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dbwfa: a web-based database for functional annotation of triticum aestivum transcripts.the functional annotation of genes based on sequence homology with genes from model species genomes is time-consuming because it is necessary to mine several unrelated databases. the aim of the present work was to develop a functional annotation database for common wheat triticum aestivum (l.). the database, named dbwfa, is based on the reference ncbi unigene set, an expressed gene catalogue built by expressed sequence tag clustering, and on full-length coding sequences retrieved from the trifld ...201323660284
differential expression of three bor1 genes corresponding to different genomes in response to boron conditions in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).boron (b) is an essential micronutrient for plants. efflux-type b transporters, bors, have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana and rice. here we identified bor1 genes encoding b efflux transporters, from the hexaploid genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). we cloned three genes closely related to osbor1 and named them tabor1.1, tabor1.2 and tabor1.3. all three tabor1s showed b efflux activities when expressed in tobacco by-2 cells. tabor1-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion proteins were ...201323596187
in silico comparative analysis and expression profile of antioxidant proteins in plants.the antioxidant system in plants is a very important defensive mechanism to overcome stress conditions. we examined the expression profile of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) using a bioinformatics approach. we explored secondary structure prediction and made detailed studies of signature pattern of antioxidant proteins in four plant species (triticum aestivum, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, and brassica juncea). fingerprinting an ...201323512671
mitochondria-addressed cations decelerate the leaf senescence and death in arabidopsis thaliana and increase the vegetative period and improve crop structure of the wheat triticum aestivum.plastoquinone or its methylated form covalently bound to the membrane-penetrating decyltriphenylphosphonium cation (skq1 and skq3) retarded the senescence of arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and their death. dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (c(12)tpp(+)) had a similar effect. much like skq1, c(12)tpp(+) prevented production of reactive oxygen species (ros) measured by the fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in mitochondria of the plant cells. skq1 augmented the length of the vegetation perio ...201323379561
homeotic genes and the abcde model for floral organ formation in wheat.floral organ formation has been the subject of intensive study for over 20 years, particularly in the model dicot species arabidopsis thaliana. these studies have led to the establishment of a general model for the development of floral organs in higher plants, the so-called abcde model, in which floral whorl-specific combinations of class a, b, c, d, or e genes specify floral organ identity. in arabidopsis, class a, b, c, d, e genes encode mads-box transcription factors except for the class a g ...201327137382
impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on the competitive ability of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat (avena fatua).ecological theory predicts that fitness costs of herbicide resistance should lead to the reduced relative abundance of resistant populations upon the cessation of herbicide use. this greenhouse research investigated the potential fitness costs of two multiple herbicide resistant (mhr) wild oat (avena fatua) populations, an economically important weed that affects cereal and pulse crop production in the northern great plains of north america. we compared the competitive ability of two mhr and two ...201323696896
heterologous expression of the wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 compromises the abiotic stress tolerance of arabidopsis thaliana.aquaporins are channel proteins which transport water across cell membranes. we show that the bread wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 maps to the long arm of chromosome 7b and that its product localizes to the endomembrane system. the gene is expressed constitutively in both the root and the leaf, and is down-regulated by salinity and drought stress. salinity stress induced an increased level of c-methylation within the cng trinucleotides in the tatip2;2 promoter region. the heterologous expression ...201324223981
effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing.the objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swath grazing systems in western canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. we hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decline in digestibility and, thus, the yield of effectively degradable dm (eddm) would decline with advanced stages of maturity. four replicate plots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.; cv. cdc cowboy), mill ...201323658356
increase in growth, productivity and nutritional status of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with organic matrix entrapped urea.field experiments were conducted during two consequent years in semi-arid, subtropical climate of rohtak district situated in north-west indian state haryana to evaluate the effects of eco-friendly organic matrix entrapped urea (omeu) on wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711). the omeu prepared in granular form contained cow dung, rice bran (grain cover of oryza sativa), neem (azadirachta indica) leaves and clay soil (diameter of particles < 0.002 mm) in 1:1:1:1 ratios and saresh (plant gum of ...201324006800
land application of sugar beet by-products: effects on runoff and percolating water quality.water quality concerns, including greater potential for nutrient transport to surface waters resulting in eutrophication and nutrient leaching to ground water, exist when agricultural or food processing industry wastes and by-products are land applied. plot- and field-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of sugar beet by-products on no3-n and p losses and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) in runoff and no3-n concentrations in percolating waters. in the runoff plot study, treatments ...201319141823
land application of sugar beet by-products: effects on nitrogen mineralization and crop yields.land application of food processing wastes has become an acceptable practice because of the nutrient value of the wastes and potential cost savings in their disposal. spoiled beets and pulp are among the main by-products generated by the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) processing industry. farmers commonly land apply these by-products at rates >224 mg ha(-1) on a fresh weight basis. however, information on nutrient release in soils treated with these by-products and their subsequent impacts on cro ...201319141822
accumulation of wet-deposited radiocaesium and radiostrontium by spring oilseed rape (brássica napus l.) and spring wheat (tríticum aestívum l.).the accumulation of (134)cs and (85)sr within different parts of spring oilseed rape and spring wheat plants was investigated, with a particular focus on transfer to seeds after artificial wet deposition at different growth stages during a two-year field trial. in general, the accumulation of radionuclides in plant parts increased when deposition was closer to harvest. the seed of spring oilseed rape had lower concentrations of (85)sr than spring wheat grain. the plants accumulated more (134)cs ...201323973885
effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows.this study examined effects on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid concentrations and methane (ch4) emissions when dairy cows were offered diets containing different amounts of algal meal. the algal meal contained 20% docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and cows were offered either 0, 125, 250, or 375 g/cow per d of algal meal corresponding to 0, 25, 50, or 75 g of dha/cow per d. thirty-two holstein cows in mid lactation were allocated to 4 treatment groups, and cows in all groups were individual ...201323498011
differential growth and yield by canola (brassica napus l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) arising from alterations in chemical properties of sandy soils due to additions of fly ash.there is a need for field trials on testing agronomic potential of coal fly ash to engender routine use of this technology. two field trials were undertaken with alkaline and acidic fly ashes supplied at between 3 and 6 mg ha⁻¹ to acidic soils and sown to wheat and canola at richmond (eastern australia) and to wheat only at merredin (western australia).201323070937
herbicidal potential of catechol as an allelochemical.catechol is an allelochemical which belongs to phenolic compounds synthesized in plants. its herbicidal effects on weed species; field poppy (papaver rhoeas), creeping thistle (cirsium arvense), henbit (lamium amplexicaule) and wild mustard (sinapis arvensis) were investigated using wheat (triticum vulgare) and barley (hordeum vulgare) species as control plants. in comparison to 2,4-d (a common synthetic herbicide), 13.64 mm of catechol have been found to have a strong herbicidal effect, as effe ...201316610220
phytotoxicity assessment of methanolic extracts from coriadrum sativum l. fruits.the fruits of coriandrum sativum l. (apiaceae) are used as a spicing and flavoring agent in food products and are also recommended as a drug in the treatment of digestive tract disorders. the safety of botanicals and botanical preparations used as food supplements is of great interest, as the market of such products is expanding worldwide.201323272553
elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects on soybean and sorghum gas exchange in conventional and no-tillage systems.increasing atmospheric co(2) concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture. in the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) to elevated co(2). the study used a split-plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two atmospheric co(2) levels (ambient and twice ambient) as split plots using open-top chambers on a decatur silt loam soil (cl ...201320176833
is the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis, the most abundant natural enemy to aphids in agroecosystems?the multicolored asian ladybeetle, harmonia axyridis pallas (coleoptera: coccinellidae), was introduced into western europe in the late 1990s. since the late 2000s, this species has been commonly considered one of the most abundant aphid predators in most western european countries. in spite of the large amount of research on h. axyridis, information concerning its relative abundance in agroecosystems is lacking. this study aims to evaluate the abundance of h. axyridis within the aphidophage com ...201324785375
population dynamics of dichelops melacanthus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on host plants.the stink bug dichelops melacanthus (dallas) has become one of the major pests of corn and wheat in brasil, mainly after a shift from the conventional tillage system to the no tillage cultivation system. this fact may be due to the simultaneous occurrence of second planting corn with wheat cultivation, and the presence of wild hosts. this study aimed to evaluate the population dynamics of d. melacanthus on wild hosts adjacent to areas cultivated with corn, wheat, and soybean during the season an ...201323949747
competition increases sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum) to biotic plant-soil feedback.plant-soil feedback (psf) and plant competition play an important role in structuring vegetation composition, but their interaction remains unclear. recent studies suggest that competing plants could dilute pathogenic effects, whereas the standing view is that competition may increase the sensitivity of the focal plant to psf. in agro-ecosystems each of these two options would yield contrasting outcomes: reduced versus enhanced effects of weeds on crop biomass production. to test the effect of c ...201323776610
hybrid wheat: quantitative genetic parameters and consequences for the design of breeding programs.commercial heterosis for grain yield is present in hybrid wheat but long-term competiveness of hybrid versus line breeding depends on the development of heterotic groups to improve hybrid prediction. detailed knowledge of the amount of heterosis and quantitative genetic parameters are of paramount importance to assess the potential of hybrid breeding. our objectives were to (1) examine the extent of midparent, better-parent and commercial heterosis in a vast population of 1,604 wheat (triticum a ...201323913277
de novo zygotic transcription in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) includes genes encoding small putative secreted peptides and a protein involved in proteasomal degradation.wheat is one of the world's most important crops, and increasing grain yield is a major challenge for the future. still, our knowledge about the molecular machineries responsible for early post-fertilization events such as zygotic reprogramming, the initial cell-specification events during embryogenesis, and the intercellular communication between the early embryo and the developing endosperm is very limited. here, we describe the identification of de novo transcribed genes in the wheat zygote. ...201323912470
genetic, hormonal, and physiological analysis of late maturity α-amylase in wheat.late maturity α-amylase (lma) is a genetic defect that is commonly found in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and can result in commercially unacceptably high levels of α-amylase in harvest-ripe grain in the absence of rain or preharvest sprouting. this defect represents a serious problem for wheat farmers, and apart from the circumstantial evidence that gibberellins are somehow involved in the expression of lma, the mechanisms or genes underlying lma are unknown. in this work, we use a ...201323321420
role of bacterial communities in the natural suppression of rhizoctonia solani bare patch disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot disease of wheat, caused by rhizoctonia solani ag-8, develops as distinct patches of stunted plants and limits the yield of direct-seeded (no-till) wheat in the pacific northwest of the united states. at the site of a long-term cropping systems study near ritzville, wa, a decline in rhizoctonia patch disease was observed over an 11-year period. bacterial communities from bulk and rhizosphere soil of plants from inside the patches, outside the patches, and reco ...201324056471
head-group acylation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is a common stress response, and the acyl-galactose acyl composition varies with the plant species and applied stress.formation of galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols has been shown to be induced by leaf homogenization, mechanical wounding, avirulent bacterial infection and thawing after snap-freezing. here, lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry showed that galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, formed in wheat (triticum aestivum) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) leaves upon wounding, have acyl-galactose profiles that differ from those of wounded arabidopsis thaliana, indicating th ...201324286212
