Publications

loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting the omp25 gene for rapid detection of brucella spp.	a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was established to detect brucella species dna in milk and blood samples of animals and humans. this lamp assay based on the sequence of highly repetitive omp25 gene was able to detect 9fg/µl brucella spp. dna with high sensitivity, which was 10 times higher than the nested pcr. the lamp was evaluated for its specificity using 19 strains of six brucella species and 28 related non-brucella micro-organism strains as controls. the target 1 ...	2011	21232598
comparison of brain prpd distribution in ovine bse and scrapie.	scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) are both prion diseases affecting ruminants, and these diseases do not share the same public health concerns. surveillance of the bse agent in small ruminants has been a great challenge, and the recent identification of diverse prion diseases in ruminants has led to the development of new methods for strain typing. in our study, using immunohistochemistry (ihc), we assessed the distribution of prp(d) in the brains of 2 experimentally bse-infecte ...	2011	21245284
t cell-depleted unrelated donor stem cell transplantation provides favorable disease-free survival for adults with hematologic malignancies.	we report a prospective phase ii clinical trial in 35 adult patients (median age 40.5 years) with hematologic malignancies who received t cell-depleted, hematopoietic stem cell transplants from hla-compatible, unrelated donors. the cytoreductive regimen consisted of hyperfractionated total-body irradiation, thiotepa, and fludarabine. the preferred graft source was granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (pbsc). pbsc were cd34(+) selected, followed by s ...	2011	21232623
preclinical regulatory validation of an engineered diaphragmatic tendon made with amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.	under a food and drug administration directive, we examined definite long-term safety and efficacy aspects of an engineered diaphragmatic tendon graft as a regulatory prerequisite for clinical trials.	2011	21238640
serial amnioinfusions prevent fetal pulmonary hypoplasia in a large animal model of oligohydramnios.	severe neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia incurs mortality rates approaching 71% to 95%. we sought to determine the utility of serial amnioinfusions through a subcutaneously implanted intraamniotic catheter to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia in fetal obstructive uropathy.	2011	21238642
kisspeptin is essential for the full preovulatory lh surge and stimulates gnrh release from the isolated ovine median eminence.	kisspeptins are the product of the kiss1 gene and potently stimulate gnrh secretion. in sheep, kiss1 mrna-expressing cells are found in the arcuate nucleus (arc) and dorsal-lateral preoptic area and both appear to mediate the positive feedback effect of estradiol to generate the preovulatory gnrh/lh surge. to determine the role of kisspeptin in transmitting estrogen-positive feedback in the hypothalamus, we administered the kisspeptin antagonist p-271 to ewes subjected to an estradiol benzoate-i ...	2011	21239443
lps-induced decrease in intracellular labile zinc, [zn]i, contributes to apoptosis in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells.	a role in signal transduction for a vanishingly small labile pool of intracellular zinc ([zn](i)) has been inferred by the sensitivity of various physiological pathways to zinc chelators such as n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (tpen) and/or associations with changes in nonprotein-bound zinc-sensitive fluorophores. although we (44) reported that lps-induced apoptosis in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (spaec) was exacerbated by tpen, 1) we did not detect acute ...	2011	21239534
secreted gaussia luciferase as a sensitive reporter gene for in vivo and ex vivo studies of airway gene transfer.	the cationic lipid gl67a is one of the more efficient non-viral gene transfer agents (gtas) for the lungs, and is currently being evaluated in an extensive clinical trial programme for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. despite conferring significant expression of vector-specific mrna following transfection of differentiated human airway cells cultured on air liquid interfaces (ali) cultures and nebulisation into sheep lung in vivo we were unable to detect robust levels of the standard reporter gene ...	2011	21239054
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic e. coli strains from ruminants.	two hundred and twenty-six attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec) strains (20 enterohemorrhagic e. coli and 206 atypical enteropathogenic e. coli) isolated from calves, lambs, and goat kids with diarrhea and from healthy cattle, sheep, and goats were tested for their resistance to 10 antimicrobial agents by the disc diffusion method. resistant and intermediate strains were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of the major resistance genes. the overall percentage of resi ...	2011	21217034
allometric scaling of orbifloxacin disposition in nine mammal species: a retrospective analysis.	the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and body weight (w) for orbifloxacin using reported pharmacokinetic data. the parameters of interest: clearance (cl), volume of distribution at steady state (vss) and elimination half-life were correlated across nine mammal species, including cattle, dog, rat, rabbit, goat, camel, horse, cat and sheep as a function of w using the conventional allometric equation y = aw(b), where y is the pharmacokineti ...	2011	21233597
design and in vitro evaluation of new rpob-dgge primers for ruminants.	two new primer sets based on the rpob gene were designed and evaluated with bovine and ovine rumen samples. the newly developed rpob-dgge primer set was used along with the 16s rrna gene-v3, and another (old) rpob-dgge-based primer set from a previous study to in vitro compare the bovine and ovine rumen ecosystems. the results indicate a significant (p<0.001) difference in the microbial population between the two ruminants irrespective of the primers used in the analysis. qualitative comparison ...	2011	21223335
