Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| quickvue influenza test for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in a pediatric population. | the performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay, the quickvue influenza test, for detection of influenza a and b viruses in comparison with that of cell culture was evaluated by using nasopharyngeal aspirates, in viral transport medium, from children with respiratory tract infections. the sensitivity and specificity were 79.2 and 82.6%, respectively. | 2002 | 12093698 |
| bedside diagnosis of influenzavirus infections in hospitalized children. | for preventing nosocomial influenza infections and to facilitate prompt antiviral therapy, an accessible, rapid diagnostic method for influenzavirus is needed. we evaluated the performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay (quickvue influenza test) completed at the bedside of hospitalized children during the influenza season. | 2002 | 12093950 |
| influenza virus infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients. | solid organ transplant (sot) recipients have been reported to be more susceptible to influenza virus. however, little is known about the clinical epidemiology and the implications of influenza viral infection among sot recipients. | 2002 | 12096793 |
| influenza activity in china: 1998-1999. | during 1989-1999, influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes and b type viruses were still co-circulating in human population in china, while influenza a (h3n2) virus was predominant strain. the two antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of influenza b virus were also still co-circulating in men in southern china. the antigenic analysis indicated that most of the h3n2 viruses were a/panama/2007/99 (h3n2)-like strain, the most of the h1n1 viruses were antigenically similar to a/beijing/262 ... | 2002 | 12110253 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of 4-guanidino-7-substituted neu5ac2en derivatives. | substitution of 7-oh by small hydrophobic groups on zanamivir resulted in the retaining of low nanomolar inhibitory activities against not only influenza a virus sialidase but also influenza a virus in cell culture. these compounds were prepared by treatment of the corresponding 7-substituted sialic acids derived from 4-modified n-acetyl-d-mannosamine (mannac) using enzyme-catalyzed aldol condensation. | 2002 | 12113809 |
| human influenza viruses activate an interferon-independent transcription of cellular antiviral genes: outcome with influenza a virus is unique. | we examine the ifn-alpha/beta-independent activation of cellular transcription that constitutes an early antiviral response of cells against influenza a and b viruses, which cause widespread epidemics in humans. we show that influenza b virus induces the synthesis in human cells of several mature mrnas encoded by genes containing an ifn-alpha/beta-stimulated response element (isre). consequently, the ifn regulatory factor-3 transcription factor, which is required for the transcription of isre-co ... | 2002 | 12114540 |
| superoxide anion production by granulocytes incubated with hela 229 cells persistently infected with influenza virus b/lee/40. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether granulocytes can be primed to produce superoxide anion by incubation with cells persistently infected with influenza viruses. | 2002 | 12145537 |
| emergence of an influenza b virus with antigenic change. | influenza b virus yamagata group strains, isolated in the 2000 to 2001 influenza epidemic season, reacted poorly to the polyclonal ferret sera prepared against strains isolated earlier. the results of genetic analysis clarified that a point mutation of the nucleotide at position 126 in the ha1 region and the corresponding one-amino-acid substitution altered viral antigenicity. | 2002 | 12149383 |
| rescue of influenza b virus from eight plasmids. | influenza b virus causes a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, yet the systems to produce high yield inactivated vaccines for these viruses have lagged behind the development of those for influenza a virus. we have established a plasmid-only reverse genetics system for the generation of recombinant influenza b virus that facilitates the generation of vaccine viruses without the need for time consuming coinfection and selection procedures currently required to produce reassortants. we ... | 2002 | 12172012 |
| influenza vaccines in adults. | available influenza vaccines contain inactivated viruses, either whole or in parts, and are administered parenterally or intranasally. their composition varies yearly because of viral antigenic shifts and drifts. vaccines with a composition matching yearly world health organization recommendations are 72% [95% confidence interval (ci) = 54-83%] efficacious (prevention of influenza cases caused by influenza viruses a and b). their effectiveness [capacity to prevent clinical influenza, or influenz ... | 2002 | 12181373 |
| economic analysis of influenza vaccination and antiviral treatment for healthy working adults. | physicians have several treatment options for influenza, including vaccination and various antiviral therapies. however, the optimal influenza prevention and treatment strategy is unknown. | 2002 | 12186512 |
| human metapneumovirus as a cause of community-acquired respiratory illness. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently identified paramyxovirus first isolated from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti). we sought evidence of hmpv infection in patients who had visited general practitioners, had influenzalike illnesses (ili), and had negative tests for influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). as part of national virologic surveillance, sentinel general practices in england and wales collected samples from patients of all ages ... | 2002 | 12194763 |