identification and phylogenetic analysis of a cc-nbs-lrr encoding gene assigned on chromosome 7b of wheat.hexaploid wheat displays limited genetic variation. as a direct a and b genome donor of hexaploid wheat, tetraploid wheat represents an important gene pool for cultivated bread wheat. many disease resistant genes express conserved domains of the nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats (nbs-lrr). in this study, we isolated a cc-nbs-lrr gene locating on chromosome 7b from durum wheat variety italy 363, and designated it tdrga-7ba. its open reading frame was 4014 bp, encoding a 1337 amino ...201323887654
association analysis of genomic loci important for grain weight control in elite common wheat varieties cultivated with variable water and fertiliser supply.grain weight, an essential yield component, is under strong genetic control and markedly influenced by the environment. here, by genome-wide association analysis with a panel of 94 elite common wheat varieties, 37 loci were found significantly associated with thousand-grain weight (tgw) in one or more environments differing in water and fertiliser levels. five loci were stably associated with tgw under all 12 environments examined. their elite alleles had positive effects on tgw. four, two, thre ...201323469248
comparative genomics of a plant-pathogenic fungus, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, reveals transduplication and the impact of repeat elements on pathogenicity and population divergence.pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus causal to the disease tan spot of wheat, whose contribution to crop loss has increased significantly during the last few decades. pathogenicity by this fungus is attributed to the production of host-selective toxins (hst), which are recognized by their host in a genotype-specific manner. to better understand the mechanisms that have led to the increase in disease incidence related to this pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of three p. tritici ...201323316438
molecular characterization of aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from saudi arabia.twelve species belonging to six fungal genera were found to be associated with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain samples collected from three main regions in saudi arabia. the most common genera (average frequency) were aspergillus (14.3%), fusarium (29.1%), penicillium (9.3%), and alternaria (8.2%). nineteen isolates of aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins using hplc. thirteen isolates produced aflatoxins ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 µg/kg. inter-simple sequence ...201324065675
generation of doubled haploid transgenic wheat lines by microspore transformation.microspores can be induced to develop homozygous doubled haploid plants in a single generation. in the present experiments androgenic microspores of wheat have been genetically transformed and developed into mature homozygous transgenic plants. two different transformation techniques were investigated, one employing electroporation and the other co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. different tissue culture and transfection conditions were tested on nine different wheat cultivars using ...201324260351
shotgun analysis of the secretome of fusarium graminearum.fusarium head blight, caused predominately by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. to characterize the profile of proteins secreted by f. graminearum, the extracellular proteins were collectively obtained from f. graminearum culture supernatants and evaluated using one-dimensional sds-page and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. a total of 87 proteins have been identified, of which 63 were predicted as secretory prot ...201324426143
a comparative approach expands the protein-protein interaction node of the immune receptor xa21 in wheat and rice.the rice (oryza sativa) osxa21 receptor kinase is a well-studied immune receptor that initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. two homologs of osxa21 were identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): taxa21-like1 located in a syntenic region with osxa21, and taxa21-like2 located in a nonsyntenic region. proteins encoded by these two wheat genes interact with four wheat orthologs of known osxa21 interactors. in this study, we screened a wheat yea ...201323957671
ectopic expression of a wheat wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 results in hyponastic leaves in arabidopsis thaliana.leaf type is an important trait that closely associates with crop yield. wrky transcription factors exert diverse regulatory effects in plants, but their roles in the determination of leaf type have not been reported so far. in this work, we isolated a wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 from a wheat introgression line sr3, which has larger leaves, superior growth capacity and higher yield than its parent common wheat jn177. tawrky71-1 specifically expressed in leaves, and produced more mr ...201323671653
plant growth stimulation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inoculation of salinity tolerant azotobacter strains.five salinity tolerant azotobacter strains i.e., st3, st6, st9, st17 and st24 were obtained from saline soils. these azotobacter strains were used as inoculant for wheat variety wh157 in earthen pots containing saline soil under pot house conditions, using three fertilizer treatment doses i.e., control (no fertilizer, no inoculation), 90 kg n ha(-1) and 120 kg n ha(-1). inoculation with salinity tolerant azotobacter strains caused significant increase in total nitrogen, biomass and grain yield o ...201324431520
modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated co₂ by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release.the beneficial effects of elevated co2 on plants are expected to be compromised by the negative effects posed by other global changes. however, little is known about ozone (o3)-induced modulation of elevated co2 response in plants with differential sensitivity to o3. an old (triticum aestivum cv. beijing 6, o3 tolerant) and a modern (t. aestivum cv. zhongmai 9, o3 sensitive) winter wheat cultivar were exposed to elevated co2 (714 ppm) and/or o3 (72 ppb, for 7h d(-1)) in open-topped chambers for ...201323378379
effect of phytase from aspergillus niger on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (triticum aestivum linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment.extensive use of non-replenishable phosphate reserves as phosphate supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative phosphate sources. unlocking the phytate phosphorus using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from aspergillus niger ncim 563 in degradation of phytate phosphorus to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendm ...201323355258
proteomic analysis on the leaves of tabtf3 gene virus-induced silenced wheat plants may reveal its regulatory mechanism.basic transcription factor 3 (btf3) is involved in the transcriptional initiation of rna polymerase ii and is also associated with apoptosis. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing of tabtf3 caused severe viral symptoms in wheat seedlings, which then displayed stunted growth, reduced height, and decreased total fresh and dry weights. a proteomic approach was further used to identify the protein species showing differential abundance between the tabtf3 virus-induced gene silenced wheat plant ...201323563083
