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molecular interactions of the phytotoxins destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with crucifers and cereals: metabolism and elicitation of plant defenses.destruxin b and sirodesmin pl are phytotoxins produced by the phytopathogenic fungi alternaria brassicae (berk.) sacc. and leptosphaeria maculans (asexual stage phoma lingam), respectively. the molecular interaction of destruxin b and sirodesmin pl with cruciferous and cereal species was investigated using hplc-esi-ms(n). it was determined that crucifers transformed destruxin b to hydroxydestruxin b, but sirodesmin pl was not transformed. overall, the results suggest that the five cruciferous sp ...201222414311
over-expression of tamyb33 encoding a novel wheat myb transcription factor increases salt and drought tolerance in arabidopsis.salt and drought stresses often adversely affect plant growth and productivity, myb transcription factors have been shown to participate in the response to these stresses. here we identified a new r2r3-type myb transcription factor gene tamyb33 from wheat (triticum aestivum). tamyb33 was induced by nacl, peg and aba treatments, and its promoter sequence contains putative abre, myb and other abiotic stress related cis-elements. ectopic over-expression of tamyb33 in arabidopsis thaliana remarkably ...201222350156
identification of high-temperature-responsive genes in cereals.high temperature influences plant development and can reduce crop yields. we examined how ambient temperature influences reproductive development in the temperate cereals wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). high temperature resulted in rapid progression through reproductive development in long days, but inhibited early stages of reproductive development in short days. activation of the long-day flowering response pathway through day-length-insensitive alleles of the photoperi ...201222279145
ectopic expression of a wheat myb transcription factor gene, tamyb73, improves salinity stress tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana.myb transcription factors (tfs) play pivotal roles in the abiotic stress response in plants, but their characteristics and functions in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have not been fully investigated. a novel wheat myb tf gene, tamyb73, is reported here based on the observation that its targeting probe showed the highest salinity-inducibility level among all probes annotated as myb tfs in the cdna microarray. tamyb73 is a r2r3 type myb protein with transactivation activity, and binds with types i, ...201222140235
cell walls of developing wheat starchy endosperm: comparison of composition and rna-seq transcriptome.the transcriptome of the developing starchy endosperm of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) was determined using rna-seq isolated at five stages during grain fill. this resource represents an excellent way to identify candidate genes responsible for the starchy endosperm cell wall, which is dominated by arabinoxylan (ax), accounting for 70% of the cell wall polysaccharides, with 20% (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan, 7% glucomannan, and 4% cellulose. a complete inventory of transcripts of 124 glycosyltransf ...201222123899
skp1 is involved in abscisic acid signalling to regulate seed germination, stomatal opening and root growth in arabidopsis thaliana.abscisic acid (aba) regulates many aspects of plant development, including seed dormancy and germination, root growth and stomatal closure. plant skp1 proteins are subunits of the scf complex e3 ligases, which regulate several phytohormone signalling pathways through protein degradation. however, little is known about skp1 proteins participating in aba signalling. here, we report that the overexpression of triticum aestivum skp1-like 1 (tsk1) in arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) resulted in del ...201222074111
how early can the seeding dates of spring wheat be under current and future climate in saskatchewan, canada?shorter growing season and water stress near wheat maturity are the main factors that presumably limit the yield potential of spring wheat due to late seeding in saskatchewan, canada. advancing seeding dates can be a strategy to help producers mitigate the impact of climate change on spring wheat. it is unknown, however, how early farmers can seed while minimizing the risk of spring frost damage and the soil and machinery constraints.201223094015
the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. 201223110430
identification, characterization and mapping of differentially expressed genes in a winter wheat cultivar (centenaire) resistant to fusarium graminearum infection.fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. a suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat variety centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb. forty-three differentially expressed transcripts were identified and classified in different categories acc ...201222718510
overexpression of wheat lipid transfer protein gene taltp5 increases resistances to cochliobolus sativus and fusarium graminearum in transgenic wheat.the fungus cochliobolus sativus is the main pathogen of common root rot, a serious soil-borne disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the fungus fusarium graminearum is the primary pathogen of fusarium head blight, a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. in this study, the wheat lipid transfer protein gene, taltp5, was cloned and evaluated for its ability to suppress disease development in transgenic wheat. taltp5 expression was induced after c. sativus infection. the taltp5 expression vector ...201222689341
effect of salicylic acid on fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat.salicylic acid (sa) is one of the key signal molecules in regulating plant resistance to diverse pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, it is predominantly associated with resistance against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, and triggering systemic acquired resistance. in contrast, the effect of sa on the defence efficiency of wheat against fusarium head blight (fhb) and its causal agent, fusarium graminearum, is still poorly understood. here we show that the f. graminearum mycelial growth a ...201222385623
rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna.plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ...201222253728
identification of markers linked to the race ug99 effective stem rust resistance gene sr28 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici can cause devastating yield losses in wheat. over the past several decades, stem rust has been controlled worldwide through the use of genetic resistance. stem rust race ttksk (ug99), first detected in uganda in 1998, threatens global wheat production because of its unique virulence combination. as the majority of the currently grown cultivars and advanced breeding lines are susceptible to race ttksk, sources of resistance need to be ide ...201222584633
molecular mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat landrace baihulu and its allelism with pm24.powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in areas with cool and maritime climates. chinese wheat landrace baihulu confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of blumeria graminis dc f. sp. tritici (bgt) races, especially those currently prevailing in shaanxi. the objectives of this study were to determine the chromosome bin location of the mlbhl gene from baihulu and its allelism with pm24. to investigate the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and detect ...201222772588
genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new powdery mildew resistant gene pm46 in common wheat.powdery mildew (pm), caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), has become a serious disease and caused severe yield losses in the wheat production worldwide. resistance gene(s) in wheat cultivars can be quickly overcome by newly evolved pathogen races when these genes are employed for long time or in a large area. it is urgent to search for new sources of resistance to be used in wheat breeding. tabasco is a german resistant cultivar and a new source of resistance gene(s) to pm. an f(2) ...201222660629
fine mapping, phenotypic characterization and validation of non-race-specific resistance to powdery mildew in a wheat-triticum militinae introgression line.introgression of several genomic loci from tetraploid triticum militinae into bread wheat cv. tähti has increased resistance of introgression line 8.1 to powdery mildew in seedlings and adult plants. in our previous work, only a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 4al of the line 8.1 contributed significantly to resistance, whereas qtl on chromosomes 1a, 1b, 2a, 5a and 5b were detected merely on a suggestive level. to verify and characterize all qtls in the line 8.1, a mapping pop ...201222534789
qtl mapping of adult-plant resistances to stripe rust and leaf rust in chinese wheat cultivar bainong 64.stripe rust and leaf rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss. and p. triticina, respectively, are devastating fungal diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). chinese wheat cultivar bainong 64 has maintained acceptable adult-plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew for more than 10 years. the aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci/locus (qtl) for resistance to the two rusts in a population of 179 doubled haploid (dh ...201222806327
qtl mapping of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in a population derived from common wheat cultivars naxos and shanghai 3/catbird.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss., is a severe foliar disease of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. use of adult-plant resistance (apr) is an efficient approach to provide long-term protection of crops from the disease. the german spring wheat cultivar naxos showed a high level of apr to stripe rust in the field. to identify the apr genes in this cultivar, a mapping population of 166 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from a cross ...201222798057
spatial scaling relationships for spread of disease caused by a wind-dispersed plant pathogen.spatial scale is of great importance to understanding the spread of organisms exhibiting long-distance dispersal (ldd). we tested whether epidemics spread in direct proportion to the size of the host population and size of the initial disease focus. this was done through analysis of a previous study of the effects of landscape heterogeneity variables on the spread of accelerating epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) stripe rust, caused by the fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. end-of- ...201224077925
tamca4, a novel wheat metacaspase gene functions in programmed cell death induced by the fungal pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.programmed cell death (pcd) is a physiological process to remove redundant or harmful cells, for the development of multicellular organisms, or for restricting the spread of pathogens (hypersensitive response). metacaspases are cysteine-dependent proteases which play an essential role in pcd. triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (tamca4) is a type ii metacaspase gene cloned from 'suwon11' wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase c14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between t ...201222352715
identification and validation of a major quantitative trait locus for slow-rusting resistance to stripe rust in wheat.stripe (yellow) rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks (pst), is one of the most important wheat (triticum aestivum l.) diseases and causes significant yield losses. a recombinant inbred (ri) population derived from a cross between yanzhan 1 and xichang 76-9 cultivars was evaluated for resistance to wheat stripe rust strain cyr32 at both the seedling and adult plant stages. four resistance quantitative trait loci (qtls) were detected in this population, in which the m ...201222349012
lr68: a new gene conferring slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat.the common wheat cultivar parula possesses a high level of slow rusting, adult plant resistance (apr) to all three rust diseases of wheat. previous mapping studies using an avocet-yra/parula recombinant inbred line (ril) population showed that apr to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in parula is governed by at least three independent slow rusting resistance genes: lr34 on 7ds, lr46 on 1bl, and a previously unknown gene on 7bl. the use of field rust reaction and flanking markers identified two f(6) ...201222297565
genetic characterization of north american populations of the wheat curl mite and dry bulb mite.the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, transmits at least three harmful viruses, wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv), high plains virus (hpv), and triticum mosaic virus (trimv) to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the great plains. this virus complex is considered to be the most serious disease of winter wheat in the western great plains. one component of managing this disease has been developing mite resistance in wheat; however, identification of mite biotypes has complicated deploy ...201223156180
an r2r3 myb transcription factor in wheat, tapimp1, mediates host resistance to bipolaris sorokiniana and drought stresses through regulation of defense- and stress-related genes.in this study, we report new insights into the function of a wheat (triticum aestivum) myb gene tapimp1 through overexpression and underexpression, and its underlying mechanism in wheat. electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast-one-hybrid assays indicated that tapimp1 can bind to five myb-binding sites including aci, and activate the expression of the genes with the cis-element, confirming that tapimp1 is an myb transcription activator. tapimp1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significa ...201223046089
isolation and characterization of a bread wheat salinity responsive erf transcription factor.a screen conducted on both a suppression subtractive hybridization and a full length cdna library made from a salinity tolerant bread wheat cultivar sr3 (triticum aestivum cv. sr3) resulted in the recognition of taerf4, a gene including both an ap2/erf domain and a nuclear localization signal. the 982 bp taerf4 cdna comprised a 582 bp open reading frame, encoding a 193 residue polypeptide of molecular weight 20 kda and calculated pi 8.48. a taerf4-gfp fusion protein localized preferentially to t ...201223000066
wheat f-box protein recruits proteins and regulates their abundance during wheat spike development.f-box proteins, components of the skp1-cullin1-f-box (scf) protein e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, serve as the variable component responsible for substrate recognition and recruitment in scf-mediated proteolysis. f-box proteins interact with skp1 through the f-box motif and with ubiquitination substrates through c-terminal protein interaction domains. f-box proteins regulate plant development, various hormonal signal transduction processes, circadian rhythm, and cell cycle control. we isolated an ...201222729884