| influenza burden of illness: estimates from a national prospective survey of household contacts in france. | the burden of influenza among ambulatory patients is still relatively unknown, although this knowledge is crucial for evaluating strategies against influenza. we estimated the impact of influenza in terms of uncomplicated morbidity and its consequences on health care utilization and lost workdays. | 2002 | 12196082 |
| evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay (directigen flu a+b) for simultaneous and differential detection of influenza a and b virus antigens from respiratory samples. | we report a prospective evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay (eia) method for the direct, rapid, qualitative, simultaneous, and differential detection of the influenza a (ia) and b (ib) virus antigen in different respiratory samples. the eia method was compared with the shell vial culture system (mdck cell line) used with the same samples. we studied 160 samples from 93 (58.1%) pediatric patients (hospital emergency room) and from 67 (41.9%) adult patients (sentinel network). seventy- ... | 2002 | 12202608 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2001. | surveillance of influenza in australia in 2001 was based on data from national and state-based sentinel practice consultations for influenza-like illness, laboratory isolations of influenza virus and absenteeism rates from a national employer. in 2001, laboratory-confirmed influenza became a notifiable disease and was reported to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system (nndss). influenza a was the dominant type, 81 per cent of which were subtype h1n1 and 19 per cent were subtype h3n ... | 2002 | 12206371 |
| histologic and in situ viral findings in the myocardium in cases of sudden, unexpected death. | the purpose of this study was to do in situ viral detection in myocardial tissues of individuals who suffered sudden unexpected death and to correlate the results with the postmortem histopathologic findings. thirteen cases were identified and the heart tissues were analyzed for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), influenza a, influenza b, parvovirus, rotavirus, picornavirus (including separate primers for enterov ... | 2002 | 12218208 |
| additional inhibitory effect of tea extract on the growth of influenza a and b viruses in mdck cells. | it has been previously reported that green-tea extract (gte) inhibits the growth of influenza virus by preventing its adsorption. in this study, we further investigated whether gte exerts an additional inhibitory effect on the acidification of intracellular compartments such as endosomes and lysosomes (referred to as els) and thereby inhibits the growth of influenza a and b viruses in madin-darby canine kidney cells. the vital fluorescence microscopic study showed that gte inhibited acidificatio ... | 2002 | 12222936 |
| dual infection with influenza a and b viruses. | a throat swab from a 7-year-old child with a mild influenza-like illness was cultured for respiratory viruses by standard and rapid plate culture methods. standard culture yielded influenza b, whereas influenza a was obtained from rapid plate culture. testing of the original sample by pcr confirmed the presence of both viruses. a surveillance program (viral watch) for respiratory viruses showed cocirculation of both these viruses in the community during this period. | 2002 | 12233716 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |
| [influenza in poland in 2000]. | in 2000 the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ili) registered in poland amounted to 1,596,920 (68.1% of 1999 cases). the highest influenza incidence was reported in łódzkie voivodship (9,388.8 cases per 100,000). among children aged 0 to 14 years the number of influenza and ili cases amounted to 408,495 (incidence 5,518.8 cases per 100,000) and was 25.5% of the total number of cases recorded in 2000. the number of patients referred to hospital was 7,028 and 358 persons die ... | 2002 | 12371358 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, june-september, 2002. | during june-september 2002, influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses circulated worldwide and were associated with mild to moderate levels of disease activity. influenza b viruses predominated in africa, and both influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses circulated widely in asia, oceania, and latin america, except in chile and taiwan, where a (h1) viruses predominated. in north america, sporadic isolates of influenza a (h3n2), a (h1), and b viruses were identified. this report summarizes influenza activity in t ... | 2002 | 12375689 |
| [the 2001/2002 influenza season and the vaccine composition for the 2002/2003 season]. | the epidemic in the influenza season 2001/2002 was of moderate activity just like in 2000/2001. the influenza epidemic started in week 2 of 2002 when the clinical influenza activity reported by the general practitioner network of the netherlands institute of primary health care (nivel) increased. this was caused by influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype in particular. all influenza a viruses of this subtype were closely related to the vaccine strain for this subtype, a/moscow/10/99. influenza b ... | 2002 | 12382372 |
| a reverse genetics approach for recovery of recombinant influenza b viruses entirely from cdna. | the recovery of recombinant influenza a virus entirely from cdna was recently described (9, 19). we adapted the technique for engineering influenza b virus and generated a mutant bearing an amino acid change e116g in the viral neuraminidase which was resistant in vitro to the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir. the method also facilitates rapid isolation of single-gene reassortants suitable as vaccine seeds and will aid further investigations of unique features of influenza b virus. | 2002 | 12388735 |
