Publications

patterns of haemozoin accumulation in tissue.	a sensitive fluorometric method for assaying malarial pigment, haemozoin, has been developed and used to determine the haemozoin content of blood and tissue samples. plasmodium falciparum rings and trophozoites were found to contain 23 and 339 ng haemozoin/10(6) parasitized red blood cells (prbcs), respectively. unsynchronized plasmodium berghei nk65 or anka parasites from infected mice contained 27 and 61 ng haemozoin/10(6) prbcs, respectively. an exponential accumulation of haemozoin within 18 ...	1996	8728992
further characterization of a 58 kda plasmodium berghei phosphoprotein as a cochaperone.	molecular chaperones are important for proper protein folding during protein biogenesis. this report describes a protein from plasmodium berghei which is 30% identical and 40% similar to a recently described mammalian cochaperone, or heat shock protein 70 interacting protein. the p. berghei cochaperone accumulates throughout the trophozoite stage and decreases during the schizont stage. the stage specific expression is consistent with its presumed role in protein folding or protein-protein inter ...	1996	9010839
expression of a plasmodium gene introduced into subtelomeric regions of plasmodium berghei chromosomes.	targeted integration of exogenous dna into the genome of malaria parasites will allow their phenotype to be modulated by means of gene disruption or the stable expression of foreign and mutated genes. described here is the site-specific integration through reciprocal exchange, and subsequent expression, of a selectable marker gene into the genome of the pathogenic, bloodstage forms of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. stable integration of a single copy of the marker gene (retained ...	1996	8571132
the within-host cellular dynamics of bloodstage malaria: theoretical and experimental studies.	the properties of a mathematical model of bloodstage infection with a single strain of malaria were investigated. analysing the cell population dynamics in the absence of a host immune response we demonstrate a relationship between host and parasite parameters that defines a criterion for the successful invasion and persistence of the parasite. important parameters are the rates of merozoite production and death and those of erythrocyte production, death and invasion. we present data from experi ...	1996	8710412
[malaria parasite dna and rna changes connected with acquired resistance to chloroquine].		1996	8714121
induction of anti-malarial transmission blocking immunity with a recombinant ookinete surface antigen of plasmodium berghei produced in silkworm larvae using the baculovirus expression vector system.	we have studied pbs21, a major ookinete surface protein of plasmodium berghei, for the development of a model transmission blocking immunogen. in the mouse, recombinant pbs21 expressed in the escherichia coli expression system (ecrpbs21) is not as effective in inducing transmission blocking antibodies as native pbs21 (npbs21), possibly because of differences in post-translational processing between ecrpbs21 and npbs21. in an attempt to improve the efficacy of the recombinant molecule, we describ ...	1996	8852407
upregulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in plasmodium berghei infected mice after rescue therapy with chloroquine or artemether.	plasmodium berghei anka infected c57b1/6 mice develop cerebral malaria at a parasitaemia of 15-25%. when parasitaemia reached 10%, p. berghei infected mice were treated with artemether, chloroquine or clindamycin in order to prevent the occurrence of cerebral malaria. artemether and chloroquine were highly efficient. functional tests revealed that zymosan stimulated spleen cells from untreated mice with cerebral malaria showed a slight decrease in their capacity to produce reactive oxygen interm ...	1996	8858461
an exploration of the structure-activity relationships of 4-aminoquinolines: novel antimalarials with activity in-vivo.	the structure-activity relationships of bisquinolines, a potentially important group of novel antimalarial drugs, were studied. the high-temperature (180-250 degrees c) synthesis of 4-aminoquinolines, including bisquinolines, by nucleophilic displacement was both fast and efficient several bisquinolines including (+/-)-trans-n1,n2-bis(7-trifluoroquinolin-4-yl)cyclohexane-1, 2-diamine and 1r,2r-(-)-, 1s,2s-(+)-, (+/-)-trans- and cis-n1, n2-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine exhibit ...	1996	8887736
a chromatin-associated protein is encoded in a genomic region highly conserved in the plasmodium genus.	a single copy gene, pbb7, encoding a putative 26 kda acidic protein has been isolated from plasmodium berghei and appears to be part of a genomic region well conserved within the plasmodium genus. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant blocks of similarity with nucleosome assembly proteins from yeast and man. the nuclear localization of the natural protein and its close association with chromatin during the entire erythrocytic cycle of the parasite have been demonstrated using spec ...	1996	8892296
release of malaria circumsporozoite protein into the host cell cytoplasm and interaction with ribosomes.	to date, the circumsporozoite (cs) protein has been implicated in guiding malaria sporozoites to the liver [cerami et al., cell 70, 1992, 1021-1033]. here we show that shortly after invasion, p. berghei and p. yoelii sporozoites lie free in the invaded cell and release considerable amounts of cs protein into the cytoplasm. the intracytoplasmic deposition of cs protein begins during the attachment of the sporozoite to the host cell surface and reaches its peak during the first 4-6 h after invasio ...	1996	8898331
recombinant plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-based in vitro screen for antifolate antimalarials.	we describe the system for screening the effective antifolate antimalarials that uses the recombinant plasmodium falciparum dhfr domain of the bifunctional dhfr-ts expressed in escherichia coli, and were designed with amino acid alterations found in the dhfr genes of the antifolate resistant strains. the validity of the screen was verified by the subsequent examination of several substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines for their antimalarial activity. among the 120 chemical derivatives, 5 compound ...	1996	8898337
correlation between enhanced vascular permeability, up-regulation of cellular adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to the endothelium in the retina during the development of fatal murine cerebral malaria.	the relationships between increased vascular permeability to protein, monocyte adherence to the endothelium, and expression of the cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1) in the central nervous system microvasculature were studied during the progression of fatal murine cerebral malaria. cba mice were inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka, and changes in the retinal microvasculature were examined on days 3, 5, and 7 post ...	1996	8909263
facilitation of rift valley fever virus transmission by plasmodium berghei sporozoites in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	certain mosquito species are susceptible to viral infection but cannot transmit the virus due to a salivary gland barrier. we hypothesized that such species could transmit virus if the mosquito were infected with both virus and malaria parasites. malaria sporozoites disrupt the integrity of mosquito salivary glands and, in so doing, may destroy salivary gland barriers to viral transmission. to examine this postulate, the model system of rift valley fever (rvf) virus and a rodent parasite, plasmo ...	1996	8916797
