Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| inhibition of self-splicing group i intron rna: high-throughput screening assays. | high-throughput screening assays have been developed to rapidly identify small molecule inhibitors targeting catalytic group i introns. biochemical reactions catalyzed by a self-splicing group i intron derived from pneumocystis carinii or from bacteriophage t4 have been investigated. in vitro biochemical assays amenable to high-throughput screening have been established. small molecules that inhibit the functions of group i introns have been identified. these inhibitors should be useful in bette ... | 1996 | 9016680 |
| paclitaxel and simultaneous radiation in the treatment of stage iiia/b non-small cell lung cancer. | in a clinical phase ii trial, escalating doses of paclitaxel (taxol; bristol-myers squibb company, princeton, nj) were given with concurrent radiation to patients with stage iiia/b non-small cell lung cancer. radiotherapy was given in daily doses of 2 gy, 5 days a week, in weeks 1 through 3 and 6 through 8. paclitaxel was given on day 1 of weeks 1 through 3 and 6 through 8, at a starting dose level of 50 mg/m2. subsequent paclitaxel dose levels were 60, 72, 86, and 103 mg/m2. three to six patien ... | 1996 | 9007135 |
| the influence of pcp prophylaxis on bacteriuria incidence and resistance development to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in hiv-infected patients. | earlier studies have shown that men infected with hiv-1 and a cd4+ cell count below 200 mm3 are at increased risk for bacteriuria. we studied the effect of 3 pneumocystis carinii (pcp) prophylaxis regimens (low-dose tmp/smz, high-dose tmp/smz and pentamidine aerosol) on the incidence of bacteriuria and resistance development to tmp/smz. | 1996 | 8990860 |
| (1-->3) beta-d-glucan as a quantitative serological marker for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we detected (1 --> 3) beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan), which is one of the major components of the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii, in sera obtained from patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). we confirmed that beta-glucan was detectable by a beta-glucan detection kit (g test; seikagaku corporation) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balfs). the mean concentration of beta-glucan in balfs obtained from specific-pathogen-free nude mice infected with p. carinii (n = 7; mean, 2,631 [range, 1,031 to ... | 1996 | 8991635 |
| in vitro efficacy of a compound derived from garlic against pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8999132 | |
| clinical features of tuberculosis associated with hiv infection in taiwan. | to understand the clinical characteristics and outcome of tuberculosis (tb) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in taiwan, we reviewed the medical records of 118 adult aids patients who were hospitalized at national taiwan university hospital between january 1988 and september 1995. among them, 29 (24.6%) had tb. the mean age of the aids patients with tb was 37 years (range, 25-66 yr). most patients were in the advanced stages of aids when human immunodeficiency virus (hiv ... | 1996 | 9000809 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in rats by polymerase chain reaction: comparison of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the efficiency of detection of pneumocystis carinii in rats by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of dna extracted from two sampling locations: lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. the study involved naturally infected f344 rats that were allotted to groups to intercollate the investigation of several variables, including nonimmunosuppressed rats, rats subjected to a timed induction sequence of 1 to 4 weeks of immunosuppression, and two immu ... | 1996 | 9001175 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv patient with negative exercise oxygen desaturation test]. | 1996 | 8983575 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus pneumonia in immunosuppression in rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis of the anti-glomerular basement membrane type]. | 1996 | 8984320 | |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoa system. the effect of ionizing radiation on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and pneumocystosis]. | the aim of this study was to determine an influence of ionized radiation on the prevalence of cryptosporidium and pneumocystis carinii (p. c.) infections in children inhabitants of settlements affected by radionuclides after chernobyl accident. survey of children from day-care centers for prevalence of cryptosporidium was carried out in bryansk region, russia, and gomel and mogilev regions, belarus; children from cities mogilev and gomel as well as small town pochep, bryansk region, serve as con ... | 1996 | 8984437 |
| predictors of staphylococcus aureus pneumonia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this study is based on a retrospective logistic regression analysis of all human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (sap) admitted to the department of infectious diseases, catholic university, rome, italy between january 1986 and december 1994. nineteen patients with 24 episodes of sap were enrolled in the study. a control group of 38 hiv-infected patients without pneumonia was included. the attack rate of sap was 8.31/1000 hiv-related hospital a ... | 1996 | 8984527 |
| pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and haemosiderin-laden macrophages: late following heart transplantation. | impairment of pulmonary diffusion is recognized following heart transplantation. this study was undertaken to determine the histopathological basis for the defect in pulmonary physiology. heart transplant recipients (htr) entered into a prospective study of post-transplant pulmonary physiology were asked to undergo bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (n = 18) in the presence of impaired gas transfer. transbronchial biopsies were examined under light microscopy an ... | 1996 | 8984529 |
| pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections in severely ill, hiv-infected african infants. | unlike in the industrialized world, in which pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are major respiratory opportunistic organisms, the causes of severe pneumonia, which accounts for much of the mortality in hiv-infected infants in developing countries, are not known, although tuberculosis has been associated with hiv in adults. we report on post-mortem lung and liver biopsies obtained soon after death from 36 hiv-infected infants and 36 hiv-uninfected matched controls who had been admitt ... | 1996 | 8985536 |
| immunodetection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens compared with methenamine silver stain. | immunodetection of pneumocystis carinii, based on immunofluorescence and use of a monoclonal antibody specific for an antigen located within the cyst wall and detectable after trypsin digestion only, was compared with a methenamine silver stain in 553 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from immunosuppressed patients. p. carinii was found by immunofluorescence in 72 (86%) and by silver stain in 68 (81%) of the total of 84 positive samples detected by either or both of these methods. | 1996 | 8904447 |
| cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood in hiv-seronegative patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | concentrations and ex vivo production of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf), interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) and tnf soluble receptors were followed in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and blood from 10 hiv-seronegative patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and compared with values found in healthy volunteers. during the acute phase of pcp, tnf but not il-6 or il-1beta was detectable in bal fluid. at that time, plasma ... | 1996 | 8904526 |
| clindamycin/primaquine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the records of 206 patients with advanced infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who were receiving prophylaxis with clindamycin/primaquine (c/p), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz), or dapsone to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were retrospectively examined. two hundred sixty-two patient-years of prophylaxis were accrued (176.2 of tmp-smz, 63.4 of dapsone, and 22.8 of c/p). the rates of pcp in the tmp-smz, dapsone, and c/p groups were 3.4, 11.0, and 30.7 per 100 ... | 1996 | 8909833 |
| detection of rrna from four respiratory pathogens using an automated q beta replicase assay. | ribosomal rna targets from mycobacterium avium complex (23s), mycoplasma pneumoniae (16s), pneumocystis carinii (18s) and legionella pneumophila (16s) were detected in four separate assays on a model automated q-beta amplification instrument. sandwich hybridization, reversible target capture, detector probe amplification and fluorescent signal detection occurred in closed, disposable packs at 38 degrees c. packs were injected with 0.5 ml samples in 3.06 m guanidine thiocyanate. ten samples per r ... | 1996 | 8910891 |
| infection prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection and malignancy. | systemic non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma occur in approximately 4% and 30% of patients with hiv infection, respectively. single-agent or combination chemotherapy is often indicated for such patients. combination chemotherapy produces a significant decrease in cd4 lymphocytes and significantly increases the risk of opportunistic infection. supportive care should include prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and esophageal candidiasis. herpes labialis frequently occurs, ma ... | 1996 | 8914806 |
| prognostic significance of pathological chest radiography in transplant patients affected by cytomegalovirus and/or pneumocystis carinii. | in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of chest film findings in connection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) and/or pneumocystis carinii infection (pc), a retrospective review was made of the pulmonary charts of 274 recipients of kidney and/or pancreatic grafts transplanted between april 1987 and december 1990. | 1996 | 8915284 |
| development of a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | to develop a prognosis-based clinical staging system for infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1996 | 8917228 |
| diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoscopic lung biopsy for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | to assess the need to perform a bronchoscopic lung biopsy (blb) in addition to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) to obtain a definitive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8917286 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: does use of only bronchoalveolar lavage suffice? | 1996 | 8917301 | |
| targeting the minor groove of dna: crystal structures of two complexes between furan derivatives of berenil and the dna dodecamer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. | crystal structures are reported of complexes of two novel furan derivatives of berenil with alkyl benzamidine groups bound to the dna sequence d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. they have both been determined to 2.2 a resolution and refined to r factors of 16.9% and 18.6%. in both structures the alkyl substituents, cyclopropyl and isopropyl, are found to be orientated away from the floor of the minor groove. the drugs are located in the minor groove by two strong amidinium hydrogen bonds, to the o2 of the thymin ... | 1996 | 8917643 |
| 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | six novel 2-amino-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 7-12 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and as antitumor and/or antibacterial agents. the analogues contain a 5-thio substituent with a phenyl, 4'-chlorophenyl, 3',4'-dichlorophenyl, 4'-nitrophenyl, 3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl, and 2'-naphthyl on the sulfur, and were synthesized from the key intermediate 2-(pivaloylamino)-4-oxo-6-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine, 17. appropriately substi ... | 1996 | 8917644 |