| influenza review and outlook. 2002-2003, with additional considerations for differentiation from inhalation anthrax. | 2002 | 12400233 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, june-september, 2002. | 2002 | 12400538 | |
| utility of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of concomitant influenza a and b in a complex continuing care population. | to describe compliance with and the safety and prophylactic efficacy of zanamivir among patients at risk of developing influenza-related complications after exposure to both influenza a and b viruses. | 2002 | 12400891 |
| cryopreserved cell monolayers for rapid detection of herpes simplex virus and influenza virus. | cryopreserved cell monolayers are a new cell culture technology intended to ensure the availability of cells in the laboratory for virus detection. two cryopreserved cell monolayers, elvis for the detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and r-mix for the detection of influenza virus, were evaluated. the results indicated that fresh and cryopreserved cell monolayers are comparable in sensitivity for the detection of hsv and influenza virus. the cells retain the same level of sensitivity for up to ... | 2002 | 12409415 |
| practical and sensitive screening strategy for detection of influenza virus. | this study evaluated the performance of directigen flua combined with a 3-day flu screening culture for the detection of influenza virus. this abbreviated protocol was a useful and effective tool and resulted in a substantial reduction in time, effort, and money spent, while not compromising sensitivity of influenza virus detection. | 2002 | 12409430 |
| surveillance for influenza--united states, 1997-98, 1998-99, and 1999-00 seasons. | in the united states, influenza epidemics occur nearly every winter and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, including an average of approximately 114,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths/year. | 2002 | 12418623 |
| a rapid, single-step multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay for the detection of human h1n1, h3n2, and b influenza viruses. | influenza is a viral respiratory pathogen responsible for frequent seasonal epidemics. there are currently three major human influenza viruses in global circulation, h1n1, h3n2 and b. | 2002 | 12423698 |
| [autoimmune thyroiditis--an infectious disease?]. | the aim was to review existing evidence of a possible role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. autoimmune thyroid disease is a polygenic, multifactorial disease in which genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to an environmental insult resulting in immune system activation. different viruses (influenza b, rubella, retrovirus) have been associated with thyroiditis, but no single agent appears to be causative. there is no firm evidence of infection bein ... | 2002 | 12553108 |
| activity of anthocyanins from fruit extract of ribes nigrum l. against influenza a and b viruses. | earlier, we have detected antiviral activity in an extract from ribes nigrum l. fruits ("kurokarin", name of the one species of black currant in japanese) against influenza a and b viruses, and herpes simplex virus 1 (knox et al., food processing 33, 21-23, 1998). in the present study, the antiviral activity of constituents of a kurokarin extract and the mechanism of its antiviral action were examined. kurokarin extracts were separated to fractions a to d by column chromatography. the major cons ... | 2001 | 11885927 |
| monitoring of influenza in the eiss european network member countries from october 2000 to april 2001. | in countries covered by the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss), the 2000-2001 winter was marked mainly by the spread of influenza a(h1n1) viruses. influenza b, which globally represented a minority of cases, was common later in the season and predominant in great britain, ireland, and portugal. influenza activity was at its maximum during the period of january and february/march 2001 with little time lag between countries (maximum four weeks). overall, the morbidity rates reported wer ... | 2001 | 11891380 |
| the evolution of human influenza viruses. | the evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza a and b viruses due to the mutability of the rna genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza a subtypes to which the population has little immunity. the latter characteristic is a consequence of the wide antigenic diversity and peculiar host range of influenza a viruses and the ability of their segmented ... | 2001 | 11779385 |
| zanamivir: from drug design to the clinic. | the development of the neuraminidase inhibitors has revolutionized the management options for influenza. zanamivir was the first such inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of influenza in humans. it is delivered by inhalation to the respiratory tract, which is the site of viral replication, in order to ensure immediate antiviral activity. early treatment with zanamivir in clinical trials rapidly reduced the severity and duration of influenza symptoms and associated complications. furthermor ... | 2001 | 11779388 |
| treatment of influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors: virological implications. | evaluation of the emergence of influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) is now demanded following experience with amantadinamines. preliminary data have indicated that nai-resistant virus is unlikely to emerge readily in the clinic and this is consistent with the difficulty experienced in selecting resistant virus in vitro. resistance mutations can occur in both neuraminidase and haemagglutinin genes. the neuraminidase mutations are viral subtype specific and, therefore, cli ... | 2001 | 11779389 |
