Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization of leishmania donovani antigens encapsulated in liposomes that induce protective immunity in balb/c mice. | leishmania donovani promastigote membrane antigens (lag) encapsulated in positively charged liposomes have been found to induce very significant levels of protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. the protectively immunized animals exhibited profound delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses. the extent of protection induced by the same antigens, however, varied depending on the charge of the vesicles, with maximum induction by positively charged liposomes, followed by n ... | 2002 | 12438344 |
| leishmania donovani suppresses activated protein 1 and nf-kappab activation in host macrophages via ceramide generation: involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. | in vitro infection of murine peritoneal macrophages with the protozoan leishmania donovani has been found to alter the signaling parameters of the host. the present study indicates that the enhancement of intracellular ceramide level in macrophages after infection is a major event relating to macrophage dysfunction. we have previously demonstrated that increased ceramide synthesis in host macrophages was involved in the dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk). in the pre ... | 2002 | 12438359 |
| saponins, il12 and bcg adjuvant in the fml-vaccine formulation against murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the fml antigen of leishmania donovani, in combination with either riedel de haën (r), quila, qs21 saponins, il12 or bcg, was used in vaccination of an outbred murine model against visceral leishmaniasis (vl). significant and specific increases in anti-fml igg and igm responses were detected for all adjuvants, and in anti-fml igg1, igg2a and igg2b and delayed type of hypersensitivity to l. donovani lysate (dth), only for all saponins and il12. the qs21-fml and quila-fml groups achieved the highe ... | 2002 | 12443660 |
| anilino-(2-bromophenyl) acetonitrile: a promising orally effective antileishmanial agent. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar is a worldwide disseminated intracellular infection caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan parasites leishmania donovani. chemotherapeutic scenario presents a deplorable picture and demands an urgent search for a new and safe anti-vl drugs, preferably active by oral route. in search of new antileishmanial agents, a total of 16 compounds belonging to the anilino-(substituted phenyl)-acetonitrile class were tested in vitro in promastigote/macrophase-amastig ... | 2002 | 12443794 |
| the sensitivity and specificity of leishmania chagasi recombinant k39 antigen in the diagnosis of american visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. | the sensitivity and specificity of a leishmania chagasi recombinant k39 (rk39)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was assessed in natal, brazil. anti-rk39 antibodies were detected in 93.3% of patients with parasitologically confirmed vl (n = 120) and in 33 others with clinically diagnosed disease. anti-rk39 antibodies decreased significantly following treatment. the presence of antibodies was inversely correlated with development of a positive leishma ... | 2002 | 12452487 |
| abietane diterpenoids and triterpenoic acids from salvia cilicica and their antileishmanial activities. | bioguided-fractionation of an acetone extract of the roots of salvia cilicica (lamiaceae) led to isolation of two new diterpenes, 7-hydroxy-12-methoxy-20-nor-abieta-1,5(10),7,9,12-pentaen-6,14-dione and abieta-8,12-dien-11,14-dione (12-deoxy-royleanone), together with oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, ferruginol, inuroyoleanol and cryptanol. their structures were determined spectroscopically, which included hreims and 2d nmr spectroscopic analysis. the new abietane derivatives showed appreciable in ... | 2002 | 12453510 |
| oral miltefosine for indian visceral leishmaniasis. | there are 500,000 cases per year of visceral leishmaniasis, which occurs primarily in the indian subcontinent. almost all untreated patients die, and all the effective agents have been parenteral. miltefosine is an oral agent that has been shown in small numbers of patients to have a favorable therapeutic index for indian visceral leishmaniasis. we performed a clinical trial in india comparing miltefosine with the most effective standard treatment, amphotericin b. | 2002 | 12456849 |
| prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid and evidence for a 9,11-endoperoxide prostaglandin h2 reductase in leishmania. | lysates of leishmania promastigotes can metabolise arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. prostaglandin production was heat sensitive and not inhibited by aspirin or indomethacin. we cloned and sequenced the cdna of leishmania major, leishmania donovani, and leishmania tropica prostaglandin f(2alpha) synthase, and overexpressed their respective 34-kda recombinant proteins that catalyse the reduction of 9,11-endoperoxide pgh(2) to pgf(2alpha). database search and sequence alignment alignment showed ... | 2002 | 12464415 |
| evaluation of the direct agglutination test and the rk39 dipstick test for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | the direct agglutination test (dat) based on a freeze-dried antigen and the rk39 dipstick test were evaluated for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). the sensitivity and specificity of both tests were determined using sera from confirmed vl patients (n = 21), healthy controls (n = 19) and from patients with other confirmed infectious diseases (n = 42). the dat had a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. the rk39 had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 82%. both tests were ... | 2002 | 12471430 |
| the interplay between environmental and host factors during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern sudan. | parasitic diseases, including human visceral leishmaniasis, are multifactorial. factors that are expected to play an important role in the parasite-human interaction are exposure, parasite "virulence" and host resistance factors. in populations exposed to leishmania donovani most subjects do not allow the parasites to establish themselves or remain asymptomatic. some individuals, however, fail to control parasite expansion and dissemination and develop a visceral disease. we report here the resu ... | 2002 | 12475635 |
| inhibition of hsp90 in trypanosoma cruzi induces a stress response but no stage differentiation. | the 90-kda heat shock proteins (hsp90) are important in the regulation of numerous intracellular processes in eukaryotic cells. in particular, hsp90 has been shown to be involved in the control of the cellular differentiation of the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. we investigated the role of hsp90 in the related parasite trypanosoma cruzi by inhibiting its function using geldanamycin (ga). ga induced a dose-dependent increase in heat shock protein levels and a dose-dependent arrest of pr ... | 2002 | 12477794 |
| difference in dna sequences in ssu rdna variable regions among pathogens isolated from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in china. | to confirm the existence of point mutations in the ssu rdna variable regions of 5 leishmania donovani (l.d.) isolates from different epidemic foci in china. | 2002 | 12490086 |