the isolation and characterisation of the wheat molecular zipper i homologue, tazyp1.the synaptonemal complex (sc) is a proteinaceous tripartite structure used to hold homologous chromosomes together during the early stages of meiosis. the yeast zip1 and its homologues in other species have previously been characterised as the transverse filament protein of the synaptonemal complex. proper installation of zyp1 along chromosomes has been shown to be dependent on the axial element-associated protein, asy1 in arabidopsis.201222340255
effect of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles or sugar beet pulp on prevalence of salmonella enterica typhimurium in weaned pigs.salmonella enterica typhimurium (st) is of concern in the swine industry with relevance for animal health and consumer safety. nutritional strategies might help to reduce st infection and transmission. this study examined the potential of wheat (triticum aestivum) distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris) pulp (sbp) to alter intestinal microbial communities and st shedding using a trojan model. weaned pigs (n = 105; 28.5 ± 3.5 d of age) were separated into 3 tre ...201223365269
arbuscular mycorrhizal protein mrna over-expression in bread wheat seedlings by trichoderma harzianum raifi (krl-ag2) elicitation.association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and majority of terrestrial plant species provides many benefits to plants that range from stress alleviation and bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals to plant growth promotion and yield quantity. some non-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as, trichoderma harzianum, are known to enhance the amf symbiosis with vascular plants. however, information about their role in amf symbiosis is still limited. shoots of (avocet s) wheat see ...201222227493
chemometric formulation of bacterial consortium-avs for improved decolorization of resonance-stabilized and heteropolyaromatic dyes.a bacterial consortium-avs, consisting of pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112, kocuria rosea mtcc 1532 and micrococcus glutamicus ncim 2168 was formulated chemometrically, using the mixture design matrix based on the design of experiments methodology. the formulated consortium-avs decolorized acid blue 15 and methylene blue with a higher average decolorization rate, which is more rapid than that of the pure cultures. the uv-vis spectrophotometric, fourier transform infra red spectrophotometric an ...201222940340
cloning and comparative analysis of carotenoid β-hydroxylase genes provides new insights into carotenoid metabolism in tetraploid (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hexaploid (triticum aestivum) wheat grains.carotenoid β-hydroxylases attach hydroxyl groups to the β-ionone rings (β-rings) of carotenoid substrates, resulting in modified structures and functions of carotenoid molecules. we cloned and characterized two genes (each with three homeologs), hyd1 and hyd2, which encode β-hydroxylases in wheat. the results from bioinformatic and nested degenerate pcr analyses collectively suggest that hyd1 and hyd2 may represent the entire complement of non-heme di-iron β-hydroxylases in wheat. the homeologs ...201223015203
safety assessment of dehydration-responsive element-binding (dreb) 4 protein expressed in e. coli.dehydration-responsive element-binding (dreb) proteins are important transcription factors in plant responses and signal transduction. the dreb proteins can improve the drought and salt tolerance of plants, which provides an excellent opportunity to develop stress-tolerant genetically modified crops in the future. in the present study, a novel tadreb4 gene (genbank accession no: ay781355.1) from triticum aestivum was amplified by pcr (polymerase chain reaction), and the recombinant plasmid pet 3 ...201222735501
insecticidal activity of wheat hessian fly responsive proteins hfr-1 and hfr-3 towards a non-target wheat pest, cereal aphid (sitobion avenae f.).the interaction between hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) and wheat (triticum aestivum) involves a gene-for-gene resistance mechanism. the incompatible interaction leading to resistance involves up-regulation of several hfr (hessian fly responsive) genes encoding proteins with potential insecticidal activity. the encoded proteins hfr-1, hfr-2 and hfr-3 all possess lectin-like domains. hfr-1 and hfr-3 were produced as recombinant proteins using escherichia coli and pichia pastoris, respectively ...201222609418
molecular characterization of wheat allergens specifically recognized by patients suffering from wheat-induced respiratory allergy.wheat (triticum aestivum) is an important allergen source responsible for various clinical manifestations of allergy (i.e. food allergy, pollen allergy, respiratory allergy to flour-baker's asthma).201222417217
biochemical and bioinformatic characterization of type ii metacaspase protein (taemcaii) from wheat.the biochemical analysis and homology modeling of a tertiary structure of a cereal type ii metacaspase protein from wheat (triticum aestivum), taemcaii, are presented. the biochemical characterization of synthetic oligopeptides and protease inhibitors of escherichia coli-produced and purified recombinant taemcaii revealed that this metacaspase protein, similar to other known plant metacaspases, is an arginine/lysine-specific cysteine protease. thus, a model of a plant type ii metacaspase structu ...201224415839
effects of maturity stages on the nutritive composition and silage quality of whole crop wheat.the changes in yields and nutritive composition of whole crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during maturation and effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria (lab) inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were investigated under laboratory conditions. whole crop wheat harvested at three maturation stages: flowering stage, milk stage and dough stage. two strains of lab (lactobacillus plantarum: lab1, lactobacillus parafarraqinis: lab2) were inoculated for wheat ensiling ...201225049492
effects of dietary supplementation with two potassium formate sources on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs.dietary inclusion of salts of organic acids may modulate intestinal microbiota and enhance performance of pigs. published data on the effects of potassium formate (kf; ph 6.0-8.5) on pig performance are scarce compared with that of potassium diformate (kdf; ph 4.1-4.5). therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of kdf or kf supplementation on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs. a 35-d growth trial was conducted with 144 pic pigs (initial bw of 7.9 ± 0.69 kg) with 6 pigs (3 gilts and 3 ba ...201223365375
effects of dietary true digestible calcium to phosphorus ratio on growth performance and efficiency of calcium and phosphorus use in growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal-based diets.objectives of this study were to determine effects of dietary true fecal digestible ca to true digestible p ratio on growth performance and efficiency of ca and p use in growing pigs fed corn (triticum aestivum)-soybean (glycine max) meal (sbm)-based diets. experiment 1 was carried out to measure true fecal digestibility of ca and p as well as the fecal endogenous outputs of these nutrients associated with a corn and sbm-based diet in 12 yorkshire growing pigs with an average initial bw of 23.2 ...201223365347
high-moisture air-tight storage of barley and wheat improves nutrient digestibility.barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are often stored dry with 14% or less moisture, which during rainy periods may require that grains are dried after harvest. the hypothesis is that air-tight storage of high-moisture barley and wheat will increase nutrient digestibility due to chemical conversions prior to feeding. the objective was to evaluate the effect of high moisture compared to dry storage of barley and wheat on digestibility of p and cp. the crops were grown on 1 field ...201223365343
effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs.two studies, arranged according to a 4 × 4 latin square design, were conducted to assess effects of dietary acidification on fungal 3-phytase (phy) efficacy in growing pigs. in exp. 1, effects of supplementing 500 units/kg feed of phy and 4.7 g/kg hcooh either alone or in combination on the use of p and zn in growing pigs fed a pelleted diet based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), and soybean (glycine max) meal were investigated. in exp. 2 the same dietary treatments were f ...201223365333
digestible energy values of feed ingredients with or without addition of enzymes complex in growing pigs.the de values and digestible nutrients content of 6 diets were measured in 60-kg male growing pigs fed restricted amount of feed. diets were prepared from 5 ingredients [wheat (triticum aestivum), corn (zea mays), barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat bran, and soybean (glycine max) meal; inclusion levels of ingredients were not correlated] with or without carbohydrose enzyme (rovabio excel ap; 3300 endo-β-1,4-xylanase visco units and 300 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase units/kg of feed; 150 g/t of feed) acco ...201223365332
comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibilities in protein supplements and cereal grains for weaned pigs.standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial bw) using the difference method. animals were fitted with a simple ileal t-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. a synthetic diet based on corn (zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (glycine max) meal (esm), rice (oryza sativa) protein concentrate (rpc), full fat heat-treated soybeans (sb), corn, barley (hordeum vulgare), or wheat (tritic ...201223365298
use of self-organizing map to analyze images of fungi colonies grown from triticum aestivum seeds disinfected by ozone treatment.we submitted to ozone treatment triticum aestivum (common wheat) seeds severely contaminated by fungi. fungi colonies developed when seeds were placed over malt agar medium in petri dishes; fusarium sp. and alternaria sp. were identified. however, conventional colonies counting did not allow a clear assessment of the effect of ozone disinfection. we thus used self-organizing maps (soms) to perform an image analysis of colonies surface area that clearly showed a significant disinfection effect on ...201223118753
evaluation of plant resistance inducers on different winter soft wheat cultivars against septoria leaf blotch.septoria tritici blotch (stb) caused by mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici) is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). because of the emergence of fungal strains highly resistant to mainly used fungicides and the deleterious impacts of these fungicides on the environment, development of alternative control strategies to protect wheat crops against stb is needed. the induction of plant resistance by elicitors is likely to be a hel ...201223878965
identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to fusarium crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) in multiple assay environments in the pacific northwestern us.fusarium crown rot (fcr), caused by fusarium pseudograminearum and f. culmorum, reduces wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yields in the pacific northwest (pnw) of the us by as much as 35%. resistance to fcr has not yet been discovered in currently grown pnw wheat cultivars. several significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fcr resistance have been documented on chromosomes 1a, 1d, 2b, 3b, and 4b in resistant australian cultivars. our objective was to identify qtl and tightly linked ssr markers fo ...201222366812
the effects of root endophyte and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat under cadmium toxicity.the effects of piriformospora indica and glomus mosseae on some growth and physiological parameters, and cadmium (cd) amounts in triticum aestivum cv. sardari39 plants under the toxic levels of cd were investigated. the experiment was carried out including four treatments (p. indica inoculation, g. mosseae inoculation, co-inoculation of g. mosseae and p. indica, and non-inoculation), each having four cd concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mm cd). in non-inoculated plants, by increasing cd concen ...201222902797
development of diversity array technology (dart) markers for assessment of population structure and diversity in aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii coss. is the d-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and is the most promising wild species as a genetic resource for wheat breeding. to study the population structure and diversity of 81 ae. tauschii accessions collected from various regions of its geographical distribution, the genomic representation of these lines were used to develop a diversity array technology (dart) marker array. this ae. tauschii array and a previously developed dart wheat array were ...201223136512
discovery of high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms from large-scale de novo analysis of leaf transcripts of aegilops tauschii, a wild wheat progenitor.construction of high-resolution genetic maps is important for genetic and genomic research, as well as for molecular breeding. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the predominant class of genetic variation and can be used as molecular markers. aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of common wheat, is considered a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. our previous study implied that ae. tauschii accessions can be genealogically divided into two major lineages. in this study, the ...201223125207
variation in abscisic acid responsiveness of aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheat synthetics due to the d-genome diversity.common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allohexaploid that originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum) and diploid aegilops tauschii. ae. tauschii is considered one of the potential sources of new genetic variation in abiotic stress tolerance for improving common wheat. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. in this study, aba responsiveness of 67 ae. tauschii accessions and their synthetic hexaploid whe ...201222531790
homoeology of thinopyrum junceum and elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the thinopyrum and elymus chromosomes in wheat.thirteen common wheat "chinese spring" (cs)-thinopyrum junceum addition lines and three common wheat "fukuhokomuji"(fuku)-elymus rectisetus addition lines were characterized and verified as disomic additions of a th. junceum or e. rectisetus chromosome in the wheat backgrounds by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization. another fuku-e. rectisetus addition line, a1048, was found to contain multiple segregating e. rectisetus chromosomes. seven partial cs-th. junceum amphiploids were identified t ...201222968763
characterization of alien chromosomes in backcross derivatives of triticum aestivum × elymus rectisetus hybrids by using molecular markers and sequential multicolor fish/gish.wild triticeae grasses serve as important gene pools for forage and cereal crops. based on dna sequences of genome-specific rapd markers, sequence-tagged site (sts) markers specific for w and y genomes have been obtained. coupling with the use of genomic in situ hybridization, these sts markers enabled the identification of the w- and y-genome chromosomes in backcross derivatives from hybrids of bread wheat triticum aestivum l. (2n=42; aabbdd) and elymus rectisetus (nees in lehm.) á. löve & conn ...201222494709