| influenza diagnosis and treatment: a view from clinical practice. | influenza is a descriptive term for respiratory epidemic disease presenting with cough and fever. influenza viruses are probably the most important of the pathogens that cause this condition. clinical influenza occurs almost every winter in england and wales and the outbreaks last 8-10 weeks. in recent years, influenza b virus outbreaks have occurred in january and february, whereas influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks have generally started long before christmas. influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks pressu ... | 2001 | 11779394 |
| antibody responses to vaccinations given within the first two years after transplant are similar between autologous peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplant recipients. | as a consequence of the significantly larger inoculum of lymphoid cells present in peripheral blood stem cell (pbsc) harvests compared to bone marrow (bm), it is possible that autopbsct recipients may have an earlier and*or enhanced response to vaccines. until data to confirm this become available, the european blood and marrow transplantation association (ebmt) recommend that all transplant recipients be immunized in the same way regardless of stem cell source. we performed a prospective study ... | 2001 | 11781630 |
| [evolution of influenza b viruses at the end of the 20th century]. | influenza b viruses (48 strains) isolated in russia in 1992-2000 have been investigated. the majority (29 strains) were isolated in 1994-1995. the strains were isolated in embryonated eggs and mdck cells. study of their antigenic properties showed that all of them belonged to an evolutionary group b/jamagata/16/88-like viruses. antigenic drift in the hemagglutinin (ha) of epidemic strains isolated in russia was the same as in reference strains of this evolutionary group. ha proteins of isolated ... | 2001 | 11785390 |
| flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation for advanced breast cancer. | flexible bronchoscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications following bone marrow transplantation. however, the value of this procedure in autologous peripheral stem cell transplant (apsct) recipients with pulmonary complications is not well defined. we retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of 27 consecutive bronchoscopies done on 23 apsct recipients following high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer. fb resulted in a positive diagnosis in 16 cases (59%). bron ... | 2001 | 11753555 |
| prevention and treatment of influenza a and b. | 2001 | 11768922 | |
| [new clinical laboratory tests for respiratory tract infections]. | 2001 | 11769523 | |
| influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) and its collaborating laboratories, national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) collaborating laboratories, state and local health departments, and a network of sentinel physicians, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during september 30-november 24, 2001, w ... | 2001 | 11770504 |
| management of influenza in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | to review the prevention and treatment of influenza in patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2001 | 11770690 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | 2001 | 11190931 | |
| antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza b viruses isolated in lusaka, zambia in 1999. | previous studies of the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of various influenza b virus isolates demonstrated the existence of two antigenically distinct virus lineages represented by b/victoria/2/87 and b/yamagata/16/88, respectively. here, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza b viruses isolated from children living in lusaka, zambia between january and may 1999. antigenic analysis with chicken antiviral sera showed that all the zambian isolates had the ha protein belong ... | 2001 | 11699954 |
| comparison of the activities of zanamivir, oseltamivir, and rwj-270201 against clinical isolates of influenza virus and neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant variants. | rwj-270201 is a novel cyclopentane inhibitor of influenza a and b virus neuraminidases (nas). we compared the ability of rwj-270201 to inhibit na activity of clinical influenza isolates and viruses with defined resistance mutations with that of zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. in na inhibition assays with influenza a viruses, the median 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of rwj-270201 (approximately 0.34 nm) was comparable to that of oseltamivir carboxylate (0.45 nm) but lower than that ... | 2001 | 11709315 |
| perspectives on the manufacture of combination vaccines. | evolving regulatory requirements in the united states and europe create major challenges for manufacturers tasked with production of vaccines that contain > or =9 separate antigens capable of protecting against infectious diseases, such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis b, and haemophilus influenza b, in a single shot. this article describes 10 steps that can facilitate the process of licensing these complex vaccines. it also points out problems associated with the use of anima ... | 2001 | 11709769 |
| [safety of an influenza-split-vaccine in children]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the safety of the split-product influenza vaccine begrivac(r), containing the recommended virus strains for the influenza season 1998/99. | 2001 | 11713714 |
