval (i.e ...19958585292
structural comparison of two strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype o1 and a laboratory antigenic variant, g67.foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdvs) are members of the picornavirus family and cause an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals. to understand the structural basis of antigenic variation in fmdv, we have determined the structures of two viruses closely related to strain o1bfs whose structure is known.19958590018
selection of vaccine strains of foot and mouth disease virus for use in southern africa.in the countries of southern africa, types sat 1, sat 2 and sat 3 (sat: southern african territories) of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus are the most widely represented, especially the sat 2 virus. since 1982, examinations have been conducted on 139 isolates of these virus types. other viruses, types o and a, have been detected in the north of this area. the typing and sub-typing of viruses with the complement fixation (cf) test can be improved by using panels of monoclonal antibodies (mabs), ...19958593387
serological comparison of type asia 1 foot and mouth disease virus isolates from thailand.antigenic variation of type asia 1 foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus in thailand was examined using a total of 50 field viruses isolated between 1986 and 1992. a two-dimensional serum neutralisation test was used to calculate r values for comparison of these isolates with a reference vaccine strain, asia 1 bangkok 1960 (bkk/60). viruses were also compared to two field isolates, asia 1 36-2/88 and asia 1 45/88, and some were compared to another vaccine strain, asia 1 nakhon pathom 1984 (npt/84). ...19958593388
serological comparison of type a foot and mouth disease virus isolates from thailand.antigenic variation of type a foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus in thailand was examined using a total of 82 field viruses isolated between 1986 and 1989. a two-dimensional serum microneutralisation test was used to compare these isolates to a reference strain, a15 bangkok 1960 (a bkk/60). viruses regarded as unrelated to a bkk/60 were compared to another reference strain, a22 nakhon pathom 1986 (a npt/86). this approach divided the viruses into two groups. most of the viruses shared a close an ...19958593389
direct evaluation of the immunodominance of a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus in a natural host.the immunodominance of a major antigenic site of foot-to-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (serotype c; clone c-s8c1) in a natural host has been evaluated by serum immunoglobulin fractionation. nineteen sera from either convalescent or vaccinated swine were fractionated by affinity chromatography using a synthetic peptide representing antigenic site a (the g-h loop of capsid protein vp1) coupled to a sepharose matrix. antigen-binding and neutralizing activities of serum fractions were quantitated. on a ...19957831785
characterization of an acid-resistant mutant of foot-and-mouth disease virus.a foot-and-mouth disease virus mutant which is stable at ph 6.4 has been isolated from a virus of serotype a. in contrast to the parent (p) virus, which gave a mixture of large and small plaques in bhk21 cells and in a bovine kidney cell line, the acid-resistant (ar) virus gave small plaques which did not increase markedly in size after 24 hr. the infectivity titer of the acid-resistant virus was about 100-fold lower in suckling mice than in bhk21 cells, whether the inoculation was made intraper ...19957831827
sequences derived from the highly antigenic vp1 region 140 to 160 of foot-and-mouth disease virus do not prime for a bovine t-cell response against intact virus.although vp1 region 140 to 160 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is able to elicit neutralizing antibody in cattle, the protection against virus challenge that is conferred by peptide immunization is often poor. here, we show that bovine t cells primed with peptides derived from this region generally show no reactivity to intact fmdv. in contrast, t-cell epitope vp4[20-34] is able to prime for a virus-specific response.19957769713
neutralizing activity in bovine secretions against foot-and-mouth disease virus. 19957779950
african swine fever interference with foot-and-mouth disease infection and seroconversion in pigs.initial oral infection of pigs with either highly virulent (l-60) or moderately virulent (dr-2) african swine fever virus (asfv), followed in 3 days with exposure to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (tongue inoculation and contact), failed to cause fmdv infection or seroconversion in 18 of 22 l-60-infected pigs and 13 of 34 dr-2-infected pigs. of the 13 dr-2-infected pigs remaining free of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), 2 pigs survived to 24 days without antibody to fmdv, despite constant cont ...19957779962
african swine fever virus infection of skin-derived dendritic cells in vitro causes interference with subsequent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection.highly purified skin-derived dendritic cells (sddcs) isolated from swine skin by a simple novel method were cultured for 24 hours before independent or sequential inoculation with african swine fever virus (asfv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, asfv antigen was detected in 50% of sddcs as early as 1.5 hours postinfection (hpi) and in 80% by 3 hpi when cytopathic effect was noted. cell lysis was detected with fmdv infection as early as 8 hpi ...19957779963
