Publications

quantitative trait locus mapping and candidate gene analysis for plant architecture traits using whole genome re-sequencing in rice.	plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for plant shape-related traits in rice (oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. to identify qtls influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and ...	2014	24599000
osmogs is required for n-glycan formation and auxin-mediated root development in rice (oryza sativa l.).	n-glycosylation is a major modification of glycoproteins in eukaryotic cells. in arabidopsis, great progress has been made in functional analysis of n-glycan production, however there are few studies in monocotyledons. here, we characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) osmogs mutant with shortened roots and isolated a gene that coded a putative mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (osmogs), an ortholog of α-glucosidase i in arabidopsis, which trims the terminal glucosyl residue of the oligosacchari ...	2014	24597623
strigolactones are involved in phosphate- and nitrate-deficiency-induced root development and auxin transport in rice.	strigolactones (sls) or their derivatives have recently been defined as novel phytohormones that regulate root development. however, it remains unclear whether sls mediate root growth in response to phosphorus (p) and nitrogen (n) deficiency. in this study, the responses of root development in rice (oryza sativa l.) to different levels of phosphate and nitrate supply were investigated using wild type (wt) and mutants defective in sl synthesis (d10 and d27) or insensitive to sl (d3). reduced conc ...	2014	24596173
introgression of two chromosome regions for leaf photosynthesis from an indica rice into the genetic background of a japonica rice.	increases in rates of individual leaf photosynthesis (p n) are critical for future increases of rice yields. a previous study, using introgression lines derived from a cross between indica cultivar habataki, with one of the highest recorded values of p n, and the japanese elite cultivar koshihikari, identified four qtls (qcar4, qcar5, qcar8, and qcar11) that affect p n. the present study examined the combined effect of qcar4 and qcar8 on p n in the genetic background of koshihikari. the pyramide ...	2014	24591053
ubiquitin ligase el5 maintains the viability of root meristems by influencing cytokinin-mediated nitrogen effects in rice.	root formation is dependent on meristematic activity and is influenced by nitrogen supply. we have previously shown that ubiquitin ligase, el5, in rice (oryza sativa) is involved in the maintenance of root meristematic viability. when mutant el5 protein is overexpressed to dominantly inhibit the endogenous el5 function in rice, primordial and meristematic necrosis ia observed. here, we analysed the cause of root cell death in transgenic rice plants (mel5) overexpressing el5v162a, which encodes a ...	2014	24663342
a microautoradiographic method for fresh-frozen sections to reveal the distribution of radionuclides at the cellular level in plants.	microautoradiography (mar) is a conventional imaging method based on the daguerreotype. the technique is used to visualize the distribution of radionuclide-labeled compounds within a tissue section. however, application of the classical mar method to plant tissue sections is associated with several difficulties. in this study, we report an mar method applicable to fresh-frozen plant sections. our method had two features: (i) the sample was kept frozen from plant tissue collection to radioisotope ...	2014	24747953
rna sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis of rice plants in endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions.	the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response is widely known to function in eukaryotes to maintain the homeostasis of the er when unfolded or misfolded proteins are overloaded in the er. to understand the molecular mechanisms of the er stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.), we previously analyzed the expression profile of stably transformed rice in which an er stress sensor/transducer osire1 was knocked-down, using the combination of preliminary microarray and quantitative rt-pcr. in this ...	2014	24742282
the effects of the photoperiod-insensitive alleles, se13, hd1 and ghd7, on yield components in rice.	flowering time is closely associated with grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). in temperate regions, seasonal changes in day length (known as the photoperiod) are an important environmental cue for floral initiation. the timing of flowering is important not only for successful reproduction, but also for determining the ideal balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth duration. recent molecular genetics studies have revealed key flowering time genes responsible for photoperiod se ...	2014	24659905
apoptosis induction in colon cancer cell lines and alteration of aberrant crypt foci in rat colon by purple rice (oryza sativa l. var. glutinosa) extracts.	crude ethanol extracts (cee) of purple rice was fractionated to obtain hexane soluble (hsf) and ethyl acetate soluble fractions (easf). total antioxidant capacity was higher in cee than the hsf and easf. however, hsf exhibited strong antiproliferation and apoptosis induction against colon cancer cell lines, both p53 wild-type (rko) and mutant (sw620) strains. then, the cee was used to determine the effects on the progression of aberrant crypt foci (acf), a preneoplastic lesion seen in colon carc ...	2014	24742104
evidence for selection on gene expression in cultivated rice (oryza sativa).	artificial selection has been used throughout plant domestication and breeding to develop crops that are adapted to diverse environments. here, we investigate whether gene regulatory changes have been widespread targets of lineage-specific selection in cultivated lines minghui 63 and zhenshan 97 of rice, oryza sativa. a line experiencing positive selection for either an increase or a decrease in genes' transcript abundances is expected to have an overabundance of expression quantitative trait lo ...	2014	24659814
evidence supporting distinct functions of three cytosolic glutamine synthetases and two nadh-glutamate synthases in rice.	the functions of the three isoenzymes of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1;1, gs1;2, and gs1;3) and two nadh-glutamate synthases (nadh-gogat1 and nadh-gogat2) in rice (oryza sativa l.) were characterized using a reverse genetics approach and spatial expression of the corresponding genes. osgs1;2 and osnadh-gogat1 were mainly expressed in surface cells of rice roots in an nh4 (+)-dependent manner. disruption of either gene by the insertion of endogenous retrotransposon tos17 caused reduction in ...	2014	24634487
jasmonic acid regulates spikelet development in rice.	the spikelet is the basal unit of inflorescence in grasses, and its formation is crucial for reproductive success and cereal yield. here, we report a previously unknown role of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (ja) in determining rice (oryza sativa) spikelet morphogenesis. the extra glume 1 (eg1) and eg2 mutants exhibit altered spikelet morphology with changed floral organ identity and number, as well as defective floral meristem determinacy. we show that eg1 is a plastid-targeted lipase that par ...	2014	24647160
genetic diversity and association mapping of seed vigor in rice (oryza sativa l.).	seed vigor is closely related to direct seeding in rice (oryza sativa l.). previous quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies for seed vigor were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and no report from natural populations. in this study, association mapping for seed vigor was performed on a selected sample of 540 rice cultivars (419 from china and 121 from vietnam). population structure was estimated on the basis of 262 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. seed vigor was evaluat ...	2014	24668487