apicidin: a novel antiprotozoal agent that inhibits parasite histone deacetylase.	a novel fungal metabolite, apicidin [cyclo(n-o-methyl-l-tryptophanyl-l -isoleucinyl-d-pipecolinyl-l-2-amino-8-oxodecanoyl)], that exhibits potent, broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity in vitro against apicomplexan parasites has been identified. it is also orally and parenterally active in vivo against plasmodium berghei malaria in mice. many apicomplexan parasites cause serious, life-threatening human and animal diseases, such as malaria, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and coccidiosis, and n ...	1996	8917558
molecular electronic properties of a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines define antimalarial activity profile.	a detailed computational study on a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamine antimalarials was performed using the semiempirical austin model 1 (am1) quantum chemical method to correlate the electronic features with antimalarial activity and to illuminate more completely the fundamental molecular level forces that affect the function and utility of the compounds. ab initio (3-21g level) calculations were performed on mefloquine, the lead compound in this series, to check the reliability of the am1 met ...	1996	8917651
experimental congenital toxocariasis: effect on foetal future immune response.	congenital parasitic infections may not lead to any overt clinical effects but could modulate the foetal future immune response to the same parasite depending on whether sensitization or tolerance has occurred in utero. in this study, pregnant female mice were infected with toxocara canis eggs at different gestational age, then the offspring were next challenged with toxocara eggs 6 weeks after birth and their immune response was assessed by estimation of the eosinophilic count and serum ige con ...	1996	8918035
cell surface glycosaminoglycans are not obligatory for plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion in vitro.	the malaria circumsporozoite (cs) protein binds to glycosaminoglycan chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans present on the basolateral surface of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells in vitro. when injected into mice, cs protein is rapidly cleared from the blood circulation by hepatocytes. the binding region for the hspgs is the evolutionarily conserved region ii-plus of the cs protein. here we have asked whether the presence of glycosaminoglycans on the plasma membrane of target cells is required ...	1996	8920011
dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.	speed and selectivity of hepatocyte invasion by malaria sporozoites have suggested a receptor-mediated mechanism and the specific interaction of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein with liver-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) has been implicated in the targeting to the liver. here we show that the cs protein interacts not only with cell surface heparan sulfate, but also with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp). binding of 125i-cs protein to purified lrp occurs w ...	1996	8920859
a one-step lysis procedure for 18s ribosomal rna-based diagnosis of infection by plasmodium species.		1996	8921197
localization of ribosomal rna and pbs21-mrna in the sexual stages of plasmodium berghei using electron microscope in situ hybridization.	a reproducible technique for the ultrastructural localization of rnas in malaria parasites has been developed which combines excellent structural preservation with high hybridization signals. signals obtained following in situ hybridization with an antisense rrna probe which recognizes all forms of small subunit (ssu) rrna correlate with the density of ribosomes in the parasite cytoplasm and show that a) the male gametocyte has only 12 to 25% the ribosomes found in the female cell and asexual pa ...	1996	8929565
mitochondrial heme oxygenase of mastomys coucha.	while studying the fate of heme generated during malaria infection, it was observed that mitochondrial preparations were highly enriched with heme compared to other subcellular particles. with this background, the present study aimed to determine the status of mitochondrial heme oxygenase and compare it with the microsomal enzyme. mitochondrial and microsomal preparations were obtained from liver, spleen, kidney and brain of normal, inducer (cobalt chloride and hemin)-treated and plasmodium berg ...	1996	8930130
synthesis and immunostimulant activity of novel analogs of human casein fragment (54-59).	structural analogs of the hexapeptide sequence 54-59 (a) human casein, reported to stimulate immune response, were synthesized and evaluated for immunostimulant activity. hexapeptide 91/409 (c), 90/649 (d) and 91/361 (e) stimulated higher antibody titre and delayed type of hyper-sensitivity (dth) response than the natural casein hexapeptide in balb/c mice-sheep red blood cells (srbc) and guinea pig-ovalbumin models. these peptides also induced higher stimulation of non-specific immune response a ...	1996	8933167
molecular cloning and antigenic mapping of heat-shock protein 70 from the malaria species plasmodium berghei.	we have isolated a 70-kd heat-shock protein (hsp-70) cdna from plasmodium berghei. a cdna clone encoding the p. berghei hsp-70 was isolated and sequenced, demonstrating that it is highly homologous with other plasmodium hsp-70s. one of the common features is a series of ggmp amino acid repeats at the carboxy terminus; there is also a long, at-rich 5' untranslated region, a hallmark of other malarial rnas. hydropathy and antigenicity analyses suggest the presence of two hydrophilic domains. recom ...	1996	8940993
heat-labile and heat-stimulable heme polymerase activities in plasmodium berghei.		1996	8946392
plasmodium berghei: infectivity of mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	the infectivity of p. berghei-infected to mice to mosquitoes declines rapidly 2 to 5 days after blood inoculation, in spite of rising numbers of gametocytes in the blood. this pattern is typical of many malaria infections and various factors, particularly specific and nonspecific immune responses, have previously been implicated in the decline. here we report that (1) simple physiological changes in the mouse blood, namely, falling ph and bicarbonate levels induced by high parasitaemias, are res ...	1996	8948326
[effect of momordica charantia l. in mice infected with plasmodium berghei].	according to the world health organization malaria is one of the major public health problems in brazil and all over developing countries, where 80% of the population use traditional medicine to solve their primary medical problems. both treatment and control of this parasitosis have become difficult, because of parasite strains that are resistant to conventional drugs, such as chloroquine. that makes the search for new antimalarial drugs not only important but urgent. we aimed therefore at eval ...	1996	8966309
cd8 beta increases cd8 coreceptor function and participation in tcr-ligand binding.	to study the role of cd8 beta in t cell function, we derived a cd8 alpha/beta-(cd8-/-) t cell hybridoma of the h-2kd-restricted n9 cytotoxic t lymphocyte clone specific for a photoreactive derivative of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide pbcs 252-260. this hybridoma was transfected either with cd8 alpha alone or together with cd8 beta. all three hybridomas released interleukin 2 upon incubation with l cells expressing kd-peptide derivative complexes, though cd8 alpha/beta cells did ...	1996	8976201