| s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from leishmania donovani. molecular, genetic, and biochemical characterization of null mutants and overproducers. | the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (adometdc) has been advanced as a potential target for antiparasitic chemotherapy. to investigate the importance of this protein in a model parasite, the gene encoding adometdc has been cloned and sequenced from leishmania donovani. the delta adometdc null mutants were created in the insect vector form of the parasite by double targeted gene replacement. the delta adometdc strains were incapable of growth in medium without pol ... | 2002 | 11734561 |
| tryparedoxin peroxidase of leishmania donovani: molecular cloning, heterologous expression, specificity, and catalytic mechanism. | tryparedoxin peroxidase (txnpx) of trypanosomatidae is the terminal peroxidase of a complex redox cascade that detoxifies hydroperoxides by nadph (nogoceke et al., biol. chem. 378, 827-836, 1997). a gene putatively coding for a peroxiredoxin-type txnpx was identified in l. donovani and expressed in escherichia coli to yield an n-terminally his-tagged protein (ldh6txnpx). ldh6txnpx proved to be an active peroxidase with tryparedoxin (txn) 1 and 2 of crithidia fasciculata as cosubstrates. ldh6txnp ... | 2002 | 11795890 |
| vacuolar type h+ pumping pyrophosphatases of parasitic protozoa. | trans-membrane proton pumping is responsible for a myriad of physiological processes including the generation of proton motive force that drives bioenergetics. among the various proton pumping enzymes, vacuolar pyrophosphatases (v-ppases) form a distinct class of proton pumps, which are characterised by their ability to translocate protons across a membrane by using the potential energy released by hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond of inorganic pyrophosphate. until recently, v-ppases were ... | 2002 | 11796117 |
| the archaeology of apoptosis. | 2002 | 11803368 | |
| programmed cell death in the unicellular protozoan parasite leishmania. | in the present study we have demonstrated some features characterizing programmed cell death (pcd) in the unicellular protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. we report that pcd is initiated in stationary phase cultures of promastigotes and both in actively growing cultures of axenic amastigotes and promastigotes upon treatment with anti leishmanial drugs (pentostam and amphotericin b). however, the two cell types respond to antileishmanial drugs dif ... | 2002 | 11803374 |
| an insight into the active site of a type i dna topoisomerase from the kinetoplastid protozoan leishmania donovani. | dna topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that govern the topological interconversions of dna thereby playing a key role in many aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. recently determined crystal structures of topoisomerase fragments, representing nearly all the known subclasses, have been solved. the type ib enzymes are structurally distinct from other known topoisomerases but are similar to a class of enzymes referred to as tyrosine recombinases. a putative topoisomerase i open reading frame from ... | 2002 | 11809893 |
| angiogenesis inhibitors specific for methionine aminopeptidase 2 as drugs for malaria and leishmaniasis. | methionine aminopeptidase 2 (metap2) is responsible for the hydrolysis of the initiator methionine molecule from the majority of newly synthesized proteins. we have cloned the metap2 gene from the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (pfmetap2; genbank accession number af348320). the cloned pfmetap2 has no intron, consists of 1,544 bp and encodes a protein of 354 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40,537 d and an overall base composition of 72.54% a + t. pfmetap2 has 40% sequence identity wi ... | 2002 | 11810023 |
| a low-background inducible promoter system in leishmania donovani. | we report here a second-generation tetracycline-responsive repressor-operator system in leishmania donovani. in this system, expression of a reporter luciferase gene (luc) is driven by the inducible leishmania ribosomal rna promoter on the dna strand opposite to a hygromycin resistance gene (hyg) whose expression is driven by the endogenous pol i promoter on chromosome 27 (rdna locus) or the endogenous pol ii promoter on chromosome 35 (ld1 locus). transgenic cell lines showed regulation of luc g ... | 2002 | 11814573 |
| a plasma membrane p-type h(+)-atpase regulates intracellular ph in leishmania mexicana amazonensis. | a recent report (mukherjee et al., j. biol. chem. 276 (2001) 5563) has proposed that the plasma membrane mg(+)-atpase of promastigotes of leishmania donovani, that is involved in its intracellular ph regulation, is an electroneutral h(+)/k(+) antiporter rather than an electrogenic h(+) pump. since this proposition has important implications for the use of the pump as a target for chemotherapy, we investigated its nature in the mammalian stage (amastigote) of l. mexicana amazonensis and compared ... | 2002 | 11814574 |
| genomic organization and functional expression of differentially regulated cysteine protease genes of leishmania donovani complex. | for the first time, we report the genomic organization and characterization of cathepsin l-like cysteine protease gene cluster from the members of leishmania donovani complex. the cysteine protease gene cluster of leishmania chagasi has five copies of tandemly arranged genes. the first gene (ldccys1a) is identical to ldccys1 cdna and is predominantly expressed in promastigotes. the last gene (ldccys1e) is identical to ldccys1a with a 13 amino acids deletion in the mature domain, including one of ... | 2002 | 11814698 |
| reduced infectivity of a leishmania donovani biopterin transporter genetic mutant and its use as an attenuated strain for vaccination. | pterins are essential for the growth of leishmania species, and recent work has led to the isolation of the biopterin transporter bt1. in this study, we inactivated the leishmania donovani biopterin transporter bt1 by gene disruption mediated by homologous recombination. no transport of biopterin was detected in this mutant. the l. donovani bt1 null mutant showed a much lesser capacity for inducing infection in mice than wild-type parasites and could elicit protective immunity in mice susceptibl ... | 2002 | 11748164 |
| combination therapy with indolylquinoline derivative and sodium antimony gluconate cures established visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. | 2-(2"-dichloroacetamidobenzyl)-3-(3'-indolylquinoline), designated indolylquinoline derivative a, reduced the splenic and the liver parasite burdens by >93.0% in leishmania donovani-infected hamsters, whereas sodium antimony gluconate (sag) reduced the burdens approximately 80.0%. complete clearance of parasitemia from the livers and spleens was noticed when infected animals received indolylquinoline derivative a plus sag, suggesting that indolylquinoline derivative a has potential as a new agen ... | 2002 | 11751149 |
| bacopasaponin c: critical evaluation of anti-leishmanial properties in various delivery modes. | bacopasaponin c, an indigenous glycoside, was isolated from indian medicinal plant bacopa monniera (b. brahmi) and was tested for antileishmanial properties both in free and in various delivery modes, e.g., niosomes, microspheres, and nanoparticles that are used now as alternatives to more commonly used liposomes. the different vesicles were prepared by published protocols. the percent intercalation of bacopasaponin c in liposomes, niosomes, and micropspheres determined at its absorption maximal ... | 2002 | 11839209 |