microrna319 positively regulates cold tolerance by targeting ospcf6 and ostcp21 in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the microrna319 (mir319) family is conserved among diverse plant species. in rice (oryza sativa l.), the mir319 gene family is comprised of two members, osa-mir319a and osa-mir319b. we found that overexpressing osa-mir319b in rice resulted in wider leaf blades and delayed development. here, we focused on the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of the osa-mir319b gene in response to cold stress in rice. the expression of osa-mir319b was down-regulated by cold stress, and the ove ...	2014	24667308
development of novel microsatellite markers for the bbcc oryza genome (poaceae) using high-throughput sequencing technology.	wild species of oryza are extremely valuable sources of genetic material that can be used to broaden the genetic background of cultivated rice, and to increase its resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. until recently, there was no sequence information for the bbcc oryza genome; therefore, no special markers had been developed for this genome type. the lack of suitable markers made it difficult to search for valuable genes in the bbcc genome. the aim of this study was to develop microsatelli ...	2014	24632997
evaluation of rice promoters conferring pollen-specific expression in a heterologous system, arabidopsis.	promoters can direct gene expression specifically to targeted tissues or cells. effective with both crop species and model plant systems, these tools can help researchers overcome the practical obstacles associated with transgenic protocols. here, we identified promoters that allow one to target the manipulation of gene expression during pollen development. utilizing published transcriptomic databases for rice, we investigated the promoter activity of selected genes in arabidopsis. from various ...	2014	24550073
dwarf tiller1, a wuschel-related homeobox transcription factor, is required for tiller growth in rice.	unlike many wild grasses, domesticated rice cultivars have uniform culm height and panicle size among tillers and the main shoot, which is an important trait for grain yield. however, the genetic basis of this trait remains unknown. here, we report that dwarf tiller1 (dwt1) controls the developmental uniformity of the main shoot and tillers in rice (oryza sativa). most dwt1 mutant plants develop main shoots with normal height and larger panicles, but dwarf tillers bearing smaller panicles compar ...	2014	24625559
herbivory-induced plant volatiles from oryza sativa and their influence on chemotaxis behaviour of tibraca limbativentris stal. (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and egg parasitoids.	the rice stem bug, tibraca limbativentris stal. (hemiptera: pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of rice crops, especially irrigated crops. plant defence strategies against these bugs may involve the emission of chemical compounds, which are released following herbivore attacks, directly or indirectly harming pest performance. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of constitutive and herbivory-induced volatiles from rice plants (oryza sativa l.) on the behavioural respo ...	2014	24622042
toward deciphering the genome-wide transcriptional responses of rice to phosphate starvation and recovery.	phosphate (pi) limitation is one of the major factors negatively impacting crop yield worldwide. next generation sequencing (ngs) was used to profile the transcriptomes of rice (oryza sativa) roots and shoots after phosphate starvation and recovery, shedding further light on the complex and dynamic mechanisms involved in pi homeostasis. the use of ngs also enabled the identification of previously not annotated loci and novel isoforms of genes that are specifically induced by pi starvation. furth ...	2014	24614023
effects of elevated ozone, carbon dioxide, and the combination of both on the grain quality of chinese hybrid rice.	the effects of co2 and/or o3 elevation on rice grain quality were investigated in chamber experiments with gas fumigation performed from transplanting until maturity in 2011 and 2012. compared with the control (current co2 and o3 concentration), elevated co2 caused a tendency of an increase in grain chalkiness and a decrease in mineral nutrient concentrations. in contrast, elevated o3 significantly increased grain chalkiness and the concentrations of essential nutrients, while changes in starch ...	2014	24607649
conserved mir164-targeted nac genes negatively regulate drought resistance in rice.	micrornas constitute a large group of endogenous small rnas of ~22 nt that emerge as vital regulators, mainly by targeting mrnas for post-transcriptional repression. previous studies have revealed that the mir164 family in arabidopsis is comprised of three members which guide the cleavage of the mrnas of five nac genes to modulate developmental processes. however, the functions of the mir164-targeted nac genes in crops are poorly deciphered. in this study, the conserved features of six mir164-ta ...	2014	24604734
photosynthetic responses of oryza sativa l. seedlings to cadmium stress: physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural analyses.	in the present study, photosynthetic responses induced by cadmium stress in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photochemical activities, the stability of thylakoid membranes chlorophyll-protein complexes and the chloroplast ultrastructure of the cereal crop oryza sativa l. were characterized. cadmium inhibited the biosynthesis of chlorophyll by interfering with activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the rice seedlings. for the photochemical activities analyses, the extent of the decrease in pho ...	2014	24562500
seed germination ecology of echinochloa glabrescens and its implication for management in rice (oryza sativa l.).	echinochloa glabrescens is a c4 grass weed that is very competitive with rice when left uncontrolled. the competitive ability of weeds is intensified in direct-seeded rice production systems. a better understanding is needed of factors affecting weed seed germination, which can be used as a component of integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice. this study was conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, salt and osmotic stress, burial depth, crop residue, time and depth of f ...	2014	24642568
a homolog of ethylene overproducer, osetol1, differentially modulates drought and submergence tolerance in rice.	submergence and drought are major limiting factors for crop production. however, very limited studies have been reported on the distinct or overlapping mechanisms of plants in response to the two water extremes. here we report an ethylene overproducer 1-like gene (osetol1) that modulates differentially drought and submergence tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). two allelic mutants of osetol1 showed increased resistance to drought stress at the panicle development stage. interestingly, the mutan ...	2014	24641694
dicer-like 3 produces transposable element-associated 24-nt sirnas that control agricultural traits in rice.	transposable elements (tes) and repetitive sequences make up over 35% of the rice (oryza sativa) genome. the host regulates the activity of different tes by different epigenetic mechanisms, including dna methylation, histone h3k9 methylation, and histone h3k4 demethylation. tes can also affect the expression of host genes. for example, miniature inverted repeat tes (mites), dispersed high copy-number dna tes, can influence the expression of nearby genes. in plants, 24-nt small interfering rnas ( ...	2014	24554078