detection and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus in infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction and amplified vp1 sequencing.fast and accurate detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) outbreaks is needed to limit spread of the disease by proper vaccination. the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has revolutionized the way in which viral diseases are diagnosed. sequence analysis of the amplified vp1 sequence can enable the classification of fmd virus detected in the morbid animal. pcr assays were carried out to identify the virus and its serotype in suspect animals from 2 outbreaks of fmd type o virus. sequenc ...19957779964
expression in escherichia coli and purification of biologically active l proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) lb gene was cloned into bacterial expression vectors under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. the lb protein was expressed in both an in vitro transcription-translation system and in escherichia coli. in vitro expression of a construct containing the lb gene fused to a portion of the vp4 and 3d genes demonstrated cis cleavage activity that could be blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor e-64. lb expressed in e. coli was purified from the soluble ...19957785315
antibodies raised in a natural host and monoclonal antibodies recognize similar antigenic features of foot-and-mouth disease virus.swine polyclonal antibodies directed against a major antigenic site (site a) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c, and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which recognize different epitopes within this site, have been compared with regard to reactivity with a panel of synthetic peptides. the peptides used represent different segments or variant sequences of site a, and their reactivities reflect differences in antigenic specificity. the results indicate a remarkable immunochemical simil ...19957793064
serial passage in tissue culture of mixed foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes.the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus field specimen sau/8/88 was previously shown to consist of a mixture of o and asia 1 serotypes [15]. in this study, plaques representing the o and asia 1 components isolated from the original epithelial virus suspension were used to construct mixtures of known ratios, and these were serially passaged in tissue culture. after each passage, the ratio of o to asia 1 virus was calculated. the two virus populations were shown to be cycling through time. this cyc ...19957794118
ompa fusion proteins for presentation of foreign antigens on the bacterial outer membrane.the ompa genes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae have been used to construct a group of enterobacterial surface expression vectors for foreign genes. linker oligonucleotides were inserted into the sequence corresponding to the third or fourth outer domain to allow in-frame sandwich fusion of foreign genes or epitopes into ompa. influenza haemagglutinin was inserted without its leader peptide and anchor sequences and shown to be transferred as an ompa fusion protein to the bacterial su ...19957796962
a review of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 19957867727
genome variation in the sat types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses prevalent in buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park and other regions of southern africa, 1986-93.dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of a portion of the 1d gene of sat-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) was used to derive phylogenetic relationships between viruses recovered from the oesophageo-pharyngeal secretions of buffalo in the kruger national park as well as several other wildlife areas in southern africa. the three serotypes differed from one another by more than 40% while intratypic variation did not exceed 29%. within each type, isolates from particular countries were more closel ...19957867739
proteolytic cleavage of initiation factor eif-4 gamma in the reticulocyte lysate inhibits translation of capped mrnas but enhances that of uncapped mrnas.infection of cells with the foot-and-mouth-disease virus, a member of the picornavirus family, results in the shut-off of host protein synthesis. a major contributory mechanism is the proteolytic destruction of the gamma subunit of the complex eif-4, which functions in translation to promote the binding of the 43s ribosomal preinitiation complex to the 5' end of the cellular mrna molecules bearing a 5' terminal cap structure. picornavirus rna molecules, which are uncapped, use a distinct mechani ...19957885827
foot-and-mouth disease virus undergoes restricted replication in macrophage cell cultures following fc receptor-mediated adsorption.we have previously reported that foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can enter an fc receptor (fcr)-expressing cell line by antibody-dependent enhancement. since fmdv can establish a persistent infection in animals in the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies (carrier state), we examined macrophages for their ability to be infected by the virus in the presence of antibody. the murine macrophage cell line p388d1 or porcine macrophage-monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were incu ...19957886954
viral rna modulates the acid sensitivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsids.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) manifests an extreme sensitivity to acid, which is thought to be important for entry of the rna genome into the cell. we have compared the low-ph-induced disassembly in vitro of virions and natural empty capsids of three subtypes of serotype a fmdv by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. for all three subtypes (a22 iraq 24/64, a10(61), and a24 cruzeiro), the empty capsid was more stable by 0.5 ph unit on average than t ...19957983739