| synthesis of plumbagin derivatives and their inhibitory activities against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. | plumbagin, a plant-derived bioactive naphthoquinonoid compound, was converted to a hydroquinonoid derivative, which was studied for its tumour-inhibitory and antileishmanial activities for the first time. a similar chemical transformation was undertaken on an analogous dimeric compound, diospyrin, and its bioassay results were compared with those of the plumbagin derivative. synthesis of the derivative of plumbagin did not result in a marked enhancement of the tumour-inhibitory activity, whereas ... | 2002 | 11933114 |
| expression of biopterin transporter (bt1) protein in leishmania. | the present work focuses on the growth phase regulated expression of biopterin transporter gene (bt1) from the ld1 locus on chromosome 35 of leishmania donovani. antiserum against recombinant bt1 detected a polypeptide of 45 kda of equal intensity at lag, log and stationary phases of promastigote growth, both in l. donovani strain lsb-7.1 (mhom/bl/67/itmap263), and strain lsb-146.1 (hom/ir/95/x81), a natural isolate from isfehan, iran that caused cutaneous leishmaniasis. however, in both these s ... | 2002 | 11934499 |
| klaivanolide, an antiprotozoal lactone from uvaria klaineana. | bioguided-fractionation of a ch(2)cl(2) extract of the stems of uvaria klaineana (annonaceae) led to isolation of klaivanolide, a novel bisunsaturated 7-membered lactone (5-acetoxy-7-benzoyloxymethyl-7h-oxepin-2-one), together with benzyl benzoate. klaivanolide showed potent in vitro antileishmanial activity against both sensitive and amphotericin b-resistant promastigote forms of leishmania donovani with ic(50) values of 1.75 and 3.12 microm, respectively. the compound also showed in vitro tryp ... | 2002 | 11937171 |
| synthesis of a novel quinoline derivative, 2-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylamino)-n-phenylacetamide--a potential antileishmanial agent. | some novel quinoline derivatives were prepared and tested for antileishmanial activity. 2-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylamino)-n-phenylacetamide (2) was found to be significantly more active than the standard antileishmanial drug sodium antimony gluconate (sag) in reducing the parasite load both in the spleen and liver at a much lower concentration in hamster models. the results suggest that the compound could be exploited as an antileishmanial drug. | 2002 | 11937327 |
| analysis of stereoelectronic properties, mechanism of action and pharmacophore of synthetic indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione derivatives in relation to antileishmanial activity using quantum chemical, cyclic voltammetry and 3-d-qsar catalyst procedures. | several indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione (tryptanthrin) derivatives exhibited remarkable activity at concentrations below 100 ng/ml when tested against in vitro leishmania donovani amastigotes. the in vitro toxicity studies indicate that the compounds are fairly well tolerated in both macrophage and neuronal lines. an analysis based on qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies between in vitro antileishmanial activity and molecular electronic structure of 27 analogu ... | 2002 | 11937358 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of three acridine thioethers against leishmania donovani. | the lack of definitive chemotherapeutic agents to fight against visceral leishmaniasis has lead to the testing of numerous compounds. in the present work, we carry out an in-depth study of the activity against leishmania donovani of three acridine derivatives both in vitro and in vivo. these compounds have proven to be highly effective at medium and high concentrations of 10 microg/ml, against both flagellate and nonflagellate forms of the parasite, which, though obtained in vitro, closely resem ... | 2002 | 11937777 |
| serodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic potential of a 78kda protein of leishmania donovani of indian origin. | the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania donovani using crude parasite antigen is complicated in many endemic areas by cross-reactions with serum from humans infected with other protozoan diseases. the search for pure antigens avoiding such cross-reactions is in progress. developing a vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis has been much more successful than against visceral leishmaniasis. immunoprophylactic studies using various combinations of antigens and adjuvants are al ... | 2002 | 11951057 |
| design and antileishmanial activity of amphotericin b-loaded stable ionic amphiphile biovector formulations. | a new delivery system, ionic amphiphilic biovector (abv), comprised of anionic lipids (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol) included in a cationic cross-linked polysaccharide matrix was used as a reservoir for amphotericin b (amb). two abv formulations exhibited an in vitro and in vivo efficacy similar to commercial ambisome against leishmania donovani-infected mice. the higher stability of these abv formulations indicates their potential for further development and applications. | 2002 | 11959611 |
| leishmania donovani transmission by packed rbc transfusion to anemic dogs in the united states. | 2002 | 11961247 | |
| increase in cytosolic ca2+ levels through the activation of non-selective cation channels induced by oxidative stress causes mitochondrial depolarization leading to apoptosis-like death in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | reactive oxygen species are important regulators of protozoal infection. promastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of kala-azar, undergo an apoptosis-like death upon exposure to h2o2. the present study shows that upon activation of death response by h2o2, a dose- and time-dependent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential occurs. this loss is accompanied by a depletion of cellular glutathione, but cardiolipin content or thiol oxidation status remains unchanged. atp levels are red ... | 2002 | 11983701 |
| predicting kala-azar disease manifestations in asymptomatic patients with latent leishmania donovani infection by detection of antibody against recombinant k39 antigen. | clinically visceral leishmaniasis is suspected in only a fraction of infected persons, as the majority of these may not have clinical manifestations and remain asymptomatic. there is scanty information on diagnosing latent infections and predicting disease in asymptomatic persons. we therefore carried out a study on asymptomatic contacts of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis by using methods for detection of antibody to recombinant k39 (rk39) antigen. a ... | 2002 | 11986261 |
| the performance of direct agglutination tests (dat) in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis among ethiopian patients with hiv co-infection. | the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in ethiopia has dramatically increased over the last 10 years, coinciding with the advent of the hiv epidemic. hiv co-infection in vl patients results in atypical, clinical and serological presentations, and may hamper serological diagnosis of vl. the performance of direct agglutination tests (dat) in the diagnosis of vl in 103 ethiopian patients with or without hiv infection was therefore investigated. the dat results indicated that 96 of the patient ... | 2002 | 11989530 |