the trafficking pathway of a wheat storage protein in transgenic rice endosperm.	the trafficking of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of plant cells is a topic of considerable interest since this organelle serves as an entry point for proteins destined for other organelles, as well as for the er itself. in the current work, transgenic rice was used to study the pattern and pathway of deposition of the wheat high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin sub-unit (gs) 1dx5 within the rice endosperm using specific antibodies to determine whether it is deposited in the same or d ...	2014	24603605
quantitative trait loci identification, fine mapping and gene expression profiling for ovicidal response to whitebacked planthopper (sogatella furcifera horvath) in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the whitebacked planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera horváth, is a serious rice pest in asia. ovicidal resistance is a natural rice defense mechanism against wbph and is characterized by the formation of watery lesions (wls) and increased egg mortality (em) at the wbph oviposition sites.	2014	24886295
genetic and physiological analysis of tolerance to acute iron toxicity in rice.	fe toxicity occurs in lowland rice production due to excess ferrous iron (fe(2+)) formation in reduced soils. to contribute to the breeding for tolerance to fe toxicity in rice, we determined quantitative trait loci (qtl) by screening two different bi-parental mapping populations under iron pulse stresses (1,000 mg l(-1) = 17.9 mm fe(2+) for 5 days) in hydroponic solution, followed by experiments with selected lines to determine whether qtls were associated with iron exclusion (i.e. root based m ...	2014	24920973
heat-tolerant rice cultivars retain grain appearance quality under free-air co2 enrichment.	heat-tolerant rice cultivars have been developed as a countermeasure to poor grain appearance quality under high temperatures. recent studies showed that elevated co2 concentrations (e-[co2]) also reduce grain quality. to determine whether heat-tolerant cultivars also tolerate e-[co2], we conducted a free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiment with 12 rice cultivars differing in heat tolerance.	2014	24920972
genome-wide response to selection and genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).	cold stress is an important factor limiting rice yield in many areas of high latitude and altitude. considerable efforts have been taken to genetically dissect cold tolerance (ct) in rice using dna markers. because of possible epistasis and gene × environment interactions associated with identified quantitative trait loci, the results of these genetic studies have unfortunately not been directly applicable to marker-assisted selection for improved rice ct. in this study, we demonstrated the util ...	2014	24885138
osrack1 is involved in abscisic acid- and h2o2-mediated signaling to regulate seed germination in rice (oryza sativa, l.).	the receptor for activated c kinase 1 (rack1) is one member of the most important wd repeat-containing family of proteins found in all eukaryotes and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. however, compared with the progress in the area of mammalian rack1, our understanding of the functions and molecular mechanisms of rack1 in the regulation of plant growth and development is still in its infancy. in the present study, we investigated the roles of rice rack1a gene (osrack1a) in controlling ...	2014	24865690
distribution of lysophosphatidylcholine in the endosperm of oryza sativa rice.	sake is made from fermented rice and has been drunk in japan for more than 1000 years. the rice must be polished prior to fermentation to obtain high-quality sake. it is traditionally recognized that the quality of sake is improved as the rice polishing ratio (percentage removed in the polishing process) increases. however, the underlying chemistry of the rice polishing process is incompletely understood. herein, we analyzed the distribution of lysophosphatidylcholine (lpc) molecular species wit ...	2014	24861602
rice actin-binding protein rmd is a key link in the auxin-actin regulatory loop that controls cell growth.	the plant hormone auxin plays a central role in plant growth and development. auxin transport and signaling depend on actin organization. despite its functional importance, the mechanistic link between actin filaments (f-actin) and auxin intracellular signaling remains unclear. here, we report that the actin-organizing protein rice morphology determinant (rmd), a type ii formin from rice (oryza sativa), provides a key link. mutants lacking rmd display abnormal cell growth and altered configurati ...	2014	24982173
mutation of the rdr1 gene caused genome-wide changes in gene expression, regional variation in small rna clusters and localized alteration in dna methylation in rice.	endogenous small (sm) rnas (primarily si- and mirnas) are important trans/cis-acting regulators involved in diverse cellular functions. in plants, the rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) are essential for smrna biogenesis. it has been established that rdr2 is involved in the 24 nt sirna-dependent rna-directed dna methylation (rddm) pathway. recent studies have suggested that rdr1 is involved in a second rddm pathway that relies mostly on 21 nt smrnas and functions to silence a subset of genomic ...	2014	24980094
genomic regions involved in yield potential detected by genome-wide association analysis in japanese high-yielding rice cultivars.	high-yielding cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) have been developed in japan from crosses between overseas indica and domestic japonica cultivars. recently, next-generation sequencing technology and high-throughput genotyping systems have shown many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) that are proving useful for detailed analysis of genome composition. these snps can be used in genome-wide association studies to detect candidate genome regions associated with economically important traits. ...	2014	24885019
genome-wide identification of heat shock proteins (hsps) and hsp interactors in rice: hsp70s as a case study.	heat shock proteins (hsps) perform a fundamental role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. although researchers have made great efforts on the functional analysis of individual family members, hsps have not been fully characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.) and little is known about their interactors.	2014	24884676
anti-invasive activity against cancer cells of phytochemicals in red jasmine rice (oryza sativa l.).	red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. it was found that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (cee), hexane fraction (hex) and dichloromethane fraction (dcm) could reduce ht1080 and mda-mb-231 cancer cell invasion. ...	2014	24969892
origin and development of the root cap in rice.	the tip of the root is covered by a thimble-shaped root cap that is the site of perception and transduction for many environmental stimuli. until now, little was known about how the root cap of rice (oryza sativa) develops and functions to regulate the adaptive behavior of the root. to address this, we examined the formation of the rice root cap during embryogenesis and characterized the anatomy and structure of the rice radicle root cap. we further investigated the role of the quiescent center ...	2014	24958716