expression of mirnas in ovine fetal gonads: potential role in gonadal differentiation.	gonadal differentiation in the mammalian fetus involves a complex dose-dependent genetic network. initiation and progression of fetal ovarian and testicular pathways are accompanied by dynamic expression patterns of thousands of genes. we postulate these expression patterns are regulated by small non-coding rnas called micrornas (mirnas). the aim of this study was to identify the expression of mirnas in mammalian fetal gonads using sheep as a model.	2011	21223560
the effects of metabolizable energy intake on body fat depots of adult pelibuey ewes fed roughage diets under tropical conditions.	the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of metabolizable energy intake (mei) on changes in fat depots of adult pelibuey ewes fed roughage diets under tropical conditions. eighteen 3-year-old pelibuey ewes with similar body weight (bw) of 37.6 ± 4.0 kg and body condition score (bcs) of 2.5 ± 0.20 were randomly assigned to three groups of six ewes each in a completely randomized design. ewes were housed in metabolic crates and fed three levels of mei: low (l), medium (m), and high (h ...	2011	21240653
effects of road type during transport on lamb welfare and meat quality in dry hot climates.	this study determined whether transporting lambs on paved (pr) or unpaved roads (ur) for 3 h had an effect on plasma stress indicators (cortisol, lactate, glucose, creatine kinase [ck], red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, and neutrophil/lymphocyte [n/l] ratio) and instrumental meat quality (ph24, bruising score, water holding capacity [whc], color, and texture). a total of 48 rasa aragonesa male lambs were used that were approximately 100 days old (12.5 kg ± 1.64, carcass weight). th ...	2011	21240654
assessment of milk ring test and some serological tests in the detection of brucella melitensis in syrian female sheep.	brucella melitensis infection prevalence among syrian female sheep, to evaluate a number of serological tests and to discuss some epidemiological aspects of brucellosis, was studied. a total of 2,580 unvaccinated syrian female sheep sera samples were tested for b. melitensis antibodies detection using four serological methods: the rose bengal test (rbt), the serum agglutination test (sat), the complement fixation test (cft) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa). in addition, ...	2011	21234678
ali: acute lung injury, or arginine-vasopressin limits inflammation, or both?		2011	21248529
endogenous foxp3(+) t-regulatory cells suppress anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis.	foxp3(+) t-regulatory cells (tregs) may suppress pathogenic inflammation; however, although transferred tregs lessen glomerulonephritis in mice, the role of endogenous foxp3(+) cells is not known. to study this, we characterized endogenous foxp3(+) cells in accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane (gbm) nephritis by using foxp3(gfp) reporter mice to track their responses in early and established disease. further, diphtheria toxin was used to ablate foxp3(+) tregs in foxp3(dtr) mice after es ...	2011	21248715
assessment of the short-term systemic effect of and acute phase response to mulesing and other options for controlling breech flystrike in merino lambs.	mulesing is an important method of preventing flystrike of merino sheep in australia, but because there are important short-term welfare issues associated with mulesing, alternative methods of removing the skin folds for breech flystrike prevention are being investigated.	2011	21250952
wound healing after mulesing and other options for controlling breech flystrike in merino lambs: observations on gross and microscopic wound healing.	the mulesing procedure is the main procedure used to control breech flystrike of sheep in australia, but other permanent methods of altering breech conformation are currently being investigated and wound healing is an important component of that comparative assessment.	2011	21250953
effect of unvaccinated merino wether lambs on shedding of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in flocks vaccinating for ovine johne's disease.	to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (mptb) shedding by unvaccinated wethers compared with vaccinated ewes.	2011	21250954
[ca2+]i signaling vs. enos expression as determinants of no output in uterine artery endothelium: relative roles in pregnancy adaptation and reversal by vegf165.	pregnancy is a time of greatly increased uterine blood flow to meet the needs of the growing fetus. increased uterine blood flow is also observed in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. simultaneous fura-2 and 4,5-diaminofluoresceine (daf-2) imaging reveals that cells of the uterine artery endothelium (ua endo) from follicular phase ewes produce marginally more nitric oxide (no) in response to atp than those from luteal phase. however, this is paralleled by changes in no in response to ion ...	2011	21239633
hif and the lung: role of hypoxia-inducible factors in pulmonary development and disease.		2011	21242594
citation for a discussion of noncompliance. don't hide it.		2011	21252972
citation for a discussion of noncompliance.		2011	21252973
erythropoietin protects the developing retina in an ovine model of endotoxin-induced retinal injury.	intrauterine infection is a common antecedent of preterm birth. infants born very preterm are at increased risk for neurologic dysfunction, including visual deficits. with increasing survival of very preterm infants, there is a need for therapies that prevent adverse neurologic outcomes. using an ovine model, the authors investigated the neuroprotective potential of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhepo) on retinal injury induced by intrauterine inflammation.	2011	21245409
the use of pathological and histopathological techniques in the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants in india.	the authors report on an outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) among sheep and goats in the province of gujarat, india. clinical signs observed during outbreaks were typical of ppr. predominant signs were severe diarrhoea, dyspnoea, mucopurulent discharge from the eyes and nose, erosive rhinitis, necrotic ulcers in the mouth, on the dental pad, tongue, upper and lower lips, fever and depression. common post-mortem findings included congestion, red hepatisation, raised patches of emphysema ...	2011	21240850