| superior chemotherapeutic efficacy of amphotericin b in tuftsin-bearing liposomes against leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. | chemotherapeutic efficacy of the amphotericin b (amp b), which is the drug of choice for treatment of the leishmanial infections (kala-azar) that become resistant to the conventional chemotherapy using antimonials, has been examined in the leishmania donovani infected hamsters after encapsulating the drug in tuftsin-free as well as tuftsin-bearing liposomes. the activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by delivering amp b in tuftsin-free liposomes. this antileishmanial effect of the lipos ... | 2002 | 11996085 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses to glucose regulated protein 78 -- a novel leishmania donovani antigen. | the recently cloned glucose regulated protein 78 (grp78) of leishmania donovani has been suggested as a new and promising leishmania vaccine candidate. we assessed antibody and t-cell reactivity to grp78 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and in lymphoproliferative assays. serological evaluation of plasma samples obtained in sudan revealed that 89% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl), 78% with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl), and 85% with cutaneous leishmaniasis ... | 2002 | 12000658 |
| functional analysis of cathepsin b-like cysteine proteases from leishmania donovani complex. evidence for the activation of latent transforming growth factor beta. | cathepsin b-like genes from leishmania donovani and leishmania chagasi have been isolated and characterized. it is a single gene, which is constitutively expressed in all the life cycle stages of the parasite. studies using cathepsin b-specific inhibitor treatment suggested that cathepsin b does not seem to play a role in the promastigote stages of the parasite, however it aids in the parasite survival within the host macrophages. antisense mrna inhibition of cathepsin b gene also revealed that ... | 2002 | 12000761 |
| cloning and characterization of a leucyl aminopeptidase from three pathogenic leishmania species. | aminopeptidases are emerging as exciting novel drug targets and vaccine candidates in parasitic infections. in this study, we describe for the first time an aminopeptidase from three highly pathogenic leishmania species. intronless genes encoding a leucyl aminopeptidase (lap) were cloned from leishmania amazonensis, leishmania donovani, and leishmania major, which encoded 60-kda proteins that displayed homology to leucyl aminopeptidases from gram-negative bacteria, plants, and mammals. the lap g ... | 2002 | 12006595 |
| methotrexate conjugate with branched polypeptide influences leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in experimental animals. | methotrexate (mtx) has been coupled to various structurally related, polycationic (poly[lys(dl-ala(m))] (ak), poly[lys(ser(i)-dl-ala(m))] (sak), poly[lys(dl-ala(m)-leu(i))] (alk)), or amphoteric (poly[lys(glu(i)-dl-ala(m))] (eak)) synthetic branched polypeptides containing poly[l-lys] backbone by the aid of bop reagent. the average degree of mtx incorporation was found to be dependent on the charge properties of the polymer. under the experimental conditions used, the molar substitution ratio ac ... | 2002 | 12009941 |
| adenine phosphoribosyltransferase isoforms of arabidopsis and their potential contributions to adenine and cytokinin metabolism. | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt; ec 2.4.2.7) is a constitutively expressed enzyme involved in the one-step salvage of adenine to amp. the arabidopsis thaliana genome contains five sequences annotated as encoding apt or apt-like enzymes. three of these have now been cloned, over-expressed and compared using kinetic analyses. at a cytosolic ph, all bind adenine efficiently based on their km values (0.8-2.6 &mgr;m), although apt1 metabolizes adenine at a rate 31-53 times faster than apt2 and ... | 2002 | 12010467 |
| carboxy terminal domain of the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii of leishmania donovani has an unusually low number of phosphorylation sites. | the c-terminal domain (ctd) of the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii in higher eukaryotes has an altered form in leishmania donovani. to determine whether this is a general feature of the kinetoplastida and to investigate the role of this domain in parasitic rna pol ii transcription, we isolated the gene encoding rna pol ii ls (rpoliils) and analyzed its c-terminal domain. the discreteness observed may be due to a functional constraint delineating parasite from host. | 2002 | 12011776 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in paediatrics. | visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne systemic infection, which affects half a million people each year in many areas of the world. typical disease manifests with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and progressive deterioration of the host. although molecular methods appear promising as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, definite diagnosis still relies on the demonstration of the parasite in tissue. pentavalent antimonial compounds remain the mainstay of treatment worldwide, except in indi ... | 2002 | 12015464 |
| antileishmanial activities of several classes of aromatic dications. | aromatic dicationic molecules possess impressive activity against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, including pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidium parvum, and candida albicans. in this work, 58 aromatic cations were examined for inhibitory activity against axenic amastigote-like leishmania donovani parasites. in general, the most potent of the compounds were substituted diphenyl furan and thiophene dications. 2,5-bis-(4-amidinophenyl)thiophene was the most active compound. this agent dis ... | 2002 | 11850264 |
| in vivo activities of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors against leishmania donovani and toxoplasma gondii. | the in vivo activities of three bisphosphonates were determined against leishmania donovani and toxoplasma gondii. alendronate was essentially inactive against both parasites. pamidronate was active against l. donovani by intravenous administration. risedronate had a 50% effective dosage of five 2.6-mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneal doses against l. donovani-infected mice but was less effective against t. gondii-infected mice. | 2002 | 11850291 |
| epidemiology and clinical manifestations of leishmania donovani infection in two villages in an endemic area in eastern sudan. | we conducted a longitudinal study in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in eastern sudan to compare the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of leishmania donovani infection in two populations differing in ethnic background and duration of residence in the area. the study took place in two villages from april 1994 to april 1996. in um-salala village, which is inhabited by members of the masaleet tribe, half of the villagers had previous exposure to cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaria ... | 2002 | 11851953 |
| kala azar associated with malaria. | 2002 | 11860324 | |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis with crude or recombinant k39 antigen. | the diagnosis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl), a dermatosis that provides the only known reservoir for the parasite leishmania donovani in india, remains a problem. timely recognition and treatment of pkdl would contribute significantly to the control of kala-azar. we evaluated here the potential of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a diagnostic tool for pkdl. antigen prepared from promastigotes and axenic amastigotes with parasite isolates that were derived from ski ... | 2002 | 11874880 |