vertisol prevent cadmium accumulation in rice: analysis by ecophysiological toxicity markers.	alfisol and vertisol cover more than fifty percent of rice fields in asia. rice cultivated in these soils is found to be contaminated with cadmium (cd). influence of physiochemical properties of these soils on cd accumulation and ecophysiological functions of oryza sativa l. cv mtu 7029 and mo 16 were analyzed. plants grown in vertisol accumulated lower amount of cd compare with those in alfisol. soil properties such as cation exchange capacity and alkalinity played major role in decrease in cd ...	2014	24875916
regulation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis by silicon application during physical injury to oryza sativa l.	we investigated the effects of silicon (si) application on rice plants (oryza sativa l.) and its responses in the regulation of jasmonic acid (ja) during wounding stress. endogenous ja was significantly higher in wounded rice plants than in non-wounded. in contrast, si treatment significantly reduced ja synthesis as compared to non-si applications under wounding stress. mrna expression of o. sativa genes showed down-regulation of lipoxygenase, allene oxide synthase 1, allene oxide synthase 2, 12 ...	2014	24840865
fine mapping of the lesion mimic and early senescence 1 (lmes1) in rice (oryza sativa).	a novel rice mutant, lesion mimic and early senescence 1 (lmes1), was induced from the rice 93-11 cultivar in a γ-ray field. this mutant exhibited spontaneous disease-like lesions in the absence of pathogen attack at the beginning of the tillering stage. moreover, at the booting stage, lmes1 mutants exhibited a significantly increased mda but decreased chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and photosynthetic rate in the leaves, which are indicative of an early senescence phenotype. the lm ...	2014	24832615
differential expression of nrat1 is responsible for al-tolerance qtl on chromosome 2 in rice.	although rice (oryza sativa) is the most al-tolerant species among small-grain cereal crops, there is wide genotypic variation in its tolerance to al toxicity. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for al tolerance have been detected, but the responsible genes have not been identified. by using chromosome segment substitution lines, this work found that nrat1, a gene encoding an al transporter, is responsible for a qtl previously detected on chromosome 2. substitution of the chromosome segm ...	2014	24821956
use of multicopy transposons bearing unfitness genes in weed control: four example scenarios.	we speculate that multicopy transposons, carrying both fitness and unfitness genes, can provide new positive and negative selection options to intractable weed problems. multicopy transposons rapidly disseminate through populations, appearing in approximately 100% of progeny, unlike nuclear transgenes, which appear in a proportion of segregating populations. different unfitness transgenes and modes of propagation will be appropriate for different cases: (1) outcrossing amaranthus spp. (that evol ...	2014	24820021
physiological and proteomic alterations in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings under hexavalent chromium stress.	rice plants employ two strategies to cope with cr toxicity: immobilizing cr ions into cell walls to reduce its translocation and activating antioxidant defense to mitigate cr-induced oxidative stress. the investigation aimed at understanding the physiological and proteomic responses of rice seedlings to hexavalent chromium (cr(6+)) stress was conducted using two rice genotypes, which differ in cr tolerance and accumulation. cr toxicity (200 µm) heavily increased the accumulation of h2o2 and [for ...	2014	24819712
arsenic stress in rice: redox consequences and regulation by iron.	arsenic (as) contamination is a serious hazard to human health and agriculture. it has emerged as an important threat for rice cultivation mainly in south asian countries. in this study, we investigated the effect of iron (fe) supplementation on arsenic (as(v)) induced oxidative stress responses in rice (oryza sativa l.). rice seedlings treated with as(v) for 24 and 48 h in presence or absence of 2.5 mm fe after which the root and shoot tissues were harvested for analysis. the results indicate s ...	2014	24811675
identification of a geranylgeranyl reductase gene for chlorophyll synthesis in rice.	geranylgeranyl reductase (chl p) catalyzes the reduction of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to phytyl diphosphate, and provides phytol for both chlorophyll (chl) and tocopherol synthesis. in this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 502ys, in rice (oryza sativa). the mutant exhibited reduced level of chls, arrested development of chloroplasts, and retarded growth rate. the phenotype of the 502ys mutant was controlled by by a recessive mutation in a nuclear gene on the long arm of rice chrom ...	2014	24809003
role of gamma-oryzanol in drought-tolerant and susceptible cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.).	drought-tolerant cultivars and their phytochemical composition, which has a role in providing drought tolerance are gaining importance. in this study, rice bran oil and semi-purified oryzanol (spo) obtained from five rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars, namely p1401 and pb1 (drought-susceptible) and n22, pnr381 and apo (drought-tolerant) were analyzed for the gamma-oryzanol content, an antioxidant present in considerable amount in the rice bran. the higher level of gamma-oryzanol and its antioxidan ...	2014	24791420
functional characterization of the rice udp-glucose 4-epimerase 1, osuge1: a potential role in cell wall carbohydrate partitioning during limiting nitrogen conditions.	plants grown under inadequate mineralized nitrogen (n) levels undergo n and carbon (c) metabolic re-programming which leads to significant changes in both soluble and insoluble carbohydrate profiles. however, relatively little information is available on the genetic factors controlling carbohydrate partitioning during adaptation to n-limitation conditions in plants. a gene encoding a uridine-diphospho-(udp)-glucose 4-epimerase (osuge-1) from rice (oryza sativa) was found to be n-responsive. we d ...	2014	24788752
changes in free polyamine levels, expression of polyamine biosynthesis genes, and performance of rice cultivars under salt stress: a comparison with responses to drought.	soil salinity affects a large proportion of rural area and limits agricultural productivity. to investigate differential adaptation to soil salinity, we studied salt tolerance of 18 varieties of oryza sativa using a hydroponic culture system. based on visual inspection and photosynthetic parameters, cultivars were classified according to their tolerance level. additionally, biomass parameters were correlated with salt tolerance. polyamines have frequently been demonstrated to be involved in plan ...	2014	24847340
maintenance of chloroplast structure and function by overexpression of the rice monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase gene leads to enhanced salt tolerance in tobacco.	in plants, the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and digalactodiacylglycerol (dgdg) are major constituents of photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts. one of the key enzymes for the biosynthesis of these galactolipids is mgdg synthase (mgd). to investigate the role of mgd in the plant's response to salt stress, we cloned an mgd gene from rice (oryza sativa) and generated tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing osmgd. the mgd activity in osmgd transgenic plants was conf ...	2014	24843077