| severe hyperkalaemia induced by trimethoprim in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in a patient with transplanted lungs. | a 40-year-old woman with transplanted lungs developed life threatening hyperkalaemia (6.8 mmol l-1) during high dose treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. trimethoprim has an amiloride-like effect on the distal nephron and may thus induce hyperkalaemia, particularly if other contributing factors coexist. the present patient was also treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor enalapril, and the combination of ace-inhibition and potass ... | 1996 | 8918517 |
| respiratory cryptosporidiosis: case series and review of the literature. | five case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with pulmonary involvement in patients with aids are reported. the diagnosis was based on the recognition of acid-fast oocysts in sputum or aspirated bronchial material and stool specimens. coughing and excess secretions were present in all cases. four patients had other associated pulmonary pathogens: two mycobacterium tuberculosis, one mycobacterium fortuitum and one cytomegalovirus + pneumocystis carinii; all of them had a previous (three cases) or si ... | 1996 | 8923043 |
| ethnic differences in women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. the study group for the mrc collaborative study of hiv infection in women. | to examine ethnic differences in the socio-epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a cohort of women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. | 1996 | 8924257 |
| susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection: host responses of neonatal mice from immune or naive mothers and of immune or naive adults. | mice from either naive or immunized dams were given intranasal inoculations of pneumocystis carinii as neonates (24 to 48 h old). lung p. carinii burdens increased through day 13 postinoculation in all pups and declined to nearly undetectable numbers by day 23 in pups from immune mothers. however, p. carinii numbers in pups from naive mothers did not begin to decline significantly until after day 33, and p. carinii organisms were still detectable in low numbers through day 45. in contrast, the l ... | 1996 | 8926059 |
| characterizations of neutral lipid fatty acids and cis-9,10-epoxy octadecanoic acid in pneumocystis carinii carinii. | pneumocystis carinii causes pneumonitis in immunodeficient individuals and is a prevalent opportunistic infection of patients with aids. this pathogen resides extracellularly in the hypophase lining the alveolar epithelium, which is highly enriched in lung surfactant lipids. procedures yielding highly pure organism preparations that enable reliable biochemical analyses of organisms isolated from the lungs of infected laboratory animals have been developed. the results of the present study reveal ... | 1996 | 8926076 |
| [improved prognosis of first episode hiv associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without preventive treatment: etiology and sequelae]. | the prognosis of first episodes of hiv-associated pcp has markedly improved. the knowledge about the reasons for this progress could bear important implications for the management of hiv-infected patients. | 1996 | 8927603 |
| [coincidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and lung carcinoma in aids]. | in a formerly drug-dependent patient of 35 years of age suffering from an advanced hiv infection there was a development within a period of a few months of rapid weight loss amounting to 12 kg, persistent subfebrile temperatures and progressive dyspnoea on exercise. the histological pattern obtained via bronchoscopy revealed not only pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which had already been suspected clinically, but also a not very differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung with lymphangiosis carcin ... | 1996 | 8927609 |
| use of observational data, including surveillance studies, for evaluating aids therapies. | this article discusses some of the limitations of observational data for assessing therapeutic effects and categorizes observational studies according to the strength of evidence. ecologic studies based on aids surveillance registries have demonstrated improvements over time in median survival following the onset of aids, especially for patients with an initial diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. some of this improvement may be the result of secular changes in the stage of disease at di ... | 1996 | 8931201 |
| data analysis issues for protocols with overlapping enrollment. | many persons with hiv require and take several medications. the efficacy and safety of many of these medications are uncertain. usually limited data on drug interactions are available. thus simultaneous and sequential enrolment of patients into multiple studies is desired for reasons of science and efficiency. this paper discusses the analysis of data arising from coenrolment in multiple studies sponsored by the community programs for clinical research on aids (cpcra). factorial designs and thos ... | 1996 | 8931212 |
| the metabolic response to opportunistic infections in aids. | the metabolic response to aids-defining opportunistic infections was examined to provide a logical basis for the management of associated weight loss. | 1996 | 8931788 |
| spectrum of disease in africans with aids in london. | to compare the spectrum of disease, severity of immune deficiency and chemoprophylaxis prescribed in hiv-infected african and non-african patients in london. | 1996 | 8931793 |
| secondary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole does not prevent bacterial pneumonia in hiv-infected persons. | 1996 | 8931803 | |
| fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage for the evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates after bmt in children. | thirty-one fiberoptic bronchoscopies and bal performed within 4 days after the appearance of pulmonary infiltrates in 28 children who received bmt were reviewed. a causative agent was identified in 67% of patients with diffuse infiltrates (cytomegalovirus in 8 cases, pneumocystis carinii in 4) and in 31% of those with localized infiltrates (aspergillus in 2, bacteria in 2). no relevant side effect was reported. the results obtained from cytological and microbiological testing provided relevant i ... | 1996 | 8932812 |