down-regulation of the tagw2 gene by rna interference results in decreased grain size and weight in wheat.for important food crops such as wheat and rice, grain yield depends on grain number and size. in rice (oryza sativa), gw2 was isolated from a major quantitative trait locus for yield and encodes an e3 ring ligase that negatively regulates grain size. wheat (triticum aestivum) has tagw2 homologues in the a, b, and d genomes, and polymorphisms in tagw2-a were associated with grain width. here, to investigate tagw2 function, rna interference (rnai) was used to down-regulate tagw2 transcript levels ...201222996678
a shrunken-2 transgene increases maize yield by acting in maternal tissues to increase the frequency of seed development.the maize (zea mays) shrunken-2 (sh2) gene encodes the large subunit of the rate-limiting starch biosynthetic enzyme, adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. expression of a transgenic form of the enzyme with enhanced heat stability and reduced phosphate inhibition increased maize yield up to 64%. the extent of the yield increase is dependent on temperatures during the first 4 d post pollination, and yield is increased if average daily high temperatures exceed 33 °c. as found in wheat (triticum aestivum) ...201222751213
development of a deletion and genetic linkage map for the 5a and 5b chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum).the aims of the present study were to provide deletion maps for wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) chromosomes 5a and 5b and a detailed genetic map of chromosome 5a enriched with popular microsatellite markers, which could be compared with other existing maps and useful for mapping major genes and quantitative traits loci (qtl). physical mapping of 165 gssr and est-ssr markers was conducted by amplifying each primer pair on chinese spring, aneuploid lines, and deletion lines for the homoeologous grou ...201222624876
sequence composition and gene content of the short arm of rye (secale cereale) chromosome 1.the purpose of the study is to elucidate the sequence composition of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (secale cereale) with special focus on its gene content, because this portion of the rye genome is an integrated part of several hundreds of bread wheat varieties worldwide.201222328922
the temporal and species dynamics of photosynthetic acclimation in flag leaves of rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) under elevated carbon dioxide.in this study, we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [co₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat. in order to characterize the temporal onset of acclimation and the basis for any observed decline in photosynthetic rate, we characterized net photosynthesis, g(s) , g(m) , c(i) /c(a) , c(i) /c(c) , v(cmax) , j(max) , cell wall thickness, content of rubisco, cytochrome (cyt) f, n, chlorophyll and carbohydrate, mrna expression for rbc ...201222268610
[a novel method for extracting leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence of typical crops under cu stress].the leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence changes when the typical crops are under cu stress, which can be considered as a sensitive indicator to estimate the stress level. in the present study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), pea (pisum sativum l.) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) were selected and cultured with copper solutions or copper polluted soil with different cu stress. the apparent reflectance of leaves was measured by an asd fieldspec spectrometer and an integrating sphere. ...201222827073
prececal digestibility of various sources of starch in minipigs with or without experimentally induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.low prececal digestibility of starch leads to a higher starch flux into the hindgut, causing a forced microbial fermentation, energy losses, and meteorism. for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi), lack of pancreatic amylase can be compensated mostly by hindgut fermentation of starch. even in pigs with complete loss of pancreatic secretion, starch digestibility over the entire tract is reaching levels of controls. to optimize diets for human patients with epi, the proportion of starch that is ...201223365290
assessment of the use potential of edible sea urchins (paracentrotus lividus) processing waste within the agricultural system: influence on soil chemical and biological properties and bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (triticum vulgare) growth in an amended acidic soil.in this study we evaluated the influence of ground purple sea urchin (paracentrotus lividus) endoskeletons, a processing waste common to all edible sea urchin plants, on the chemical, biochemical and microbiological features of an acidic (ph 5.65) sandy-loam soil. the purple sea urchin endoskeletons were characterized by a high content of total carbonates (∼94%), a moderately alkaline ph in water (ph 7.88) and electrical conductivity values (3.55 ms/cm) very similar to those of commercial lime. ...201222659645
quality characteristics of bread produced from wheat, rice and maize flours.rice (oryza sativa) flour and maize (zea mays) meal substitution in wheat (triticum aestivum) flour, from 0 to 100% each, for the production of bread was investigated. the proximate analysis, pasting properties, bread making qualities of raw materials and sensory evaluation of the bread samples were determined. the pasting temperature increased with increased percentage of rice flour and maize meal. but the other pasting characters decreased with the higher proportion of rice flour. the baking a ...201224293700
rootrak: automated recovery of three-dimensional plant root architecture in soil from x-ray microcomputed tomography images using visual tracking.x-ray microcomputed tomography (μct) is an invaluable tool for visualizing plant root systems within their natural soil environment noninvasively. however, variations in the x-ray attenuation values of root material and the overlap in attenuation values between roots and soil caused by water and organic materials represent major challenges to data recovery. we report the development of automatic root segmentation methods and software that view μct data as a sequence of images through which root ...201222190339
toxicology of isoproturon to the food crop wheat as affected by salicylic acid.isoproturon, a herbicide belonging to the phenylurea family, is widely used to kill weeds in soils. recent study indicated that isoproturon has become a contaminant in ecosystems due to its intensive use, thus bringing environmental risks to crop production safety. salicylic acid (sa) is one of the components in plant defense signaling pathways and regulates diverse physiological responses to biotic and environmental stresses. the purpose of the study is to help to understand how sa mediates the ...201222231370
prevalence of puroindoline d1 and puroindoline b-2 variants in u.s. pacific northwest wheat breeding germplasm pools, and their association with kernel texture.kernel texture is a major factor influencing the classification and end use properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and is mainly controlled by the puroindoline a (pina) and puroindoline b (pinb) genes. recently, a new puroindoline gene, puroindoline b-2 (pin b-2), was identified. in this study, 388 wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from the u.s. pacific northwest were investigated for frequencies of puroindoline d1 alleles and pinb-2 variants 2 and 3. results indicated that pinb-d ...201222231024
antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of blue wheat (uc66049 triticum aestivum l.).antioxidant activity-guided fractionation based on three in vitro antioxidant assays (folin-ciocalteu, teac, and leucomethylene blue assays) was used to identify major antioxidants in blue wheat (uc66049 triticum aestivum l.). after consecutive extractions with solvents of various polarities and multiple chromatographic fractionations, several potent antioxidants were identified by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3 ...201222225003
wheat wrky genes tawrky2 and tawrky19 regulate abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis plants.wrky-type transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and stress response. wrky genes have been found to be responsive to abiotic stresses; however, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown especially in crops. here, we identified stress-responsive wrky genes from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and studied their functions in stress tolerance. forty-three putative tawrky genes were identified and two multiple stress-induced genes, tawrky2 a ...201222220579
h(+)/phenanthrene symporter and aquaglyceroporin are implicated in phenanthrene uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic to human and nonhuman organisms. dietary intake of pahs is a dominant route of exposure for the general population because food crops are a major source of dietary pahs. the mechanism for crop root uptake of pahs remains unclear. here we reveal that wheat root uptake of pahs involves active and passive processes. the passive uptake is mercury and glycerol dependent. mercury and glycerol inhibit uptake, indic ...201222218187
effect of mechanical weeding on wild chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) populations in winter wheat crop (triticum aestivum l.).currently, economic, agronomic and environmental concerns lead to reduce the use of herbicides. mechanical weeding can help to reach this objective. dynamics and biology of wild chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) populations were assessed as well as dynamic of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for four level of application of a weeder-harrow (0, 1, 2, 3 treatment(s)). after each treatment, an effect of mechanical weeding on wild chamomile density was observed. density of wild chamomile decre ...201223878991
identification of rapd and issr markers for drought tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).drought tolerance is the essential trait that needs to be incorporated in cereal crops, particularly those grown under the rainfed cultivation. drought tolerance being contributed by several regions of the genome requires identification of these regions, using suitable molecular markers. therefore, present investigation was aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity present among the cultivars of rainfed and the irrigated areas with respect to the drought tolerant trait. in all, 14 rapd and 90 iss ...201223573046
mercury induced phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants.the phytotoxicity and oxidative damage in response to different concentrations of hg (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 25 μm) were evaluated in wheat plants. the root and shoot growth, content of chlorophyll and total soluble protein declined at 10 and 25 μm hg. roots of the plant were more affected as compared to the shoot. the malondialdehyde (mda) quantity enhanced in the roots of wheat plants treated with 10 and 25 μm hg and in the leaves of plants treated with 25 μm hg. the concentration of h2o2 decre ...201223573037
drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of differing drought tolerance at the metabolite level.drought has serious effects on the physiology of cereal crops. at the cellular and specifically the metabolite level, many individual compounds are increased to provide osmoprotective functions, prevent the dissociation of enzymes, and to decrease the number of reactive oxygen species present in the cell. we have used a targeted gc-ms approach to identify compounds that differ in three different cultivars of bread wheat characterized by different levels of tolerance to drought under drought stre ...201222207720
large scale in silico identification of myb family genes from wheat expressed sequence tags.the myb proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. much research has been performed to determine their structures, functions, and evolution, especially in the model plants, arabidopsis, and rice. however, this transcription factor family has been much less studied in wheat (triticum aestivum), for which no genome sequence is yet available. despite this, expressed sequence tags are an important resource that permits opportunities for large scale gene identific ...201222187170
chromosomes 3b and 4d are associated with several milling and baking quality traits in a soft white spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) population.wheat is marketed based on end-use quality characteristics and better knowledge of the underlying genetics of specific quality parameters is essential to enhance the breeding process. a set of 188 recombinant inbred lines from a 'louise' by 'penawawa' mapping population was grown in two crop years at two locations in the pacific northwest region of the united states and data were collected on 17 end-use quality traits using established quality analysis protocols. using an established genetic lin ...201222186959
asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat.self-pollination dominates in wheat, with a small level of out-crossing due to flowering asynchrony and male sterility. however, the timing and synchrony of male and female flowering in wheat is a crucial determinant of seed set and may be an important factor affecting gene flow and resilience to climate change. here, a methodology is presented for assessing the timing and synchrony of flowering in wheat, triticum aestivum.201222186277
contrasting responses of salinity-stressed salt-tolerant and intolerant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to ozone pollution.contrasting winter wheat cultivars, salt-tolerant dk961 and intolerant jn17, which sown in no salinity (-s) and salinity (+s) boxes were exposed to charcoal filtered air (cf) and elevated o(3) (+o(3)) in open top chambers (otcs) for 30 days. in -s dk961 and jn17 plants, +o(3) dk961 and jn17 plants had significantly lower light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (a(sat), 26% and 24%), stomatal conductance (g(s), 20% and 32%) and chlorophyll contents (10% and 21%), while o(3) considerably increase ...201222285371
development of a multiplex dna-based traceability tool for crop plant materials.the authenticity of food is of increasing importance for producers, retailers and consumers. all groups benefit from the correct labelling of the contents of food products. producers and retailers want to guarantee the origin of their products and check for adulteration with cheaper or inferior ingredients. consumers are also more demanding about the origin of their food for various socioeconomic reasons. in contrast to this increasing demand, correct labelling has become much more complex becau ...201222071608
time-dependent distribution of sulphur, sulphate and glutathione in wheat tissues and grain as affected by three sulphur fertilization levels and late s fertilization.sulphur (s) fertilization has beneficial effects on yield and protein composition of mature wheat kernels. however, to understand the impact of s fertilization on storage protein composition, synthesis of s-containing compounds and their distribution during grain development has to be examined. a pot experiment with triticum aestivum cultivar türkis under three s fertilization levels (0 g, 0.1 g und 0.2 g s per pot) and a late s fertilization level at ear emergence was carried out. stalk and lea ...201222070976