water stress amelioration and plant growth promotion in wheat plants by osmotic stress tolerant bacteria.soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of abiotic stresses in combination with plant growth promotion would be extremely useful tools in sustainable agriculture. to this end, the present study was initiated where forty-five salt tolerant bacterial isolates with ability to grow in high salt medium were obtained from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum and imperata cylindrica. these bacteria were tested for plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria traits in vitro such as phosphate solubil ...201323239372
utilizing virus-induced gene silencing for the functional characterization of maize genes during infection with the fungal pathogen ustilago maydis.while in dicotyledonous plants virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is well established to study plant-pathogen interaction, in monocots only few examples of efficient vigs have been reported so far. one of the available systems is based on the brome mosaic virus (bmv) which allows gene silencing in different cereals including barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays).infection of maize plants by the corn smut fungus ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large ...201323386294
population growth and damage caused by rhopalosiphum padi (l.) (hemiptera, aphididae) on different cultivars and phenological stages of wheat.among the aphids associated with wheat and other winter cereals, rhopalosiphum padi (l.) is currently the predominant species in the wheat growing region of southern brazil. the damage caused by this aphid occurs by direct feeding and/or by the transmission of pathogenic viruses, such as the barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus. in order to estimate the direct damage caused by r. padi on wheat, we evaluated the population growth of this aphid during the tillering and elongation stages and its effect ...201327023210
cloning and characterization of tasnrk2.3, a novel snrk2 gene in common wheat.environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major adverse factors that significantly affect agricultural productivity. protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a major signalling event induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) family members play essential roles in the response to hyperosmotic stresses in plants. in this study, the tasnrk2.3 gene, a novel snrk2 member was cloned, and three copies located on chromo ...201323630328
phytosiderophores influence on cadmium mobilization and uptake by wheat and barley plants.a constant anthropogenic release of cadmium to the environment has resulted in a continuous buildup of cd in soils. uptake and accumulation of cd in plant tissue and in grains may lead to food chain transfer to humans. application of synthetic chelates was suggested to increase metal mobilization and facilitate phytoextraction as a means for the remediation of metal-polluted soils. however, most of the chelate-extracted metal may be leached rather than mobilized to plant roots. in contrast to th ...201311790018
cadmium content of wheat grain from a long-term field experiment with sewage sludge.grain cd concentrations were determined in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars soissons, brigadier, and hereward grown in 1994,1996, and 1999, respectively, in soils of a long-term field experiment to which sewage sludges contaminated with zn, cu, ni, or cr had previously been added. soil pore water soluble cd and free cd2+ increased linearly with increasing total soil cd (r2=0.82 and 0.84, respectively; p<0.001). similarly, soil pore water free cd2+ increased linearly with increasing soi ...201311577862
wheat response to differences in water and nutritional status between zeoponic and hydroponic growth systems.hydroponic culture has traditionally been used for controlled environment life support systems (celss) because the optimal environment for roots supports high growth rates. recent developments in zeoponic substrate and microporous tube irrigation (zpt) also offer high control of the root environment. this study compared the effect of differences in water and nutrient status of zpt or hydroponic culture on growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. usu-apogee). in a side-by-side test in ...201311543523
[a new micromethod for differential quantitative assay of zeatin and zeatin riboside].a new method is proposed for differential quantitative assay of two major endogenous cytokinin forms. it is based on determination of two effective parameters-concentrations of zeatin and zeatin riboside--with the use of appropriate antigens as standards. the method can be used for determining cytokinins in small samples of plant tissues without extract fractionation. this study pioneers in quantitation of changes in the hormonal status of ovules and ovaries of triticum aestivum l. at early stag ...201311530676
recycling soil nitrate nitrogen by amending agricultural lands with oily food waste.with current agricultural practices the amounts of fertilizer n applied are frequently more than the amounts removed by the crop. excessive n application may result in short-term accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (no3-n) in soil, which can easily be leached from the root zone and into the ground water. a management practice suggested for conserving accumulated no3-n is the application of oily food waste (fog; fat + oil + greases) to agricultural soils. a two-year field study (1995-1996 and 1996-1 ...201314535333
estimating nitrate leaching with a transfer function model incorporating net mineralization and uptake of nitrogen.because of the complex interaction of chemical and biological processes of nitrogen (n) in soils, it is difficult to estimate the leaching of nitrate with various n transformations in porous media. in this study, a transfer function model was developed to simulate the outflow concentration of nitrate in soils during the growth of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), taking into account the main n transformations using source and sink terms. the source and sink terms were treated as inputs to the ...201312931902
radionuclide transport above a near-surface water table: iv. soil migration and crop uptake of chlorine-36 and technetium-99, 1990 to 1993.vertical distributions of (36)cl and (99)tc are presented from deep and shallow lysimeters above artificially controlled water tables for a 4-yr experiment from 1990 to 1993. activity concentration profiles were all measured in late summer when a winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pastiche) crop was harvested. after harvest, activity concentrations in different organs of the crop were determined and crop uptake quantified as both an inventory ratio (ir) and a transfer factor (tf(w)), weighte ...201315537950
[effects of cytokinin preparations on the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus of two wheat cultivars under water deficiency].carboxylase activities of the key enzyme of carbon metabolism, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco; ec 4.1.1.39), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc; ec 4.1.1.31), as well as intensities of carbon dioxide photosynthetic assimilation in young seedlings and adult leaves of the wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars mironovskaya 808 (a more tolerant) and lyutestsens 758 (a less tolerant), were compared under conditions of progressive water deficiency. the water stress had more ...201315609857