influence of different polymeric gels on the ectopic bone forming ability of an osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic.	to evaluate moldable osteoinductive putties for bone repair we combined microstructured biphasic calcium phosphate (bcp) particles with five different polymeric gels, carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), pluronic(®) f-127 (plu), polyvinyl alcohol (pva), chitosan (chi) and alginate (alg). in vitro gel dissolution showed that cmc, plu and alg gels dissolved rapidly (within hours), while the chi gel took several days and the pva gel did not dissolve within 2 weeks. implanting the putty formulations into ...	2011	21241835
scalable rules for coherent group motion in a gregarious vertebrate.	individuals of gregarious species that initiate collective movement require mechanisms of cohesion in order to maintain advantages of group living. one fundamental question in the study of collective movement is what individual rules are employed when making movement decisions. previous studies have revealed that group movements often depend on social interactions among individual members and specifically that collective decisions to move often follow a quorum-like response. however, these studi ...	2011	21245930
a combined approach for comparative exoproteome analysis of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.	bacterial exported proteins represent key components of the host-pathogen interplay. hence, we sought to implement a combined approach for characterizing the entire exoproteome of the pathogenic bacterium corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis (cla) in sheep and goats.	2011	21241507
eighteen-month outcome of pulmonary valve stent implantation by direct right ventricle puncture: an animal study.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of pulmonary valve implantation via direct right ventricle puncture.	2011	21241862
veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with interatrial shunting: a novel approach to lung transplantation for patients in right ventricular failure.	this study evaluated the effectiveness of an atrial septostomy with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in alleviating high afterload right ventricular dysfunction while providing respiratory support. this technique could be applied as a bridge to lung transplantation.	2011	21241864
comparison of prostaglandin- and progesterone-based protocols for timed artificial insemination in sheep.	the objective was to compare the reproductive performance of a new pgf(2α)-based timed artificial insemination (tai) protocol in sheep (synchrovine®: two doses of pgf(2α), 7 d apart) to a traditional progesterone-ecg (p4-ecg) protocol, considering the effects of seminal state, ai-times, and ai-pathway. three experiments involving 1297 multiparous australian merino ewes were done during the physiologic breeding season (location 32 °s-57 °w). reproductive performance was assessed as non-return rat ...	2011	21247622
comparative performance of three tse rapid tests for surveillance in healthy sheep affected by scrapie.	rapid tests specific for sheep and goats became part of european union-wide active scrapie surveillance in 2006. performance of three approved tse rapid tests for the detection of sheep infected with scrapie in field cases in the pre-clinical stage of the disease was compared. the medulla oblongata of 969 asymptomatic sheep of various genotype and breed aged over 18 months from 23 italian flocks affected with scrapie, were tested by the bio-rad tesee sheep/goat (a), the idexx herdchek bse-scrapi ...	2011	21256871
impaired β-adrenergic responsiveness accentuates dysfunctional excitation-contraction coupling in an ovine model of tachypacing-induced heart failure.	reduced inotropic responsiveness is characteristic of heart failure (hf). this study determined the cellular ca2+ homeostatic and molecular mechanisms causing the blunted β-adrenergic (β-ar) response in hf.we induced hf by tachypacing in sheep; intracellular ca2+ concentration was measured in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes. in hf, ca2+ transient amplitude and peak l-type ca2+ current (ica-l) were reduced (to 70 ± 11% and 50 ± 3.7% of control, respectively, p <0.05) whereas sarcoplasmic ret ...	2011	21242250
direct coupling through gap junctions is not involved in urethral neurotransmission.	interstitial cells of cajal (icc) are believed to participate in urethral neurotransmission and it was proposed that direct coupling of icc and smooth muscle cells (smc) through gap junctions (gj) is involved, although this still remains unclear. hence, we investigated the distribution of different connexins (cx 43, cx40, and cx37) in the sheep and rat urethra, as well as their possible role in neurotransmission. conventional pcr confirmed that three cxs are expressed in the urethra. moreover, b ...	2011	21248015
increase in the prevalence of johne's disease in sheep in scotland.	increased prevalence of johne's disease in sheep; abomasal damage in young cattle due to ostertagiosis; parasitic gastroenteritis in young sheep due to nematodirus, teladorsagia and chabertia species; streptococcus suis serotype 2 associated with a range of clinical signs in pigs; respiratory cryptosporidiosis confirmed in wild red grouse. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for october 2010 from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs).	2011	21257530
diagnostic performance of pcr and elisa on blood and milk samples and serological survey for small ruminant lentiviruses in central spain.	the diagnostic performance of an elisa for the detection of antibodies to the small ruminant lentiviruses (srlvs) maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in milk and corresponding blood samples was evaluated in 50 sheep. the agreement between elisa results in blood and milk was 90 per cent, and the ? value was 0.79. in addition, a serological survey in the central zone of spain was performed using milk samples from 413 animals (250 sheep and 163 goats) from 12 flocks/herds. al ...	2011	21257533
evaluation of the toxicity of adonis aestivalis in sheep.	to determine the toxicity of adonis aestivalis (adonis) in sheep, adult suffolk ewes were administered 1 per cent bodyweight adonis via surgically placed rumen cannulas in an acute, high-dose toxicity study, and 0.2 per cent bodyweight daily in a two-week, low-dose toxicity study. the ewes received cardiac examinations before dosing, 24 and 48 hours after dosing with 1 per cent bodyweight adonis, and after continuous low-dose administration. all the ewes administered adonis had transient sinus a ...	2011	21257561