induction of sustained and elevated immune responses to weakly immunogenic synthetic malarial peptides by encapsulation in biodegradable polymer microspheres.	biodegradable microspheres (ms) based on poly(d,l-lactide) and poly(d,l-lactide-coglycolide) have the capacity to release encapsulated antigens over defined lengths of time depending on their composition and to elicit and sustain strong and long-lasting immune responses to protein antigens. in the present study, two synthetic multiple antigenic peptides (map), p30b2 and (nanp)6p2p30, were incorporated into ms of different compositions. p30b2 and (nanp)6p2p30 are composed of one or two universal ...	1996	8994320
sulfated polyanions inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodial merozoites and cytoadherence of endothelial cells to parasitized erythrocytes.	sulfated proteoglycans have been shown to be involved in the binding of sporozoites of malaria parasites to hepatocytes. in this study, we have evaluated the effect of sulfated glycosaminoglycans on the invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodium falciparum merozoites and cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes (prbc) to endothelial cells. invasion of erythrocytes by hb3ec-6 (an hb3 line selected for high binding to endothelial cells) was inhibited by dextran sulfate 500k, dextran sulfate 5k, sulfa ...	1996	8606103
attenuated vaccinia virus-circumsporozoite protein recombinants confer protection against rodent malaria.	nyvac-based vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the circumsporozoite protein (csp) were evaluated in the plasmodium berghei rodent malaria model system. immunization of mice with a nyvac-based csp recombinant elicited a high level of protection (60 to 100%). protection did not correlate with cs repeat-specific antibody responses and was abrogated by in vivo cd8+ t-cell depletion. protection was not enhanced by modification of the subcellular localization of csp. these results suggest the pote ...	1996	8613376
mhc class i-dependent presentation of exoerythrocytic antigens to cd8+ t lymphocytes is required for protective immunity against plasmodium berghei.	t lymphocytes are believed to play a major role in protection against malaria. previous experiments using in vivo depletion of cd8+ t cells, reconstitution with cd8+ t splenic cells, and adoptive transfer of cd8+ ctl clones demonstrated that protection against the exoerythrocytic stage of the murine strain, plasmodium berghei malaria, was cd8+ t cell-dependent. despite evidence for the critical role of cd8+ ctl, neither the cellular nor the molecular requirements for cd8+ t cell induction or for ...	1996	8617963
dietary iron supplementation does not aggravate experimental malaria in young rats.	the hypotheses that iron-deficient hosts are less susceptible to severe malaria and that iron supplementation aggravates infection have been supported by some clinical and experimental evidence. in the present study, the course of plasmodium berghei infection was monitored in an experimental model of dietary iron deficiency and iron supplementation. weanling wistar rats were fed purified diets with different iron concentrations: 20 mg/kg (group d, n = 24), 50 mg/kg (group n, n = 24) and 100 mg/k ...	1996	8632220
trafficking of plasmodium chabaudi adami-infected erythrocytes within the mouse spleen.	plasmodium chabaudi adami causes a nonlethal infection in mice. we found that crisis, the time of rapidly dropping parasitemia, was abrogated by splenectomy, indicating the role of spleen in parasite killing. the factors that mediate spleen-dependent immunity are not known. an earlier study in plasmodium berghei-infected rats showed an association between increased clearance of heat-treated erythrocytes and the onset of crisis [wyler, d. j., quinn, t. c. & chen, l.-t. (1982) j. clin. invest. 67, ...	1996	8643449
efficient binding to the mhc class i k(d) molecule of synthetic peptides in which the anchoring position 2 does not fit the consensus motif.	peptides eluted from the mhc class i k(d) molecule are generally nonamers that display a strong preference for tyr in position 2 and ile or leu in position 9. we investigated the binding ability of several synthetic peptides which did not fit this consensus motif. in our peptides, tyr(2) was substituted by other amino acids, i.e. leu, ile or met. these peptides were variants of the 252-260 k(d)-restricted peptide syipsaeki derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein. they bound ...	1996	8654564
plasmodium berghei mouse model: antimalarial activity of new alkaloid salts and of thiosemicarbazone and acridine derivatives.	sixteen compounds were synthesized and evaluated on plasmodium berghei in cd1 mouse. the nature of the salt associated to the active principle can give some advantages in the field of activity, bioavailability and toxicity. beta-resorcylic acid was chosen in this study because of its previously described antimalarial activity and its expected enhancement of quinine antimalarial activity. while treatment with subcutaneous quinine sulphate at 1 mmol/kg cured 6/10 mice, quinine beta-resorcylate cur ...	1996	8673843
toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against tropical diseases. 2. synthesis and antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo of new ruthenium- and rhodium-chloroquine complexes.	chloroquine free base (cq) reacts with [rh(cod)cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and rucl3.-3h2o/zn to yield rh(cod)(cq)cl (1) and [rucl2(cq)]2 (2), respectively. the two novel metal- cq complexes, which were characterized mainly by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, were tested against plasmodium berghei. the in vitro activity of 1 was comparable to that of chloroquine diphosphate (cqdp), whereas 2 was about 5 times more active. in in vivo tests at equivalent concentrations of free cq, cqdp reduced the ...	1996	8676344
wistar rat-plasmodium berghei model does not approximate human congenital malaria.	until recently, congenital malaria was thought to be rare. now, several reports suggest that more than 10% of newborns in some settings are parasitemic. the pathophysiology of transplacental transmission of plasmodium is not well understood, and no animal model of congenital malaria exists. a rodent model of malaria in pregnant females, however, has been developed. in an effort to test the usefulness of this model in the study of congenital malaria, wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally wi ...	1996	8691374
[ca++ ion transport blockers as reversants of the drug resistance of malarial parasites. 1. the effect of verapamil on the resistance to chloroquine in vivo of plasmodium berghei and in vitro of plasmodium falciparum].	the reversing action of verapamil on the effect of chloroquine was found in in vivo experiments by using a model p. berghei resistant to chloroquine, an lnk65 isolate having a naturally lower resistance to the agent, and its polyresistant strain with the acquired resistance to chloroquine and fansidar, as well as by employing the chlorine-resistant p. falciparum isolates from the south of the socialist republic of vietnam. the magnitude of this effect was related to the dose of verapamil, the fr ...	1996	8700004