genetic behaviour of physiological traits conferring cytosolic k+/na+ homeostasis in wheat.a plant's ability to maintain an optimal cytosolic k(+)/na(+) ratio has long been cited as a key feature of salinity tolerance. as traditional whole-leaf nutrient analysis does not account for tissue and organelle-specific ion sequestration, the predictive value of this index at the whole-plant level is not always satisfactory. consequently, suitable in situ methods for functionally assessing the activity of the key membrane transporters contributing to this trait at the cellular level need to b ...201222117736
cryptic introgression of dasypyrum villosum parental dna in wheat lines derived from intergeneric hybridization.cytogenetic and dna molecular analyses have been carried out in 3 wheat introgression lines (ils; cs×v58, cs×v59, and cs×v60) derived from triticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' (cs) × dasypyrum villosum(dv) intergeneric hybridization. all lines, which showed several phenotypic differences compared to cs, had the same chromosome number (2n = 42) and structure as cs, and neither chromosomes nor chromatin from dv were apparently added to their complement. however, feulgen/dna cytophotometry showed ...201222104134
quantitative trait loci mapping of dark-induced senescence in winter wheat (triticum aestivum).in order to explore the genetics of dark-induced senescence in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was carried out in a doubled haploid population developed from a cross between the varieties hanxuan 10 (hx) and lumai 14 (lm). the senescence parameters chlorophyll content (chl a+b, chl a, and chl b), original fluorescence (fo), maximum fluorescence level (fm), maximum photochemical efficiency (fv/fm), and ratio of variable fluorescence to original fluore ...201222098940
a transcriptomic analysis reveals the nature of salinity tolerance of a wheat introgression line.the bread wheat cultivar shanrong no.3 (sr3) is a salinity tolerant derivative of an asymmetric somatic hybrid between cultivar jinan 177 (jn177) and tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum). to reveal some of the mechanisms underlying its elevated abiotic stress tolerance, both sr3 and jn177 were exposed to iso-osmotic nacl and peg stress, and the resulting gene expression was analysed using a customized microarray. some genes associated with stress response proved to be more highly expressed in s ...201222089973
proteomes of hard and soft near-isogenic wheat lines reveal that kernel hardness is related to the amplification of a stress response during endosperm development.wheat kernel texture, a major trait determining the end-use quality of wheat flour, is mainly influenced by puroindolines. these small basic proteins display in vitro lipid binding and antimicrobial properties, but their cellular functions during grain development remain unknown. to gain an insight into their biological function, a comparative proteome analysis of two near-isogenic lines (nils) of bread wheat triticum aestivum l. cv. falcon differing in the presence or absence of the puroindolin ...201222080980
in vitro-cultured wheat spikes provide a simplified alternative for studies of cadmium uptake in developing grains.an immature wheat spike culture system was used to monitor cadmium (cd) accumulation in grains, hulls and awns of bread wheat and durum wheat. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis in a medium containing 50 g l(-1) sucrose and 0.4 g l(-1) l-glutamine, supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mg l(-1) cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)). grains were collected at maturity and their cd accumulation was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms).201222173723
effect of freeze drying and oven drying on antioxidant properties of fresh wheatgrass.the effects of freeze drying and hot air drying on total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant properties of flour from seven-day-old fresh wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated. in the quantitative analysis of antioxidative components, fresh wheatgrass samples had the highest amount of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, but the lowest amount of total flavonoids and phenolics. in the analysis of ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (frap), ethanolic extract from freeze-dried w ...201222171655
towards an understanding of wheat chloroplasts: a methodical investigation of thylakoid proteome.we utilized percoll density gradient centrifugation to isolate and fractionate chloroplasts of korean winter wheat cultivar cv. kumgang (triticum aestivum l.). the resulting protein fractions were separated by one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1d-page) coupled with ltq-fticr mass spectrometry. this enabled us to detect and identify 767 unique proteins. our findings represent the most comprehensive exploration of a proteome to date. based on annotation information from the unipr ...201222160430
plant morphophysiological and anatomical factors associated with nitrous oxide flux from wheat (triticum aestivum).experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of nitrous oxide (n₂o) emission from wheat varieties viz., sonalika, huw 468, huw 234 and dbw 14 grown in alluvial soils of north bank plain agroclimatic zone of assam, india. attempts were made to find out the relationship of n₂o emission with plant morphophysiological, anatomical and soil properties. n₂o fluxes from wheat varieties ranged from 40 μg n₂o-n m⁻² h⁻¹ to 295 μg n₂o-n m⁻² h⁻¹. soil organic carbon and soil temperature have shown signif ...201222146810
identification and expression pattern of ribosomal l5 gene in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the full-length cdna sequence (1158 bp) encoding a ribosomal l5 protein, designated as tal5, was firstly isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using the rapid amplification of cdna ends method (race). the open reading frame (orf) of tal5 gene was 906 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence (301 residues) shared high similarity to those of other higher plant l5 proteins. tal5 protein contained a putative 5s binding region (74 amino acids). tal5 dna sequence was further cloned, and seq ...201222143034
overexpression of gcn2-type protein kinase in wheat has profound effects on free amino acid concentration and gene expression.a key point of regulation of protein synthesis and amino acid homoeostasis in eukaryotes is the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eif2α) by protein kinase general control nonderepressible (gcn)-2. in this study, a gcn2-type pcr product (tagcn2) was amplified from wheat (triticum aestivum) rna, while a wheat eif2α homologue was identified in wheat genome data and found to contain a conserved target site for phosphorylation by gcn2. tagcn2 overexpressi ...201222070093
fine genetic mapping of greenbug aphid-resistance gene gb3 in aegilops tauschii.the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), is an important aphid pest of small grain crops especially wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes aabbdd) in many parts of the world. the greenbug-resistance gene gb3 originated from aegilops tauschii coss. (2n = 2x = 14, genome d(t)d(t)) has shown consistent and durable resistance against prevailing greenbug biotypes in wheat fields. we previously mapped gb3 in a recombination-rich, telomeric bin of wheat chromosome arm 7dl. in this study ...201222038487
