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potential applications for annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease.foodborne disease is a major public health problem. the present study examined annona squamosa leaves, which are traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other infections, for their potential to be used in modern food safety or medicine. active constituents were partially purified by ethanol extraction and column chromatography. mics of the extract were 62.5 to 125 microg/ml against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus, and 250 microg/ml against campylobacter jejuni. ...201323678817
rapid detection and respirometric profiling of aerobic bacteria on panels of selective media.to evaluate high-throughput optical oxygen microrespirometry for selective detection and predictive identification of aerobic bacteria.201323107004
[enteropathogens responsible for gastrointestinal disorders in hiv patients].gastrointestinal disorders or gid are debilitating conditions common in individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), capable of leading to death. numerous etiological agents and pathophysiological mechanisms have been involved in this status. although the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in many countries has greatly reduced the prevalence of gastrointestinal infections, enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses may still act as opport ...201323781716
impact of 6 different intestinal bacteria on broiler breeder sperm motility in vitro.male fertility is often evaluated by measuring sperm parameters, including concentration, viability, and motility. this is important because after copulation occurs, sperm must overcome many barriers in the female reproductive tract to fertilize the ovum. in mammalian species, sperm have been shown to have reduced motility when bacteria are present. in male broiler breeders, bacteria have been associated with spermatozoa, but their effect on motility has not been investigated. the sperm quality ...201323873566
[traveller's diarrhea: epidemiology, clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment].bacterial causes are predominant: enterotoxigenic (etec) ou enteroadherent escherichia coli, salmonella sp., shigella sp., campylobacter jejuni, acrobacter sp., enterotoxigenic bacteroïdes fragilis. prevention relies on the hand and food hygiene standards (heat-cooked meals). watery diarrhea (toxigenic enterocolitis) is the most frequent clinical presentation associated with a risk of dehydration; the body temperature is normal except in cases of severe dehydration. less frequent are invasive en ...201323246203
occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on swedish pig and chicken farms.a total of 207 wild rodents were caught on nine pig farms, five chicken farms and five non-farm locations in sweden and surveyed for a selection of bacteria, parasites and viruses. lawsonia intracellularia and pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica were only detected in rodents on pig farms (9% and 8% prevalence, respectively) which indicate that these agents are more likely to be transmitted to rodents from pigs or the environment on infected farms. brachyspira hyodysenteriae (1%), brachyspira inte ...201323174339
cell-free preparations of lactobacillus acidophilus strain la-5 and bifidobacterium longum strain ncc2705 affect virulence gene expression in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly reported bacterial causes of acute diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. potential virulence factors include motility, chemotaxis, colonization ability, adhesion to intestinal cells, invasion and epithelial translocation, intracellular survival, and formation of toxins. probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains are known to have an inhibitory effect against the growth of various foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to inve ...201324112574
application of protective cultures against listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni in chicken products packaged under modified atmosphere.to control the growth, or reduce the numbers, of food pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni in chicken products packaged under modified atmosphere (map), the effectiveness of protective cultures was evaluated in this study. leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides pck18 reduced the counts of l. monocytogenes by 1.22 log cfu/g in chicken burgers under map after 24 d. furthermore, a reduction of 1.16 log cfu/g in c. jejuni together with a delay in the growth of lactic acid bacte ...201323472035
evaluation of the culture method nihsj-02 alternative to iso 10272-1:2006 for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken: collaborative study.for the surveillance of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in japan, a qualitative method, national institute of health sciences japan (nihsj)-02, was developed as an alternative to international organization for standardization (iso) 10272-1:2006. in the nihsj-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of preston broth at 42 +/- 1 degrees c to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bact ...201324282937
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from environmental waters in the mediterranean area.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are important animal-related waterborne pathogens that are distributed worldwide. to further understand campylobacter populations in water from the mediterranean area, the genetic diversity of environmental strains was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlst was also used to determine the potential geographical differences between these bacterial strains and other campylobacters isolated worldwide. the typing study was conducted using 58 ...201324216328
antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (eos: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of campylobacter jejuni (acm 3393 and the poultry isolate c338), campylobacter coli and other gram negative and gram positive bacteria. different formulations of neem oil (azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tes ...201324041998
preventing campylobacter at the source: why is it so difficult?campylobacteriosis in humans, caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, is the most common recognized bacterial zoonosis in the european union and the united states. the acute phase is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. the long-term sequelae (guillain-barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome) contribute considerably to the disease burden. attribution studies identified poultry as the reservoir responsible for up to 80% of the human ca ...201324014733