| amantadine blocks channel activity of the transmembrane segment of the nb protein from influenza b. | nb is short auxiliary protein with ca. 100 amino acids, encoded in the viral genome of influenza b. it is believed to be similar to m2 from influenza a and vpu from hiv-1 in that it demonstrates ion channel activity. channels formed by the protein can be blocked by amantadine. we have synthesized the putative transmembrane segment of nb (irg s20 iiiticvsl i30 vilivfgci a40 kifi (nb, lee)). reconstituted in a lipid bilayer, the peptide shows channel activity. the addition of amantadine leads to d ... | 2001 | 11718294 |
| the new nasal spray influenza vaccine. | 2001 | 11734731 | |
| efficacy of inactivated and cold-adapted vaccines against influenza a infection, 1985 to 1990: the pediatric experience. | influenza is a common and potentially serious infection in children. although there is interest in broadening the use of influenza vaccine in healthy children, there are few large, randomized, controlled trials that evaluate the safety and efficacy of inactivated vaccine in the pediatric population. | 2001 | 11734733 |
| prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of three lots of intranasal trivalent influenza vaccine among young children. | trivalent formulations of an experimental, cold-adapted, intranasal influenza (caiv) vaccine have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in young children. | 2001 | 11734734 |
| safety, vaccine virus shedding and immunogenicity of trivalent, cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine administered to human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected children. | to assess the safety of live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) administered to relatively asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic hiv-infected children and non-hiv-infected children. | 2001 | 11740317 |
| antiviral drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | 2001 | 11740325 | |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza a and b in high-risk patients. | to evaluate the cost effectiveness of zanamivir 10 mg twice daily for 5 days in the treatment of influenza in high-risk patients. | 2001 | 11303417 |
| pharmacokinetics and dosage recommendations for an oseltamivir oral suspension for the treatment of influenza in children. | oseltamivir (ro 64-0796) is an ester prodrug of the active metabolite ro 64-0802 (oseltamivir carboxylate), a potent and selective inhibitor of the neuraminidase enzyme of influenza virus. in this study we report the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in healthy children volunteers (study 1) and in children with influenza (study 2). study participants and methods: in study 1, an open-label, single dose study, serial plasma samples were obtained from a total of 18 healthy children (5 to 18 years) wh ... | 2001 | 11310719 |
| influenza a virus nep (ns2 protein) downregulates rna synthesis of model template rnas. | the influenza a virus nep (ns2) protein is an structural component of the viral particle. to investigate whether this protein has an effect on viral rna synthesis, we examined the expression of an influenza a virus-like chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) rna in cells synthesizing the four influenza a virus core proteins (nucleoprotein, pb1, pb2, and pa) and nep from recombinant plasmids. influenza a virus nep inhibited drastically, and in a dose-dependent manner, the level of cat expression ... | 2001 | 11312364 |
| zanamivir and oseltamivir: two new options for the treatment and prevention of influenza. | influenza infection is responsible for thousands of hospitalizations and deaths in the united states each year. until recently, management options were limited to vaccination or use of the antiviral agents amantadine and rimantadine. two antiviral drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, have recently been approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of influenza a and influenza b. | 2001 | 11318072 |
| influenza vaccine in healthy preschool children. | studies of influenza vaccination in healthy children have not definitely answered the question of their efficacy. | 2001 | 11319482 |
| serum cytokine levels and antibody response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. | cytokines play critical roles in regulating the antibody response to vaccines. we sought to understand the role of endogenous cytokines in the determination of antibody production in the elderly, a group of subjects known to have a lower response rate to vaccination. we found that in a healthy elderly group, only 52% of whom responded to the influenza vaccine, endogenous levels of interleukin 6 (il-6), il-10 and gamma interferon (ifngamma) did not differ statistically significantly between respo ... | 2001 | 11322647 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | 2001 | 11324643 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza b virus outbreak in a cruise ship--northern europe, 2000. | 2001 | 11324644 | |
| evaluation of the hexaplex assay for detection of respiratory viruses in children. | the hexaplex assay (prodesse, inc., milwaukee, wis.) is a multiplex reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assay for the detection of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b, and influenza virus types a and b. we evaluated the hexaplex assay in comparison with conventional viral cell cultures and rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) for rsv (directigen; becton dickinson inc., cockeysville, md.) and influenza a virus (abbott test pack; abbott laboratories, abbot ... | 2001 | 11325976 |
| antiviral activity of fattiviracin fv-8 against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | a novel antiviral agent, fattiviracin fv-8, purified from the culture broth of streptomyces microflavus strain no. 2445, showed potent antiviral activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and influenza a and b viruses. the action mechanism of fattiviracin fv-8 against hiv-1 was examined. as a result, the agent was thought to act on hiv-1 particles directly without lysis of the particles, and it affords the in ... | 2001 | 11330690 |