comparison of adjuvant formulations for cytotoxic t cell induction using synthetic peptides.	we have investigated the capacity of synthetic peptides delivered in different adjuvant formulations to induce cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to a class i h-2kd-restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite epitope, cs 252-260. using three immunogen formulations: soybean emulsion; montanide isa720; and lipopeptide (p3-cs), we first evaluated the effects of immunization routes on ctl induction. no ctl response was induced in mice immunized s.c. or i.p. with cs peptide formulated in soybe ...	1996	8735553
pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as conformationally restricted analogues of the antibacterial agent trimethoprim.	conformationally restricted analogues of the antibacterial agent trimethoprim (tmp) were designed to mimic the conformation of drug observed in its complex with bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). this conformation of tmp was achieved by linking the 4-amino function to the methylene group by one- and two-carbon bridges. a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, a dihydro analogue, and a tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dhfr. one analogue showed activity equi ...	1996	8735847
immunity to plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms derived from irradiated sporozoites.	the nature of immunity generated by plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic (ee) stages developing from irradiated sporozoites was studied using in vivo parameters of host protection on immunization with irradiated sporozoites and in vitro parameters of inhibition of sporozoite invasion and ee form development by serum antibodies from immunized mice. on in vivo challenge of immunized mice by sporozoites, protection was observed in an irradiation-dose-dependent manner. this finding stresses that prote ...	1996	8740544
participation of lymphocyte subpopulations in the pathogenesis of experimental murine cerebral malaria.	we determined the requirement for selected lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the pathogenesis of experimental murine cerebral malaria (cm) by using gene-targeted knockout and mab-suppressed mice. plasmodium berghei anka infection induced cm in a 0/0 mice, which lack expression of surface mhc class ii glycoproteins and consequently express a severe and chronic reduction in numbers of cd4+ t cells. however, when a 0/0 mice, which are on a c57bl/6 x 129 genetic background, or immune-intact c57bl/ ...	1996	8759747
naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids exhibit strong growth-inhibiting activities against plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei in vitro--structure-activity relationships of dioncophylline c.	the growth-inhibiting activities of naturally occurring naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids against asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum (nf 54, clone a1a9) and p. berghei (anka) were studied in vitro. three of the alkaloids [7-epi-dioncophylline a (8b), dioncolactone a (4), and 5'-o-demethyl-8-o-methyl-7-epidioncophylline a (11)] displayed good activities against both parasites, with median inhibitory concentrations (ic50) of 1-5 micrograms/ml. dioncophylline c (2), however, was even better ...	1996	8762401
comparison of numerous delivery systems for the induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes by immunization.	a variety of vaccine delivery systems including peptides with various adjuvants, recombinant particles, live recombinant viruses and bacteria and plasmid dna were tested for their ability to induce cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) against a well-defined epitope (amino acids 252-260) from the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium berghei. we compared routes of immunization that would be applicable for the administration of a malaria vaccine in humans. the majority of these vaccines did no ...	1996	8765044
antimalarial activity of novel arylene bis(methylketone) compounds.	because of the spread of drug-resistant plasmodium species, there is an urgent need for novel effective antimalarial agents. a series of arylene bis(methylketone) compounds were screened in vitro against a number of plasmodium falciparum clones and in vivo against plasmodium berghei. 2-amino-4-(3,5-diacetylphenyl)amino-1,6-dimethylpyrimidinium chloride (cytokine network inc. [cni]-h0294) was the most effective of the compounds in vitro, with an ic50 of 1.5-4.0 microm against parasite clones with ...	1996	8769633
the large difference in infectivity for mice of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii sporozoites cannot be correlated with their ability to enter into hepatocytes.	sporozoites of p. yoelii nigeriensis are 50-100-times more infective to mice than the strain nk65 of p. berghei. to study the mechanisms involved in this striking difference in the infectivity of these closely related species of malaria parasites, we have developed a quantitative pcr targeted to parasite-specific ribosomal rna. using this method, we detect rna from a single sporozoite, and exo-erythorcytic forms of rna in the livers of mice injected with 200 sporozoites. we find that 20 h after ...	1996	8784767
the malaria sporozoite's journey into the liver.	perhaps the most challenging event of the malaria parasite's lifecycle is the sporozoite's journey to the hepatocyte. because few parasites are injected by the mosquito, they must be efficiently and rapidly targeted to hepatocytes, where they will invade and develop into merozoites, the form of the parasite infective for red blood cells. little is known about how sporozoites make their way to the liver and subsequently invade hepatocytes. some evidence suggests that they are initially trapped by ...	1996	8805080
antimalarial and toxic effects of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	plasmodium berghei-infected mice died with low levels of parasitemia after repeated intraperitoneal administration (five times at 15 mg kg of body weight-1 every other day) of the in vitro active antimalarial acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa]. toxicological studies showed that the main cause of death resulted from (s)-hpmpa-induced nephrotoxicity. although concomitant intraperitoneal administration of the tubular epithelium transport bl ...	1996	8807044
malaria, blood glucose, and the role of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in mice.	hypoglycaemia in falciparum malaria is associated with a poor prognosis and is correlated with mortality. high levels of serum tnf are also correlated with disease severity and mortality, and it has been suggested that tnf may cause the hypoglycaemia. however hypoglycaemia in mice infected with plasmodium chabaudi or the lethal strain of p. yoelii ym is related to hyperinsulinaemia. its development was not prevented by treatments which diminished tnf activity or production without affecting leve ...	1996	8809132
a method for the quantitative assessment of malaria parasite development in organs of the mammalian host.	a non-radioactive pcr method was developed to quantify the development of malaria parasites in the infected host. this was achieved by using plasmodium genus-specific primers corresponding to the parasite's small subunit ribosomal rna genes. the quantification of the pcr product was performed by high performance liquid chromatography, and calibration curves were obtained by amplification from defined quantities of purified plasmodium genomic dna. using this method, it was possible to quantify de ...	1996	8813659
sequence analysis of the apical membrane antigen-1 genes (ama-1) of plasmodium yoelii yoelii and plasmodium berghei.		1996	8813699