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry carcasses in poland.the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in poland. for the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. a total of 498 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. strains were identified to species with the pcr method; 53.6% of the strains were campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were campylobacter coli. a high p ...201323905805
review of current methodologies to isolate and identify campylobacter spp. from foods.this article summarizes the most effective protocols to isolate campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli) from food, primarily poultry products, and includes a summary of the current methods recommended by the food and drug administration and the u.s. department of agriculture in the usa, and iso in europe. the recommended temperature for incubation of the samples throughout the isolation procedure is 42°c. the enrichment of the samples for 48h, which can be perform ...201323899774
potential of a commercially available water acidification product for reducing campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter.1. this study investigated the potential of a commercially available acidified water treatment (pwt) for reducing the number of campylobacter in vitro and other bacteria in the gut of live broilers. 2. in vitro tests indicated that pwt was highly effective for reducing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at the recommended concentration in water, reducing populations by greater than 7 log10 cfu/ml after 24 h exposure. the decrease in the number of salmonella serovar enteritidis and esche ...201323796116
prevalence of campylobacter spp. relative to other enteric pathogens in grow-finish pigs with diarrhea.salmonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis, and brachyspira spp. are pathogens commonly associated with diarrhea in growing and finishing pigs. brachyspira spp. infection has recently reemerged as a significant concern due to an increase in the incidence of swine dysentery; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase in dysentery remain largely unknown. pigs are also well-recognized as potential carriers of campylobacter spp., particularly campylobacter coli, yet enteric disease in swine ass ...201323792232
absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from poultry in italy. 201323788478
pathogenic microbiological baseline survey of pork carcasses in taiwan.from 2004 to 2010, pork carcass swabs from state-inspected slaughter plants in taiwan were intermittently analyzed to determine the prevalence of selected pathogenic microorganisms associated with foodborne illness. the prevalences of staphylococcus aureus each year from 2006 to 2010 were 6.6, 10.8, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.4%, respectively, while those of listeria monocytogenes were 1.2% in 2004, 1.3% in 2005, and 3.5% in 2008. the prevalences of clostridium perfringens were 0.9% in 2004, 3.2% in 2005, ...201323726203
demographic and clinical characteristics of campylobacter bacteremia in children with and without predisposing factors.campylobacter, a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, rarely causes bacteremia, which is reported mainly in immune-compromised children. our aim was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood campylobacter bacteremia (cb) between children with and without risk factors for cb.201323694835
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species in cats and dogs from bydgoszcz (poland) region.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cats and dogs as a potential reservoir of campylobacter spp. rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 71 cats were examined. samples were obtained from the animals aged between 2 weeks and 24 months living in shelters, private households, farms and from veterinary clinics located in bydgoszcz region during routine check-up. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 4.81% dogs and 9.86% cats, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in this study. all strains ...201323691584
occurrence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and duck eggs in selangor, malaysia.the importance of campylobacter and salmonella as foodborne pathogens is well recognised globally. a recent work in penang found ducks in commercial farms were infected with these organisms. the aim of the study was to detect the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and salmonella in duck eggs in farms in a small part of selangor. cloacal swabs were obtained from 75 ducks and 30 duck eggs from three farms. the isolation and identification of campylobacter and salmonella were done us ...201323665722
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni cryptic plasmid ptiw94 recovered from wild birds in the southeastern united states.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a cryptic plasmid, ptiw94, recovered from several campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in the southeastern united states. ptiw94 is a circular molecule of 3860 nucleotides, with a g+c content (31.0%) similar to that of many campylobacter spp. genomes. a typical origin of replication, with iteron sequences, was identified upstream of dna sequences that demonstrated similarity to replication initiation proteins. a total of five open read ...201323639726
using campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli data and bayesian microbial risk assessment to examine public health risks in agricultural watersheds under tile drainage management.human campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial gastrointestinal illness in canada; environmental transmission has been implicated in addition to transmission via consumption of contaminated food. information about campylobacter spp. occurrence at the watershed scale will enhance our understanding of the associated public health risks and the efficacy of source water protection strategies. the overriding purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative framework to assess and compare the rel ...201323623467
aerobic growth of campylobacter in media supplemented with c3-monocarboxylates and c4-dicarboxylates.experiments were conducted to examine aerobic growth of campylobacter spp. in basal media supplemented with c4-dicarboxylates (fumarate, succinate, or malate) and c3-monocarboxylates (pyruvate or lactate). basal medium was supplemented with 30 mm fumarate, succinate, or malate and 0 to 100 mm lactate or pyruvate; inoculated with 10(6) cfu/ml of campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, or campylobacter jejuni; then incubated aerobically at 37 °c for 72 h. optical density (od) of cultures was meas ...201323575134