| successful oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | to study the outcome of a modified oral desensitization protocol for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | 1996 | 8933778 |
| early bronchoscopic diagnosis of concomitant tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary infections, including mixed infections, are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and a specific diagnosis is desirable to direct therapy. in a retrospective study of patients suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we examined the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the immediate diagnosis of tuberculosis. in 267 patients, pneumocystis pneumonia was diagnosed in 115 (43%), of whom 5 (4%) also had concomitant tuberculosis. bronchoalveolar lavage g ... | 1996 | 8936936 |
| indirect muscarinic receptor activation by pentamidine on airway smooth muscle. | 1. pentamidine is routinely used to reduce the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, but it has been described as inducing pulmonary adverse effects, such as cough and bronchospasm. 2. in this paper we have investigated the effects of pentamidine on guinea-pig isolated main bronchi and human isolated bronchi. pentamidine induced a concentration-dependent contraction in both preparations with pd2 values of 9.64 +/- 0.07 (n = 8) and 9.7 ... | 1996 | 8937715 |
| development of type-specific pcr for typing pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacer region of rrna genes. | the nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (its1) and region 2 (its2) of rrna genes were found to be useful for typing pneumocystis carinii isolates that infect humans. two types of its1 (a and b) and three types of its2 (a, b, and c) sequences have been found, and p. carinii isolates are classified based on sequence types of its1 and its2 as ax or bx (where x may be a, b, or c). type determination has been achieved by sequencing the its regions or by reacting ... | 1996 | 8940486 |
| a single expression site with a conserved leader sequence regulates variation of expression of the pneumocystis carinii family of major surface glycoprotein genes. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii is encoded by a family of related but distinct genes distributed throughout the p. carinii genome. previous reports of the genomic and mrna msg structure suggested that there was a highly conserved 5'-untranslated region and a highly variable translated region. in the current study, we demonstrate that there is a single expression site for msg expression and that different msg genes are located downstream of this expression site. isola ... | 1996 | 8945640 |
| aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older patients. | main results: compared with younger patients, patients aged 50 years or older were less likely to have acquired hiv via intravenous drug use or homosexual contact (p = .0001). older patients were more likely to have comorbid diseases (12% vs 4%; p = .0001), had more frequent neurologic findings on admission (19% vs 9%; p = .0001), and scored higher on a pcp-specific severity-of-illness scale indicating more severe disease (p = .0001). older patients had more intensive care unit admissions and in ... | 1996 | 8945690 |
| thoracic disease in children with aids. | knowledge of common and uncommon thoracic pathologic conditions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) can expedite disease management. chest radiography, computed tomography (ct), and magnetic resonance (mr) imaging are useful in cases involving possible complications of thoracic aids. lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is generally seen on plain radiographs and ct scans as a diffuse, symmetric, reticulonodular or nodular pattern, occasionally associated with mediast ... | 1996 | 8946540 |
| adherence to guidelines for the prevention of hiv-related respiratory diseases. | in this study we characterized the pattern of use of preventive therapies for specific respiratory diseases within a cohort of homosexual men and assessed the impact of targeted feedback on the level of compliance with guidelines for these diseases. all human immunodeficiency virus seronegative (hiv-) (n=169) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-free human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (hiv+) (n=154) participants in our cohort, who completed four annual visits between october 198 ... | 1996 | 8947078 |
| comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and pentamidine in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receiving one of three prophylactic agents. | 1996 | 8947975 |
| oral osteomyelitis: pre-aids manifestation or strange coincidence? | a bizarre and unexplained localized osteomyelitis was discovered in the mandible of an otherwise apparently healthy 36-year-old man. this strange oral manifestation was followed 2 years later by a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which indicated full-blown aids. could osteomyelitis of the mandible be an alarming oral manifestation of aids before the disease is manifested in other ways? | 1996 | 8948219 |
| [role of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with organ transplantation]. | pneumonia in patients with organ transplantation constitutes a very frequent cause of mortality, as a result precocious aetiologic diagnosis is indispensable. the bronchoscopic techniques, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (tbb), constitute fundamental procedures for these diagnoses. we begin this study with the aim of evaluating the profitability obtained with these procedures. 36 bronchoscopies were performed on 29 patients with organ transplantation, in all of them we rea ... | 1996 | 8948813 |