influence of organic matter decomposition on soluble carbon and its copper-binding capacity.bulk and low molecular weight (lmw) (<1 kda) water-extractable carbon were collected from fresh and microbially degraded wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.) and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) residues to monitor early-stage humification over an 8-wk incubation. copper complexation parameters were determined for both bulk and lmw water-extractable c for both plant materials in a separate 1-wk incubation. humification progressed through increasing molar absorptivity (a285) and phenolic an ...201314674534
effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium.increasing chloride (cl) concentration in soil solution has been shown to increase cadmium (cd) concentration in soil solution and cd uptake by plants, when grown in phosphate fertilizer- or biosolid-amended soils. however, previous experiments did not distinguish between the effect of cl on biosolid-borne cd compared with soil-borne cd inherited from previous fertilizer history. a factorial pot experiment was conducted with biosolid application rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g biosolids kg(-1) and ...201315074800
spatiotemporal distribution of free and bound forms of abscisic acid in ovaries of triticum aestivum l. and taraxacum officinale web. at the beginning of embryogenesis. 201316229138
[response of winter wheat to cold: production of phenolic compounds and l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity].the formation of soluble and polymeric (lignin) phenolic compounds, activity of l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5), and content of free l-phenylalanine during cold hardening of winter wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) were studied. cold treatment increased accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds in leaves while not affecting the content of lignin. the opposite was observed in tillering nodes. the activity of pal was lower than in control plants in both tissues, and the content ...201316358760
induction of phenolic compounds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tissue cultures by streptomycin.the tissue cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were induced from the mature embryos (explants) of the dry grains and grown on ms medium containing kinetin (0.1 mg/1) and 2,4 d (1.0 mg/l). the cultures were incubated for two weeks at (25+/-2) degrees c under a light/dark regime (16 h light daily). the formed calli were subcultured at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (15 days) with fresh ms medium containing 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/l streptomycin elicitor and maintained for ...201317425105
biosolids affect soil barium in a dryland wheat agroecosystem.in december 2003, the usepa released an amended list of 15 "candidate pollutants for exposure and hazard screening" with regard to biosolids land application, including ba. therefore, we decided to monitor soil ba concentrations from a dryland wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow agroecosystem experiment. this experiment received 10 biennial biosolids applications (1982-2003) at rates from 0 to 26.8 dry mg ha(-1) per application year. the study was conducted on a platner loam (aridic paleustoll), ...201317071904
ultrastructural changes of nucleoli in common wheat induced by actinomycin d.common wheat root tip meristematic cells were treated with low concentrations of actinomycin d (actd), then stained whole by silver nitrate. we showed by transmission electron microscopy that the typical nucleolar structure did not form, but a granular and fibrillar network was exhibited in the nucleolar region. our results support a correlation between nucleolar organization/assembly and the activation of rna polymerase i transcription. furthermore, we speculate that the fibrillar network prese ...201316720523
alfalfa rapidly remediates excess inorganic nitrogen at a fertilizer spill site.by 19%, standard remediation techniques had significantly reduced the concentration of nitrate nitrogen (no3- -n) in local ground water at the site of a 1989 anhydrous ammonia spill, but no3- -n concentrations in portions of the site still exceeded the public drinking water standard. our objective was to determine whether local soil and ground water quality could be improved with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). a 3-yr study was conducted in replicated plots (24 by 30 m) located hydrologically upgr ...201311215664
[change in the reaction of the antioxidant system of wheat sprouts after uv-irradiation of seeds].the response of the antioxidant system of sprouts of wheat triticum aestivum l. to preliminary irradiation of seeds with uv light was studied. the dependence of lipid peroxidation and the extent of antioxidant activity on the duration of irradiation was studied. it was shown that low doses of uv radiation (5-15 min) stimulate the antioxidant protection of green wheat sprouts grown for eight days. increasing the irradiation time to 30-60 min leads to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the an ...201311040985
mechanism of calcium ion induced multilamellar vesicle-dna interaction.the effect of ca2+ on the dna interaction with anionic and neutral multilamellar vesicles (mlv) has been investigated. dna from wheat (triticum aestivum l. gerek) was introduced to a suspension of mlv, composed of phosphatidylcholine (pc):dicetylphosphate (dcp):cholesterol (chol) at different molar ratios, to which ca2+ (5-75 mm) was subsequently added. indication of aggregation and/or fusion was obtained via light-scattering examination following the addition of ca2+ and dna to the mlv medium. ...20139463807
wheat protein.results from aid-supported nebraska research to improve the nutritional quality of wheat indicate that substantial genetic variation for grain protein content exists in wheat. experimental lines with 5% higher protein in their grain than ordinary varieties have been selected from a high-protein x high-protein cross. genetic variablity for lysine in wheat grain is limited. the genetic component of total lysine variability among 12,6000 wheats in the usda world collection was only 0.5%. genetic in ...20131032110
[investigation on wheat varieties of better protein quantity and quality (author's transl)].a research has been conducted on several hundreds of cultivars and selection lines of bread wheat to find out new varieties of better nutritive characteristics. for a coarse evaluation of protein quantity and quality, a screening method (dyebinding capacity, dbc) was utilized. on the same samples, nitrogen was determined also by the kjeldahl method; in some cases aminoacids analysis was carried out. a very high correlation was found between protein content and dbc and, even higher in this case, ...20131243931
[analysis of the short-stem genes in the genotypes of bread wheat cultivars in ukraine].varieties of winter common wheat widely used in breeding programmes for the period of 1912-2002 in ukraine were investigated using both the microsatellite xgwm261 marker linked with the gibberellin-sensitive dwarf gene rht8 and the biochemical test for the sensitivity of seedlings to gibberellic acid. allelic characteristics of the locus xgwm261 have been determined for 97 varieties. near 98% of the modern varieties of winter common wheat derived from odessa breeding institute and 50% of the var ...201217100276