re-investigation of the circumsporozoite protein-based induction of sterile immunity against plasmodium berghei infection.	although the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of the malaria parasite is the most immunologically characterized protein, the goal of using this protein in an effective vaccine has not yet been realized. monoclonal antibody against the repetitive immunodominant b-epitope of the csp can protect mice from malaria, but vaccines that induce antibody against this epitope do not consistently induce protection. toward developing a rationale for a csp-based effective vaccine, we have re-investigated the ab ...	1996	8817831
identification of a plasmodium berghei antigen sharing common features with p. falciparum and p. chabaudi parasitophorous-vacuole membrane antigens.	on the basis of immunological cross-reactivity, we identified a 43-kda plasmodium berghei antigen with homology to the exp-1 antigen from p. falciparium. the p. berghei antigen was recognized by an antibody directed against an epitope on the c-terminus of the p. falciparum exp-1 protein. this antigen is localized on the surface of the parasite and shares peptide sequence homology with the p. chabudi antigen ag3008. to investigate further the role of the p. berghei antigen, we designed antisense ...	1996	8825207
the erythrocytic schizogony of two synchronized strains of plasmodium berghei, nk65 and anka, in normocytes and reticulocytes.	by a modified percoll-glucose centrifugation technique the rings and young trophozoites of two strains of plasmodium berghei, nk65 and anka, were separated from the other erythrocytic stages and inoculated into mice. the subsequent infection was followed for anka in normal mice and for nk65 in normal mice and in mice with high-grade reticulocytosis induced by injections of phenylhydrazine. the duration of the erythrocytic schizogony of the nk65 strain was shown to be independent of the age of th ...	1996	8825215
4-aminoquinoline analogs of chloroquine with shortened side chains retain activity against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum.	we have synthesized several 4-aminoquinolines with shortened side chains that retain activity against chloroquine-resistant isolates of plasmodium falciparum malaria (w. hofheinz, c. jaquet, and s. jolidon, european patent 94116281.0, june 1995). we report here an assessment of the activities of four selected compounds containing ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl side chains. reasonable in vitro activity (50% inhibitory concentration, < 100 nm) against chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum strains was ...	1996	8843292
synthesis and antiprotozoal activities of some new triazine derivatives including a new antitrypanosomal agent: sipi-1029.	two series of compounds, 1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4, 6-diamino-1-(omega-haloalkyloxy)-s-triazines and o, o'-bis (4, 6-diamino-1, 2-dihydro-2, 2-disubstituted-s-triazin-l-yl) alkanediols were synthesized and tested against plasmodium berghei and trypanosoma evansi in mice. most title compounds showed good antimalarial activity and compounds iic-e showed good antitrypanosomal effect. after further studies on pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy on infected cattles compound iie ( ...	1996	9863252
epitope mapping on the ookinete surface antigen pbs21 of plasmodium berghei: identification of the site of binding of transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody 13.1.	the ookinete surface protein of plasmodium berghei pbs21 belongs to a class of sexual stage antigens able to induce in the vertebrate host a transmission-blocking immune response. the effectors of this transmission-blocking immunity are antibody molecules directed against particular protein epitopes. the anti-pbs21 monoclonal antibody 13.1 is known to bind a linear stretch of amino acids within the primary sequence of pbs21 and to efficiently block the development of p. berghei in the mosquito g ...	1996	9257345
[chemical and biological evaluation of the effect of plant extracts against plasmodium berghei].	extracts from thirteen species of plants were evaluated by "in vivo" antimalarial test against plasmodium berghei effects. significant activities were observed in the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, elaborated of cedrela tonduzii leaves, trichilia havanensis and trichilia americana barks, neurolaena lobata and gliricidia sepium leaves and duranta repens fruits. compounds identified include flavanoids, coumarins, mellilotic acid and iridoids which some kind of biodynamic activity has previous ...	1996	9246360
isolation and analysis of nephritic-producing immune complexes in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	a nephritic condition was developed by infecting swiss webster albino mice with the malarial parasite plasmodium berghei nk 65. these animals were tested for urinary protein and the presence of circulating immune complexes using reagent strips and a polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation assay. the circulating immune complexes were isolated from the sera using both affinity chromatography and peg precipitation and from the kidney by acid elution. the isolated complexes were dissociated into the ...	1995	9583966
heme oxygenase and related indices in chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains of plasmodium berghei.	chloroquine-resistant (cqr) and -sensitive (cqs) plasmodium berghei k173 strains possessed significant activities of heme oxygenase, biliverdin reductase and heme polymerase. heme oxygenase and biliverdin reducatase activities of cqr were significantly higher (7-10 fold) as compared to that of cqs p. berghei, whereas heme polymerase showed a reverse trend (two-fold decrease). however, a 10-fold increase in heme, three-fold increase in ferriprotoporphyrin ix and a two-fold increase in hemozoin le ...	1995	8847167
studies on heme and heme oxygenase during plasmodium berghei infection in golden hamsters.	heme and heme degrading enzymes namely heme-oxygenase (ho) and biliverdin reductase (br) were monitored in liver and spleen during plasmodium berghei infection in golden hamsters. there was a sequential rise in the levels of heme and ho with the rise in parasitaemia. br was also significantly increased in these organs following infection.	1995	8786168
effects of artesunate on immune function in mice.	to study the effects of artesunate (dihydroartemisinine-12-alpha-succinate, art) on immune function in mice.	1995	8701764
proteolysis of a 34 kda phosphoprotein coincident with a decrease in protein kinase activity during the erythrocytic schizont stage of the malaria parasite.	protein phosphorylation events may play important roles in the replication and differentiation of the malarial parasite. investigations into the lability of a plasmodium protein kinase revealed that a 34 kda parasite phosphoprotein is rapidly converted into a 19 kda fragment. coincident with this conversion is a nearly total loss of a protein kinase activity, as determined from the phosphorylation of endogenous protein substrates. both the conversion of the 34 kda protein to the 19 kda protein a ...	1995	8520577
evaluation of resistant-reversal, cdri compound 87/209 and its possible mode of action in rodent experimental malaria.	the resurgence of malaria in form of resistance against chloroquine (cq) has decreased the importance of the drug as a chemotherapeutic agent. if an agent in combination with cq can make cq resistant plasmodia susceptible to cq, the problem of drug resistance may then be solved. use of conventional drugs like verapamil, desipramine along with cq suggested the feasibility of this approach. this report is concerned with a new class of compound, cdri compound 87/209 (15 mg/kg b. wt.) which is given ...	1995	8525290