| [is rapid and specific virological detection of influenza really necessary?]. | 2001 | 11333566 | |
| [analysis of etiology of influenza-like morbidity and monitoring influenza epidemic of 1998-1999 by laboratory diagnosis methods]. | the etiological structure of influenza-like was analyzed in the population in cities and towns and in russia as a whole in november 1998 to april 1999 by the findings of immunofluorescence and serological surveys of patients with acute respiratory viral infections (arvi). by the results of both tests, the proportion of the incidence of influenza a (h3n2) was largest, the decreasing order in their significance was as follows: adenoviruses, type 3 parainfluenza virus, rsv, influenza b virus, influ ... | 2001 | 11338361 |
| live attenuated vaccines against influenza; an historical review. | live attenuated vaccines administered directly to the respiratory tract offer the promise of providing more effective immunity against influenza than subunit or split inactivated vaccines. evidence has accumulated in recent years that immunological responses relevant to both the prevention of and recovery from influenza are best induced by natural infection. the ease with which the genes of influenza viruses reassort when two or more viruses infect a single cell has been exploited as a means of ... | 2001 | 11348696 |
| managing influenza: amantadine, rimantadine and beyond. | amantadine and rimantadine are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza a. neither drug, however, has achieved widespread acceptance because of the rapid development of viral resistance, their lack of activity against influenza b and, in the case of amantadine, adverse events. complete cross-resistance occurs with these compounds and is associated with a single nucleotide change in the m2 protein. resistant variants are transmissible and fully pathogenic. zanamivir is the first wi ... | 2001 | 11351773 |
| utility of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of concomitant influenza a and b in a complex continuing-care population. | 2001 | 11227819 | |
| [properties of influenza a and b, isolated from chick embryos and in mdck cell culture]. | mdck culture was used along with the traditional chicken embryonated eggs (cee) for improving the efficiency of isolation of epidemic influenza a and b viruses from clinical material. the number of influenza viruses isolated in both systems in epidemic seasons of 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 was as follows: 1 in mdck and 21 in cee for influenza a(h1n1), 56 and 7, respectively, for influenza a(h3n2), and 4 and 2 strains, respectively, for influenza b viruses. influenza a viruses were heterogeneous by ... | 2001 | 11233284 |
| [optimization of a method for purifying antibodies for immunofluorescent diagnosis of influenza]. | efficiency and diagnostic adequacy of immunoglobulin isolation from rabbit immune serum by reiterated salting out with ammonium sulfate and subsequent separation of deae sephadex a-50 was evaluated. electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis in agar gel demonstrated that the resultant immunoglobulin fraction is much more pure than after one salting out. it contains nothing more than antibodies to influenza virus taken for immunization, and after binding to the stain shows high fluorescent activit ... | 2001 | 11233289 |
| zanamivir: a rational approach to influenza b. | influenza b viruses have co-circulated with the hin1 and h3n2 subtypes of influenza a since 1977. influenza a viruses are found in various animals, whereas influenza b viruses are probably restricted to humans. the lack of an animal reservoir means that the virus has no potential for genetic reassortment across species. in addition, influenza b viruses are more serologically homogeneous than influenza a viruses. thus, the chance of influenza b causing a pandemic is much lower than that of influe ... | 2001 | 11234975 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2001-2002 season. | 2001 | 11236648 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | 2001 | 11236768 | |
| randomized controlled trial of seroresponses to double dose and booster influenza vaccination in frail elderly subjects. | responses to influenza vaccination are poor in frail elderly subjects who suffer the greatest morbidity and mortality due to infection. therefore, a randomized clinical trial was performed to determine the effect of a double dose and booster vaccination on antibody responses after influenza vaccination. a total of 815 patients (median age 83 years, median disability score 8, median disease categories 2 and median number of medications 4) residing in 14 nursing homes in the netherlands were vacci ... | 2001 | 11241460 |
| influenza in the world. 1 october 1999-30 september 2000. | 2001 | 11242684 | |
| [development of a novel influenza vaccine derived from a continuous cell line]. | influenza viruses for production are presently produced in embryonated hen"s eggs. this conventional standard methodology is extremely cumbersome; it requires millions of eggs and an extensive purification to reduce the amount of contaminating egg proteins and to minimise the risk of allergies against egg albumin. the shortage of eggs in a pandemic situation, the selection of egg-adapted variants and the presence of adventitious viruses has emphasised the necessity for production of influenza va ... | 2001 | 11248852 |
| comparison of the anti-influenza virus activity of rwj-270201 with those of oseltamivir and zanamivir. | we have recently reported an influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor, rwj-270201 (bcx-1812), a novel cyclopentane derivative discovered through structure-based drug design. in this paper, we compare the potency of three compounds, rwj-270201, oseltamivir, and zanamivir, against neuraminidase enzymes from various subtypes of influenza. rwj-270201 effectively inhibited all tested influenza a and influenza b neuraminidases in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.09 to 1.4 nm for influenza ... | 2001 | 11257030 |