| molecular dissection of the functional domains of a unique, tartrate-resistant, surface membrane acid phosphatase in the primitive human pathogen leishmania donovani. | the primitive trypanosomatid pathogen of humans, leishmania donovani, constitutively expresses a unique externally oriented, tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase on its surface membrane. this is of interest because these organisms are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that reside and multiply within the hydrolytic milieu of mammalian macrophage phago-lysosomes. here we report the identification of the gene encoding this novel l. donovani enzyme. in addition, we characterized its structu ... | 2002 | 11882658 |
| specific recognition and cleavage of galectin-3 by leishmania major through species-specific polygalactose epitope. | lipophosphoglycan is a major surface molecule of leishmania, protozoa parasites, which are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a disease that annually afflicts millions of people worldwide. the oligosaccharide structures of lipophosphoglycan varies among species, and epitopes of these species-specific oligosaccharides are suggested to be implicated in the interaction of leishmania with macrophages as well as species-specific tissue tropism observed in leishmaniasis. the recognition of the spe ... | 2002 | 11882664 |
| high affinity binding between laminin and laminin binding protein of leishmania is stimulated by zinc and may involve laminin zinc-finger like sequences. | in the course of trying to understand the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis in relation to extracellular matrix (ecm) elements, laminin, a major ecm protein, has been found to bind saturably and with high affinity to a 67-kda cell surface protein of leishmania donovani. this interaction involves a single class of binding sites, which are ionic in nature, conformation-dependent and possibly involves sulfhydryls. binding activity was significantly enhanced by zn2+, an effect possibly mediated through ... | 2002 | 11895432 |
| nucleoside hydrolase from leishmania (l.) donovani is an antigen diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis. | 2002 | 11897139 | |
| kinetic mechanism of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from leishmania donovani. | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt, ec 2.4.2.7) catalyzes the reversible phosphoribosylation of adenine from alpha-d-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) to form amp and pp(i). three-dimensional structures of the dimeric aprt enzyme from leishmania donovani (ldaprt) bear many similarities to other members of the type 1 phosphoribosyltransferase family but do not reveal the structural basis for catalysis (phillips, c. l., ullman, b., brennan, r. g., and hill, c. p. (1999) embo j. 18, 3533 ... | 2002 | 11900545 |
| transplasma membrane electron transport in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | leishmania donovani promastigotes are capable of reducing certain electron acceptors with redox potential at ph 7 down to -125 mv; outside the plasma membrane promastigotes can reduce ferricyanide. ferricyanide has been used as an artificial electron acceptor probe for studying the mechanism of transplasma membrane electron transport. transmembrane ferricyanide reduction by l. donovani promastigotes was not inhibited by such mitochondrial inhibitors as antimycin a or cyanide, but it responded to ... | 2002 | 11908895 |
| leishmania-induced cellular recruitment during the early inflammatory response: modulation of proinflammatory mediators. | this study investigated whether leishmania species, the etiologic agent of cutaneous (leishmania major) and visceral (leishmania donovani) leishmaniasis, could differentially elicit early inflammatory events in vivo correlating with the subsequent development of their reciprocal pathogenesis. by use of the murine air pouch system, injection of leishmania led to a rapid and transient accumulation of a mixed population of leukocytes, and l. major recruited 31-fold more leukocytes than did controls ... | 2002 | 11865425 |
| flavonoids from tephrosia aequilata. | from the roots of the plant tephrosia aequilata baker, five flavonoids were isolated of which, 3,4:8,9-dimethylenedioxypterocarpan is reported for the first time. its structure and those of the already known flavonoids were established by physical and spectroscopic analysis. application of 2d nmr techniques was useful for complete characterization of the new pterocarpan as well as the other known flavonoids. | 2002 | 12031428 |
| antigenuria in visceral leishmaniasis: detection and partial characterisation of a carbohydrate antigen. | the detection of antigen in the urine is increasingly being used for diagnosis of parasitic infections. a urinary antigen has recently been demonstrated in visceral leishmaniasis (vl), using a latex agglutination test. the results of our study show that the detected antigen is: heat-stable, precipitates with acetone and ethanol but not tca, is sensitive to periodate and acid hydrolysis but not to pronase e, lipase, or neuraminidase. the antigen is a low molecular weight glycoconjugate that can b ... | 2002 | 12039673 |
| chemokine-induced leishmanicidal activity in murine macrophages via the generation of nitric oxide. | this study explored the role of the proinflammatory chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1alpha and macrophage chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1 for development of antileishmanial activity. there was substantial inhibition in nitrite generation in leishmania donovani-infected macrophages. a marked elevation of nitrite generation and induction of inducible nitric oxide (no) synthase (inos) mrna was found in chemokine-primed parasite-infected macrophages. tumor necrosis factor-alpha, whi ... | 2002 | 12085314 |
| diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urine samples. | a diagnostic method has been developed to detect anti-leishmania donovani immunoglobulin g (igg) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in measuring anti-l. donovani igg, iga, and igm in urine, the method performed best in the detection of igg. the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined with panels of urine samples from 62 visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients, 59 healthy controls from areas of endemicity, 53 healthy controls from areas of nonendemicity, 59 malar ... | 2002 | 12093674 |
| the effect of beta-tubulin-specific antisense oligonucleotide encapsulated in different cationic liposomes on the suppression [correction of supression] of intracellular l. donovani parasites in vitro. | an antisense oligonucleotide (20 mer) targeted to the parasite beta-tubulin gene and encapsulated in cationic liposomes, was used to test its antileishmanial activity in vitro. cationic liposomes containing dioleyl trimethyl ammonium propane (dotap) were found to have higher antileishmanial activity (88% at 4 microm oligonucleotide) compared to two other liposomes with stearyl amine (sa) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) as cations. dot-blot experiments were performed to analyse the ex ... | 2002 | 12097156 |