sheep welfare and provision of cpd.		2011	21257566
welfare during transport: efsa assesses the scientific evidence.		2011	21257570
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis outbreaks in dairy cows.	outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in dairy cattle. louping ill in cattle and sheep. vitamin a, d and e deficiency in fattening cattle. dosing gun injuries in sheep. large outbreak of lameness in sheep caused by a strawberry footrot-like condition. these are among matters discussed in the veterinary laboratories agency's (vla's) disease surveillance report for november 2010.	2011	21257583
bovine neonatal pancytopenia, and anaemia in lambs caused by feeding cow colostrum.		2011	21257592
sheep abortion testing service.		2011	21257594
measuring antibody levels in bulk-tank milk as an epidemiological tool to search for the status of coxiella burnetii in dairy sheep.	summarypooling samples may provide a valuable alternative to individual testing for pathogen surveillance purposes. we studied the reliability of measuring the level of antibodies against coxiella burnetii in bulk-tank milk (btm) to estimate the seroprevalence of c. burnetii in dairy sheep in 34 flocks. we then estimated the seroprevalence of c. burnetii in 154 dairy sheep flocks according to the level of antibodies in btm. we tested for the accuracy of our estimation at the population level by ...	2011	21251348
effects of different annuloplasty ring types on mitral leaflet tenting area during acute myocardial ischemia.	the study objective was to quantify the effects of different annuloplasty rings on mitral leaflet septal-lateral tenting areas during acute myocardial ischemia.	2011	21241857
prion propagation in cells expressing prp glycosylation mutants.	infection by prions involves conversion of a host-encoded cell surface protein (prp(c)) to a disease-related isoform (prp(sc)). prp(c) carries two glycosylation sites variably occupied by complex n-glycans, which have been suggested by previous studies to influence the susceptibility to these diseases and to determine characteristics of prion strains. we used the rov cell system, which is susceptible to sheep prions, to generate a series of prp(c) glycosylation mutants with mutations at one or b ...	2011	21248032
experimental models of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, including dense deposit disease.	membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mpgn) is characterised by mesangial expansion and hypercellularity and capillary wall thickening with capillary wall and mesangial deposits of immunoglobulin and/or complement. two main forms are described in humans: mpgn type i with subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy, and mpgn type ii, or dense deposit disease, with electron dense transformation of the glomerular capillary wall. spontaneous mpgn type i has been d ...	2011	21252520
steroids - plenty of benefits, but not without risk.		2011	21252777
evaluation and application of a molecular method to assess the composition of strongylid nematode populations in sheep with naturally acquired infections.	we evaluated the performance of a pcr method for the diagnosis of naturally acquired strongylid nematode infections in sheep (n = 470; in a temperate climatic zone of south-eastern australia), using a panel of 100 'negative control' samples from sheep known not to harbour parasitic helminths. we compared the diagnostic sensitivity (98%) and specificity (100%) of this assay against a conventional faecal flotation method and also established a system to rank the contribution of particular strongyl ...	2011	21256979
citation for a discussion of noncompliance. reasonable and right.		2011	21252976
reprogramming of sheep fibroblasts into pluripotency under a drug-inducible expression of mouse-derived defined factors.	animal embryonic stem cells (escs) provide powerful tool for studies of early embryonic development, gene targeting, cloning, and regenerative medicine. however, the majority of attempts to establish esc lines from large animals, especially ungulate mammals have failed. recently, another type of pluripotent stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs), have been successfully generated from mouse, human, monkey, rat and pig. in this study we show sheep fibroblasts can be reprogramm ...	2011	21253598
ruminant brucellosis in the kafr el sheikh governorate of the nile delta, egypt: prevalence of a neglected zoonosis.	background: brucellosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis allegedly reemerging in middle eastern countries. infected ruminants are the primary source of human infection; consequently, estimates of the frequency of ruminant brucellosis are useful elements for building effective control strategies. unfortunately, these estimates are lacking in most middle east countries including egypt. our objectives are to estimate the frequency of ruminant brucellosis and to describe its spatial distribution in ...	2011	21264355
development and validation of a liquid chromatography and ion spray tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of artesunate, artemether and their major metabolites dihydroartemisinin and dihydroartemisinin-glucuronide in sheep plasma.	recently, promising fasciocidal activities of artesunate and artemether were described in rats and sheep. therefore, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) method was developed to quantify artesunate, artemether and their metabolites dihydroartemisinin and dihydroartemisinin-glucuronide in sheep plasma. protein precipitation with methanol was used for sample workup. reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was performed using an atlantis c18 analytical co ...	2011	21259399
simultaneous extraction and clean-up of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls from sheep liver tissue by selective pressurized liquid extraction and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	we describe a selective pressurized liquid extraction (sple) method, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), for the simultaneous extraction and clean-up of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in sheep liver tissue samples. the on-line clean-up of liver tissue by sple was tested using differing amount of acid-modified silica (sulphuric acid:silica gel, 1:2, w/w), the most effective amount being 20 g. different extraction solvents (iso-hex ...	2011	21256501