improvement of karmali agar by addition of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in whole-chicken carcass rinse.the karmali agar was modified by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin b. the goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of polymyxin b on the ability and selectivity of the modified karmali agar to isolate campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from whole chicken carcass rinse. a total of 80 whole chickens were rinsed with 400 ml of buffer peptone water. the rinsed samples were incubated with 2× blood-free modified bolton enrichment broth for 48 h ...201323550907
improved protocol for isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat and use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for the typing of isolates.to improve the detection of campylobacter spp. in retail broiler meat, a reference method (r subsamples) based on the enrichment of 25 g of meat in bolton broth at 42°c under microaerobiosis was compared with an alternative method (a subsamples) consisting in the rinsing of meat samples for 30s in buffered peptone water with antimicrobials with incubation at 42°c under aerobiosis. one piece of meat (breasts, tenderloins and thighs) was rinse in experiment 1 (a1) and two pieces in experiment 2 (a ...201323545445
salmonella, campylobacter, and chlamydophila in bald ibis (geronticus eremita) feces in turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., and chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in turkey. a total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and by pcr for c. psittaci. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). ...201323505699
development of a selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses.a new campylobacter-selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b was developed (charcoal-cefoperazone-polymyxin b-deoxycholate broth; ccpd broth). we compared the ability of ccpd broth to detect campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses to that of modified bolton (mbolton) broth. eighty whole chickens were purchased from retailers and rinsed with 400 ml buffered peptone water. the rinsed samples were enr ...201323474610
evaluation of fecal calprotectin in campylobacter concisus and campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis.calprotectin (cp) is a calcium-binding cytosolic neutrophil protein and the concentration in feces reflects the migration of neutrophils into the gut lumen. testing for fecal cp (f-cp) in patients with negative cultures for enteric pathogens is widely accepted as a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with the assumption that a negative f-cp is compatible with a functional disorder. campylobact ...201323448294
importance of the producer on retail broiler meat product contamination with campylobacter spp.campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry meat being considered the most important source of the infection. to obtain data on broiler meat contamination with campylobacter spp. in lithuania, the occurrence, counts and genotypes of these pathogens on raw broiler meat products from different producers were examined.201323400735
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from two early stages of poultry production.our aim was to monitor the resistance of campylobacter isolates from two initial stages of broiler production in 5 grandparent breeder broiler farms (gpbfs) and 12 parent breeder broiler farms (pbfs) in which no antimicrobials were used during the study. susceptibility tests were carried out for 805 strains (697 campylobacter jejuni and 108 campylobacter coli) against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloram ...201323391315
non-stochastic sampling error in quantal analyses for campylobacter species on poultry products.using primers and fluorescent probes specific for the most common food-borne campylobacter species (campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), we developed a multiplex, most probable number (mpn) assay using quantitative pcr (qpcr) as the determinant for binomial detection: i.e., number of p positive pathogen growth responses out of n = 6 observations each of 4 ml (v) per dilution. working with media washes of thrice frozen-thawed chicken pieces which had been spiked with known levels of c. j ...201323380949
prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. from broiler ceca and broiler skin samples in thailand.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks by testing cecal contents at slaughter and to detect and quantify campylobacter on broiler carcass skin samples of the corresponding slaughter batches, to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of the campylobacter isolates, and to genotype selected campylobacter jejuni isolates using multilocus sequence typing analysis. ninety-eight broiler flocks were included in the study. intact ceca were random ...201323300314
resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate in macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.campylobacter are the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and they are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones, those most frequently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. active efflux mechanisms are involved in resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, and are also essential for campylobacter colonization in the animal intestine, through mediation of bile resistance. acquisition of ...201323289436
effects of efflux-pump inducers and genetic variation of the multidrug transporter cmeb in biocide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.multidrug efflux pumps, such as cmeabc and cmedef, are involved in the resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials. the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of two putative efflux-pump inducers, bile salts and sodium deoxycholate, on the resistance of campylobacter to biocides (triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate, cetylpyridinium chloride and trisodium phosphate), sds and erythromycin. the involvement of the cmeabc and cmedef efflux pumps in th ...201323161768
sensitive and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. from the beginning of dna extraction to final detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the assay requires less than 50 and 90 min from a colony on selective media, and human feces, respectively. for chicken meat samples, the assay requires approximately 24-48 h from the beginning of the enrichment culture ...201323104296