functional analysis of the two alternative translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the effect of deletion of each of the two authentic polyprotein translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus on viral protein synthesis and replication was analyzed. deletion of either the first or the second initiation site led to the expression of only one form of the leader protein, l or l', respectively, but in vitro processing of the viral polyprotein and cleavage of eif-4 gamma were not affected by either deletion. whereas rna in which the first translation initiation site ...19957983755
cyclic peptides as conformationally restricted models of viral antigens: application to foot-and-mouth disease virus.conformationally restricted cyclic peptide mimics of the antigenic site a of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype c-s8c1 have been designed, first by comparison to the three-dimensional structure of the o1bfs serotype, later more accurately on the basis of x-ray diffraction data from a complex between a linear peptide reproducing site a and an fmdv-derived monoclonal antibody fab fragment. a variety of cyclization strategies have been attempted, both in solution and in the solid phase, involvin ...19959346844
improved mimicry of a foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic site by a viral peptide displayed on beta-galactosidase surface.a major antigenic site (site a) of foot-and-mouth disease virus includes multiple overlapping epitopes located within the flexible g-h loop of capsid protein vp1. we have studied the antigenicity of several recombinant e. coli beta-galactosidases displaying the site a from a serotype c virus in different surface regions of the bacterial enzyme. in each one of the explored insertion sites, the recombinant peptide shows different specificity with a set of anti-virus monoclonal antibodies directed ...19959634810
deconvolution of fully overlapped reflections from crystals of foot-and-mouth disease virus o1 g67.foot-and-mouth disease virus o(1) g67 forms crystals that appear similar to those of the closely related viruses o(1)k and o(1)bfs, both of which belong to space group i23. statistical disorder in the o(1) g67 crystals means, however, that the measured diffraction data possess higher symmetry consistent with point group 432. it is shown that this is due to intimate twinning, with mosaic blocks randomly distributed between the two orientations. this results in a twofold loss of information due to ...199515299317
antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (integrin alpha v beta 3) inhibit binding and infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus to cultured cells.the amino acid sequence arg-gly-asp (rgd) is highly conserved on the vp1 proteins of different serotypes and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and is essential for cell attachment. this sequence is also found in certain extracellular matrix proteins that bind to a family of cell surface receptors called integrins. within the picornaviridae family, enterovirus coxsackievirus a9 also has an rgd motif on its vp1 capsid protein and has recently been shown to utilize the vitronectin rec ...19957533862
the influence of mhc polymorphism on the selection of t-cell determinants of fmdv in cattle.there is a quest for the development of a new generation of vaccines consisting of well-defined subunit antigens. for a number of practical reasons it is attractive to develop vaccines on the basis of synthetic peptides. however, their efficacy may be limited by genetic restrictions imposed on t-cell recognition via major histocompatibility complex (mhc) polymorphism, as shown by many studies using inbred animal species. to study the effect of mhc polymorphism in an outbred species, we selected ...19957534267
structure of the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus complexed with a neutralizing antibody: direct involvement of the arg-gly-asp motif in the interaction.the crystal structure of a synthetic peptide representing the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), complexed with the fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody raised against the virus, has been determined at 2.8 a resolution. the peptide shows a high degree of internal structure with a nearly cyclic conformation. the conserved arg-gly-asp motif, involved in the viral attachment of aphtoviruses to cells, participates directly in the interaction with several compl ...19957537661
response of foot-and-mouth disease virus c3 resende to immunological pressure exerted in vitro by antiviral polyclonal sera.the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) shows a remarkable antigenic variability. like other rna viruses, fmdv has a high mutation rate and it has been proposed that selection exerted by antibodies of the host could play a major role in its evolution. in this work, antiserum-resistant variants of fmdv (nr variants) were selected upon 25 serial passages of a cloned c3 resende strain on secondary monolayers of fetal bovine kidney (fbk-2) cells in the presence of subneutralizing levels of antiviral ...19957542827