analysis of genetic diversity and trait correlations among korean landrace rice (oryza sativa l.).	this study analyzed 394 korean rice landrace accessions, including 93 waxy varieties, for polymorphisms using 29 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. in total, 381 alleles served as raw data for estimating the genetic diversity (gd) and population structure. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 44 (average = 13.14). the expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (pic) ranged from 0.0341 to 0.9358 (mean = 0.5623) and from 0.0783 to 0.9367 (mean = 0.5839), respective ...	2014	24782213
functional and molecular characterization of plastid terminal oxidase from rice (oryza sativa).	the plastid terminal oxidase (ptox) is a plastohydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase that shares structural similarities with alternative oxidases (aox). multiple roles have been attributed to ptox, such as involvement in carotene desaturation, a safety valve function, participation in the processes of chlororespiration and setting the redox poise for cyclic electron transport. we have investigated a homogenously pure mbp fusion of ptox. the protein forms a homo-tetrameric complex containing 2 fe p ...	2014	24780313
comparative proteomic analysis of early salt stress responsive proteins in roots and leaves of rice.	growth and productivity of rice (oryza sativa l.) are severely affected by salinity. understanding the mechanisms that protect rice and other important cereal crops from salt stress will help in the development of salt-stress-tolerant strains. in this study, rice seedlings of the same genetic species with various salt tolerances were studied. we first used 2de to resolve the expressed proteome in rice roots and leaves and then used nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to iden ...	2014	24841874
physiological response of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes to elevated nitrogen applied under field conditions.	field experiment was conducted at g.b.p.u.a.t. pantnagar, uttarakhand, india in rainy season of 2008 and 2009 to study the impacts of increased nitrogen doses on growth dynamics, biomass partitioning, chaffy grain and nitrogen use efficiency in 4 rice genotypes viz., vasumati, tulsi, kasturi and krishna hamsa. four doses (n 0, n 50, n 100 and n 200 kg n ha-1) of nitrogen in the form of urea were applied in 3 split. increased trend in growth dynamics during active tillering and flowering stage, a ...	2014	24787577
quality characteristics of gluten free cookies prepared from different flour combinations.	the present investigation was undertaken on the utilization of alternate flours/meals (rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum vulgare) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) for the preparation of gluten free cookies as compared to conventional wheat (triticum aestivum) flour cookies. the physicochemical parameters, sensory qualities and functional properties of flours/cookies were studied and compared with control cookies. the blend of maize and pearl millet had best pasting qua ...	2014	24741176
tissue-specific and light-dependent regulation of phytochrome gene expression in rice.	phytochromes are red- and far red light photoreceptors in higher plants. rice (oryza sativa l.) has three phytochromes (phya, phyb and phyc), which play distinct as well as cooperative roles in light perception. to gain a better understanding of individual phytochrome functions in rice, expression patterns of three phytochrome genes were characterized using promoter-gus fusion constructs. the phytochrome genes phya and phyb showed distinct patterns of tissue- and developmental stage-specific exp ...	2014	24738738
characterisation of indica special protein (isp), a marker protein for the differentiation of oryza sativa subspecies indica and japonica.	based on both morphological and physiological traits, asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) can be classified into two distinct subspecies, indica and japonica. to better understand the differences between the two subspecies, a proteomic approach was used to profile proteins present in the yellow seedling stage of 10 indica and 10 japonica rice varieties. we report the discovery of a new protein, indica special protein (isp), which was only detected in yellow seedlings of indica varieties, and ...	2014	24786093
influence of nutrient composition and plant growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration in glutinous rice (oryza sativa l.).	the potential for callus induction and regeneration depends on nutrient composition and plant growth regulators. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of nutrient composition and plant growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration in the glutinous rice cultivar khunvang. the effect of 2,4-d concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg l(-1)) on callus induction and growth were investigated. the results revealed that the highest percentage of callus induction (97%) was ...	2014	24783785
se14, encoding a jmjc domain-containing protein, plays key roles in long-day suppression of rice flowering through the demethylation of h3k4me3 of rft1.	floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase is a major change in the plant life cycle and a key factor in reproductive success. in rice (oryza sativa l.), a facultative short-day plant, numerous flowering time and flower formation genes that control floral transition have been identified and their physiological effects and biochemical functions have been clarified. in the present study, we used a se14-deficient mutant line (hs112) and other flowering mutant lines to in ...	2014	24759811
imprinting in rice: the role of dna and histone methylation in modulating parent-of-origin specific expression and determining transcript start sites.	over 200 imprinted genes in rice endosperm are known, but the mechanisms modulating their parental allele-specific expression are poorly understood. here we use three imprinted genes, osyucca11, yellow2-like and ubiquitin hydrolase, to show that differential dna methylation and tri-methylation of histone h3 lysine 27 (h3k27me3 ) in the promoter and/or gene body influences allele-specific expression or the site of transcript initiation. paternal expression of osyucca11 required dna methylation in ...	2014	24819479
identification and functional characterization of sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein from rice and structural elucidation by in silico approach.	the sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (s6pdh) is a key enzyme for sorbitol synthesis and plays an important role in the alleviation of salinity stress in plants. despite the huge significance, the structure and the mode of action of this enzyme are still not known. in the present study, sequence analysis, cloning, expression, activity assays and enzyme kinetics using various substrates (glucose-6-phosphate, sorbitol-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate) were performed to establish the functional ...	2014	24817585
assessment of genetic diversity in rice [oryza sativa l.] germplasm based on agro-morphology traits and zinc-iron content for crop improvement.	genetic resources of landraces (84 cultivars) were collected from various agro-ecological regions of west bengal and adjoining areas and characterized based on qualitative and quantitative agro-morphological descriptors along with zinc (zn) and iron (fe) content. the dus protocol was employed to study 16 agro-morphological passport data such as: vegetative data (anthocyanin pigmentation, plant habit), reproductive data (flag leaf attitude, stigma colour, panicle attitude), including eight grain ...	2014	24757325
cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase4 integrates cytokinin and auxin signaling to control rice crown root formation.	crown roots constitute the majority of the rice (oryza sativa) root system and play an important role in rice growth and development. however, the molecular mechanism of crown root formation in rice is not well understood. here, we characterized a rice dominant mutant, root enhancer1 (ren1-d), which was observed to exhibit a more robust root system, increased crown root number, and reduced plant height. molecular and genetic analyses revealed that these phenotypes are caused by the activation of ...	2014	24808099
rice cyp703a3, a cytochrome p450 hydroxylase, is essential for development of anther cuticle and pollen exine.	anther cuticle and pollen exine act as protective envelopes for the male gametophyte or pollen grain, but the mechanism underlying the synthesis of these lipidic polymers remains unclear. previously, a tapetum-expressed cyp703a3, a putative cytochrome p450 fatty acid hydroxylase, was shown to be essential for male fertility in rice (oryza sativa l.). however, the biochemical and biological roles of cyp703a3 has not been characterized. here, we observed that cyp703a3-2 caused by one base insertio ...	2014	24798002
gas film retention and underwater photosynthesis during field submergence of four contrasting rice genotypes.	floods can completely submerge some rice (oryza sativa l.) fields. leaves of rice have gas films that aid o2 and co2 exchange under water. the present study explored the relationship between gas film persistence and underwater net photosynthesis (pn) as influenced by genotype and submergence duration. four contrasting genotypes (fr13a, ir42, swarna, and swarna-sub1) were submerged for 13 days in the field and leaf gas films, chlorophyll, and the capacity for underwater pn at near ambient and hig ...	2014	24759881
effect of silver nanoparticles on rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml 105) seed germination and seedling growth.	with the advances in nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been applied in many industries, increasing their potential exposure level in the environment, yet their environmental safety remains poorly evaluated. the possible effects of different sized agnps (20, 30-60, 70-120 and 150nm diameter) on jasmine rice, oryza sativa l. cv. kdml 105, were investigated at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000mg/l) upon seed germination and seedling growth. the results revealed that ...	2014	24726943
retention of osnmd3 in the cytoplasm disturbs protein synthesis efficiency and affects plant development in rice.	the ribosome is the basic machinery for translation, and biogenesis of ribosomes involves many coordinated events. however, knowledge about ribosomal dynamics in higher plants is very limited. this study chose a highly conserved trans-factor, the 60s ribosomal subunit nuclear export adaptor nmd3, to characterize the mechanism of ribosome biogenesis in the monocot plant oryza sativa (rice). o. sativa nmd3 (osnmd3) shares all the common motifs and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm via crm ...	2014	24723395
assessment of the quality of bran and bran oil produced from some egyptian rice varieties.	rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the leading food crops of the world, the staple food of over half the world's population. the bran, which is an important byproduct obtained during rice milling, constitutes about 1/10 of the weight of the rice grain. rice bran is the outer brown layer including the rice germ that is removed during the milling process of brown grain. this milling byproduct is reported to be high in natural vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin e.	2014	24717398
improved yield and zn accumulation for rice grain by zn fertilization and optimized water management.	zinc (zn) deficiency and water scarcity are major challenges in rice (oryza sativa l.) under an intensive rice production system. this study aims to investigate the impact of water-saving management and different zn fertilization source (znso4 and zn-edta) regimes on grain yield and zn accumulation in rice grain. different water managements, continuous flooding (cf), and alternate wetting and drying (awd) were applied during the rice growing season. compared with cf, the awd regime significantly ...	2014	24711357
comparison of space flight and heavy ion radiation induced genomic/epigenomic mutations in rice (oryza sativa).	rice seeds, after space flight and low dose heavy ion radiation treatment were cultured on ground. leaves of the mature plants were obtained for examination of genomic/epigenomic mutations by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (msap) method, respectively. the mutation sites were identified by fragment recovery and sequencing. the heritability of the mutations was detected in the next generation. results showed that both space ...	2014	26432592
characterization of the caleosin gene family in the triticeae.	the caleosin genes encode proteins with a single conserved ef hand calcium-binding domain and comprise small gene families found in a wide range of plant species. some members of the gene family have been shown to be upregulated by environmental stresses including low water availability and high salinity. caleosin 3 from wheat has been shown to interact with the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric g proteins, and to act as a gtpase activating protein (gap). this study characterizes the size and dive ...	2014	24673767
genomic changes at the early stage of somatic hybridization.	a broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic changes is induced by wide hybridization and subsequent polyploidization, but the timing of these events remains obscure because early hybrid cells are very difficult to harvest and analyze. here, we used both cytological and genetic marker approaches to analyze the constitution of very young somatic hybrid cells between japonica rice (oryza sativa l. subsp japonica) and indica rice (oryza sativa l. subsp indica) and between japonica rice and bread whea ...	2014	24668681
the rice basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor tdr interacting protein2 is a central switch in early anther development.	in male reproductive development in plants, meristemoid precursor cells possessing transient, stem cell-like features undergo cell divisions and differentiation to produce the anther, the male reproductive organ. the anther contains centrally positioned microsporocytes surrounded by four distinct layers of wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. here, we report that the rice (oryza sativa) basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) protein tdr interacting protein2 (tip2) functions as a c ...	2014	24755456
lanthanum ions intervened in enzymatic production and elimination of reactive oxygen species in leaves of rice seedlings under cadmium stress.	rare earth elements at proper concentrations were observed to alleviate heavy metal stress. however, the potential mechanisms of alleviation are not clear. thus, the present study focused on the mechanisms of lanthanum (la) ions on the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ros) production in leaves of rice seedlings hydroponically cultivated in 30 µm cadmium chloride (cdcl2) for 2 d. results showed that the decline of superoxide (o2 · (-)) or hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was attribu ...	2014	24753051