comparison of adhesion, invasion, motility, and toxin production of campylobacter strains and their resistant mutants.the objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells, motility, and toxin production characteristics of campylobacter-susceptible strains and their fluoroquinolone- or macrolide-resistant mutants. susceptible strains and resistant mutants demonstrated similar adhesion capacities to epithelial cells. for campylobacter coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants with thr86ile or asp90asn substitutions showed a higher rate of invasion of caco-2 cells ...201323095083
campylobacter spp. recovered from the upper oconee river watershed, georgia in a 4-year study.waterways should be considered in the migration routes of campylobacter, and the genus has been isolated from several water sources. inferences on migration routes can be made from tracking genetic types in populations found in specific habitats and testing how they are linked to other types. water samples were taken over a 4-year period from waterways in the upper oconee river watershed, georgia, to recover isolates of thermophilic campylobacter. the isolates were typed by multilocus sequence t ...201322945232
occurrence of ε-proteobacterial species in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) reared in intensive and rural farms.in order to investigate the occurrence of campylobacter, helicobacter and arcobacter species in caecal contents of rabbits reared in intensive and rural farms, a total of 87 samples from animals belonging to 29 farms were analysed by both cultural and pcr analyses. pcr analysis directly from faecal samples detected 100% positive samples for campylobacter genus, 3.4% for helicobacter genus and none for arcobacter genus. 83 out of 87 animals (95.4%) and all the 29 farms were positive for campyloba ...201322944072
campylobacter spp. - prevalence on pig livers and antimicrobial susceptibility.the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on surfaces of slaughtered pig livers. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was performed to determine the sequence types (sts) of selected campylobacter coli isolates. additionally, c. coli and campylobacter jejuni isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the broth dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, nali ...201323040119
effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of bifidobacteria and campylobacter.this study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilic campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. a total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupi ...201323031645
detection and genotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays.campylobacter have emerged as the most common bacterial food-borne illness in the developed world. the ability to reduce campylobacter infections in humans is linked to the full comprehension of the principal key aspects of its infection cycle. a microbial diagnostic microarray detecting campylobacter housekeeping, structural, and virulence associated genes was designed and validated using genomic dna from reference and field strains of campylobacter jejuni and coli isolated from human, chicken, ...201322354794
clinical manifestations of campylobacter concisus infection in children.there is only sparse information about the clinical impact of campylobacter concisus infections in children.201323743545
comparison of polycarbonate and cellulose acetate membrane filters for isolation of campylobacter concisus from stool samples.one thousand seven hundred ninety-one diarrheic stool samples were cultivated for campylobacter spp. we found a high prevalence of campylobacter concisus with use of a polycarbonate filter (n = 114) compared to a cellulose acetate filter (n = 79) (p < .0001). the polycarbonate filter is superior to the commonly used cellulose acetate filter for detection of c. concisus.201323743174
the role of epsilonproteobacteria in children with gastroenteritis.a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method was used to examine 50 stool samples from children in belgium with gastroenteritis for an extensive range of epsilonproteobacteria species. during the 3-month study period, campylobacter concisus was the most common species. our observations suggest that c. concisus displays similar microbiologic and clinical features as campylobacter jejuni.201323624432
a culture-independent sequence-based metagenomics approach to the investigation of an outbreak of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli o104:h4.identification of the bacterium responsible for an outbreak can aid in disease management. however, traditional culture-based diagnosis can be difficult, particularly if no specific diagnostic test is available for an outbreak strain.201323571589
high incidence of campylobacter concisus in gastroenteritis in north jutland, denmark: a population-based study.the incidence of non-thermophilic campylobacter species was assessed in an unselected population-based study in a mixed urban and rural community in north jutland, denmark. in a 2-year study period, 11,314 faecal samples from 8302 patients with gastroenteritis were cultured with supplement of the filter method. we recovered a high incidence of campylobacter concisus (annual incidence 35/100,000 inhabitants), almost as high as the common campylobacter jejuni/coli. in contrast, there was a very lo ...201322512739
unique features of the motility and structures in the flagellate polar region of campylobacter jejuni and other species: an electron microscopic study.similarly to helicobacter pylori but unlike vibrio cholerae o1/o139, campylobacter jejuni is non-motile at 20°c but highly motile at ≥37°c. the bacterium c. jejuni has one of the highest swimming speeds reported (>100 μm/s), especially at 42°c. straight and spiral bacterial shapes share the same motility. c. jejuni has a unique structure in the flagellate polar region, which is characterized by a cup-like structure (beneath the inner membrane), a funnel shape (opening onto the polar surface) and ...201323252968
campylobacter infection has different outcomes in fast- and slow-growing broiler chickens.campylobacter spp. are frequently carried by poultry, but they are not believed to cause significant disease in these animals. modern poultry breeds have been selected to grow rapidly under intensive conditions, but recently, consumers have moved toward purchasing birds produced in higher welfare, free-range or organic systems. birds reared in these systems tend to be a slower growing breed and are fed a different diet. birds reared in such systems are stocked at a lower density compared with th ...201324689180