methanogen community structure in the rumens of farmed sheep, cattle and red deer fed different diets.	development of inhibitors and vaccines that mitigate rumen-derived methane by targeting methanogens relies on knowledge of the methanogens present. we investigated the composition of archaeal communities in the rumens of farmed sheep (ovis aries), cattle (bos taurus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to generate fingerprints of archaeal 16s rrna genes. the total archaeal communities were relatively constant across species and diets, and were less ...	2011	21255054
structure and performance of awassi and assaf dairy sheep farms in northwestern spain.	data of 69 dairy sheep farms (70% assaf and 30% awassi crossbred), located in the spanish autonomous community of castilla y león and grouped for receiving technical advice, were used to study their structure and performance. farm surface was 55.4ha, on average. approximately 25% of the farms did not have cultivation land, and the other 75% had, on average, 73ha (from which 67% were devoted to forage). farms used 2.1 annual work units (familiar, 90%), 493 ewes, and yielded 147,000 l/yr of milk. ...	2011	21257045
spatial-temporal mapping of bone structural and elastic properties in a sheep model following osteotomy.	the course of bone healing in animal models is conventionally monitored by morphologic approaches, which do not allow the determination of the material properties of the tissues involved. mechanical characterization techniques are either dedicated to the macroscopic evaluation of the entire organ or to the microscopic evaluation of the tissue matrix. the latter provides insight to regionally specific alterations at the tissue level in the course of healing. in this study, quantitative scanning a ...	2011	21256668
feeding sunflower oil to partially defaunate the rumen increases nitrogen retention, urea-nitrogen recycling to the gastrointestinal tract and the anabolic use of recycled urea-nitrogen in growing lambs.	the objective of the present study was to delineate how interactions between feeding sunflower oil (sfo) to partially defaunate the rumen and altering dietary ruminally fermentable carbohydrate may alter urea-n kinetics and n metabolism in lambs. in a 4 × 4 latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, four suffolk ram lambs (61·5 (se 4·0) kg) were used. treatments were 0 ( - sfo) v. 6 % (+sfo) sfo and dry-rolled barley (drb) v. pelleted barley (pb). n balance was measured over ...	2011	21255471
emergence of multiple prion strains from single isolates of ovine scrapie.	the infectious agent associated with prion diseases such as ovine scrapie shows strain diversity. ovine prion strains have typically been identified by their transmission properties in wild-type mice. however, strain typing of ovine scrapie isolates in wild-type mice may not reveal properties of the infectious prion agent as they exist in the original host. this could be circumvented if ovine scrapie isolates are passaged in ovine prion protein (prp)-transgenic mice. this study used incubation t ...	2011	21270287
symmetrical-waveform high-frequency oscillation increases artificial mucus flow without changing basal mucus transport in in vitro ovine trachea.	the efficacy of symmetrical-waveform high-frequency oscillating (hfo) air flow for airway secretion clearance is controversial and debated in the literature.	2011	21255499
fetal responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis alter immune and airway responses in 7-week-old sheep.	we hypothesized that fetal innate immune responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis would alter postnatal systemic immune and airway responsiveness.	2011	21257142
citation for a discussion of noncompliance. a word from olaw and usda.		2011	21252974
local administration of autologous synovium-derived cells improve the structural properties of anterior cruciate ligament autograft reconstruction in sheep.	the structural properties of a tendon autograft deteriorate during the remodeling phase after anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction.	2011	21257842
citation for a discussion of noncompliance. retraining required.		2011	21252975
effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary ph, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance, and manure ph in open feedlot pens.	six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) in concentrate diets on urinary ph, feedlot performance, and n mass balance. in exp. 1, 15 wether lambs (33.5 ± 3.0 kg) in five 3 × 3 latin squares were fed a basal diet of 82.5% dry-rolled corn (drc), 7.5% alfalfa hay, 5% molasses, and 5% supplement with different proportions of anionic and cationic salts. the dcad was -45, -24, -16, -8, 0, +8, +16, +24, +32, and +40 meq per 100 g of dm with the control basal diet ...	2011	21262979
preclinical evaluation of epinephrine nebulization to reduce airway hyperemia and improve oxygenation after smoke inhalation injury.	acute lung injury secondary to smoke inhalation is a major source of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. we tested the hypothesis that nebulized epinephrine would ameliorate pulmonary dysfunction secondary to acute lung injury by reducing airway hyperemia and edema formation and mediating bronchodilatation in an established, large animal model of inhalation injury.	2011	21263320
beneficial effects of concomitant neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition in ovine burn and inhalation injury.	different isoforms of nitric oxide (no) synthase are critically involved in the development of pulmonary failure secondary to acute lung injury. here we tested the hypothesis that simultaneous blockade of inducible and neuronal no synthase effectively prevents the pulmonary lesions in an ovine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by combined burn and smoke inhalation injury. chronically instrumented sheep were allocated to a sham-injured group (n = 6), an injured and untreated gr ...	2011	21263377
the virs/virr two-component system regulates the anaerobic cytotoxicity, intestinal pathogenicity, and enterotoxemic lethality of clostridium perfringens type c isolate cn3685.	clostridium perfringens vegetative cells cause both histotoxic infections (e.g., gas gangrene) and diseases originating in the intestines (e.g., hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis or lethal enterotoxemia). despite their medical and veterinary importance, the molecular pathogenicity of c. perfringens vegetative cells causing diseases of intestinal origin remains poorly understood. however, c. perfringens beta toxin (cpb) was recently shown to be important when vegetative cells of c. perfringens ty ...	2011	21264065