efficient genome-wide detection and cataloging of ems-induced mutations using exome capture and next-generation sequencing.	chemical mutagenesis efficiently generates phenotypic variation in otherwise homogeneous genetic backgrounds, enabling functional analysis of genes. advances in mutation detection have brought the utility of induced mutant populations on par with those produced by insertional mutagenesis, but systematic cataloguing of mutations would further increase their utility. we examined the suitability of multiplexed global exome capture and sequencing coupled with custom-developed bioinformatics tools to ...	2014	24728647
mapped clone and functional analysis of leaf-color gene ygl7 in a rice hybrid (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica).	leaf-color is an effective marker to identify the hybridization of rice. leaf-color related genes function in chloroplast development and the photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis of higher plants. the ygl7 (yellow-green leaf 7) is a mutant with spontaneous yellow-green leaf phenotype across the whole lifespan but with no change to its yield traits. we cloned gene ygl7 (os03g59640) which encodes a magnesium-chelatase chld protein. expression of ygl7 turns green-leaves to yellow, whereas rnai-media ...	2014	24932524
osmyb103l, an r2r3-myb transcription factor, influences leaf rolling and mechanical strength in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the shape of grass leaves possesses great value in both agronomy and developmental biology research. leaf rolling is one of the important traits in rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding. myb transcription factors are one of the largest gene families and have important roles in plant development, metabolism and stress responses. however, little is known about their functions in rice.	2014	24906444
exogenous proline and glycine betaine mediated upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems provides better protection against salt-induced oxidative stress in two rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties.	the present study investigates the roles of exogenous proline (pro, 5 mm) and glycine betaine (gb, 5 mm) in improving salt stress tolerance in salt sensitive (brri dhan49) and salt tolerant (brri dhan54) rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties. salt stresses (150 and 300 mm nacl for 48 h) significantly reduced leaf relative water (rwc) and chlorophyll (chl) content and increased endogenous pro and increased lipid peroxidation and h2o2 levels. ascorbate (asa), glutathione (gsh) and gsh/gssg, ascorbate p ...	2014	24991566
deep rooting conferred by deeper rooting 1 enhances rice yield in paddy fields.	to clarify the effect of deep rooting on grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.) in an irrigated paddy field with or without fertilizer, we used the shallow-rooting ir64 and the deep-rooting dro1-nil (a near-isogenic line homozygous for the kinandang patong allele of deeper rooting 1 (dro1) in the ir64 genetic background). although total root length was similar in both lines, more roots were distributed within the lower soil layer of the paddy field in dro1-nil than in ir64, irrespective of fertil ...	2014	24988911
rice rcn1/osabcg5 mutation alters accumulation of essential and nonessential minerals and causes a high na/k ratio, resulting in a salt-sensitive phenotype.	mineral balance and salt stress are major factors affecting plant growth and yield. here, we characterized the effects of rice (oryza sativa l.) reduced culm number1 (rcn1), encoding a g subfamily abc transporter (osabcg5) involved in accumulation of essential and nonessential minerals, the na/k ratio, and salt tolerance. reduced potassium and elevated sodium in field-grown plants were evident in rcn1 compared to original line 'shiokari' and four independent rcn mutants, rcn2, rcn4, rcn5 and rcn ...	2014	24908511
in vitro studies of enzymatic properties of starch synthases and interactions between starch synthase i and starch branching enzymes from rice.	the present study was conducted to characterize the functions of the major starch synthase (ss) isozymes ssi, ssiia, and ssiiia in rice endosperm and their functional interaction with starch branching enzyme (be), by using their purified recombinant proteins. all the ss isozymes had similarly significant activities toward branched glucans such as amylopecin and glycogen whereas they scarcely showed activities toward maltohexaose. in vitro studies indicate that ssi mainly attacked a and b chains ...	2014	24908500
genome-wide association analyses provide genetic and biochemical insights into natural variation in rice metabolism.	plant metabolites are important to world food security in terms of maintaining sustainable yield and providing food with enriched phytonutrients. here we report comprehensive profiling of 840 metabolites and a further metabolic genome-wide association study based on ∼6.4 million snps obtained from 529 diverse accessions of oryza sativa. we identified hundreds of common variants influencing numerous secondary metabolites with large effects at high resolution. we observed substantial heterogeneity ...	2014	24908251
rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: a comprehensive review.	rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. this review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice (orzya sativa) cultivated or purchased in 15 countries. not surprisingly, both rice total mercury and methylmercury levels were signific ...	2014	24972509
basal transcription factor 3 plays an important role in seed germination and seedling growth of rice.	btf3 has been recognized to be involved in plant growth and development. but its function remains mostly unknown during seed germination and seedling stage. here, we have analyzed osbtf3-related sequences in oryza sativa l. subspecies, japonica, which resembles with the conserved domain of a nascent polypeptide associated complex (nac) with different homologs of osbtf3 and human btf3. inhibition of osj10gbtf3 has led to considerable morphological changes during seed germination and seedling grow ...	2014	24971328
genome-wide mapping of virulence in brown planthopper identifies loci that break down host plant resistance.	insects and plants have coexisted for over 350 million years and their interactions have affected ecosystems and agricultural practices worldwide. variation in herbivorous insects' virulence to circumvent host resistance has been extensively documented. however, despite decades of investigation, the genetic foundations of virulence are currently unknown. the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) is the most destructive rice (oryza sativa) pest in the world. the identification of the resistance ...	2014	24911169
the bhlh142 transcription factor coordinates with tdr1 to modulate the expression of eat1 and regulate pollen development in rice.	male sterility plays an important role in f1 hybrid seed production. we identified a male-sterile rice (oryza sativa) mutant with impaired pollen development and a single t-dna insertion in the transcription factor gene bhlh142. knockout mutants of bhlh142 exhibited retarded meiosis and defects in tapetal programmed cell death. rt-pcr and in situ hybridization analyses showed that bhlh142 is specifically expressed in the anther, in the tapetum, and in meiocytes during early meiosis. three basic ...	2014	24894043
genetic dissection of black grain rice by the development of a near isogenic line.	rice (oryza sativa l.) can produce black grains as well as white. in black rice, the pericarp of the grain accumulates anthocyanin, which has antioxidant activity and is beneficial to human health. we developed a black rice introgression line in the genetic background of oryza sativa l. 'koshihikari', which is a leading variety in japan. we used oryza sativa l. 'hong xie nuo' as the donor parent and backcrossed with 'koshihikari' four times, resulting in a near isogenic line (nil) for black grai ...	2014	24987299