increased gibberellin contents contribute to accelerated growth and development of transgenic tobacco overexpressing a wheat ubiquitin gene.overexpressing taub2 promoted stem growth and resulted in early flowering in transgenic tobacco plants. ubiquitin are involved in the production, metabolism and proper function of gibberellin. the ubiquitin-26s proteasome system (ups), in which ubiquitin (ub) functions as a marker, is a post-translational regulatory system that plays a prominent role in various biological processes. to investigate the impact of different ub levels on plant growth and development, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana ta ...201222926030
genes encoding hevein-like defense peptides in wheat: distribution, evolution, and role in stress response.hevein-like plant defense peptides wamp-1a/b with a unique 10-cys motif are found in the wheat triticum kiharae seeds. three different wamp genomic and cdna sequences were derived from t. kiharae; no introns were spotted in the protein-coding regions of the genes. the deduced wamp precursor proteins consist of a signal peptide, mature peptide (wamp) and c-terminal prosequence. origin of wamps from class i/iv chitinases via deletion of the catalytic domain is proposed based on homology between th ...201222227377
effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility in non-heat-treated and heat-treated wheat-barley pig diets.the objective was to evaluate effects of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p in a non-heat-treated and a heat-treated wheat (triticum aestivum)-barley (hordeum vulgare) diet fed without inorganic p in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. the basal diet was ground and half of the batch was steam pelleted at 81°c and crumbled. phytase was added at 0, 250, and 500 phytase units (ftu)/kg as-fed (aspergillus niger). the study comprised 36 pigs from 6 litters. pigs were house ...201223365331
cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves.in december of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, september to november) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.)/bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flugge) sod. pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixt ...201222958279
transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum.the development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) ...201222405032
sequential determination of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids after ultrasound-assisted extraction from plants and reverse lc separation.a dual method is proposed for the determination of metabolites involved in the shikimate pathway which are biomarkers of the effects of glyphosate action on plants exposed to this herbicide. extraction of the target metabolites (phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and shikimic acid) from a wheat model plant was accelerated by ultrasound energy. after centrifugation and micro-filtration, 1 μl of extract was injected into the chromatograph in an isocratic regime for 4 min to determine shikimate by ...201223598041
plant regeneration from mature embryo of commercial indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars.a simple, efficient, reproducible and comparatively genotype-independent in vitro plant regeneration protocol was developed for ten commercial indian bread wheat cultivars using mature embryos as the explants. three different auxins and five different combinations of growth regulators in a modified murashige and skoog's basal medium were assessed for their effect on callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively, in a high yielding and widely grown cultivar, pbw-343. the optimized conditi ...201223573055
comprehensive analysis of the transcription of starch synthesis genes and the transcription factor rsr1 in wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm.the cdna sequences of 26 starch synthesis genes were identified in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and their transcript levels were measured using quantitative real-time rt-pcr to assess the function of individual genes and the regulatory mechanism in wheat endosperm. the expression patterns of 26 genes in wheat endosperm were classified into three groups. the genes in group 1 were richly expressed in the early stage of grain development and may be involved in the construction of fundamenta ...201223517321
[specific features of fertility restoration in alloplasmic lines obtained based on hybridization of self-fertilized offspring of barley-wheat (hordeum vulgare l. x triticum aestivum l.) amphiploid with common wheat varieties saratovskaya 29 and pyrotrix 28].the problems of fertility restoration in the progeny of barley-wheat hybrids (h. vulgare x t. aestivum) are explained by incompatibility between the cytoplasm of cultivated barley and the nuclear genome of common wheat. suitable models for studying these problems are alloplasmic lines that combine the cytoplasm of barley and the nuclear genome of wheat. in this work, the specific features of fertility restoration in alloplasmic common wheat lines (h. vulgare)-t. aestivum were studied depending o ...201223516898
in silico studies of c 3 metabolic pathway proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum).photosynthesis is essential for plant productivity and critical for plant growth. more than 90% of plants have a c3 metabolic pathway primarily for carbon assimilation. improving crop yields for food and fuel is a major challenge for plant biology. to enhance the production of wheat there is need to adopt the strategies that can create the change in plants at the molecular level. during the study we have employed computational bioinformatics and interactomics analysis of c3 metabolic pathway pro ...201223484105
shared influence of pathogen and host genetics on a trade-off between latent period and spore production capacity in the wheat pathogen, puccinia triticina.crop pathogens are notorious for their rapid adaptation to their host. we still know little about the evolution of their life cycles and whether there might be trade-offs between fitness components, limiting the evolutionary potential of these pathogens. in this study, we explored a trade-off between spore production capacity and latent period in puccinia triticina, a fungal pathogen causing leaf rust on wheat. using a simple multivariate (manova) technique, we showed that the covariance between ...201223467548
isolation and characterization of an endosperm-specific promoter from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).genes coding for avenin-like proteins (alp) represent a new family of wheat storage protein genes. to find a wheat endosperm-specific promoter, a 1644-bp fragment upstream of the alp type-b gene (genbank accession number jn622144) was isolated. the important promoter elements of the alp type-b gene were ascertained through sequence analysis which revealed that this fragment contains the tata and caat boxes, which are important elements in gene expression. a prolamin box containing an endosperm m ...201223413756
phytase improves apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in piglets fed diets with adequate or reduced phosphorus content.the effect of a thermotolerant 6-phytase produced by trichoderma reesei on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p and ca was evaluated in 192 weaned piglets (randomized block design; 16 replicates; 2 piglets each). diets based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa), soybean (glycine max) meal, and whey protein with adequate [positive control (pc)] or reduced [negative control (nc)] ca and p levels were fed for 46 d after weaning. the pc ...201223365327