antigenic analysis of sat 2 serotype foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies.this paper compares strains of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) serotype sat (south african territories) 2 viruses isolated from zimbabwe and other african countries using monoclonal antibodies (mab). a sandwich-elisa was used to examine the relative binding of anti-sat 2 mab to the various viruses. the mab-binding profiles of viruses isolated from field samples were compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. viruses were obtained from game animals, mainly african buffalo (syncerus caffer) which ...19957543860
[susceptibility of picornaviruses++ to an antiviral of plant origin (meliacin)].meliacine, a peptide associated with antiviral activity isolated from the high plant melia azedarach l (ma) inhibits the replication of different strains of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) and poliovirus in bhk-21 or vero cells, respectively, infected at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 1. a leaf extract of ma, containing meliacine was added to the culture medium after virus adsorption and maintained up to virus harvest (18 hs). fmdv o1 campos and o69 strains showed 60% and 52% inhibi ...19957568867
a 10-amino-acid linear sequence of vp1 of foot and mouth disease virus containing b- and t-cell epitopes induces protection in mice.the area of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) comprising residues 140 and 160 of capsid protein vp1 has been used extensively as an immunogen in natural and experimental hosts. a detailed epitope mapping of this region, however, has not been reported. for this purpose a synthetic peptide containing the residues 135 to 160 (p135-160) of vp1 of fmdv o1 campos was analyzed for its t- and b-cell epitopes. the p135-160 is highly immunogenic, either by itself or coupled to a carrier protein (bsa), e ...19957571431
inactivation of viruses in liquid manure.the stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. the authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. recommendations and practical advice are given for the choice and application of chemical disinfectants for slu ...19957579641
use of disinfectants in zoos and game parks.disinfection is used in the animal quarters of zoos and game parks as an adjunct to physical cleaning and the removal of potentially contaminated materials. disinfection is particularly useful in reducing infection risks in young animal nursery facilities, and in routine cleaning operations of animal quarters and feeding utensils. specific disinfectants may be selected for certain known microbial contaminants following an infectious disease outbreak. for example, premises contaminated by foot an ...19957579642
m7gpppg cap dependence for efficient translation of drosophila 70-kda heat-shock-protein (hsp70) mrna.to investigate whether preferential translation of the heat-shock mrnas occurs via cap-independent translation, the requirement for the m7gpppg cap structure for efficient translation of 70-kda heat-shock-protein (hsp70) mrna was quantified by in vitro translation and by in vivo translation following electroporation. hsp70 mrna was transcribed in vitro with and without a cap structure. translation in the rabbit reticulocyte or wheat germ lysate was reduced about 70% when the cap was absent. for ...19957588716
a recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen inhibits dna replication and triggers the sos response in escherichia coli.the 3d gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus encodes the viral rna dependent rna polymerase, also called virus infection associated (via) antigen, which is the most important serological marker of virus infection. this 3d gene from a serotype c1 virus has been cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli under the control of the strong lambda lytic promoters. the resulting 51 kda recombinant protein has been shown to be immunoreactive with sera from infected animals. after induction of gene expre ...19957607396
identification of the active-site residues of the l proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) leader (l) protein is involved in autocatalytic cleavage at the l/p1 junction and in the cleavage of translation initiation factor p220, a subunit of the cap-binding protein complex. it has been suggested that this proteinase has homology to the papain-like family of cysteine proteinases, and from this information, we have investigated the active-site residues by introducing specific mutations into the l gene. mutations of cys-23 to ala or his-120 to leu r ...19957609064
[the use of a carboxymethylcellulose coating for titrating the foot-and-mouth disease virus by the plate-culture method]. 19957620781
bovine t cells preferentially recognize non-viral spacer epitopes in a putative fmdv vaccinal peptide.in a group of immunized cattle with a variety of mhc class ii types, t-cell responses were detected to a synthetic peptide (fmdv15) proposed as a basis for a vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. this peptide combines the loop region of vp1 with the c-terminal sequence connected by a spacer (pps). two major immunodominant regions of fmdv15 for bovine t cells were detected, one within the loop region and the other around the spacer. a substantial proportion of the t-cell response to fmdv15 was ...19957625121
the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase gene is not required for viral replication.the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) leader (l) proteinase has only two known functions: (i) autocatalytic removal from the n terminus of the viral polyprotein and (ii) cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4f complex, which helps to shut off host protein synthesis. cleavage of p220 appears to be important for picornavirus replication, since rhinoviruses and enteroviruses utilize a different proteinase (2a) to cleave p220. to explore the role of l in fmdv replicatio ...19957636982