genetic variation and relationship of six indian sheep breeds adapted to the northwestern arid zone of rajasthan.	this study illustrates the genetic diversity and relationships within and among six indian sheep breeds of the northwestern arid region of rajasthan, based on microsatellite markers. the range of allele diversity was 7.72-9.56, and gene diversity was 0.686-0.766, revealing that these breeds possessed substantial amounts of genetic diversity. positive f (is) values suggested a deficit of heterozygotes in all six breeds. despite the declining status of the marwari, chokla, jaisalmeri, magra and pu ...	2011	21264504
insulin-induced electrochemical changes in pleura are associated with the location within the pleural cavity.	we investigated the effects of insulin on the electrophysiology of sheep pleural specimens obtained from the upper and lower parts of the pleural cavity and the insulin receptor abundance in these regions.	2011	21264803
uv and ms identification of urolithins and nasutins, the bioavailable metabolites of ellagitannins and ellagic acid in different mammals.	urolithins are microbial metabolites produced from ellagic acid after the intake of dietary ellagitannins by different animals. urolithin metabolites have distinct uv spectra that enable their detection and differentiation by hplc coupled with uv photodiode array detectors. correlations between structural characteristics, including conjugation, with the uv spectra and retention times are established. the production of urolithin derivatives in different animals feeding on ellagitannins, including ...	2011	21265540
a suitable model for the utilization of duddingtonia flagrans fungus in small-flock-size sheep farms.	effective alternatives to anthelmintic treatment of nematode parasite infections of sheep are required because of the high prevalence of drug resistance. within this context, the nematode-trapping fungus duddingtonia flagrans has become a valuable component of various integrated control strategies. toward this objective, a small quantity of lyophilized d. flagrans chlamydospores (10(6) spores per animal) was administered to sheep in a one-year plot study. animals grazing on native pasture were d ...	2011	21272579
human complement receptor type 2 (cr2/cd21) transgenic mice provide an in vivo model to study immunoregulatory effects of receptor antagonists.	we found that transgenic (tg) mice stably expressing a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-derived human complement receptor type 2 (cr2/cd21) gene demonstrate b cell specific hcr2 protein expression, normal b cell development and no changes in b cell subpopulations. to determine whether this bac-encoded human cr2 (hcr2) can replace mouse cr2/cr1 in cr2(-/-) mice and restore humoral immune responses to model foreign antigens (ags), we generated hcr2(+/-)cr2(-/-) tg mice and immunized them with ...	2011	21269698
protostrongylid infection in meat sheep from northwestern spain: prevalence and risk factors.	2093 faecal samples from 74 commercial meat ovine flocks were collected and examined by the baermann-wetzel method for protostrongylid infection. the risk of being infected by lungworms was evaluated with a data mining classification tree (chaid), and the intensity of infection with a general linear model (glm). 242 out of 2093 faecal samples examined were positive for protostrongylid infection (11.6%; 95% ci 10.2-12.9). only two species were found, muellerius capillaris (97.9%) and neostrongylu ...	2011	21269772
a study of the comparative anatomy of the brain of domestic ruminants using magnetic resonance imaging.	although magnetic resonance imaging has been used to examine the brain of domestic ruminants, detailed information relating the precise anatomical features in these species is lacking. in this study the brain structures of calves (bos taurus domesticus), sheep (ovis aries), goats (capra hircus) and a mesaticephalic dog (canis lupis familiaris) were examined using t2-weighed turbo spin echo sequences; three-dimensional models based on high-resolution gradient echo scans were used to identify brai ...	2011	21277239
winter-feeding systems for gestating sheep i. effects on pre- and postpartum ewe performance and lamb progeny preweaning performance.	mature pregnant crossbred ewes (n = 90) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 3 winter-feeding systems differing in primary feed source: haylage (hl), limit-fed corn (cn), or limit-fed dried distillers grains (ddgs). effects of these winter-feeding strategies on ewe and lamb performance were determined. diets were formulated to meet or exceed nrc (1985) nutrient requirements during gestation and were fed from about d 60 of gestation until parturition. all ewes were ...	2011	21262977
jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infects multiple cell types in the ovine lung.	ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa) is a transmissible lung cancer of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv). the details of early events in the pathogenesis of opa are not fully understood. for example, the identity of the jsrv target cell in the lung has not yet been determined. mature opa tumors express surfactant protein-c (sp-c) or clara cell-specific protein (ccsp), which are specific markers of type ii pneumocytes or clara cells, respectively. however, it is unclear whether t ...	2011	21270155
tcdd adsorbed on silica as a model for tcdd contaminated soils: evidence for suppression of humoral immunity in mice.	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd), the prototypical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) ligand, exhibits immune suppression in vivo and in vitro. suppression of primary humoral immune responses in particular has been well characterized as one of the most sensitive functional immune endpoints in animals treated with tcdd. previous studies have used purified tcdd to elucidate the mechanisms by which tcdd and dioxin-like compounds (dlc) impair igm production by b cells, but did not represent t ...	2011	21272611