[ill after drinking untreated milk; 'die amelander krankheit'].in 2012 three patients consulted their general practitioner with symptoms of gastro-enteritis with bloody stools. this was caused by drinking untreated milk infected with campylobacter jejuni. another patient developed reactive arthritis. he too had drunk untreated milk that had probably been infected with yersinia enterocolitica. between 1958 and 1995 many german children living in the region of cologne developed gastro-enteritis after holidaying on ameland, one of the dutch islands. this condi ...201324345367
are bacteriophage defence and virulence two sides of the same coin in campylobacter jejuni?the continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. these defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. some systems appear to have evolved in a number of pathogenic bacteria towards a role in virulence and host immune evasion. recently, different bacterial cell envelope components from diverse bacterial species have been linked not only ...201324256240
design, synthesis, and biological testing of novel naphthoquinones as substrate-based inhibitors of the quinol/fumarate reductase from wolinella succinogenes.novel naphthoquinones were designed, synthesized, and tested as substrate-based inhibitors against the membrane-embedded protein quinol/fumarate reductase (qfr) from wolinella succinogenes, a target closely related to qfrs from the human pathogens helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni. for a better understanding of the hitherto structurally unexplored substrate binding pocket, a structure-activity relationship (sar) study was carried out. analogues of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone ...201324251984
campylobacter jejuni meningitis in a neonate: a rare case report.campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of gastroenteritis especially in childhood. however, extraintestinal manifestations of c. jejuni such as bacteremia, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and osteomyelitis are rare. meningitis in newborns caused by this organism is unusually rare. we report a case of neonatal meningitis in a 15-day old term boy caused by campylobacter jejuni.201324246522
axonal guillain-barré syndrome: concepts and controversies.acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) is a pure motor axonal subtype of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) that was identified in the late 1990s. in asia and central and south america, it is the major subtype of gbs, seen in 30-65% of patients. aman progresses more rapidly and has an earlier peak than demyelinating gbs; tendon reflexes are relatively preserved or even exaggerated, and autonomic dysfunction is rare. one of the main causes is molecular mimicry of human gangliosides by campylobacter jeju ...201324229616
[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against flhf protein of campylobacter jejuni].to develop a prokaryotic expression system for campylobacrer jejuni flhf protein and prepare monoclonal antibodies(mab) against this protein.201324321074
notes from the field: recurrent outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with a raw milk dairy—pennsylvania, april–may 2013. 201324308038
antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter: susceptibility testing methods and resistance trends.most campylobacter infections are self-limiting but antimicrobial treatment (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones) is necessary in severe or prolonged cases. susceptibility testing continues to play a critical role in guiding therapy and epidemiological monitoring of resistance. the methods of choice for campylobacter recommended by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) are agar dilution and broth microdilution, while a disk diffusion method was recently standardized by the europe ...201323827324
improvement of capture efficacy of immunomagnetic beads for campylobacter jejuni using reagents that alter its motility.previous studies using the immunomagnetic beads separation (ims) technique have shown high detection limits of live campylobacters but low detection limits of formalin-killed campylobacters. the present study investigated if the addition of various concentrations of reagents that alter the motility of live campylobacter jejuni could enhance the recovery of the organisms by ims. the addition of 5% glycerol, 0.001% formalin, 10% polyethylene glycol, or 0.001% agarose in a buffer slowed down the mo ...201323826961
bacterial mediated gastrointestinal inflammation.mouse models have proven to be a key approach in our understanding of the etiology and physiology underlying bacterial mediated gastrointestinal inflammation. generally, these models are based on the inoculation of genetically susceptible mice with either commensal or pathogenic bacteria to elicit an inflammatory response. here, we describe models of acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation using interleukin 10-deficient (il10 (-/-)) mice colonized with the pathogenic campylobacter jejuni ...201323824902
myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni.myocarditis is frequently associated with a multitude of different viral infections but much less commonly a bacterial source. we present the case of a 33-year-old male with campylobacter jejuni enteritis who subsequently developed myocarditis confirmed on cardiac mri.201323824028
[accuracy of etest method to study campylobacter spp. susceptibility to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline].in industrialized countries campylobacter jejuni is the enteropathogen most frequently isolated from the feces of patients with gastroenteritis. the etest accuracy to categorize campylobacter spp. susceptibility to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was evaluated.201323817649
[incidence and susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni in pediatric patients: involvement in bacteremia].invasive disease as a result campylobacter spp. is rarely reported. bloodstream infections have been reported in patients with immune deficiency or other serious underlying conditions. we conducted a prospective study to know the incidence of campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in pediatric patients and its susceptibility to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.201323817644