receptor binding site-deleted foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus protects cattle from fmd.binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to cells requires an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) sequence in the capsid protein vp1. we have genetically engineered an fmdv in which these three amino acids have been deleted, producing a virus particle which is unable to bind to cells. cattle vaccinated with these receptor binding site-deleted virions were protected from disease when challenged with a virulent virus, demonstrating that these rgd-deleted viruses could serve as the basis for ...19957637023
ultrastructural and replicative features of foot-and-mouth disease virus in persistently infected bhk-21 cells.persistent foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus infection in vitro has been studied in a chronically infected cloned bhk-21 cell line. virus growth during serial cell passages was followed by infectivity assay and immunocytochemical staining. only a small percentage of cells (0.006-6%) was found to harbour virus during persistence. light and electron microscopy showed the presence of cytoplasmic protuberances ("blebs") at the surface of persistently infected cells. the curing of cell cultures was ...19957646338
mapping of functional domains in eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4g (eif4g) with picornaviral proteases. implications for cap-dependent and cap-independent translational initiation.cap-dependent binding of mrna to the 40 s ribosomal subunit during translational initiation requires the association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g; formerly eif-4 gamma and p220) with other initiation factors, notably eif4e, eif4a, and eif3. infection of cells by picornaviruses results in proteolytic cleavage of eif4g and generation of a cap-independent translational state. rhinovirus 2a protease and foot-and-mouth-disease virus l protease were used to analyze the association of eif4 ...19957665619
enhanced immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of retro-inverso peptidomimetics of the major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus.retro-inverso analogues of peptides corresponding to the major antigenic site 141-159 of vp1 from two foot-and-mouth disease virus variants have been synthesized and tested for their antigenic and immunogenic properties. antibodies to the l- and retro-inverso peptides were produced by injecting rabbits with peptides covalently coupled to small unilamellar liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid a as adjuvant. when compared to the antibody response raised against the l-peptides, the duration of ...19957670228
effect of cleavage of the p220 subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif-4f on protein synthesis in vitro. 19957672346
detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in nasal swabs of asymptomatic cattle by rt-pcr within 24 hours.a method for extracting rna from animal-derived materials that provides foot-and-mouth disease viral template suitable for tth polymerase-dependent synthesis of cdna and subsequent pcr is described. viral genomes were detected in less than 24 h. nasal swabs that can be easily and repeatedly collected, proved suitable for virus detection by pcr, even during the asymptomatic stages of infection.19957673392
effect of expression of the aphthovirus protease 3c on viral infection and gene expression.cells transformed with specific regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome have been constructed and analyzed with respect to viability and susceptibility to fmdv infection. constitutive expression of an active protease 3c under the control of the tk promoter has been documented by the ability of transformed cells to catalyze the processing of a p1 capsid precursor. high-level, transient expression but not low-level, constitutive expression, of 3c caused a 10-fold reduction in the ...19957676620
[cloning fragments of the rna polymerase gene of an attenuated variant of the foot-and-mouth disease virus a22].the cdna fragments complementary to rna-polymerase gene and 3'-untranslated genome region of attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus strain a(22)645 have been synthesized and cloned into a plasmid vector puc19 in e. coli jm109. the cloned cdna fragments were characterized as to their size, orientation towards the plasmid, and localization in the virus genome. restriction maps for complete gene and two cdna clones were constructed.19957477032
picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments: comparison of translation efficiency and the requirements for optimal internal initiation of translation in vitro.on the basis of primary sequence comparisons and secondary structure predictions, picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments (ireses) have been divided into three groups (entero- and rhinoviruses; cardio- and and aphthoviruses; and hepatitis a virus). here, we describe a detailed comparison of the ability of ireses from each group to direct internal initiation of translation in vitro using a single dicistronic mrna (the only variable being the ires inserted into the dicistronic region). we st ...19957478993
identification of critical amino acids within the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader protein, a cysteine protease.the leader protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the first component of the virus polyprotein. it is synthesized in two forms, lab and lb, both of which display the ability to cleave the l/p1 junction in trans and to induce the cleavage of the cap-binding complex component eif-4g (p220). the l protease has weak homology to the family of cysteine proteases, which have a catalytic dyad composed of a cysteine and a histidine. mutations have been introduced into fmdv cdna to modify each ...19957483257