[sequence polymorphism and mapping of wheat ca2+-binding protein tacrt-a gene].taking thirty-seven hexaploid wheat (aabbdd) accessions with different drought resistance at seedling stage, three wheat species with a genome (aa), and three tetraploid wheat species (aabb) as test materials, and by direct sequencing the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in tacrt-a, this paper analyzed the relationships of the snp with the drought resistance of wheat ( triticum aestivum) at its seedling stage, and mapped the tacrt-a on the chromosome of wheat. the full-length sequence of the ...201223286013
cloning of a conserved receptor-like protein kinase gene and its use as a functional marker for homoeologous group-2 chromosomes of the triticeae species.receptor-like kinases (rlks) play broad biological roles in plants. we report on a conserved receptor-like protein kinase (rpk) gene from wheat and other triticeae species. the tarpk1 was isolated from the triticum aestivum cv. prins - triticum timopheevii introgression line igvi-465 carrying the powdery mildew resistance gene pm6. the tarpk1 was mapped to homoeologous chromosomes 2a (tarpk1-2a), 2d (tarpk1-2d) and the pm6-carrier chromosome 2g (tarpk1-2g) of igvi-465. under the tested condition ...201223272050
in planta stage-specific fungal gene profiling elucidates the molecular strategies of fusarium graminearum growing inside wheat coleoptiles.the ascomycete fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum). to better understand how this pathogen proliferates within the host plant, we tracked pathogen growth inside wheat coleoptiles and then examined pathogen gene expression inside wheat coleoptiles at 16, 40, and 64 h after inoculation (hai) using laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis. we identified 344 genes that were preferentially expressed during invasive growth in planta. gene exp ...201223266949
a comprehensive study on dehydration-induced antioxidative responses during germination of indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) cultivars collected from different agroclimatic zones.to explore the adaptability of bread wheat to dehydration stress, we screened 28 cultivars collected from different agroclimatic zones, on the basis of malonaldehyde content as biochemical marker in roots of wheat seedlings during germination and classified them as highly tolerant, tolerant, sensitive and highly sensitive. from this primary screening, ten cultivars that showed differential responses to dehydration stress were selected to understand the biochemical and physiological basis of stre ...201223814436
the induction of mycotoxins by trichothecene producing fusarium species.in recent years, many fusarium species have emerged which now threaten the productivity and safety of small grain cereal crops worldwide. during floral infection and post-harvest on stored grains the fusarium hyphae produce various types of harmful mycotoxins which subsequently contaminate food and feed products. this article focuses specifically on the induction and production of the type b sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxins. methods are described which permit in liquid culture the small ...201222183670
Cloning, Escherichia coli expression, purification, characterization, and enzyme assay of the ribosomal protein S4 from wheat seedlings (Triticum vulgare).S4 is a paradigm of ribosomal proteins involved in multifarious activities both within and outside the ribosome. For a detailed biochemical and structural investigations of eukaryotic S4, the wheat S4 gene has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein purified to a high degree of homogeneity. The 285-residue recombinant protein containing an N-terminal His(6) tag along with fourteen additional residues derived from the cloning vector is characterized by a molecular mass of 3 ...201221945701
next-generation sequencing applications for wheat crop improvement.• bread wheat (triticum aestivum; poaceae) is a crop plant of great importance. it provides nearly 20% of the world's daily food supply measured by calorie intake, similar to that provided by rice. the yield of wheat has doubled over the last 40 years due to a combination of advanced agronomic practice and improved germplasm through selective breeding. more recently, yield growth has been less dramatic, and a significant improvement in wheat production will be required if demand from the growing ...201222268223
evaluation of tropically adapted straightbred and crossbred cattle: postweaning gain and feed efficiency when finished in a temperate climate.beef cows in the subtropical usa must be adapted to the stressors of the environment, typically supplied by using brahman breeding. calves produced in the region, however, are usually grown and finished in more temperate regions, and have a perceived reputation for poor adg and feed efficiency during finishing. compromised fertility and carcass quality often associated with the brahman have increased interest in tropically adapted bos taurus breed types. the objective of this study was to evalua ...201222247114
cloning and expression of an endo-1, 4-beta-xylanase from the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei.abstract: background: the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei, reproduces and feeds exclusively on the mature endosperm of the coffee seed, which has a cell wall composed mainly of a heterogeneous mixture of hemicellulose polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans. xylanases are digestive enzymes responsible for the degradation of xylan based polymers, hydrolyzing them into smaller molecules that are easier to assimilate by insects. we report the cloning, expression and enzymatic characteriza ...201222233686
in vitro fermentation of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and low molecular mass arabinoxylans with different structural properties from wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) bran and psyllium ( plantago ovata forsk) seed husk.ball milling was used for producing complex arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (axos) and low molecular mass arabinoxylans (ax) from wheat bran, pericarp-enriched wheat bran, and psyllium seed husk. the arabinose to xylose ratio of the samples produced varied between 0.14 and 0.92, and their average degree of polymerization (avdp) ranged between 42 and 300. their fermentation for 48 h in an in vitro system using human colon suspensions was compared to enzymatically produced wheat bran axos with an ar ...201222224418
characterization of the wheat gene encoding a grain-specific lipid transfer protein tdpr61, and promoter activity in wheat, barley and rice.the tapr61 gene from bread wheat encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) with a hydrophobic signal peptide, predicted to direct the tapr61 protein to the apoplast. modelling of tapr61 revealed the presence of an internal cavity which can accommodate at least two lipid molecules. the full-length gene, including the promoter sequence of a tapr61 orthologue, was cloned from a bac library of triticum durum. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed the presence of tapr61 and tdpr61 mainly in grain. a tra ...201222213809
allelopathic effect of ashwagandha against the germination and radicle growth of cicer arietinum and triticum aestivum.ashwagandha (withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant in indian traditional system of medicine and traditionally has been used for several medicinal purposes in the indian subcontinent.201222923955