short communication: survey of animal-borne pathogens in the farm environment of 13 dairy operations.a survey was conducted on 13 dairies to determine the occurrence of 5 animal-borne pathogens (salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, campylobacter jejuni, mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, and cryptosporidium parvum) and their distributions across farm elements (feces, bedding, milk filters, stored manure, field soil, and stream water). presence of c. parvum was measured only in feces and stored manure. all but one farm were positive for at least one pathogen species, and 5 farm ...201323810596
a chemoenzymatic route to synthesize unnatural sugar nucleotides using a novel n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase from camphylobacter jejuni nctc 11168.a novel n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase was identified from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. an unprecedented degree of substrate promiscuity has been revealed by systematic studies on its substrate specificities towards sugar-1-p and ntp. the yields of the synthetic reaction of seven kinds of sugar nucleotides catalyzed by the enzyme were up to 60%. in addition, the yields of the other nine were around 20%. with this enzyme, three novel sugar nucleotide analogs were synthesize ...201323800684
distribution of nine virulence-associated genes in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolated from broiler feces in shiraz, southern iran.to investigate the prevalence of nine virulence and toxin genes of campylobacter, a total of 90 campylobacter strains including 48 c. jejuni and 42 c. coli were recovered from chicken feces by cultivation methods. the isolates were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of 16srrna and multiplex pcr for determining two species. for confirmed strains, pcr was carried out for the presence of virulence genes using specific primers. data were analyzed by spss software, v ...201323789768
gastrointestinal pathogens in rodents overwintering in human facilities around uppsala, sweden.rodents often live in close association with anthropogenic environments, offering rodent-associated pathogens numerous opportunities for transmission to humans. we screened for zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogens in rodents caught during autumn/winter in human dwellings in rural areas surrounding uppsala, sweden. we detected campylobacter jejuni, giardia sp., and cryptosporidium sp. in rodent intestines.201323778637
nitric oxide reactivities of the two globins of the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni: roles in protection from nitrosative stress and analysis of potential reductants.during infection and pathogenesis, campylobacter, the leading cause of gastroenteritis, encounters no and reactive nitrogen species (rns) derived from the host. to combat these species, campylobacter jejuni expresses two haemoglobins: the single domain haemoglobin (cgb) detoxifies no but the role of the truncated globin (ctb) is unclear. confirmation of cgb activity and more extensive exploration of ctb function(s) in vivo are restricted due to difficulties in expressing proteins in campylobacte ...201323764490
a dna microarray for the versatile diagnosis of infectious diarrhea.several bacteria, viruses, and parasites cause diarrhea as coinfecting pathogens. we designed a dna microarray comprising 60-bp probes spotted 194 times for the multiplex detection of 33 enteropathogenic bacteria and seven enteropathogenic viruses, and the archaeon methanobrevibacter smithii was used as an internal positive control. nine pathogen-free stool specimens were used as negative controls. one of these control specimens was further spiked with salmonella enterica as a positive control. ...201323758523
production and evaluation of chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies against campylobacter jejuni colonization-associated proteins.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important causes of foodborne gastroenteritis. chickens are considered a reservoir host of c. jejuni, and epidemiological studies have shown that contaminated chicken meat is a primary source of human infection. the objective of this study was to produce chicken egg-yolk-derived antibody (igy) against the five c. jejuni colonization-associated proteins or caps (cadf, flaa, momp, flpa, and cmec). recombinant c. jejuni caps were expressed in escherichia coli ...201323742296
"thermal inactivation of campylobacter jejuni in broth," a comment on: j. food prot. 75(6):1029-1035 (2012). 201323726185
bell's palsy presenting after a case of campylobacter enteritis.a case of unilateral facial paralysis following infection with campylobacter jejuni is presented.201323713220
campylobacter jejuni carbon starvation protein a (csta) is involved in peptide utilization, motility and agglutination, and has a role in stimulation of dendritic cells.campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of severe gastroenteritis in the developed world. the major symptom of campylobacteriosis is inflammatory diarrhoea. the molecular mechanisms of this infection are poorly understood compared to those of less frequent disease-causing pathogens. in a previous study, we identified c. jejuni proteins that antibodies in human campylobacteriosis patients reacted with. one of the immunogenic proteins identified (cj0917) displays homology to carbon starvat ...201323682166
burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the global enteric multicenter study, gems): a prospective, case-control study.diarrhoeal diseases cause illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income countries. we designed the global enteric multicenter study (gems) to identify the aetiology and population-based burden of paediatric diarrhoeal disease in sub-saharan africa and south asia.201323680352
role of motab in adherence and internalization in polarized caco-2 cells and in cecal colonization of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative motile bacterium commonly found in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. an intact and functional flagellum is important for c. jejuni virulence and colonization. to understand the role of c. jejuni motility in adherence and internalization in polarized caco-2 cells and in cecal colonization of chickens we constructed a c. jejuni nctc11168 v1 deltamotab mutant. the motab genes code ...201323678739
[molecular analysis of fluoroquinolones and macrolides resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, bovine and chicken meat].campylobacter sp.- one of the leading causes of bacterial food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide- is increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antimicrobials, which has become a major concern for public health.201323677151