| survey for pneumocystis carinii infection of wild-born and laboratory-bred monkeys by indirect immunofluorescence and cyst-staining methods. | a serosurvey for pneumocystis carinii infection of laboratory-bred and wild-born monkeys was made by the indirect immunofluorescence method. the antibody titers of wild cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata) to p. carinii (pc) were higher than those of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys; 54.9% of the wild cynomolgus and 40% of japanese monkeys had antibody titers higher than 1:40, although only 9.4% of the laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys did so. pc cyst ... | 1996 | 8950643 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients by fiber-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and serology. | fiber-optic bronchoscopy (fob) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were performed on 67 occasions in 57 immunocompromised patients with symptoms consistent with pulmonary infection. diagnosis was achieved more often in renal transplant patients than in patients with hematological malignancies (85% versus 28%). culture (bacteria, virus, fungi), staining and microscopy (bacteria, fungi, pneumocystis carinii (pc)) and antigen detection by indirect immunofluorescence (cytomegalovirus (cmv), respiratory ... | 1996 | 8953678 |
| management of aids-related pneumothorax. | pneumothorax (ptx) occurs in 5% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) infected with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and up to 50% of those will die during hospitalization. the treatment strategies for managing aids-related ptxs are often complex and ineffective at treating the ptx, and they can prolong hospitalization. | 1996 | 8957359 |
| effectiveness of daily low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in liver transplantation--an open clinical trial. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important infection in the setting of liver transplantation. without prophylactic measures, the incidence of pcp reached 30% in our first 10 liver transplant patients. all patients but one, who had concomitant invasive aspergillosis, recovered with intravenous cotrimoxazole. we therefore prospectively studied, in an open clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of prophylaxis with daily low-dose cotrimoxazole (480 mg) in 60 patients. the incidence of pcp ... | 1996 | 8958285 |
| pneumocystis carinii in the miniature dachshund: case report and literature review. | this article reviews pneumocystis carinii and presents four cases in the miniature dachshund. the cases presented with hyperpnoea, tachypnoea and exercise intolerance. there were also clinical signs suggestive of immune incompetence in all the dogs. p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all four cases on transtracheal aspirate cytology. immunological studies showed low globulin levels on serum electrophoresis, decreased lymphoblast transformation response (in the two cases that were tested) and a ... | 1996 | 8965482 |
| [pneumocistis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids at the saint thomas hospital]. | the authors examined material from the respiratory tract obtained from 55 patients, with silver methenamine and giemsa stains to detect pneumocystis carinii. twenty five patients were positive. all had fever and fatigue, 80% had dyspnea, 72% had productive cough, and significant weight loss occurred in 48%. none of the patients had signs of pulmonary consolidation. chest x-ray showed diffuse infiltrates in 55.2%. nodular lesions in both lung fields were present in 6.9%. a local infiltrate was se ... | 1996 | 8966237 |
| [parasitic infections in aids]. | the list of infections, threatening patients with impaired immunological system, especially infected with hiv, prolongs systematically. the review of literature data concerning species known up to now as aids defining parasitic infections (pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium, isospora belli, microsporidium and cyclospora) is presented. | 1996 | 8967074 |
| a profile of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents receiving health care services at selected sites in the united states. | to determine the demographic/clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adolescents in care at selected sites. | 1996 | 8969371 |
| geographic variation in the management and outcome of patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common reasons for the hospitalization of aids patients; however, geographic differences in pcp management have not been evaluated previously. therefore, we abstracted data on socioeconomic characteristics, prior hiv care, severity of illness, timeliness and intensity of in-hospital care, duration of hospitalization, and survival from 1547 randomly selected medical records of patients hospitalized with aids-related pcp between 1987 and 1990 ... | 1996 | 8970466 |
| u.s. hospital care for hiv-infected persons and the role of public, private, and veterans administration hospitals. | hospitals are a major provider of medical care for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. although utilization and patterns of care profiles in public and private hospitals have been evaluated for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), one of the most costly and common severe complications of aids, information from veterans administration (va) hospitals has not been reported previously. this article reports on inpatient care for pcp ... | 1996 | 8970467 |
| community-acquired bacteremia in hiv-positive patients: protective benefit of co-trimoxazole. | to evaluate the effect of the type of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis on the development of community-acquired bacteremia. | 1996 | 8970683 |
| pneumocystis carinii from pigs and humans are antigenically distinct. | the antigens of pneumocystis carinii cysts isolated from pigs and humans were compared by the western immunoblotting technique. convalescent pig serum reacted with two antigens (approximately 78 kda and 32.5 kda) of porcine p. carinii cysts, whereas convalescent serum from humans did not react with porcine p. carinii cyst antigens. the results indicate that porcine and human p. carinii cysts are antigenically distinct. | 1996 | 8971634 |
| pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung and blood during steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. | to gain more insight into the role of cytokines in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) we followed pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in rats with steroid-induced pcp at 2-week intervals. the cytokines measured were immunoreactive interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), bioactive interleukin-6 (il-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). in vivo cytokine concentrations were determined in three compartments, i.e., bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, lung homogenates, and plasma. lipopolysaccharide ... | 1996 | 8975872 |
| uptake of medical interventions in women with hiv infection in britain and ireland. study group for the mrc collaborative study of hiv infection in women. | to determine the uptake of medical interventions amongst women known to be hiv positive and in contact with service providers. | 1996 | 8976835 |
| a phase i trial to assess the value of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (r-methug-csf, filgrastim) in accelerating the dose rate of chemotherapy for intermediate and high-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). the central lymphoma group. | in a multi-centre phase i study we investigated the possibility of reducing the interval between courses of standard chop (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, vincristine 2 mgs day 1, and prednisolone 40 mg/m2 days 1-8) from 21 days to 15 days and then 10 days using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (r-methug-csf (amgen)-filgrastim) to accelerate neutrophil recovery. patients received chop followed by g-csf 5 micrograms/kg s.c. from day 2 to the day before the next course (e.g. ... | 1996 | 9267465 |
| aids-related extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection presenting as a solitary rectal ulcer. | extrapulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii, although uncommon, is increasingly recognized. use of aerosolized pentamidine versus a systemic medication is thought to be a contributing factor due to the low concentrations of drug that are incapable of suppressing systemic infection. infection with p carinii has been reported in every organ system including the gastrointestinal system. a 28-year-old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient receiving prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidin ... | 1996 | 9193777 |
| dapsone penetrates cerebrospinal fluid during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | dapsone has been proposed as a prophylactic agent for both pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and reactivation cerebral toxoplasmosis. to determine whether dapsone penetrates the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples were drawn from patients taking dapsone for pcp prophylaxis. these samples were quantitatively assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. five aids patients and one cardiac transplant patient had csf assayed for dapsone. only one had eviden ... | 1996 | 9147912 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly reported as a respiratory pathogen in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. we retrospectively reviewed the chest radiographic appearances of 29 hiv-infected adults with bronchopulmonary infection in whom pseudomonas aeruginosa was the sole respiratory pathogen isolated. the commonest radiographic abnormality was a diffuse reticular (11 patients) or reticulonodular (9 patients) infiltrate in the pulmonary interstitium. alveolar ... | 1996 | 9135463 |
| low-dose methotrexate as a risk factor for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | low-dose methotrexate is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. its effectiveness in ameliorating the clinical symptoms and findings has been well established, and adverse effects have been relatively infrequent, particularly compared to other immunosuppressive agents. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is most often seen in severely immunosuppressed patients related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or treatment of malignanci ... | 1996 | 11082754 |
| cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin) iii of the uterine cervix in a young female associated with aids. | a case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) iii implying severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix in a 24 year old japanese female patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is reported. autopsy revealed marked systemic atrophy of lymph nodes, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pulmonary aspergillosis, acute pancreatitis and cin iii of the portio vaginalis uteri. the human papillomavirus (hpv) genome was detected in sections of the cin iii by polymerase chain r ... | 1996 | 10846565 |
| inpatient treatment patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in new york state medicare patients. | hospital charts were reviewed to ascertain the frequency with which patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were being managed in accordance with current guidelines or recommendations in new york state for the calendar year 1993. comparisons were made between hospitals that are designated by the new york state department of health as comprehensive treatment centers--designated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) centers--and all othe ... | 1996 | 10156543 |
| apparent hemolysis in an aids patient receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: case report and literature review. | to describe a case of acute hemolysis associated temporally with administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in a patient with aids, review the available literature on tmp/smx-induced hemolytic anemia, and discuss possible drug- and disease-related factors that may have contributed to the episode of hemolysis. | 1996 | 10157546 |