archaeobotanical study of ancient food and cereal remains at the astana cemeteries, xinjiang, china.starch grain, phytolith and cereal bran fragments were analyzed in order to identify the food remains including cakes, dumplings, as well as porridge unearthed at the astana cemeteries in turpan of xinjiang, china. the results suggest that the cakes were made from triticum aestivum while the dumplings were made from triticum aestivum, along with setaria italica. the ingredients of the porridge remains emanated from panicum miliaceum. moreover, direct macrobotantical evidence of the utilization o ...201223028807
effect of dietary fiber and crude protein content in feed on nitrogen retention in pigs.eight gilts (29.9 ± 1.7 kg initial bw) were used to evaluate effects of dietary (crude) fiber on n excretion via feces and urine at 2 levels of dietary cp. pigs were fed 4 dietary treatments according to a double 4 × 4 latin square. treatments were low (14%) cp and low (3.25%) (crude) fiber (lpaa), low cp and high (4.46%) fiber (lpaabp), high (18.8%) cp and low fiber (hp), and high cp and high fiber (hpbp). diets were based on soybean (glycine max) meal, wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea ...201223365315
digestibility energy and amino acids of canola meal from two species (brassica juncea and brassica napus) fed to distal ileum cannulated grower pigs.yellow-seeded brassica juncea is a novel canola species targeted to grow in the southern canadian prairies where thermotolerance, disease resistance, and adaptation to dry agronomic conditions are required. the support of its cultivation needs nutritional evaluation of its coproduct. the b. juncea canola meal (cm) contains less fiber than conventional, dark-seeded brassica napus cm but also slightly less lys. in a 6 × 6 latin square, 6 distal ileum cannulated pigs (47 kg bw) were fed 6 diets to ...201223365335
cyclical parthenogenetic reproduction in the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) in the united states: sexual reproduction and its outcome on biotypic diversity.in 1986, the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), became an invasive species of united states. nearly 20 yr later, new biotypes appeared that were capable of overcoming most sources of resistance and became a renewed threat to wheat, triticum aestivum l., production. cyclical (cp) and obligate (op) parthenogenesis enables aphids to both adapt to changing environments and exploit host resources. we documented these forms of reproduction for russian wheat aphid ...201222812148
barley tolerance of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotype 2 herbivory involves expression of defense response and developmental genes.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov), is an invasive insect pest that causes serious yield losses in bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., durum wheat, t. turgidum l and barley, hordeum vulgare l. successful management of d. noxia has been achieved through resistant varieties via plant antixenosis (aphid non-preference), antibiosis (reduced aphid growth or fecundity), tolerance (plant compensatory growth after aphid feeding), or a combination of each. previous phenotyping experiment ...201222476464
[epigenetics of plant vernalization regulated by non-coding rnas].many higher plants must experience a period of winter cold to accomplish the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. this biological process is called vernalization. some crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) produce seeds as edible organs, and therefore special measures of rotation and cultivation are necessary for plants to go through an early vernalization for flower differentiation and development, whereas the other crops such as chinese c ...201222805208
ground beetle (coleoptera: carabidae) diversity, activity density, and community structure in a diversified agroecosystem.diversity and abundance of ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) can be enhanced in vegetable and field intercropping systems, but the complexity of polycultures precludes the application of generalized assumptions of effects for novel intercropping combinations. in a field experiment conducted at lacombe and ellerslie, alberta, canada, in 2005 and 2006, we investigated the effects of intercropping canola (brassica napus l.) with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) on the diversity and community struc ...201222525061
the effects of phenotypic plasticity on photosynthetic performance in winter rye, winter wheat and brassica napus.the contributions of phenotypic plasticity to photosynthetic performance in winter (cv musketeer, cv norstar) and spring (cv sr4a, cv katepwa) rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars grown at either 20°c [non-acclimated (na)] or 5°c [cold acclimated (ca)] were assessed. the 22-40% increase in light-saturated rates of co₂ assimilation in ca vs na winter cereals were accounted for by phenotypic plasticity as indicated by the dwarf phenotype and increased specific leaf weight. ...201221883254
lactose in diet influences the degradation of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan in the small intestine of pigs.the objective was to study the cause of variation in digestibility of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan (β-glucan) in the small intestine of growing pigs. the β-glucan is an important cell wall [dietary fiber (df)] component of the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare) and oats (avena sativa). the digestibility of β-glucan in the small intestine from both cereals is among the highest of all df components, but in 1 study with oat-based diets it was lower (p < 0.001) than in other studies. in this ...201223365304
effect of feeding different cereal-based diets on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation.a trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different cereals on the performance, gut mucosa, and microbiota of weanling pigs with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation. a total of 108 newly weaned pigs (7.4 kg bw; 26 d of age; half with and half without creep feed) were used. piglets were distributed by bw into 36 pens according to a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments with previous access to creep feed (with or without) and cereal source in the experimental diet [ ...201223365275
control of wild oat (avena fatua) using some phenolic compounds i - germination and some growth parameters.the percentage of germination of wild oat was significantly inhibited by increasing the concentrations of phenolic compounds. ferulic acid was the most effective compound which completely inhibited germination at a concentration of 3.0 mm. at the same time, wheat and barley were slightly affected with different concentrations of the four phenolic compounds. the percentage of germination of wheat significantly decreased with increasing of ferulic acid reaching a maximum inhibition at 3.0 mm conce ...201223961157
[analysis of codon use features of cbf gene in camellia sinensis].cbf (c-repeat-binding factor) transcription factor exists widely in all kinds of plants. it is an important regulative factor in the process of plant resistance adversity. in this paper, camellia sinensis cbf1 gene sequence was analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with c. sinensis genes, genomes in other species, and cbf genes from 39 plant species. it is important to identify the codon usage of cscbf1 gene and select appropriate expression systems. the results ...201223262110
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
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