severe guillain-barré syndrome in a patient receiving anti-tnf therapy. consequence or coincidence. a case-based review.the adverse effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) drugs include an increase in the risk of infections, congestive heart failure, lupus-like syndrome, and the onset or worsening of various demyelinating diseases such as, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and guillain-barrè syndrome (gbs), among others. we describe the case of a patient who developed gbs while she was on treatment with adalimumab. a 50-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) was admitted to the hospital due t ...201323666317
immunity to bacterial infection in the chicken.bacterial infections remain important to the poultry industry both in terms of animal and public health, the latter due to the importance of poultry as a source of foodborne bacterial zoonoses such as salmonella and campylobacter. as such, much focus of research to the immune response to bacterial infection has been to salmonella. in this review we will focus on how research on avian salmonellosis has developed our understanding of immunity to bacteria in the chicken from understanding the role ...201323648643
occurrence and population density of campylobacter jejuni in irrigation ponds on produce farms in the suwannee river watershed.campylobacter spp., especially campylobacter jejuni, are common causal agents of gastroenteritis globally. poultry, contaminated water, and fresh produce are considered to be the main sources for infection by this pathogen. in this study, occurrence and population density of c. jejuni from vegetable irrigation ponds in the suwannee river watershed were investigated and the relationship to environmental factors was analyzed. two water samples were collected from each of 10 ponds every month from ...201323647347
in vivo modulation of campylobacter jejuni virulence in response to environmental stress.campylobacters have developed a number of mechanisms for responding to environmental conditions, although the different virulence properties of these cells following exposure to stress are still poorly understood. we analyzed in vitro stress responses and the consequent in vivo modulation of campylobacter jejuni pathogenicity in balb/c mice, as a result of the exposure of the c. jejuni to environmental stress (starvation, oxidative stress, heat shock). in vitro, the influence of starvation and o ...201323638846
investigation of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin genes in campylobacter spp. isolated from sheep in turkey.the presence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes was investigated in isolates of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lanienae, and c. lari that originated from intestinal contents and gallbladders of clinically healthy sheep. these genes have important roles in the pathogenicity of campylobacters. a total of 363 campylobacter isolates (221 c. jejuni, 135 c. coli, five c. lanienae, and two c. lari) were used in this study. the frequency of racr, dnaj, ciab, plda, flaa, and cadf ...201323611104
systematic application of multiplex pcr enhances the detection of bacteria, parasites, and viruses in stool samples.to determine whether systematic testing of faecal samples with a broad range multiplex pcr increases the diagnostic yield in patients with diarrhoea compared with conventional methods and a clinician initiated testing strategy.201323603249
[role of fliy gene in pathogenicity-associated chemotaxis and colonization of campylobacter jejuni].to construct a knockout fliy gene mutant strain of campylobacter jejuni for determining the role of fliy protein in flagellar movement related to bacterial motility, chemotaxis and colonization.201323584999
campylobacter jejuni infections associated with unpasteurized milk--multiple states, 2012.in 2012, a multistate outbreak of campylobacter infections associated with unpasteurized milk resulted in 148 illnesses. a dairy with a pennsylvania department of agriculture unpasteurized milk permit and minimal deficiencies identified during inspection was the outbreak source, demonstrating the ongoing hazards of unpasteurized dairy products.201323575199
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcasses in the federal district, brazil.the aim of the present study was to perform microbiological isolation of campylobacter jejuni from chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the federal district of brazil and to subject the strains to an antibiogram. a total of 92 samples from chilled chicken carcasses were acquired, 18 of which (19.56%) tested positive for c. jejuni. a total of 16 strains were tested for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial drugs. all 16 strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 15 strains to nalidixic acid, strep ...201323575135
lateral transfer, vertical translocation, and survival of inoculated bacteria during moisture enhancement of pork.lateral transfer, vertical translocation, and survival of bacteria during moisture enhancement of pork were investigated under laboratory conditions. in the first experiment, a pork loin was surface inoculated with escherichia coli biotype i and moisture enhanced with brine to 10%. after the inoculated loin had been injected, four uninoculated loins were processed in the same manner, without cleaning or sanitizing the injector equipment. samples were collected from both the surface and the inter ...201323575120
effects of decontamination at varying contamination levels of campylobacter jejuni on broiler meat.when assessing effects of decontamination techniques on counts of campylobacter spp. on broiler meat, it is essential that the results reflect the variations that may exist. decontamination studies often use high inoculation levels (10(7) to 10(8) cfu) and one or few strains of campylobacter jejuni, thereby restricting the results to reflect only a limited part of the true situation. this study presents results from physical and chemical decontamination of broiler meat medallions using different ...201323571355
is allicin able to reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers when added to drinking water?reducing campylobacter shedding on the farm could result in a reduction of the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. in this study, we first investigated if allicin, allyl disulfide, and garlic oil extract were able to either prevent c. jejuni growth or kill c. jejuni in vitro. allyl disulfide and garlic oil extract reduced c. jejuni numbers in vitro below a detectable level at a concentration of 50 mg/kg (no lower concentrations were tested), whereas allicin reduced c. jejuni numbers below ...201323571353