antimalarial activity of oxidized starch and cellulose imine derivatives.	with the purpose of screening potential antimalarial agents, oxidized starch imine derivatives of sulfonamides or pyrimidine - derivatives of sulfisoxazole (ml8), sulfameter (ml11) and trimethoprim (ml13) - and oxidized cellulose imine derivatives of dapsone (ml14), sulfadiazine (ml17), sulfamethoxazole (ml18), sulfisoxazole (ml19), sulfamethoxypyridazine (ml20) and sulfameter (ml22) were submitted to in vivo biological assays with mice infected with plasmodium berghei. only ml11 was 100% curati ...	1995	8527105
effect of fatty acid treatment in cerebral malaria-susceptible and nonsusceptible strains of mice.	cerebral malaria-susceptible (c57bl/6) mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka (pba) developed low parasitemia and died from typical neurological symptoms between 8 to 10 days after infection. in contrast, nonsusceptible (balb/c) mice developed high peripheral blood parasitemia and died 22-24 days later without neurological implications. daily injections of fatty acids (fa) during the first 3 days after infection protected c57bl/6 mice from cerebral symptoms but had no effect on balb/c mice. ...	1995	8544078
syntheses and antimalarial activities of n-substituted 11-azaartemisinins.	a two-step reaction sequence between artemisinin and methanolic ammonia followed by treatment with amberlyst 15 yielded 11-azaartemisinin in 65% yield. substituting a variety of primary alkyl- and heteroaromatic amines for ammonia in the reaction sequence yields n-substituted 11-azaartemisinins in similar or greater yield. when amberlyst 15 is replaced by a mixture of sulfuric acid/silica gel, both 11-azaartemisinin and the expected metabolite, 10-azadesoxyartemisinin, are formed in 45% and 15% ...	1995	8544181
susceptibility to plasmodium berghei infection in rats is modulated by the acute phase response.	brown norway (bn) and sprague dawley (sd) rats are known to differ in their susceptibility to infection with sporozoites of plasmodium berghei, as measured by the density of liver schizonts. because of the known inhibitory effect of non-specific immunomodulators on schizont development, we compared some aspects of the acute phase response in these two rat strains. lps induced il-6 production was measured in supernatants of spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages of both strains. sd rats, which a ...	1995	8552412
antimalarial properties of soy-bean fat emulsions.	intralipid and ivelip are commercial preparations of soy-bean lipid extracts used for intravenous supplementation of lipids in various clinical conditions. they were found to inhibit the growth of plasmodium falciparum in culture with an ic50 of 8.07 +/- 2.13 and 13.32 +/- 2.05 mg.ml-1, respectively. intralipid rapidly and efficiently inhibited nucleic acid synthesis in cultured p. falciparum, exhibiting full inhibitory activity in less than 2 h. ivelip injected intraperitoneally, was found by t ...	1995	8719958
plasmodium berghei: sensitivity of chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains to irradiation and the effect of irradiated malaria parasites on cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenases.	differences in sensitivities of chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium berghei were observed following irradiation of the parasites. a dose of 15 kilorads from a cobalt-60 source killed the erythrocytic stages of the chloroquine-sensitive strain and no parasitemias were observed when mice were injected with these irradiated parasites. in contrast, when the chloroquine-resistant strain was irradiated with the same dose of cobalt-60 and injected into mice, an infecti ...	1995	8581351
interferon-gamma and the induction of protective igg2a antibodies in non-lethal plasmodium berghei infections of mice.	mice treated with anti-ifn-gamma monoclonal antibodies were unable to recover from infection with an attenuated variant of p. berghei (pb xat) which causes non-lethal malaria in normal mice. on the other hand, treatment with anti-il-4 monoclonal antibodies had no effect on the course of infection. ifn-gamma was produced by spleen cells in vitro during the early phase of the infection. treatment with anti-ifn-gamma suppressed development of an anti-plasmodial igg2a immunoglobulin isotype in the s ...	1995	8587787
[erythrocyte immunity and regulating factors in mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain].	after seventy-two icr mice were inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka strain, parasitaemia was revealed in all animals inoculated in two to seven days. during the course the number of malaria parasites increased rapidly from 2.3 +/- 1.3 x 10(3) on d2 to 93.7 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) on d7, the number of erythrocytes increased from 8.2 +/- 0.9 x 10(12)/l on d0 to 11.1 +/- 1.0 x 10(12)/l on d2 and then decreased gradually, reaching 1.9 +/- 0.4 x 10(12)/l on d7, and the number of white blood cells appeare ...	1995	8732077
decrease in platelet survival and total platelet sialic acid concentration in rats infected with plasmodium bergei bergei.	suckling wistar rats aged 3-5 weeks were infected through their dorsal tail vein with p. berghei berghei passed in swiss albino mice. platelet recovery and platelet survival using 51cr-labelled heterologous platelets obtained from adult wistar rats were determined in the infected animals on different post-infection days and on a group of non-infected rats as controls. total platelet sialic acid was also determined in the same groups of animals. the results showed reduced platelet recovery, short ...	1995	7495199
synthesis and biological activity of novel metal complexes of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones.	2-acetylpyridine-(2-methylthiosemicarbazone), 2-acetylpyridine-(4-methylthiosemicarbazone), 2-acetylpyridine-(4-phenylthiosemicarbazone) and some of their metal complexes of the platinum group have been synthesized, characterized by chemical and spectral methods and studied for their antibacterial, antifungal and amoebicidal activity in vitro. they were studied also for their antimalarial activity and for toxicity in vivo. the platinum metal chelates exhibited significant activity against a wide ...	1995	7495474
monopalmitic acid-peptide conjugates induce cytotoxic t cell responses against malarial epitopes: importance of spacer amino acids.	cytolytic t cells (ctl) play a critical role in providing protection against the liver stage of malaria infection. previous investigations have shown that induction of ctl against peptide or proteins can be achieved by attachment of lipids. in the present study, we used the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein ctl epitope (syipsaeki (pl76)). this peptide with cysteine-serine (cs) as spacer amino acids was coupled to palmitic acid (pa). the same ctl epitope containing only an extra serine ...	1995	7540640
effect of mosquito age and reproductive status on melanization of sephadex beads in plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible strains of anopheles gambiae.	malaria-refractory and -susceptible strains of the mosquito vector, anopheles gambiae, differ in their response to negatively-charged sephadex cm-25 beads. cm-25 beads elicit a much stronger melanization reaction in refractory mosquitoes than in susceptible mosquitoes. light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies documented a progression from early stages with small spots of melanin adhering to cm-25 beads to late stages where spots had grown and coalesced to form a dark dense cap ...	1995	7544819