foot and mouth disease virus replication in bovine skin langerhans cells under in vitro conditions detected by rt-pcr.the replication of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) was studied in isolated bovine skin langerhans cells (lc), in keratinocytes from epidermal cell suspension, and in migrating lc obtained from cultured bovine epidermal sheets in vitro. viral rna replication in infected cells was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) of the negative fmdv rna strand and by the plaque forming assay of fmdv. it was established that bovine skin lc, keratinocytes, and migratory ...19957483289
immune response of calves to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine emulsified with oil adjuvant. strategies of vaccination.calves born to vaccinated cows under the regular annual vaccination programme were vaccinated at different ages using commercial quadrivalent (01, a79, a87 and c85 fmdv strains) vaccine emulsified in oil adjuvant. the antibody responses of vaccinated calves were evaluated using liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa. all calves 20, 30 and 40 days old having high maternal antibody titres responded well to vaccination. moreover, 25-57% of vaccinated calves showed protective antibody titres both at 9 ...19957483763
isotype profiles induced in balb/c mice during foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus infection or immunization with different fmd vaccine formulations.the igg isotype response in balb/c mice infected with fmdv or immunized with different vaccine formulations using inactivated virus particles as antigen was analyzed at various times post-inoculation. for this purpose an elisa based on polyclonal antibodies for detection and quantification of mouse igg isotypes with fmd virus (fmdv) specificity was developed. three immunomodulators, which have been shown to be very effective in inducing strong and long-lasting antibody responses (bahnemann, arch ...19957483770
antigenic variants in a plaque-isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus: implications for vaccine production.the occurrence of many subtypes within a serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) makes it difficult to control the disease by vaccination. although inactivated vaccines are used successfully in many countries, the appearance in the field of antigenic variants against which the vaccines do not confer protection is a constant problem in vaccine manufacture. we had found previously a mixture of antigenic variants in a field isolate of serotype a12. in this report we demonstrate the presence ...19957483796
in vitro synthesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus specific antibodies by porcine leukocytes.we have characterized the in vitro secondary antibody response to fmdv of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from immunized pigs. the results obtained indicated that primed swine leukocytes can support an in vitro t-b cell cooperation which is functional and leads to the production of viral specific antibodies. the response was shown to be independent of viral replication, being induced by both infective and inactivated virus as well as by recombinant polypeptides vp1 and vp3. in all case ...19957487496
pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in swine, studied by in-situ hybridization.eight 7-month-old pigs were inoculated intradermally with 10(3) plaque-forming units of foot-and-mouth disease virus, type o, and killed 24, 48, 72, or 96 h later. numerous tissues from each animal were collected and examined histopathologically and by in-situ hybridization to determine the presence of virus and its correlation with lesion development. the probe for in-situ hybridization was a biotinylated 500-base negative-sense transcription product corresponding to a portion of the gene encod ...19957490337
identification of the active-site residues of the 3c proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus.to identify the active-site residues of the 3c proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), we introduced mutations into the 3c coding region and examined the activity of mutant enzymes on various substrates. based on alignment of fmdv 3c with other picornavirus 3c proteinases and with the trypsin family of serine proteinases, mutations were introduced at residues presumed to be part of the catalytic triad, involved in substrate binding, or present in nonconserved regions. wild-type and mu ...19957491782
quantification of whole virus particles (146s) of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence of virus subunits (12s), using monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich elisa.this paper describes a method for the specific quantification of whole virions of foot-and-mouth disease (146s) in the presence of virus subunits (12s). the method involves the use of virus neutralising monoclonal antibodies directed against a linear epitope of the vp1 loop region of a type o virus. the monoclonal antibodies were used as both capture and detecting reagents (labelled with horse radish peroxidase) in a sandwich elisa. such monoclonal antibodies also have the advantage that they do ...19957491813