exploration of small non coding rnas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).large numbers of noncoding rna transcripts (ncrnas) are being revealed in animals and plants, which can function at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level to negatively regulate or control genes, repetitive sequences, viruses, and mobile elements. with the identification of microrna and sirnas in diverse organisms, increasing evidences indicate that these short npcrnas play important roles in development, stress response and diseases by cleavage of target mrna or interfere with transla ...201222009635
sequencing wheat chromosome arm 7bs delimits the 7bs/4al translocation and reveals homoeologous gene conservation.complex triticeae genomes pose a challenge to genome sequencing efforts due to their size and repetitive nature. genome sequencing can reveal details of conservation and rearrangements between related genomes. we have applied illumina second generation sequencing technology to sequence and assemble the low copy and unique regions of triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7bs, followed by the construction of a syntenic build based on gene order in brachypodium. we have delimited the position of a previ ...201222001910
identification of genetic factors controlling kernel hardness and related traits in a recombinant inbred population derived from a soft × 'extra-soft' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cross.kernel hardness or texture, used to classify wheat (triticum aestivum l.) into soft and hard classes, is a major determinant of milling and baking quality. wheat genotypes in the soft class that are termed 'extra-soft' (with kernel hardness in the lower end of the spectrum) have been associated with superior end-use quality. in order to better understand the relationship between kernel hardness, milling yield, and various agronomic traits, we performed quantitative trait mapping using a recombin ...201221959906
mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus resistance in bread wheat.wheat yellow mosaic (wym) caused by wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (wymv) has been growing as one of the most serious diseases affecting wheat production in china. in this study, the association of quantitative trait loci (qtls) governing wymv resistance with molecular markers was established using 164 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from 'xifeng wheat' (highly resistant) × 'zhen 9523' (highly susceptible). phenotypic data of wymv resistance of the rils were collected from 4-year, two-loc ...201221959905
comparative proteome analysis of glutenin synthesis and accumulation in developing grains between superior and poor quality bread wheat cultivars.wheat glutenins are the major determinants of wheat quality. in this study, grains at the development stage from three wheat cultivars (jimai 20, jin 411 and zhoumai 16) with different bread-making quality were harvested based on thermal times from 150 °c(d) to 750 °c(d) , and were used to investigate glutenin accumulation patterns and their relationships with wheat quality.201221815156
transformation of the us bread wheat 'butte 86' and silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes.complex groups of proteins determine the unique functional properties of wheat flour and are sometimes responsible for food intolerances and allergies in individuals that consume wheat products. transgenic approaches can be used to explore the functions of different flour proteins, but are limited to the few wheat cultivars that can be transformed and also by the lack of detailed information about genes and proteins expressed in grain from those cultivars. the us bread wheat butte 86 has been ex ...201221844700
changes in the water status and osmotic solute contents in response to drought and salicylic acid treatments in four different cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum).salicylic acid (sa) controls growth and stress responses in plants. it also induces drought tolerance in plants. in this paper, four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with different drought responses were treated with sa in three levels of drain (90, 60, 30% of maximum field capacity) to examine its interactive effects on drought responses and contents of osmotic solutes that may be involved in growth and osmotic adjustment. under drought condition, the cultivars geza 164 and sakha 69 had t ...201221445718
the quantitative response of wheat vernalization to environmental variables indicates that vernalization is not a response to cold temperature.the initiation of flowering is a crucial trait that allows temperate plants to flower in the favourable conditions of spring. the timing of flowering initiation is governed by two main mechanisms: vernalization that defines a plant's requirement for a prolonged exposure to cold temperatures; and photoperiod sensitivity defining the need for long days to initiate floral transition. genetic variability in both vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity largely explains the adaptability of cultivate ...201221994169
the wheat gene tast can increase the salt tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis.on the basis of the results of gene chip analysis of the salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49 under conditions of salt stress, we identified and cloned an unknown salt-induced gene tast (triticum aestivum salt-tolerant). real-time quantitative pcr analysis showed that the expression of the gene was induced by salt stress. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing the tast gene showed higher salt tolerance than the wild-type controls. subcellular localization studies revealed that the protein ...201221993814
genomic diversity of ac-like transposable elements in sphaerococcum mutant forms of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (x triticosecale witt.).dna sequences homologous to the maize activator (ac) element are widespread in plant genomes. nowadays, several reports are available concerning the distribution and characterisation of ac-homologous sequences in natural populations of different cereal species. but these mobile genetic elements still remain to be comprehensively characterised. in this respect, there is a particular lack of information about the dynamics of ac-homologous sequences within mutant germplasm collections. here, we pre ...201221971991
comparison of photosynthetic components of wheat genotypes under rain-fed and irrigated conditions.the major environmental factor limiting the range of adaptation for wheat is drought. fourteen wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l.) were grown under two environments (irrigated and rain fed) to determine physiological and photosynthetic responses to drought. combined analysis of variance of the data showed that the environment was a significant source of variation for leaf chlorophyll content (lcc), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and grain yield (gy). wheat genotypes differed significantly for lc ...201221967636
functional features of a single chromosome arm in wheat (1al) determined from its structure.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops globally and a high priority for genetic improvement, but its large and complex genome has been seen as intractable to whole genome sequencing. isolation of individual wheat chromosome arms has facilitated large-scale sequence analyses. however, so far there is no such survey of sequences from the a genome of wheat. greater understanding of an a chromosome could facilitate wheat improvement and future sequencing of the entire ...201221892730
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