[relationship between tumour necrosis factor and anemia of malaria].	in this paper, the relation between the level of the reactive oxygen species (ros) and relevant free radicals in the blood plasma of the balb/c mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain and their erythrocytic deformability (ed), and the relation between the ed and the hb indices of these mice were studied by chemiluminescence (cl), induced cl (icl) and laser diffraction method. the results indicated that the ed decreased with the increase of the level of ros and free radicals in blood pl ...	1995	7554164
attenuated immunogenic parasites are essential in the transfer of immunity to virulent plasmodium berghei.	a less virulent parasite of plasmodium berghei k173 was isolated that induced immunity against the more virulent parasite. immunity to this parasite but not to the virulent one, could be transferred by immune spleen cells but not by immune lymph node cells. however, the immune spleen cells did transfer immunity to the virulent strain if accompanied by infection with viable parasites of the less virulent strain, but only if they were allowed to proliferate for a period of 1 week before challenge ...	1995	7558142
cd8+ cell activation to a major mastocytoma rejection antigen, p815ab: requirement for tum- or helper peptides in priming for skin test reactivity to a p815ab-related peptide.	delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses, mediated by cd8+ cells and detected by skin test assay, occur in sensitized mice in response to challenge with class i-restricted antigenic peptides of mutagenized (tum-) p815 mastocytoma cells. in contrast, a nonapeptide related to a tumor rejection antigen, p815ab, failed in this study to elicit dth after sensitization of mice with irradiated tumor cells or adoptive transfer of p815ab-pulsed dendritic cells. unresponsiveness, however, could be ove ...	1995	7589074
cd8+ t-cell protective immunity induced by immunization with plasmodium berghei cs protein-derived synthetic peptides: evidence that localization of peptide-specific ctls is crucial for protection against malaria.	immunization of balb/c mice (h-2d) with a mixture of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i- and mhc class ii-restricted synthetic peptides emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) induced a high level of specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. peptides 249-260 or 252-260, derived from the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei and representing a h-2kd-restricted ctl epitope, were injected twice subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in balb/c mice in combination wit ...	1995	7590920
a conserved peptide sequence of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and antipeptide antibodies inhibit plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion of hep-g2 cells and protect immunized mice against p. berghei sporozoite challenge.	minutes after injection into the circulation, malaria sporozoites enter hepatocytes. the speed and specificity of the invasion process suggest that it is receptor mediated. the region ii sequence of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein includes a nonapeptide (wspcsvtcg) which is highly conserved in all of the cs proteins sequenced to data, including the one from plasmodium berghei. we have found that two peptides based on the p. falciparum region ii sequence, p18 (ewspcsvtcgngiqvr ...	1995	7591073
efficient binding of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptides to major histocompatibility complex class i molecule.	reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues have been examined for their ability to bind murine class i molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). eight pseudopeptide analogues of an antigenic peptide derived from plasmodium berghei (h-ser252-tyr-ile-pro-ser-ala-glu-lys-ile260-oh) were obtained by systematically replacing one peptide bond at a time by a reduced peptide bond psi (ch2-nh). the resulting analogues were then tested for their binding to a recombinant single chain sc-kd ...	1995	7592803
status of hepatic glutathione-s-transferase(s) during plasmodium berghei infection and chloroquine treatment in mastomys natalensis.	plasmodium berghei infection in mastomys natalensis impaired the hepatic mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic glutathione-s-transferase(s) activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate. the enzyme activity was concomitantly decreased with rise in parasitaemia. the decreased enzyme activity due to infection was almost normalized with oral treatment of 16 mg (kg body wt)-1 of chloroquine for 4 days.	1995	7622326
expression of the plasmodium berghei ookinete protein pbs21 in a baculovirus-insect cell system produces an efficient transmission blocking immunogen.	a surface protein of plasmodium berghei ookinetes, pbs21, was expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system in cell culture and in heliothis virescens larvae. groups of balb/c mice received two intraperitoneal inoculations of either i) tris-buffer or homogenized h. virescens larvae infected with wild-type baculovirus; ii) enriched, homogenized ookinetes, or iii) homogenized h. virescens larvae expressing recombinant pbs21 (rpbs21). all animals immunized with ookinetes or with rpbs21 had high tit ...	1995	7624157
plasmodium berghei: implication of intracellular glutathione and its related enzyme in chloroquine resistance in vivo.	glutathione (gsh) plays a critical role in the detoxication and the protection of cells against oxidative stress. in the present study we examined the relationship between the intracellular gsh levels as well as glutathione s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activities and how they relate to plasmodium berghei resistance to chloroquine. resistant strains (cqr30 and cqr60) were selected in vivo from a sensitive strain (nk65). marked increases in gsh ...	1995	7628559
plasmodium berghei: selection of mefloquine-resistant parasites through drug pressure in mosquitoes.	mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with schizonticidal activity on blood-stage parasites. studies of the role of mefloquine on the development of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi have been carried out that showed a dose-dependent effect on the sporogonic cycle of these parasites, with changes in the numbers of oocysts and the extent of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. in this study, we show that mefloquine-resistant p. berghei anka blood stage parasites could be selected thr ...	1995	7628567
activities of extracts and naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from triphyophyllum peltatum, ancistrocladus abbreviatus and ancistrocladus barteri against plasmodium berghei (anka strain) in vitro.	extracts from three tropical medicinal plant species belonging to the dioncophyllaceae (triphyophyllum peltatum) and the ancistrocladaceae (ancistrocladus abbreviatus and ancistrocladus barteri), and pure naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids derived from these species have been examined for the first time for their activity against asexual blood forms of plasmodium berghei (anka strain) in vitro. these activities were considerable and comparable with those earlier found against erythrocytic forms of p ...	1995	7650949