inducible expression of the p, v, and np genes of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 in cell lines and an examination of np-p and np-v interactions.the p, v, and np genes of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were cloned such that their expression was regulated by the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (m. gossen and h. bujard, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:5547-5551, 1992), and mammalian cell lines that inducibly expressed individually the p, v, or np protein or coexpressed the p plus np or v plus np proteins were isolated. a plasmid that expresses the tetracycline-controlled transactivator linked, via the foot-and-mouth disease vi ...19957494313
protective effect of lidocaine in the experimental foot-and-mouth disease pancreatitis.experimental infection of mice with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induces a necrotizing pancreatitis of the exocrinar portion of the organ. the lesions are characterized by vascular congestion, edema and interstitial polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) infiltrates. when infected mice were treated with different amounts of lidocaine (a local anesthetic, chemically defined as a tertiary amide compound), reduction in intensity of the pancreatic necrosis and in the number of pmn were observed. e ...19957498445
molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in israel in 1994 and in other middle-eastern countries in the years 1992-1994.the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and direct sequencing were employed in the diagnosis and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in samples taken during the 1994 disease outbreak in israel. using pcr, virus isolation and serological methods it was shown that the 1994 disease outbreak in israel and other middle-eastern countries was caused by o1 type virus. direct pcr sequencing of vp1 genes and homology analysis of the virus isolates revealed that there were tw ...19957503679
rapid detection and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus by restriction enzyme and nucleotide sequence analysis of pcr products.reverse transcription coupled with pcr was used for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes a, c, and o in organ extracts from experimentally infected cattle. primers were selected from conserved sequences flanking the genome region coding for the major antigenic site of the capsid located in the c-terminal part of viral protein 1 (vp1). because this region of the capsid is highly variable its coding sequence is considered to be the most appropriate for the characterization of vi ...19957714205
comparative between-laboratory trials of the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa for the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus.fifty bovine serum samples were tested for the presence or amounts of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus serotypes a, o and c by the liquid-phase blocking sandwich elisa (lpb-elisa) using reagents prepared by the world reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (wrl) in pirbright, u.k. twenty of the sera had been collected before extensive vaccination with a commercial inactivated trivalent fmd vaccine was ceased and the remaining thirty originated from animals which had not b ...19957716862
optimization of an in situ hybridization technique for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in bovine tissues using the digoxigenin system.an in situ hybridization technique has been optimised for use on paraffin-embedded sections of tissues collected from cattle infected experimentally with foot-and-mouth disease virus type o1bfs. tissue was collected 5 days after infection by direct contact. in situ hybridization was carried out using an rna probe corresponding to a region of the 3d gene which codes for the rna polymerase, and labelled with digoxigenin. consistent, reproducible signal was detected within the epithelial layers of ...19957730440
cleavage of transcripts of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), asia1 serotype, by ribozymes targeted to the vp3 and vp4 genes.two ribozyme genes were designed to cut within the vp4 and vp3 sequences of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) asia1 serotype genome. the two genes were synthesized and cloned into pbluescript under the control of the t3 promoter. the ribozyme designed to cut the vp4 gene contained two catalytic sequences targeted to two guc triplets that are 16 bases apart. the second ribozyme, intended to cut vp3, contained one catalytic sequence. ribozymes obtained from run-off transcription from both plasmi ...19957732660
foot-and-mouth disease virus lb proteinase can stimulate rhinovirus and enterovirus ires-driven translation and cleave several proteins of cellular and viral origin.rhinovirus and enterovirus 2a proteinases stimulate translation initiation driven from the cognate internal ribosome entry segment (ires) (s. j. hambidge and p. sarnow, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:10272-10276, 1992; h.-d. liebig, e. ziegler, r. yan, k. hartmuth, h. klump, h. kowalski, d. blaas, w. sommergruber, l. frasel, b. lamphear, r. rhoads, e. kuechler, and t. skern, biochemistry 32:7581-7588, 1993). given the functional similarities between the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) l prote ...19957745693
large deletions in the 5'-untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype c.nucleotide sequences of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), at the 3'-side of the poly c tract, have been compared for 21 isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) of serotype c from europe, south america and the philippines. a deletion of 43 nucleotides is present in the european isolates as compared with most american isolates. a larger deletion of 86 nucleotides is present in some viruses from south america and the philippines. these deletions include the loss of one or two pseudoknot ...19957762289
immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus grown in bhk-21 suspension cells. correlation with cell ploidy alterations and abnormal expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin.bhk-21 suspension cells were characterized with regard to genetic and phenotypic features which might adversely affect the immunogenic properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) grown therein. a positive correlation was found between number of passages in suspension culture and both prevalence of polyploid cells and reduced cell growth on surfaces. suspension cells also revealed differences in the expression of rgd-specific integrins and, in particular, of alpha 5 beta 1, which was shown ...19947511862
unprocessed foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid precursor displays discontinuous epitopes involved in viral neutralization.a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cdna cassette containing sequences encoding the capsid precursor p1, peptide 2a and a truncated 2b (abbreviated p1-2a) of type c fmdv, has been modified to generate the authentic amino terminus and the myristoylation signal. this construct has been used to produce a recombinant baculovirus (acmm53) which, upon infection of spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, expressed a recombinant p1-2a precursor with a high yield. this polyprotein reacted with neutralizing ...19947515974
vaccines prepared from chimeras of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity to multiple serotypes of fmdv.the g-h loop of vp1 (residues 132 to 159) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a prominent feature on the virion surface and has an important role in vaccine efficacy, generation of antigenic variants, and cell binding. using an infectious cdna of fmdv, we have constructed serotype a viruses in which the g-h loop has been substituted with the homologous sequences from serotype o or c. these chimeric viruses replicated to high titer and displayed plaque morphologies similar to those of wild- ...19947523697
antigenic specificity of porcine t cell response against foot-and-mouth disease virus structural proteins: identification of t helper epitopes in vp1.the contribution of each of the viral capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in the t cell response of vaccinated pigs has been studied. viral polypeptides, vp1 to vp4, were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli, and were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells of vaccinated animals. significant, dose-dependent responses to whole virion were detected in the seven animals analyzed and, in five of them, responses to recombinant polypeptides vp1, vp2, and vp3 ...19947526534
effect of adjuvant formulations on the induction of virus-neutralizing and virus-binding antibodies by chemosynthetic peptides of vp1 of foot-and-mouth-disease virus.synthetic peptides corresponding to the 141-160 amino acid sequence of the protein vp1 of virus type o1 kaufbeuren (o1k) and a5 riems (a5r) were conjugated to thyroglobulin and mixed with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) together with quil a. although the peptide of a5r, together with ifa and quil a, or with cfa, elicited a high antibody response to the virus in the elisa, formula containing both ifa and quil a induced only high titres of virus-neutralizing ...19947985430
insertion of a 27 amino acid viral peptide in different zones of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase: effects on the enzyme activity.seven internal, putatively exposed regions of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase have been explored regarding their tolerance to insertions of large foreign peptides. small sequence modifications, including amino acid substitutions and small deletions, were introduced into the lacz gene to generate unique bamhi restriction sites. by using these mutant genes, a 27 amino acid stretch reproducing the hypervariable loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus vp1 protein (site a) was further inserted in pr ...19947988875
immunogenicity of non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus: differences between infected and vaccinated swine.non-structural as well as vp1 recombinant proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) produced in e. coli, have been used to study the specific antibody response of infected or vaccinated swine. an analysis of sera from infected pigs, using a direct elisa, showed that polypeptide 3abc (spanning non-structural proteins 3a, 3b and 3c) was the most antigenic among the recombinant proteins studied and allowed specific detection of fmdv infected swine from the second week after the infection. the ...19948002780
[synthesis of new fragments of vp1 protein fragments from foot and mouth disease virus type a22. synthesis of fragments 134-139, 134-145, 140-145, 150-155, and 150-159].fragments 134-145 and 150-159 of the antigenic-region of the vp1 protein of the a22 foot-and-mouth disease virus were synthesized by classic methods of peptide chemistry with isobutyl chloroformate as a coupling reagent. after purification by hplg and amino acid analysis, the free peptides h-gly-lys-tyr-ser-ala-gly-gly-leu-gly-arg-arg-gly-oh and h-leu-ala-ala-arg-val-ala-lys-gln-leu-pro-oh were conjugated with bsa by means of n,n-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. the conjugates were used, with complete ...19948003043
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2701 - 2800 of 4462