immune evasion of moraxella catarrhalis involves ubiquitous surface protein a-dependent c3d binding.	the complement system plays an important role in eliminating invading pathogens. activation of complement results in c3b deposition (opsonization), phagocytosis, anaphylatoxin (c3a, c5a) release, and consequently cell lysis. moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen commonly found in children with otitis media and in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the species has evolved multiple complement evasion strategies, which among others involves the ubiquitous surface pro ...	2011	21270401
prostaglandins regulate conceptus elongation and mediate effects of interferon tau on the ovine uterine endometrium.	in ruminants, both the endometrium and the conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) trophectoderm synthesizes and secretes prostaglandins (pg) during early pregnancy. in mice and humans, pgs regulate endometrial function and conceptus implantation. in study one, bred ewes received intrauterine infusions of vehicle as a control (cx) or meloxicam (mel), a pg synthase (ptgs) inhibitor from days 8-14 postmating, and the uterine lumen was flushed on day 14 to recover conceptuses and ...	2011	21270428
decreased oocyte dazl expression in mice results in increased litter size by modulating follicle-stimulating hormone-induced follicular growth.	while the germ cell-specific rna binding protein, dazl, is essential for oocytes to survive meiotic arrest, dazl heterozygous (het) mice have an increased ovulation rate that is associated with elevated inhibin b and decreased plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh). the relationship between decreased oocyte dazl expression and enhanced follicular development in het mice was investigated using in vitro follicle cultures and in vivo modulation of endogenous fsh, by treating mice with inhibin an ...	2011	21270429
disease-associated n-terminal complement factor h mutations perturb cofactor and decay-accelerating activities.	many mutations associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (ahus) lie within complement control protein modules 19-20 at the c terminus of the complement regulator factor h (fh). this region mediates preferential action of fh on self, as opposed to foreign, membranes and surfaces. hence, speculation on disease mechanisms has focused on deficiencies in regulation of complement activation on glomerular capillary beds. here, we investigate the consequences of ahus-linked mutations (r53h and ...	2011	21270465
evaluation of bioabsorbable multi-amino acid copolymer/ a- tri-calcium phosphate interbody fusion cages in a goat model.	study design. a study of cervical interbody fusion using polyamino acid-based bioabsorbable fusion cages in a goat model.objective. to compare interbody fusion of a bioabsorbable multi-amino acid copolymer/ a- tri-calcium phosphate (maacp/a-tcp) fusion cage with an autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft and a titanium cage.summary of background data. polyamino acid is widely used as a carrier for drug delivery. to our knowledge, no study investigates interbody fusion cage made of polyamin ...	2011	21270683
can we repair the mitral valve from outside the heart? a novel extra-cardiac approach to functional mitral regurgitation.	functional mitral regurgitation (fmr) is primarily due to abnormalities of the ventricular muscle in the presence of normal mitral leaflets. present surgical treatment options address the mitral valve annulus and leaflets but not the ventricular muscle. we discuss the evolution of a concept that describes a ventricular solution to this problem, and report preliminary clinical results from the first five subjects implanted with the latest version of this device.	2011	21273121
cardiopulmonary haemodynamics in lambs during induced capillary leakage immediately after preterm birth.	1. early postnatal events might play a critical role in the development of cardiorespiratory diseases of prematurity. although the exact mechanism is unknown, capillary leakage resulting in increased interstitial fluid volume has been postulated to play a critical role. we investigated the effects of capillary leakage, induced by a volume load, on cardiopulmonary and systemic haemodynamics immediately after preterm delivery. 2. fetal sheep were instrumented at 129 days gestation, delivered and v ...	2011	21281333
net change in periosteal strain during stance shift loading after surgery correlates to rapid de novo bone generation in critically sized defects.	in an ovine femur model, proliferative woven bone fills critically sized defects enveloped by periosteum within 2 weeks of treatment with the one-stage bone-transport surgery. we hypothesize that mechanical loading modulates this process. using high-definition optical strain measurements we determined prevailing periosteal strains for normal and surgically treated ovine femora subjected ex vivo to compressive loads simulating in vivo stance shifting (n = 3 per group, normal vs. treated). we dete ...	2011	21271290
irreversible damage in ovine ovarian tissue after cryopreservation in propanediol: analyses after in vitro culture and xenotransplantation.	current progress in cancer treatment has increased the incidence of long-term patient survival. ovarian tissue cryopreservation (ot) is still the most promising fertility saving method offered to young female patients with cancer prior to the onset of radio-chemotherapy. further follicular development of immature primordial follicles depends on transplantation or in vitro culture (ivc). aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of cryopreserved ovine ot with 1,2-propanediol (proh) af ...	2011	21272097
kisspeptin activates the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-gonadal axis in prepubertal ewe lambs.	the onset of puberty in mammals involves an increase in the pulsatile release of gnrh and lh. the kiss1 gene is essential for pubertal development, and its product, kisspeptin, stimulates the release of lh. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of kisspeptin in the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-gonadal axis of prepubertal ewe lambs. ewe lambs (28 weeks of age) were treated intravenously with saline (control, n=6) or kisspeptin (20 µg kisspeptin; n=6) every hour for 24 h. kissp ...	2011	21273366
immune-mediated pathology of nematode infection in sheep--is immunity beneficial to the animal?	nematode parasitism is a severe impediment to sustainable and profitable sheep production in many countries in the world. parasite resistance to anthelmintic treatment and consumer demand for organic agricultural products has led to much research into harnessing natural immunity as a long-term control measure. however, there is evidence that many of the clinical signs of nematode infection in sheep are due to immune-mediated pathology rather than direct effects of the parasite. therefore, the de ...	2011	21272412