| pharmacoeconomics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected and hiv-noninfected patients. | despite the proven effectiveness of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in both hiv-infected and hiv-noninfected patients, pcp remains an important cause of serious pulmonary infection. because pcp is a frequent event requiring inpatient admission at our institution, we conducted a study to define the pharmacoeconomics of this infection and the incidence of adverse events associated with anti-pcp therapy. in a retrospective review, 133 patients (101 hiv-positive, 32 hiv-negative) wi ... | 1996 | 10160471 |
| estimating the cost effectiveness of atovaquone versus intravenous pentamidine in the treatment of mild-to-moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common severe opportunistic infection, and one of the most costly, among people with aids. over 50% of patients experience toxic effects of the major anti-pcp medications- cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and pentamidine. recently, the us food and drug administration approved a new oral drug therapy, atovaquone, as an alternative to pentamidine for the treatment of people with mild-to-moderate pcp who are intolerant of cotrimoxazole. ... | 1996 | 10160480 |
| patterns of care for hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a university medical program: a case study. | previous studies have identified large variations in patterns of in-hospital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) care among groups of hospitals and physicians. we evaluated the patterns of care for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) care at a single university program with patients treated at an adjacent county and veterans' administration (va) hospital. all medical care was provided by physicians in a single residency program, but attending physician staffs we ... | 1996 | 10162149 |
| lack of desensitization to aerosol pentamidine with long-term use. | to assess whether long-term exposure to aerosol pentamidine (ap) results in desensitization. | 1996 | 10163353 |
| experience with flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy. | to evaluate the usefulness of fibreoptic bronchoscopy as an investigation in respiratory medicine in sri lanka. | 1996 | 9141755 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: who should receive prophylaxis? | 1996 | 8538221 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. | to determine the clinical spectrum of immunosuppressive conditions and systemic corticosteroid therapy associated with the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a consecutive series of patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1996 | 8538233 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | 1996 | 8538328 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in africa. | 1996 | 8538329 | |
| a meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of pneumocystis carinii prophylactic regimens. | finding the optimal strategy for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection can be problematic. several prophylactic regimens are available, but their relative efficacy and tolerance are not well understood. | 1996 | 8546551 |
| a rapid and inexpensive method for processing induced sputum for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | the authors describe a method to process induced sputum specimens for detection of pneumocystis carinii which is simple, rapid and inexpensive. induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were obtained within a 24-hour period from 41 patients who were hiv-positive and had pulmonary symptoms suspicious for p carinii pneumonia. induced sputum or bal fluid was placed into saccomanno's fixative, blended, and centrifuged. the sediment was stained for p carinii cysts by a modified method with fung ... | 1996 | 8561088 |
| benefit of primary prophylaxis before 18 months of age in reducing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and early death in a cohort of 112 human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants. new york city perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study group. | to determine the effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infection. | 1996 | 8545225 |
| nitric oxide and host defense against pneumocystis carinii infection in a mouse model. | to investigate whether successful host defense against pneumocystis carinii is dependent on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in alveolar macrophages, immunocompetent mice, mice depleted of cd4 lymphocytes with anti-cd4 antibody, and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) were inoculated intratracheally with p. carinii. three weeks later, immunocompetent mice had cleared the organisms completely, while cd4 cell-depleted and scid mice were severely infected (scores, 3 ... | 1996 | 8568306 |
| hiv-related pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis: a unique case and literature review. | 1996 | 8570240 | |
| pentamidine is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. | pentamidine is a cationic drug that is used for the treatment of african trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. when incubated with pharmacological concentrations of pentamidine, some of the etiologic agents of those diseases reach internal concentrations close to 1.0 mm. in this work pentamidine is shown to exhibit characteristics of a cationic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria: it released respiratory control, enhanced the la ... | 1996 | 8579363 |
| antigenic differences associated with genetically distinct pneumocystis carinii from rats. | pneumocystis carinii is a family of organisms found in a wide variety of mammalian lungs. in immunocompromised hosts, the organisms are able to produce an oftentimes fatal pneumonia. the existence of distinct types of pneumocystis populations is strongly supported by antigenic and genetic evidence. in the present study, we assessed the antigenic profiles of two genetically distinct pneumocystis carinii populations, p. carinii f. sp. carinii and p. carinii f. sp. ratti, as well as two types of p. ... | 1996 | 8557354 |