selenium ameliorates arsenic induced oxidative stress through modulation of antioxidant enzymes and thiols in rice (oryza sativa l.).	arsenic (as) contamination of rice is a major problem for south-east asia. in the present study, the effect of selenium (se) on rice (oryza sativa l.) plants exposed to as was studied in hydroponic culture. arsenic accumulation, plant growth, thiolic ligands and antioxidative enzyme activities were assayed after single (as and se) and simultaneous supplementations (as + se). the results indicated that the presence of se (25 µm) decreased as accumulation by threefold in roots and twofold in shoot ...	2014	24985886
arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease.	celiac disease (cd) may affect up to 1% of the western population. it is a disease whose diagnosis has been made mainly in childhood, but now the profile has changed, with one out of five newly diagnosed individuals being over 65 years old. the only treatment for this population is a gluten-free diet. therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of arsenic (as) in gluten-free products, basically those rice-based, intended for celiac adult consumers. the current study demo ...	2014	24919988
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) from oryza sativa l. japonica.	dehydroascorbate reductase from oryza sativa l. japonica (osdhar), a key enzyme in the regeneration of vitamin c, maintains reduced pools of ascorbic acid to detoxify reactive oxygen species. in previous studies, the overexpression of osdhar in transgenic rice increased grain yield and biomass as well as the amount of ascorbate, suggesting that ascorbate levels are directly associated with crop production in rice. hence, it has been speculated that the increased level of antioxidants generated b ...	2014	24915093
the structure of the catalytic domain of a plant cellulose synthase and its assembly into dimers.	cellulose microfibrils are para-crystalline arrays of several dozen linear (1→4)-β-d-glucan chains synthesized at the surface of the cell membrane by large, multimeric complexes of synthase proteins. recombinant catalytic domains of rice (oryza sativa) cesa8 cellulose synthase form dimers reversibly as the fundamental scaffold units of architecture in the synthase complex. specificity of binding to udp and udp-glc indicates a properly folded protein, and binding kinetics indicate that each monom ...	2014	25012190
nuclear and chloroplast diversity and phenotypic distribution of rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm from the democratic people's republic of korea (dprk; north korea).	rice accounts for 43% of staple food production in the democratic people's republic of korea (dprk). the most widely planted rice varieties were developed from a limited number of ancestral lines that were repeatedly used as parents in breeding programs. however, detailed pedigrees are not publicly available and little is known about the genetic, phenotypic, and geographical variation of dprk varieties.	2014	25006358
risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in paddy soil, plants, and grains (oryza sativa l.) at the east coast of india.	heavy metals known to be accumulated in plants adversely affect human health. this study aims to assess the effects of agrochemicals especially chemical fertilizers applied in paddy fields, which release potential toxic heavy metals into soil. those heavy metals get accumulated in different parts of paddy plant (oryza sativa l.) including the grains. concentrations of nonessential toxic heavy metals (cd, cr, and pb) and the micronutrients (cu, mn, and zn) were measured in the paddy field soil an ...	2014	24995308
dynamics of male and female chromatin during karyogamy in rice zygotes.	in angiosperms, the conversion of an egg cell into a zygote involves two sequential gametic processes: plasmogamy, the fusion of the plasma membranes of male and female gametes, and karyogamy, the fusion of the gametic nuclei. in this study, the nuclei and nuclear membranes of rice (oryza sativa) gametes were fluorescently labeled using histones 2b-green fluorescent protein/red fluorescent protein and sad1/unc-84-domain protein2-green fluorescent protein, respectively, which were heterologously ...	2014	24948834
selenium addition alters mercury uptake, bioavailability in the rhizosphere and root anatomy of rice (oryza sativa).	mercury (hg) is an extremely toxic pollutant, especially in the form of methylmercury (mehg), whereas selenium (se) is an essential trace element in the human diet. this study aimed to ascertain whether addition of se can produce rice with enriched se and lowered hg content when growing in hg-contaminated paddy fields and, if so, to determine the possible mechanisms behind these effects.	2014	24948669
normal solid gastric emptying values measured by scintigraphy using asian-style meal:a multicenter study in healthy volunteers.	to report gastric emptying scintigraphy, normal values should be established for a specific protocol. the aim of this study was to provide normal gastric emptying values and determine factors affecting gastric emptying using asian rice-based meal in healthy volunteers.	2014	24948129
a simple method for construction of artificial microrna vector in plant.	artificial microrna (amirna) is a powerful tool for silencing genes in many plant species. here we provide an easy method to construct amirna vectors that reinvents the golden gate cloning approach and features a novel system called top speed amirna construction (tac). this speedy approach accomplishes one restriction-ligation step in only 5 min, allowing easy and high-throughput vector construction. three primers were annealed to be a specific adaptor, then digested and ligated on our novel vec ...	2014	24930106
cloning and characterization of the drought-resistance osrci2-5 gene in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the genomic expression profile of the super-hybrid rice liangyoupeijiu female parent pei'ai 64s in different tissues at different developmental stages under low temperature, drought, and high temperature stresses were detected using an affymetrix genechip rice genome array to screen upregulated and downregulated genes. in this study, we screened the drought-resistant gene osrci2-5, after which a constitutive osrci2-5 construct was created and transferred into nipponbare. after polyethylene glyco ...	2014	24938613
production of functional human vascular endothelial growth factor(165) in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures.	vascular endothelial growth factors (vegfs) are secreted by tumor cells and other cells exposed to hypoxia, and play a critical role in the development and differentiation of the vascular system. in this study, we investigated the production of functional recombinant human vegf165 (rhvegf165) in transgenic rice cell suspension culture. complementary dna was synthesized from human leukemia hl60 cells and cloned into expression vectors under the control of the rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter. ...	2014	25039061
immunotoxicity assessment of rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	human serum albumin (hsa) is extensively used in clinics to treat a variety of diseases, such as hypoproteinemia, hemorrhagic shock, serious burn injuries, cirrhotic ascites and fetal erythroblastosis. to address supply shortages and high safety risks from limited human donors, we recently developed recombinant technology to produce hsa from rice endosperm. to assess the risk potential of hsa derived from oryza sativa (osrhsa) before a first-in-human (fih) trial, we compared osrhsa and plasma-de ...	2014	25099245