polymorphism of the ovine foxp3 gene (foxp3).	foxp3 is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in cd4(+) cd25(+) thymocytes and cd4(+) cd25(+) peripheral t cells. it has been reported that variation in the foxp3 gene (foxp3) could cause impaired immune regulation. using pcr-sscp, variation in exon 4, exon 9-10 and exon 13-14 of ovine foxp3, covering three functional domains (a proline rich domain, a leucine zipper-like motif and the forkhead domain, respectively) was investigated. four sscp banding patterns were observed for the exon ...	2011	21272943
placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: cell proliferation, global methylation, and angiogenesis in the fetal placenta.	to characterize early fetal placental development, gravid uterine tissues were collected from pregnant ewes every other day from day 16 to 30 after mating. determination of 1) cell proliferation was based on ki67 protein immunodetection; 2) global methylation was based on 5-methyl-cytosine (5mc) expression and mrna expression for dna methyltransferases (dnmts) 1, 3a, and 3b; and 3) vascular development was based on smooth muscle cell actin immunolocalization and on mrna expression of several fac ...	2011	21273368
extended cytogenetic maps of sheep chromosome 1 and their cattle and river buffalo homoeologues: comparison with the oar1 rh map and human chromosomes 2, 3, 21 and 1q.	cytogenetic maps are useful tools for several applications, such as the physical anchoring of linkage and rh maps or genome sequence contigs to specific chromosome regions or the analysis of chromosome rearrangements. recently, a detailed rh map was reported in oar1. in the present study, we selected 38 markers equally distributed in this rh map for identification of ovine genomic dna clones within the ovine bac library chori-243 using the virtual sheep genome browser and performed fish mapping ...	2011	21282943
sublingual microcirculatory effects of enalaprilat in an ovine model of septic shock.	severe sepsis is frequently associated with microcirculatory abnormalities despite seemingly adequate hemodynamic resuscitation. as increased serum angiotensin ii levels may play a role in this dysfunction, we evaluated the microcirculatory effects of enalaprilat in an experimental model of septic shock. one hour after injection of 1.5 g/kg body weight of feces into the abdominal cavity, 16 adult female anesthetized, mechanically ventilated sheep were randomized to receive 2.5 mg enalaprilat or ...	2011	21283060
complex actions of estradiol-3-sulfate in late gestation fetal brain.	the most abundant form of estrogen circulating in fetal plasma is sulfo-conjugated estrogen; for example, estradiol-3-sulfate (e(2)so(4)) is more highly abundant than estradiol (e(2)). the present study investigated the ontogeny of the deconjugating (steroid sulfatase [sts]) and conjugating (estrogen sulfotransferase [stf]) enzymes in ovine fetal brain and tested the hypothesis that treatment with e(2)so(4) would alter the expression of one or both enzymes. steroid sulfatase was more highly expr ...	2011	21273638
maternal obesity eliminates the neonatal lamb plasma leptin peak.	a neonatal peak in rodent plasma leptin plays a central role in regulating development of the hypothalamic appetite control centres. maternal obesity lengthens and amplifies the peak in altricial rodent species. the precise timing and characteristics of the neonatal leptin peak have not been established in offspring of either normal or obese mothers in any precocial species. we induced obesity by feeding female sheep for 60 days before conception, and throughout pregnancy and parturition with 15 ...	2011	21262878
effects of environmentally-relevant levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate on clinical parameters and immunological functions in b6c3f1 mice.	in the first part of a series of studies to account for perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos)-induced sheep red blood cell (srbc)-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody suppression in mice, a survey of clinical and immunotoxicological endpoints was examined. adult female b₆c₃f₁ mice were exposed orally for 28 days to a total administered dose (tad) of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg pfos/kg. uterus wet weight was significantly decreased compared with control at the 5 mg/kg dose. no indications of wasting s ...	2011	21261439
winter-feeding systems for gestating sheep ii. effects on feedlot performance, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition of lamb progeny.	mature pregnant crossbred ewes (n = 90) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment and were assigned to 1 of 3 winter-feeding systems differing in primary feed source: haylage (hl), limit-fed corn (cn), or limit-fed dried distillers grains (ddgs). effects of these winter-feeding strategies on postweaning progeny performance were determined. lamb progeny (n = 96) were weaned at 61 ± 4 d of age and fed a common high-concentrate diet. lambs were assigned to feedlot pen (n = 18) base ...	2011	21262978
the effects of sivelestat sodium hydrate on uterine contraction and the concentration of maternal and fetal blood cytokines in a sheep model of intra-amniotic infection induced by lipopolysaccharide.	to evaluate the effects of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat sodium hydrate, in a sheep model of intra-amniotic infection(iai) induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) injected into the intra-amniotic compartment.	2011	21261447
evolutionary patterns of two major reproduction candidate genes (zp2 and zp3) reveal no contribution to reproductive isolation between bovine species.	it has been established that mammalian egg zona pellucida (zp) glycoproteins are responsible for species-restricted binding of sperm to unfertilized eggs, inducing the sperm acrosome reaction, and preventing polyspermy. in mammals, zp apparently represents a barrier to heterospecific fertilization and thus probably contributes to reproductive isolation between species. the evolutionary relationships between some members of the tribe bovini are complex and highly debatable, particularly, those in ...	2011	21266067
partial homografts for atrioventricular valve repair.		2011	21256351