transgenic mice expressing high levels of soluble tnf-r1 fusion protein are protected from lethal septic shock and cerebral malaria, and are highly sensitive to listeria monocytogenes and leishmania major infections.	mice bearing a transgene coding for a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (tnfr1)-fcigg3 fusion protein and placed under the control of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene promoter were generated. depending on the mouse line, blood levels of the protein ranged from 25 ng/ml to over 100 micrograms/ml; this level of expression was most often transmitted to the transgene-bearing progeny as a relatively stable feature. high-expressor mice were completely resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced sh ...	1995	7664802
inhibition of plasmodium berghei liver schizont development and reduction of cytokine production capacity in rats by dietary fish oil supplementation.	experimental primary infection with plasmodium berghei in rats is known to be influenced by several cytokines. dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids has been shown to influence cytokine production capacity and to protect mice from cerebral malaria. we investigated the effect of dietary fish oil (fo) supplementation on cytokine and nitric oxide production and liver schizont development in male brown norway rats. control groups were fed either a corn oil-supplemented diet (co) or standard lab ...	1995	7677226
chloroquine encapsulated in malaria-infected erythrocyte-specific antibody-bearing liposomes effectively controls chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei infections in mice.	the suitability of liposomes as drug carriers in the treatment of drug-resistant rodent malaria was examined after covalently attaching f(ab')2 fragments of a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab), mab f10, raised against the host cell membranes isolated from the plasmodium berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes, to the liposome surface. the antibody-bearing liposomes thus formed specifically recognized the p. berghei-infected mouse erythrocytes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. no such specifi ...	1995	7695303
the effect of chemical substitution on the metabolic activation, metabolic detoxication, and pharmacological activity of amodiaquine in the mouse.	the adverse reactions associated with the antimalarial amodiaquine (aq), agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity, have been attributed to the bioactivation of the drug to a quinone imine metabolite. therefore the effect of chemical modification on the metabolism of aq was studied, with particular reference to the prevention of bioactivation and the introduction of glucuronidation. glutathione conjugates of aq and desethylaq were eliminated in bile after intraportal administration of [3h]aq (54 mumol/ ...	1995	7714794
chaperonin-like repeats in a 34-kda plasmodium berghei phosphoprotein.		1995	7731926
long-term survival of plasmodium sporozoites in vitro.		1995	7731930
maintenance of protective immunity against malaria by persistent hepatic parasites derived from irradiated sporozoites.	immunization of rodents and humans with irradiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites confers preerythrocytic stage-specific protective immunity to challenge infection. this immunity is directed against intrahepatic parasites and involves t cells and interferon gamma, which prevent development of exoerythrocytic stages and subsequent blood infection. the present study was undertaken to determine how protective immunity is achieved after immunization of rodent hosts with irradiated plasmodium berghe ...	1995	7732032
enhanced depletion of glutathione and increased liver oxidative damage in aflatoxin-fed mice infected with plasmodium berghei.	the effect of dietary aflatoxins b1 and g1 and plasmodium berghei infection on glutathione (gsh) levels and liver status in mice was investigated. three days after intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 x 10(6) parasitized red blood cells into the mice, there was a significant fall in blood glutathione levels accompanied by a significant increase in serum cholinesterase and liver malonic dialdehyde levels in the mice fed aflatoxin compared with those in the control group. the results suggested that ma ...	1995	7747309
use of synthetic peptide libraries for the h-2kd binding motif identification.	to identify kd-binding peptides, an approach based on small peptide libraries has been developed. these peptide libraries correspond to all possible single-amino acid variants of a particular kd-binding peptide, syipsaeyi, an analog of the plasmodium berghei 252-260 antigenic peptide syipsaeki. in the parent sequence, each position is replaced by all the genetically encoded amino acids (except cysteine). the multiple analog syntheses are performed either by the divide couple and recombine method ...	1995	7756754
effect of a cecropin-like synthetic peptide (shiva-3) on the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei.	the effect of a synthetic cecropin-like peptide, shiva-3, on in vitro ookinete development and on the early sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei in the midgut of anopheles albimanus was investigated. peptide concentrations of 75 and 100 microm were effective (p < 0.05) in reducing ookinete production and the number of infected mosquitoes in almost all experiments. these peptide concentrations in the midgut were not toxic for the survival of the mosquitoes. complete inhibition was obtained if ...	1995	7758540
plasmodium berghei infection: dichloroacetate improves survival in rats with lactic acidosis.	the kinetics of plasmodium berghei infection and the development of lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and anemia were defined in young wistar rats. this model of metabolic dysfunction, which is similar to that of severe human malaria, was used to test the hypothesis that dichloroacetate, a treatment for lactic acidosis, prolonged survival in rats receiving a single antimalarial dose of quinine (20 mg/kg). rats with hyperlactatemia (lactate > 5 mmol/liter, n = 183) were randomized to receive either ...	1995	7758543
stable transfection of malaria parasite blood stages.	genetic manipulation of malaria parasites would revolutionize the study of this group of pathogens and have implications for vaccine and drug development. this report describes the stable, drug-selectable genetic transformation of the clinically relevant intracellular blood stages of a malaria parasite. a plasmid transfection vector carrying the gene locus that encodes a drug-resistant form of the bifunctional enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from the rodent malaria parasite p ...	1995	7761856
characterization of a sporozoite antigen common to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei.	previous studies demonstrated that immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites protected mice against plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection and that this cross-protection was mediated, at least in part, by anti-sporozoite antibody. the experiments presented in this report show that serum and monoclonal antibodies derived from these protected mice identify a novel 42/54-kda antigen (designated circumsporozoite protein 2 or csp-2) in both p. falciparum and p. berghei sporozoites. anti-cs ...	1995	7770087