| cutaneous involvement in a rare case of adult visceral leishmaniasis acquired in israel. | skin lesions are rare in visceral leishmaniasis, especially in mediterranean countries. we describe an unusual case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 41-year-old man that began with a skin lesion. the parasites isolated from both the skin lesion and the bone marrow were typed as leishmania donovani sensu stricto. this pathogen is not endemic in israel or neighboring countries; its contribution to adult visceral leishmaniasis in israel is summarized. | 2002 | 12099746 |
| functional aspects of the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan during macrophage infection. | the most abundant surface glycoconjugate of the leishmania promastigotes is lipophosphoglycan, a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored polymer of the repeating disaccharide-phosphate gal(beta1,4)manalpha1-po4 unit. this complex molecule possesses properties that contribute to the ability of leishmania to modulate macrophage signaling pathways during the initiation of infection. | 2002 | 12106791 |
| peptoid inhibition of trypanothione reductase as a potential antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial drug lead. | one route to the design of lead compounds for rational drug design approaches to developing drugs against trypanosomiasis, chagas' disease and leishmaniasis is to develop novel inhibitors of the parasite-specific enzyme trypanothione reductase. a lead inhibitor based on a peptoid structure was designed in the present study based on the known strong competitive inhibition of trypanothione reductase by n-benzoyl-leu-arg-arg-beta-naphthylamide and n-benzyloxycarbonyl-ala-arg-arg-4-methoxy- beta-nap ... | 2002 | 12107758 |
| effect of ph and temperature on protein kinase release by leishmania donovani. | during their life cycle leishmania are exposed to environments that differ markedly in ph and temperature. the effect of these factors on protein kinase release into the surrounding environment by leishmania donovani promastigotes was examined. promastigotes release protein kinase activity both constitutively and following induction by incubation with an exogenous substrate, phosvitin. the substrate specificity of the constitutive and induced activities was similar, unlike that previously descri ... | 2002 | 12117491 |
| leishmania priming of human dendritic cells for cd40 ligand-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion is strain and species dependent. | a major question in the study of leishmaniasis is what dictates clinical disease expression produced by different leishmania species, i.e., cutaneous versus systemic and healing versus nonhealing. animal models using a leishmania species associated with self-limiting cutaneous disease (l. major) have revealed that protective immunity requires cd40/cd40 ligand (cd40l)-dependent, interleukin-12 (il-12)-driven th1 responses. we recently showed that l. major can prime human dendritic cells (dcs) for ... | 2002 | 12117904 |
| leishmania promastigotes release a granulocyte chemotactic factor and induce interleukin-8 release but inhibit gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 production by neutrophil granulocytes. | recent data from our laboratory suggest that neutrophil granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [pmn]) can serve as host cells for leishmania major in the early phase of infection. in line with these findings, an early influx of pmn to the infected tissues was shown by others to be associated with susceptibility to infection with l. major. the mechanisms underlying the initial pmn recruitment to the site of infection is poorly understood. in the present study we investigated whether leishmani ... | 2002 | 12117926 |
| expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in skin lesions of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cytokine-inducible (or type 2) nitric oxide synthase (inos) is indispensable for the resolution of leishmania major or leishmania donovani infections in mice. in contrast, little is known about the expression and function of inos in human leishmaniasis. here, we show by immunohistological analysis of skin biopsies from mexican patients with local (lcl) or diffuse (dcl) cutaneous leishmaniasis that the expression of inos was most prominent in lcl lesions with small numbers of parasites whereas le ... | 2002 | 12117977 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in two cases of leukemia. | two cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), one in a 51-year-old man with accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and another in a 35-year-old woman with acute myeloblastic leukemia, are reported. incidental finding of leishman-donovan (ld) bodies in patients with leukemia highlights vl as a potent opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients. | 2002 | 12118454 |
| antileishmanial activity of the antiulcer agent omeprazole. | the benzimidazole compound omeprazole, used widely for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, inhibits the growth of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. promastigotes cultured at acidic ph and amastigotes within infected macrophages are reduced 90% or more with 150 microm omeprazole. antiparasitic action of the drug is due to its inhibition of the p-type k(+),h(+)-atpase on the surface membrane. this enzyme is important for ph homeostasis and the maintenance of pr ... | 2002 | 12121934 |
| resistance to arsenite modulates expression of beta- and gamma-tubulin and sensitivity to paclitaxel during differentiation of leishmania donovani. | differentiation of leishmania donovani promastigotes into infectious amastigotes is accompanied by differential tubulin gene expression. tubulin is one of the proposed targets of clinically useful antileishmanial agents and its expression is known to alter due to drug resistance. in this study, beta- and gamma-tubulin expression under various stages of differentiation was measured in an in vitro generated arsenite-resistant l. donovani strain. results showed higher constitutive expression of bet ... | 2002 | 12122434 |
| visceral leishmaniasis: a rare cause of post-transplant fever and pancytopenia. | despite the endemic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in certain parts of our country, there are only a few reports of this infection in renal transplant recipients. we report one renal transplant recipient from non-endemic area with visceral leishmaniasis and graft dysfunction that responded to treatment with stibogluconate. the infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a febrile transplant recipient with pancytopenia and allograft dysfunction. | 2002 | 12126362 |
| interferon-gamma treatment induces granulomatous tissue reaction in a case of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania spp. suppress macrophage activity as part of their interaction with the immune system. interferon-gamma (ifngamma), a cytokine that participates in the activation of macrophages and the killing of intercellular parasites, induces healing of leishmaniasis. we investigated a sequence of local and systemic inflammatory cell parameters after ifngamma therapy in a patient with chronic, localized, cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani. histology, immunohistochemistry, polyme ... | 2002 | 12142611 |
| cloning, characterization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of leishmania hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. | hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) (ec 2.4.2.8) is an important enzyme involved in the recycling of purine nucleotides in all cells. parasitic protozoa of the order kinetoplastida are unable to synthesize purines de novo and use the salvage pathway for the synthesis of nucleotides; therefore, this pathway is an attractive target for antiparasitic drug design. the hgprt gene was cloned from a leishmania tarentolae genomic library and the sequence determined. the l. tarentolae ... | 2002 | 12147338 |