| the laboratory evaluation of opportunistic pulmonary infections. | the patient population at risk for opportunistic pulmonary infections has increased during the last decade. the spectrum of organisms causing opportunistic infections has also grown. with an ever broader list of potential diagnosis, a specific diagnosis of the cause of pulmonary disease becomes more important. recent microbiologic advances have helped to facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of some of these agents. immunoassays are available for the detection of antigen in nasopharyngeal secretio ... | 1996 | 8597323 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with acute leukaemia: is there a need for primary chemoprophylaxis? | 1996 | 8598243 | |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. | 1996 | 8598795 | |
| correlation of pneumocystis carinii pcr with clinical diagnosis in immunocompromised patients. | 1996 | 8622484 | |
| patterns of opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | the pattern of the development of opportunistic infections (ois) in hiv-infected patients was evaluated, based on a cohort of 1,530 patients enrolled in two aids clinical trials group anti-retroviral studies. we quantified the increase in risk of ois associated with the occurrence of a previous oi. this assessment was based on the observed event rates of the more common aids-defining ois: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and a system ... | 1996 | 8624759 |
| off-label drug use in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | we wished to determine the extent to which drugs used to treat hiv disease and its clinical manifestations are prescribed for conditions other than those listed on the u.s. food and drug administration's approved drug label, how such "off-label" use varies by patient characteristics and type of hiv-related medical condition, and the extent to which physicians alter the way they treat hiv-related conditions because of reimbursement problems associated with off-label drug use. we surveyed 1,530 pr ... | 1996 | 8624761 |
| aerosolized pentamidine as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult hepatic and renal transplant recipients. | to examine the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as alternative primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in adult liver and kidney transplant recipients. | 1996 | 8625676 |
| ultrastructural morphology of intermediate forms and forms suggestive of conjugation in the life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | the intrapulmonary life cycle of pneumocystis carinii has been proposed to include asexual reproduction of haploid trophic forms and sexual reproduction to form cysts or ascospores containing 8 intracystic bodies or spores. this study presents the ultrastructural morphology of trophic forms and developing ascospores. nuclear-associated organelles (nao) were observed in these various forms and in a binucleated trophozoite. the unique configuration of the nuclei and nao in this binucleated trophic ... | 1996 | 8627488 |
| nonclassical 2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii. | the synthesis and biological activity of 42 6-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines (2,4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues) are reported. the compounds were synthesized in improved yields compared to previous classical analogues using modifications of procedures reported previously by us. specifically, the s-phenyl-; mono-, di-, and trimethoxyphenyl-; and mono-, di-, and trichlorophenyl-substituted analogues with h or ch3 at the n10 position and methyl and trifluoromethyl phenyl ketone a ... | 1996 | 8627607 |
| relationship between cytomegalovirus cells and survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. | to determine whether cytopathic changes due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are prognostic. | 1996 | 8629399 |
| pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report. | extrapulmonary infection or dissemination of pneumocystis carinii (pc) is rare, but under certain conditions the parasite can spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels. systemic pneumocystosis most often involves the lymph nodes, stomach, spleen, liver, skin, pancreas, choroid and eye. isolated lesions containing pc have also been identified in the thyroid. | 1996 | 8629417 |
| [hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary pentamidine inhalation prophylaxis notwithstanding. are there differences with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without prophylaxis?]. | to study the effect of pentamidine aerosol inhalation, known to be effective and well tolerated in the primary prevention of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), on the severity, on clinical and radiological findings and prognosis of break-through pcp. | 1996 | 8631243 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase: antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 7,8-dialkyl-1,3-diaminopyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines with small molecular size. | a series of 7,8-dialkylpyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines were prepared as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). on the basis of an apparent inverse relationship between compound size and antifungal activity, the compounds were designed to be relatively small and compact. inhibitor design was aided by grid analysis of the three-dimensional structure of candida albicans dhfr, which suggested that relatively small, branched alkyl groups at the 7- and 8-positions of the pyrroloquinazoline ring syst ... | 1996 | 8632413 |
| lipophilic antifolates as agents against opportunistic infections. 1. agents superior to trimetrexate and piritrexim against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii in in vitro evaluations. | 2,4-diaminopteridines (21 compounds) and 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-5-deazapteridines (34 compounds) along with three 2,4-diamino-5-unsubstituted-5-deazapteridines and four 2,4-diaminoquinazolines, each with an aryl groups attached to the 6-position of the heterocyclic moiety through a two-atom bridge (either ch2nh, ch2n(ch3),ch2s, or ch2ch2), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the growth of toxoplasma gondii in culture and as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase enzymes from t. gondii, ... | 1996 | 8632434 |