inverse metabolic engineering to improve escherichia coli as an n-glycosylation host.an inverse metabolic engineering strategy was used to select for escherichia coli cells with an increased capability to n-glycosylate a specific target protein. we developed a screen for e. coli cells containing extra-chromosomal dna fragments for improved ability to add precise sugar groups onto the acra protein using the glycosylation system from campylobacter jejuni. four different sized (1, 2, 4, and 8 kb) genomic dna libraries were screened, and the sequences that conferred a yield advantag ...201323568537
unusual features in organisation of capsular polysaccharide-related genes of c. jejuni strain x.pcr probing of the genome of campylobacter jejuni strain x using conserved capsular polysaccharide (cps)-related genes allowed elucidation of a complete sequence of the respective gene cluster (cps). this is the largest known campylobacter cps cluster (38 kb excluding flanking kps regions), which includes a number of genes not detected in other campylobacter strains. sequence analysis suggests genetic rearrangements both within and outside the cps gene cluster, a mechanism which may be responsib ...201323562723
inactivation of the lysr regulator cj1000 of campylobacter jejuni affects host colonization and respiration.transcriptional regulation mediates adaptation of pathogens to environmental stimuli and is important for host colonization. the campylobacter jejuni genome sequence reveals a surprisingly small set of regulators, mostly of unknown function, suggesting an intricate regulatory network. interestingly, c. jejuni lacks the homologues of ubiquitous regulators involved in stress response found in many other gram-negative bacteria. nonetheless, cj1000 is predicted to encode the sole lysr-type regulator ...201323558264
production and evaluation of the utility of novel phage display-derived peptide ligands to salmonella spp. for magnetic separation.the objectives of this study were to produce salmonella-specific peptide ligands by phage display biopanning and evaluate their use for magnetic separation (ms).201323551658
roles of the superoxide dismutase sodb and the catalase kata in the antibiotic resistance of campylobacter jejuni. 201323549350
increased detection of invasive enteropathogenic bacteria in pre-incubated blood culture materials by real-time pcr in comparison with automated incubation in sub-saharan africa.invasive enteropathogenic bacteria can cause systemic infections. data from studies with pcr detection suggest, at least for salmonella enterica, that blood culture may lead to underestimation in the tropics. corresponding data are lacking for other invasive enteropathogenic bacteria. we compared classical blood culture and molecular methods for the diagnosis of blood infections.201323547567
increasing antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from paediatric diarrhea cases in a tertiary care hospital of new delhi, india.the resistance to the clinically important antimicrobial agents, particularly the fluoroquinolones and the macrolides, is increasing among the campylobacter isolates. only limited data is available regarding the changing antimicrobial resistance pattern in the indian scenario.201323543776
air samplings in a campylobacter jejuni positive laying hen flock.the air in laying hen houses contains high concentrations of airborne bacteria. the numbers of these bacteria can be influenced by the efficiency of the chosen sampling method. in the presented study, agi-30 impingers and the coriolis(®)µ air sampler were compared in terms of their efficiency in sampling aerobic mesophilic bacteria in a laying hen house. measurements were conducted in a laying hen flock with high prevalences of c. jejuni in order to investigate if culturable cells of this organi ...201323540207
role of capsular polysaccharides and lipooligosaccharides in campylobacter surface properties, autoagglutination, and attachment to abiotic surfaces.the role of capsular polysaccharides and lipooligosaccharides in cell surface hydrophobicity, surface charge, autoagglutination (aag), and attachment to abiotic surfaces of three strains of campylobacter jejuni and one strain of c. coli were investigated. this was achieved by removal of capsular polysaccharides and truncation of lipooligosaccharides core oligosaccharides by inactivation of the kpse and waaf genes, respectively. the mutants and the wild-type strains were compared after growth und ...201323536985
prevalence and risk assessment of campylobacter jejuni in chicken in china.to understand the occurrence and distribution of campylobacter jejuni in chicken in china, assess its health risk to the chinese population, and provide recommendations for effective risk control.201323534464
characterization of water and wildlife strains as a subgroup of campylobacter jejuni using dna microarrays.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, but source attribution of the organism is difficult. previously, dna microarrays were used to investigate isolate source, which suggested a non-livestock source of infection. in this study we analysed the genome content of 162 clinical, livestock and water and wildlife (ww) associated isolates combined with the previous study. isolates were grouped by genotypes into nine clusters (c1 to c9). multilocus sequen ...201323530835
characterization of clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates with special emphasis on lipooligosaccharide locus class, putative virulence factors and host response.recent studies have indicated a role of the lipooligosaccharide (los) of campylobacter jejuni in the severe neurological guillain barré syndrome, as well as in development of more severe symptoms of acute enteritis. we evaluated the role of the los locus class in c. jejuni infection among 163 enteritis patients. the prevalence of los locus classes differed according to the origin of the isolates. furthermore, los locus classes a and b were significantly associated with susceptibility or resistan ...201323528202
genetic heterogeneity of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 upon human infection.campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 variants before and after accidental human infection were sequenced with illumina technology and mapped against the isogenic reference genome applying the breseq pipeline. only the frequencies of length variations of homopolymeric tracts in the contingency genes cj0045c, cj0456c, cj1139c, cj1145c, and cj1306c and a deletion in cj0184c were significantly different after human passage (p<0.01). our results highlight differences in the selection of c. jejuni variants ...201323523819
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