| alkaloids from narcissus angustifolius subsp. transcarpathicus (amaryllidaceae). | seven alkaloids have been isolated from fresh bulbs of narcissus angustifolius subsp. transcarpathicus (amaryllidaceae). nangustine, reported here for the first time, is the first 5,11-methanomorphanthridine alkaloid with a c-3/c-4 substitution. the structure and stereochemistry of this new alkaloid, as well as those previously known, have been determined by physical and spectroscopic methods. spectroscopic data of pancracine have been completed. the in vitro assay activity against the parasitic ... | 2002 | 12150811 |
| diagnosis of american visceral leishmaniasis in humans and dogs using the recombinant leishmania donovani a2 antigen. | a2 proteins are expressed in the amastigote stage of leishmania donovani and are composed predominantely by a conserved repetitive element. here, we have investigated the presence of anti-a2 antibodies in a panel of american visceral leishmaniasis (vl) sera. anti-a2 antibodies were detected by elisa, using a recombinant a2 protein containing a tag of six histidine residues (a2-his), in 77% of patients sera with symptomatic vl and in 87% of sera from dogs that tested positive in leishmania immuno ... | 2002 | 12151189 |
| atropo-enantioselective total synthesis of knipholone and related antiplasmodial phenylanthraquinones. | the "lactone concept" has been efficiently employed for the first atropo-enantioselective synthesis of knipholone and related natural phenylanthraquinones. besides the regio- and stereoselective construction of the biaryl axis, another important step was the "synthetically late" introduction of the c-acetyl group, either by a friedel-crafts type acetylation or by an ortho-selective fries rearrangement first tested on simplified model systems and subsequently applied to the highly atroposelective ... | 2002 | 12153257 |
| charaterization of leishmania major friedlin telomeric terminus. | here we have characterized leishmania major (friedlin) telomeric terminus (the very end) using recombinants obtained by a vector-adaptor cloning protocol. as in l. donovani, the last nine nucleotides of l. major terminus are 5'-ggttagggt-oh 3', differing from trypanosoma cruzi and t. brucei terminus 5'gggttaggg-oh 3', thus indicating that these sequences are genus specific. we have also made a comparative analysis between l. major and l. donovani telomere-associated sequences, and described a no ... | 2002 | 12048562 |
| molecular probes and the polymerase chain reaction for detection and typing of leishmania species in mexico. | leishmaniasis in mexico is a public health problem because all the clinical forms have been recorded in most mexican states. we studied patients showing clinical symptoms of any form of leishmaniasis, from several endemic areas. bone marrow samples, aspirates or skin biopsies were taken and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was extracted and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with universal primers ajs1 and deb8, specific for the leishmania subgenus leishmania. the pcr products were then ... | 2002 | 12055821 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in india: promises and pitfalls of a pcr-based blood test. | traditional methods of diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in india suffer from a number of disadvantages. amplification of multicopy nuclear genes and messenger ribonucleic acid of leishmania by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was evaluated as an alternative assay under various clinical conditions. pcr of peripheral blood has the highest absolute sensitivity among all the available procedures, and is particularly useful for detecting parasites in early infections, post kala-azar d ... | 2002 | 12055835 |
| homologous minicircles in leishmania donovani. | leishmania minicircular deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is arranged into different classes according to sequence. these classes differ substantially in sequence, despite species- and genus-specific regions, and are present in widely different copy numbers within and between leishmania strains. homologous minicircles have been identified in different species of leishmania by comparing sequences of known minicircles. however, it is possible to select for minicircles of the same class by amplifying lei ... | 2002 | 12055855 |
| towards a standard battery of microsatellite markers for the analysis of the leishmania donovani complex. | the investigation of microsatellite markers has recently superseded that of isoenzymes for many population-biology applications. microsatellites have the advantages of being dominant, neutral, highly polymorphic and easily scored by high-throughput methods. however, it is necessary to develop a new panel of markers for each group of organisms of interest. previously, only about 5% of the markers that amplify leishmania major microsatellite loci were also found to amplify l. donovani loci. a pane ... | 2002 | 12061973 |
| trypanosoma cruzi heat-shock protein-70 kda,alone or fused to the parasite kmp11 antigen, induces functional maturation of murine dendritic cells. | we analyse the effect of trypanosoma cruzi heat-shock protein-70 (hsp70) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (dc)generated from bone marrow precursor cells. the results obtained show that hsp70, both alone and fused to the kmp11 antigen, as well as a hsp70 fragment, is capable of maturing murine dc. mature dc have enhanced expression of il12, tnf-alpha cytokines, costimulation molecules and activation markers, showing a clear increase in the allostimulatory capacity. these findings sugge ... | 2002 | 12067411 |
| antileishmanial dinitroaniline sulfonamides with activity against parasite tubulin. | novel dinitroaniline sulfonamides based on the herbicide oryzalin 3 were synthesized and evaluated for activity against the parasitic protozoan leishmania donovani and against leishmanial tubulin, the putative antiparasitic target of oryzalin. a subset of these compounds possess more activity against both leishmania and the target protein in vitro. compound 20 displays improved potency against leishmanial tubulin and is 13.4-fold more active against l. donovani axenic amastigotes than oryzalin. | 2002 | 12161141 |
| peripheral intramonocytic and intraneutrophil leishmanias observed in a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (cmmol) patient. | 2002 | 12161378 | |
| regulation of reticuloendothelial iron transporter mtp1 (slc11a3) by inflammation. | acute and chronic inflammation cause many changes in total body iron metabolism including the sequestration of iron in phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. this change in iron metabolism contributes to the development of the anemia of inflammation. mtp1, the duodenal enterocyte basolateral iron exporter, is also expressed in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (res) and is likely to be involved in iron recycling of these cells. in this study, we use a lipopolysaccharide mo ... | 2002 | 12161425 |
| a role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in remodeling the splenic marginal zone during leishmania donovani infection. | the development of secondary lymphoid organs is a highly regulated process, mediated by tumor necrosis factor (tnf) family cytokines. in contrast, the mechanisms controlling changes in lymphoid architecture that occur during infectious disease are poorly understood. here we demonstrate that during infection with leishmania donovani, the marginal zone of mice undergoes extensive remodeling, similar in extent to developmental abnormalities in mice lacking some tnf family cytokines. this process is ... | 2002 | 12163368 |