| synthesis, antiretroviral and antioxidant evaluation of a series of new benzo[b]furan derivatives. | the antiretroviral and anti-oxidant profile of a series of new c-2 and c-7 substituted benzo[b]furans was explored by employing well established antiviral and antioxidant protocols. the most potent antioxidant compound tested was analog 7, which bears an oh at c-7 and a benzoyl group at c-2. in the influenza a type h3n2 virus screens analog 8a was almost five-fold more active than its counterparts and equipotent to rimantadine and amantadine. in the influenza b screening all of the new compounds ... | 2001 | 11258046 |
| experience with oseltamivir in the control of a nursing home influenza b outbreak. | oseltamivir prophylaxis was very effective in protecting nursing home residents from ili and in halting this outbreak of influenza b. a portion of the total ili cases may have been due to influenza a, as this strain was isolated in one resident. the 10% attack rate in this facility, controlled with oseltamivir, compares favourably with another influenza b outbreak in a similar facility in the same region, over the same time frame (ili onset 27 december to 17 january). oseltamivir prophylaxis was ... | 2001 | 11260987 |
| respiratory virus surveillance fluwatch project update. | 2001 | 11260988 | |
| sialidase inhibitors related to zanamivir. further sar studies of 4-amino-4h-pyran-2-carboxylic acid-6-propylamides. | sar investigations of the 4- and 5-positions of a series of 4-amino-4h-pyran-2-carboxylic acid 6-carboxamides are reported. potent inhibitors of influenza a sialidase with marked selectivity over the influenza b enzyme were obtained when the basic 4-amino substituent was replaced by hydroxyl or even deleted. modifications at the 5-position exhibited a tight steric requirement, with trifluoroacetamide being optimal. | 2001 | 11266166 |
| oseltamivir: a review of its use in influenza. | oseltamivir is a prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate (ro 64-0802, gs4071), a potent and selective inhibitor of the neuraminidase glycoprotein essential for replication of influenza a and b viruses. studies in volunteers with experimental human influenza a or b showed that administration of oral oseltamivir 20 to 200 mg twice daily for 5 days reduced both the quantity and duration of viral shedding compared with placebo. subsequent assessment of the drug at a dosage of 75 mg twice daily for 5 days ... | 2001 | 11270942 |
| multicentered study of viral acute lower respiratory infections in children from four cities of argentina, 1993-1994. | this study describes the first multicentered study of acute lower respiratory infection viral etiology in young children from four different geographical areas of argentina. a total of 1,278 children under 5 years of age, hospitalized in primary care centers from buenos aires, córdoba, santa fé and mar del plata cities during a 2-year period were studied (1993-1994). nasopharyngeal aspirates were investigated for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza a and b ... | 2001 | 11360249 |
| response to influenza immunisation during treatment for cancer. | to assess the annual risk of influenza infection in children with cancer and the immunogenicity of a trivalent split virus influenza vaccine in these children. | 2001 | 11369567 |
| heterosubtypic immunity to influenza a virus in mice lacking iga, all ig, nkt cells, or gamma delta t cells. | the mechanisms of broad cross-protection to influenza viruses of different subtypes, termed heterosubtypic immunity, remain incompletely understood. we used knockout mouse strains to examine the potential for heterosubtypic immunity in mice lacking iga, all ig and b cells, nkt cells (cd1 knockout mice), or gamma(delta) t cells. mice were immunized with live influenza a virus and compared with controls immunized with unrelated influenza b virus. iga(-/-) mice survived full respiratory tract chall ... | 2001 | 11390496 |
| influenza b virus outbreak on a cruise ship--northern europe, 2000. | during june 23-july 5, 2000, an outbreak of respiratory illnesses occurred on the ms rotterdam (holland america line & windstar cruises) during a 12-day baltic cruise from the united kingdom to germany via russia. the ship carried 1311 passengers, primarily from the united states, and 506 crew members from many countries. although results of rapid viral testing for influenza a and b viruses were negative, immunofluorescence staining and viral culture results implicated influenza b virus infectio ... | 2001 | 11393483 |
| evaluation of an optical immunoassay for the rapid detection of influenza a and b viral antigens. | an optical immunoassay for the rapid detection of influenza types a and b viral antigens, flu oia (biostar, usa), was prospectively compared with antigen detection methods and cell culture on 400 respiratory specimens during an influenza outbreak that occurred in switzerland in 1998/1999. the flu oia had an overall sensitivity of 64.4% (95%ci, 56.3-71.7%) and a specificity of 94.9% (95%ci, 89.8-97.7%). using specimens from pediatric and adolescent patients, the sensitivity obtained (71.8%; 95%ci ... | 2001 | 11399021 |