| extract screening by hplc coupled to ms-ms, nmr, and cd: a dimeric and three monomeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from ancistrocladus griffithii. | three new monomeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrogriffines a, b, and c, and the first dimer of a 7,8'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline, ancistrogriffithine a, have been detected by phytochemical online screening of plant extracts of ancistrocladus griffithii, using the analytical 'triad' hplc-ms/ms, hplc-nmr, and hplc-cd. ancistrogriffithine a, as well as ancistrogriffines a and c, were structurally completely assigned (including the absolute configuration) right from the extract, without ... | 2002 | 12169315 |
| histopathologic analysis of hamster hepatocytes submitted to experimental infection with leishmania donovani. | hepatocytes from different vertebrates are used increasingly as models of environmentally driven cell structure plasticity and for the investigation of ultrastructural pathological patterns induced by cell injury. the present study was carried out to assess the morphological changes in hamster hepatocytes subjected to chronic infection by amastigote forms of leishmania donovani. liver fragments were processed for routine light and transmission electron microscopy. for cytochemical visualization ... | 2002 | 12172815 |
| leishmania donovani phosphofructokinase. gene characterization, biochemical properties and structure-modeling studies. | the characterization of the gene encoding leishmania donovani phosphofructokinase (pfk) and the biochemical properties of the expressed enzyme are reported. l. donovani has a single pfk gene copy per haploid genome that encodes a polypeptide with a deduced molecular mass of 53 988 and a pi of 9.26. the predicted amino acid sequence contains a c-terminal tripeptide that conforms to an established signal for glycosome targeting. l. donovani pfk showed most sequence similarity to inorganic pyrophos ... | 2002 | 12180974 |
| activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuates leishmania donovani infection in macrophages. | leishmania-induced macrophage dysfunctions have been correlated with altered signaling events. in this work, we report that sb203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk), increases leishmania donovani survival in human peripheral blood mononuclear macrophages. consistent with this finding, activation of p38 and c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) mapk signaling pathways by anisomycin significantly reduced parasite survival within these cells. however, the majority of t ... | 2002 | 12183549 |
| infectivity and virulence of leishmania donovani promastigotes: a role for media, source, and strain of parasite. | transformation of promastigotes of leishmania donovani strain ag83 from amastigotes derived from an infected animal was studied in three media, schneider's drosophila medium (sdm), medium 199 (m199), and biphasic m199 (b-m199) with 10% fetal bovine serum. the media, sdm and b-m199, both supported a more efficient transformation of promastigotes in comparison with m199. infectivity studies in hamsters and balb/c mice showed that promastigotes isolated in b-m199 were several folds more infective t ... | 2002 | 12188216 |
| humanitarian assistance in un operations: laboratory and consultative support of a local hospital in eritrea. | the united nations mission to eritrea and ethiopia deployed to monitor a cease-fire in a mutually agreed upon temporary security zone. support for the united nations (un) troops included a field dressing station supplied by the dutch navy, augmented by canadian personnel. as with most missions of this type, the health of the deployed canadian and dutch soldiers is such that there is time to provide some medical support to local civilian institutions. this article describes this interaction in er ... | 2002 | 12188236 |
| leishmania lpg3 encodes a grp94 homolog required for phosphoglycan synthesis implicated in parasite virulence but not viability. | leishmania promastigotes express an abundant cell surface glycoconjugate, lipophosphoglycan (lpg). lpg contains a polymer of the disaccharide-phosphate repeat unit galbeta1,4manalpha1-po4, shared by other developmentally regulated molecules implicated in parasite virulence. functional complementation of a leishmania donovani lpg-defective mutant (ob1) accumulating a truncated lpg containing only the manalpha1-po4 residue of the first repeat unit identified lpg3, the leishmania homolog of the mam ... | 2002 | 12198148 |
| in vitro activity of triclisia patens and some bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids against leishmania donovani and trypanosoma brucei brucei. | in the search for antiprotozoal compounds from natural sources, triclisia patens displayed activity against l. donovani promastigotes (ic(50) = 1.5 microg/ml) and t. b. brucei blood stream trypomastigote forms (ic(50) = 31.25 microg/ml). in addition, a total of 20 bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were screened for antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity in vitro. fangchinoline (ic(50) = 0.39 microm) was found to be as active as the standard pentamidine against leishmania donovani promastigo ... | 2002 | 12203262 |
| a proteomic approach to identify developmentally regulated proteins in leishmania infantum. | we used comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry methodologies to highlight and identify proteins that are differentially expressed in the intracellular stage of the parasite leishmania donovani infantum, a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. during its digenetic life cycle, leishmania alternates between the alimentary tract of the sandfly vector as an extracellular promastigote and the acidic phagolysosomes of macrophage cells as an intracellular amast ... | 2002 | 12203896 |
| strain typing in leishmania donovani by using sequence-confirmed amplified region analysis. | to differentiate strains of leishmania donovani, allelic markers at the dna level were developed by sequence-confirmed amplified region analysis (scar). homologous fragments from different strains of l. donovani were amplified by pcr using random primers and subsequently screened for single-strand conformation polymorphisms. direct sequencing revealed 55 sequence polymorphisms in eight co-dominant dna markers; 38 of them were single point mutations. heterozygosity was evident for 69% and fixed h ... | 2002 | 12204226 |
| laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | 2002 | 12204943 | |
| immunoblot analysis of the humoral immune response to leishmania donovani polypeptides in cases of human visceral leishmaniasis: its usefulness in prognosis. | sera from indian patients with parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis were studied by immunoblot analysis in order to identify a specific pattern for leishmania infection. a soluble extract of leishmania donovani was used as antigen. at diagnosis the sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis specifically recognized fractions represented by bands of 201 kda (50% of serum samples), 193 kda (60%), 147 kda (50%), 120 kda (60%), 100 kda (50%), 80 kda (80%), 70 kda (70%), 65 kda (100% ... | 2002 | 12204969 |