| cost-effectiveness study on influenza prevention in hong kong. | recent studies confirm that influenza vaccination confers health benefits and reduces direct and indirect costs associated with the illness. however, these studies did not examine the situation in southern china, a hypothetical influenza epicentre for the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. | 2001 | 11399347 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 2000-01 season, and composition of the 2001-02 influenza vaccine. | the 2000-01 influenza season was mild in the united states and was the first season since 1995-96 that was not predominated by a (h3n2) viruses. influenza a (h1n1) viruses predominated in the united states. in some regions, however, influenza b viruses were reported more frequently than influenza a viruses. worldwide, influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses also predominated. this report summarizes u.s.* and worldwide influenza activity during the 2000-01 influenza season and describes the composition ... | 2001 | 11414599 |
| respiratory virus surveillance. fluwatch project, 2000-2001. end of season update. | the 2000-2001 season was a relatively mild season worldwide. in canada, lower than usual activity was reported for all national indicators of influenza activity, including the rate of influenza-like illness (ili), the percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza and provincial/territorial influenza activity levels. however, there were a number of interesting characteristics of this year's influenza season. in contrast to the predominance of influenza a, and in particular the a/sydney/5/ ... | 2001 | 11416943 |
| r-mix cells are faster, at least as sensitive and marginally more costly than conventional cell lines for the detection of respiratory viruses. | to evaluate shell vials of r-mix, a combination of mink lung cells and human adenocarcinoma cells (strains mv1lu and a549, respectively, diagnostic hybrids, athens, oh) to detect respiratory viruses from prospective clinical respiratory specimens and frozen stocks. | 2001 | 11418357 |
| epidemiology of documented viral respiratory infections and acute otitis media in a cohort of children followed from two to twenty-four months of age. | viral upper respiratory infections (uris) are considered major risk factors for acute otitis media (aom) in young children. we studied the epidemiology and relative roles of different viruses in respiratory infections in a cohort of 329 finnish children followed from 2 months to 2 years of age. | 2001 | 11419498 |
| aromatic sialic acid analogues as potential inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase. | the influenza virus neuraminidase (na) is an enzyme essential for viral infection and offers a potential target for antiviral drug development. we aimed our research at the synthesis of non-carbohydrate molecules able to inhibit na as transition-state analogues. aromatic sialic acid analogues (compound 5 and compound 10) were synthesised in good yields starting from commercially available benzoic acids using a suitable synthetic strategy. | 2001 | 11421259 |
| prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infection. | influenza virus infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. furthermore, a recurrence of pandemic influenza remains a real possibility. there are now effective ways to both prevent and treat influenza. prevention of infection is most effectively accomplished by vaccination. vaccination with the inactivated, intramuscular influenza vaccine has been clearly demonstrated to reduce serious morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection, especially in groups of patie ... | 2001 | 11437694 |
| high prevalence of influenza specific antibody secreting cells in nasal mucosa. | secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) provides the first line of defence against pathogens initiating infection via the mucosal route, e.g. the influenza virus. the aim of this study was to examine the basal level of influenza-specific antibody-secreting cell (asc) in the local mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. nineteen patients scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled for the study, and they had not experienced influenza during the previous year. tonsils, blood, oral fluid and a nasal biopsy ... | 2001 | 11439173 |
| experimental influenza b viral myositis. | to investigate the pathogenesis of influenza myositis in animals, juvenile balb/c mice were inoculated with influenza b/lee virus intramuscularly into the right quadriceps muscle. chicken normal allantoic fluid (naf) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) was injected into the left quadriceps of control mice and in some virus-infected mice. serum creatinine phosphokinase (cpk) levels rose significantly on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation (pi) in only virus-inoculated mice. on days 2 and 3 pi, right qua ... | 2001 | 11440746 |
| influence of virus strain, challenge dose, and time of therapy initiation on the in vivo influenza inhibitory effects of rwj-270201. | the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor rwj-270201 (cyclopentane carboxylic acid, 3-[cis-1-(acetylamino)-2-ethylbutyl]-4[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-[cis, 2s, 3r, 4r]) was significantly inhibitory to an infection in mice induced by influenza a/nws/33 (h1n1) virus when oral gavage (p.o.) treatment with 10 mg/kg per day was delayed at least 60 h after virus exposure. treatment was 5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days. viral challenge doses of influenza a/shangdong/09/93 (h3n2) virus ranging f ... | 2001 | 11448729 |
| influenza b and c virus nep (ns2) proteins possess nuclear export activities. | nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral ribonucleoproteins (vrnps) is an essential aspect of the replication cycle for influenza a, b, and c viruses. these viruses replicate and transcribe their genomes in the nuclei of infected cells. during the late stages of infection, vrnps must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm prior to transport to viral assembly sites on the cellular plasma membrane. previously, we demonstrated that the influenza a virus nuclear export protein (nep, formerly refe ... | 2001 | 11462009 |